Mummer

Mumm"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. mommeur. See Mumm, and cf. Momier.] One who mumms, or makes diversion in disguise; a masker; a buffon.
Jugglers and dancers, antics, mummers. Milton.

Mummery

Mum"mer*y (?), n.; pl. Mummeries (#). [F. momerie, of Dutch or German origin. See Mumm.]

1. Masking; frolic in disguise; buffoonery.

The mummery of foreign strollers. Fenton.

2. Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and parade or ceremonies. Bacon.

Mummichog

Mum"mi*chog (?), n. [Amer. Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus, and of allied genera; the killifishes; -- called also minnow. [Written also mummychog, mummachog.]

Mummification

Mum`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Mummify.] The act of making a mummy.

Mummified

Mum"mi*fied (?), a. Converted into a mummy or a mummylike substance; having the appearance of a mummy; withered.

Mummiform

Mum"mi*form (?), a. [Mummy + -form.] Having some resemblance to a mummy; -- in zo\'94logy, said of the pup\'91 of certain insects.

Mummify

Mum"mi*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mummified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mummifying (?).] [Mummy + -fy: cf. F. momifier.] To embalm and dry as a mummy; to make into, or like, a mummy. Hall (1646).

Mummy

Mum"my (?), n.; pl. Mummies (#). [F. momie; cf. Sp. & Pg. momia, It. mummia; all fr. Per. m, fr. m wax.]

1. A dead body embalmed and dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians; also, a body preserved, by any means, in a dry state, from the process of putrefaction. Bacon.

2. Dried flesh of a mummy. [Obs.] Sir. J. Hill.

3. A gummy liquor that exudes from embalmed flesh when heated; -- formerly supposed to have magical and medicinal properties. [Obs.] Shak. Sir T. Herbert.

4. A brown color obtained from bitumen. See Mummy brown (below).

5. (Gardening) A sort of wax used in grafting, etc.

6. One whose affections and energies are withered. Mummy brown, a brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw umber. A pigment of this color is prepared from bitumen, etc., obtained from Egyptian tombs. -- Mummy wheat (Bot.), wheat found in the ancient mummy cases of Egypt. No botanist now believes that genuine mummy wheat has been made to germinate in modern times. -- To beat to a mummy, to beat to a senseless mass; to beat soundly.

Mummy

Mum"my, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mummied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mummying.] To embalm; to mummify.

Mummychog

Mum"my*chog (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Mummichog.

Mump

Mump (?), v. i. [Akin to mumble; cf. D. mompen to cheat; perh. orig., to whine like a beggar, D. mompelen to mumble. See Mumble, Mum, and cf. Mumps.]

1. To move the lips with the mouth closed; to mumble, as in sulkiness.

He mumps, and lovers, and hangs the lip. Taylor, 1630.

2. To talk imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly; to chatter unintelligibly.

3. To cheat; to deceive; to play the beggar.

And then when mumping with a sore leg, ... canting and whining. Burke.

4. To be sullen or sulky. [Prov. Eng.]

Mump

Mump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mumping.]

1. To utter imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly.

Old men who mump their passion. Goldsmith.

2. To work over with the mouth; to mumble; as, to mump food.

3. To deprive of (something) by cheating; to impose upon.

Mumper

Mump"er (?), n. A beggar; a begging impostor.
Deceived by the tales of a Lincoln's Inn mumper. Macaulay.

Mumpish

Mump"ish, a. Sullen, sulky. -- Mump"ish*ly, adv. -- Mump"ish*ness, n.

Mumps

Mumps (?), n. [Prov. E. mump to be sulky. Cf. Mump, Mumble, and Mum.]

1. pl. Sullenness; silent displeasure; the sulks. Skinner.

2. [Prob. so called from the patient's appearance.] (Med.) A specific infectious febrile disorder characterized by a nonsuppurative inflammation of the parotid glands; epidemic or infectious parotitis.

Mun

Mun (?), n. [See Mouth.] The mouth. [Obs.]
One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns, Butter them and sugar them and put them in your muns. Old Rhyme. Halliwell.

Munch

Munch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Munched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Munching.] [Prob. akin to mumble: cf. also F. manger to eat (cf. Mange), and m\'83cher to cher (cf. Masticate). See Mumble.] To chew with a grinding, crunching sound, as a beast chews provender; to chew deliberately or in large mouthfuls. [Formerly written also maunch and mounch.]
I could munch your good dry oats. Shak.

Munchausenism

Mun*chau"sen*ism (?), n. [So called in allusion to Baron Munchausen's extravagant tales of travel.] An extravagant fiction embodying an account of some marvelous exploit or adventure.

Muncher

Munch"er (?), n. One who munches.

Mund

Mund (?), n. See Mun.

Mundane

Mun"dane (?), a. [L. mundanus, fr. mundus the world, an implement, toilet adornments, or dress; cf. mundus, a., clean, neat, Skr. ma&nsdot;&dsdot; to adorn, dress, ma&nsdot;&dsdot;a adornment. Cf. Monde, Mound in heraldry.] Of or pertaining to the world; worldly; earthly; terrestrial; as, the mundane sphere. -- Mun"dane*ly, adv.
The defilement of mundane passions. I. Taylor.

Mundanity

Mun*dan"i*ty (?), n. Worldliness. [Obs.]

Mundation

Mun*da"tion (?), n. [L. mundatio, fr. mundare to make clean.] The act of cleansing. [Obs.]

Mundatory

Mun"da*to*ry (?), a. [L. mundatorius.] Cleansing; having power to cleanse. [Obs.]

Mundic

Mun"dic (?), n. Iron pyrites, or arsenical pyrites; -- so called by the Cornish miners.

Mundificant

Mun*dif"i*cant (?), a. [L. mundificans, p.pr. of mundificare to make clean, fr. mundus clean + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] Serving to cleanse and heal. -- n. A mundificant ointment or plaster.

Mundification

Mun`di*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or operation of cleansing.

Mundificative

Mun*dif"i*ca*tive (?), a. Cleansing. -- n. A detergent medicine or preparation.

Mundify

Mun"di*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. mondifier, L. mundificare. See Mundificant.] To cleanse. [Obs.]

Mundil

Mun"dil (?), n. A turban ornamented with an imitation of gold or silver embroidery.

Mundivagant

Mun*div"a*gant (?), a. [L. mundus the world + vagans wandering, p.pr. of vagari. See Vagary.] Wandering over the world. [R.]

Mundungus

Mun*dun"gus (?), n. [Cf. Sp. mondongo paunch, tripe, black pudding.] A stinking tobacco.

Munnerary

Mun"ner*a*ry (?), a. [L. munerarius, from munus a gift.] Having the nature of a gift. [Obs.]

Munnerate

Mun"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. muneratus, p.p. of munerare to give, bestow, fr. munus a gift.] To remunerate.

Muneration

Mu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L. muneratio.] Remuneration. [Obs.]

Mung

Mung (?), n. [Hind. m.] (Bot.) Green gram, a kind of pulse (Phaseolus Mungo), grown for food in British India. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Munga

Mun"ga (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Bonnet monkey, under Bonnet.

Mungcorn

Mung"corn` (?), n. Same as Mangcorn.

Mungo

Mun"go (?), n. A fibrous material obtained by deviling rags or the remnants of woolen goods. &hand; Mungo properly signifies the disintegrated rags of woolen cloth, as distinguished from those of worsted, which form shoddy. The distinction is very commonly disregarded. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

Mungoose, Mungoos

Mun"goose, Mun"goos (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Mongoose.

Mungrel

Mun"grel (?), n. & a. See Mongrel.

Municipal

Mu*nic"i*pal (?), a. [L. municipalis, fr. municipium a town, particularly in Italy, which possessed the right of Roman citizenship, but was governed by its own laws, a free town, fr. municeps an inhabitant of a free town, a free citizen; munia official duties, functions + capere to take: cf. F. municipal. Cf. Immunity, and Capacoius.]

1. Of or pertaining to a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government; as, municipal rights; municipal officers.

2. Of or pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation.

Municipal law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state. Blackstone.

Municipalism

Mu*nic"i*pal*ism (?), n. Municipal condition.

Municipality

Mu*nic`i*pal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Municipalities (#). [Cf. F. municipalit\'82.] A municipal district; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.

Municipally

Mu*nic"i*pal*ly (?), adv. In a municipal relation or condition.

Munific

Mu*nif"ic (?), a. [See Munificent.] Munificent; liberal. [Obs. or R.]

Munificate

Mu*nif"i*cate (?), v. t. [L. munificatus, p.p. of munificare to present with a thing, fr. munificus. See Munificent.] To enrich. [Obs.]

Munificence

Mu*nif"i*cence (?), n. [Cf. L. munire to fortify.] Means of defense; fortification. [Obs.] Spenser.

Munificence

Mu*nif"i*cence, n. [L. munificentia: cf. F. munificence.] The quality or state of being munificent; a giving or bestowing with extraordinary liberality; generous bounty; lavish generosity.
The virtues of liberality and munificence. Addison.
Syn. -- Benevolence; beneficence; liberality; generosity; bounty; bounteousness. See Benevolence.

Munificent

Mu*nif"i*cent (?), a. [L. munificus; munus service, gift + -ficare (in comp.) to make. Cf. Immunity, -fy.] Very liberal in giving or bestowing; lavish; as, a munificent benefactor. -- Mu*nif"i*cent*ly, adv. Syn. -- Bounteous; bountiful; liberal; generous.

Munify

Mu"ni*fy (?), v. t. & i. [See Munificate.] To prepare for defense; to fortify. [Obs.]

Muniment

Mu"ni*ment (?), n. [L. munimentum, fr. munire to fortify. See Munition.]

1. The act of supporting or defending. [Obs.]

2. That which supports or defends; stronghold; place or means of defense; munition; assistance. "Other muniments and petty helps." Shak.

3. (Law) A record; the evidences or writings whereby a man is enabled to defend the title to his estate; title deeds and papers. Blount. Muniment house ∨ room, that room in a cathedral, castle, or other public building, which is used for keeping the records, charters, seals, deeds, and the like. Gwilt.

Munite

Mu*nite" (?), v. t. [L. munitus, p.p. of munire to wall, fortify.] To fortify; to strengthen. [Obs.]

Munition

Mu*ni"tion (?), n. [F., munition of war, L. munitio a fortifying, fortification, fr. munire to fortify, defend with a wall; cf. moenia walls, murus (for moirus) a wall, and Skr. mi to fix, make firm. Cf. Ammunition.]

1. Fortification; stronghold. [Obs.]

His place of defense shall be the munitions of rocks. Is. xxxiii. 16.

2. Whatever materials are used in war for drfense or for annoying an enemy; ammunition; also, stores and provisions; military stores of all kinds.

The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.

Munity

Mu"ni*ty (?), n. [See Immunity.] Freedom; security; immunity. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Munjeet

Mun*jeet" (?), n. [Hind. maj\'c6&tsdot;h a drug used for dyeing red.] See Indian madder, under Madder.

Munjistin

Mun"jis*tin (?), n. (Chem.) An orangered coloring substance resembling alizarin, found in the root of an East Indian species of madder (Rubia munjista).

Munnion

Mun"nion (?), n. See Mullion.

Muntin, Munting

Mun"tin (?), Mun"ting (?), n. [CF. Montant.] (Arch.) Same as Mullion; -- especially used in joiner's work.

Muntjac

Munt"jac (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small Asiatic deer of the genus Cervulus, esp. C. muntjac, which occurs both in India and on the East Indian Islands. [Written also muntjak.]

Muntz metal

Muntz" met`al (?). See under Metal.

Mur\'91na

Mu*r\'91"na (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large eels of the family Mir\'91nid\'91. They differ from the common eel in lacking pectoral fins and in having the dorsal and anal fins continuous. The murry (Mur\'91na Helen\'91) of Southern Europe was the mur\'91na of the Romans. It is highly valued as a food fish.

Mur\'91noid, Murenoid

Mu*r\'91"noid, Mu*re"noid (?), a. [NL. Mur\'91na, the generic name + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus Mur\'91na, or family Mur\'91nid\'91.

Murage

Mu"rage (?), n. [F., fr. murer to wall, fr. mur wall, L. murus. See Mure a wall.] A tax or toll paid for building or repairing the walls of a fortified town.

Mural

Mu"ral (?), a. [F., fr. L. muralis, fr. murus wall. See Mure a wall.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on, or against, a wall; as, a mural quadrant. "Mural breach." Milton. "Mural fruit." Evelyn.

2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice. Mural circle (Astron.), a graduated circle, in the plane of the meridian, attached permanently to a perpendicular wall; -- used for measuring arcs of the meridian. See Circle, n., 3. -- Mural crown (Rom. Antiq.), a golden crown, or circle of gold indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place, and there lodged a standard.

Murder

Mur"der (?), n. [OE. morder, morther, AS. mor&edh;or, fr. mor&edh; murder; akin to D. moord, OS. mor&edh;, G., Dan., & Sw. mord, Icel. mor&edh;, Goth. ma\'a3rþr, OSlav. mr\'c7ti to die, Lith. mirti, W. marw dead, L. mors, mortis, death, mori, moriri, to die, Gr. broto`s (for mroto`s) mortal, 'a`mbrotos immortal, Skr. m&rsdot; to die, m&rsdot;ta death. \'fb105. Cf. Amaranth, Ambrosia, Mortal.] The offense of killing a human being with malice prepense or aforethought, express or implied; intentional and unlawful homicide. "Mordre will out." Chaucer.
The killing of their children had, in the account of God, the guilt of murder, as the offering them to idols had the guilt of idolatry. Locke.
Slaughter grows murder when it goes too far. Dryden.
&hand; Murder in the second degree, in most jurisdictions, is a malicious homicide committed without a specific intention to take life. Wharton.

Murder

Mur"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Murdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Murdering.] [OE. mortheren, murtheren, AS. myr; akin to OHG. murdiren, Goth. ma\'a3r. See Murder, n.]

1. To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being) willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See Murder, n.

2. To destroy; to put an end to.

[Canst thou] murder thy breath in middle of a word? Shak.

3. To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to mangle; as, to murder the king's English. Syn. -- To kill; assassinate; slay. See Kill.

Page 955

Murderer

Mur"der*er (?), n.

1. One guilty of murder; a person who, in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice.

2. A small cannon, formerly used for clearing a ship's decks of boarders; -- called also murdering piece. [Obs.]

Murderess

Mur"der*ess, n. A woman who commits murder.

Murderment

Mur"der*ment (?), n. Murder. [Obs.] Farfax.

Murderous

Mur"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to murder; characterized by, or causing, murder or bloodshed; having the purpose or quality of murder; bloody; sanguinary; as, the murderous king; murderous rapine; murderous intent; a murderous assault. "Murderous coward." Shak. -- Mur"der*ous*ly, adv. Syn. -- Bloody; sanguinary; bloodguilty; bloodthirsty; fell; savage; cruel.

Murdress

Mur"dress (?), n. A battlement in ancient fortifications with interstices for firing through.

Mure

Mure (?), n. [L. murus; or F. mur, fr. L. murus. Cf. Munition.] A wall. [Obs.] Shak.

Mure

Mure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mured (?).] [F. murer, L. murare. See Mure, n.] To inclose in walls; to wall; to immure; to shut up. Spenser.
The five kings are mured in a cave. John. x. (Heading).

Murenger

Mu"ren*ger (?), n. One who had charge of the wall of a town, or its repairs.

Murex

Mu"rex (?), n.; pl. Murices (#). [L., the purple fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, having rough, and frequently spinose, shells, which are often highly colored inside; the rock shells. They abound in tropical seas.

Murexan

Mu*rex"an (?), n. [From Murexide.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance obtained from murexide, alloxantin, and other ureids, as a white, or yellowish, crystalline which turns red on exposure to the air; -- called also uramil, dialuramide, and formerly purpuric acid.

Murexide

Mu*rex"ide (?), n. [L. murex the purple fish, purple.] (Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous substance having a splendid dichroism, being green by reflected light and garnet-red by transmitted light. It was formerly used in dyeing calico, and was obtained in a large quantities from guano. Formerly called also ammonium purpurate.

Murexo\'8bn

Mu*rex"o*\'8bn (?), n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained as a scarlet crystalline substance, and regarded as related to murexide.

Muriate

Mu"ri*ate (?), n. [See Muriatic.] (Chem.) A salt of muriatic hydrochloric acid; a chloride; as, muriate of ammonia. &hand; This term, as also the word muriatic, was formerly applied to the chlorides before their true composition was understood, and while they were erroneously supposed to be compounds of an acid with an oxide. Muriate and muriatic are still occasionally used as commercial terms, but are obsolete in scientific language.

Muriated

Mu"ri*a`ted (?), a.

1. Put in brine. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with muriatic or hydrochloric acid.

3. (Photog.) Prepared with chloride of silver through the agency of common salt.

Muriatic

Mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [L. muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf. F. muriatique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric. Muriatic acid, hydrochloric acid, HCl; -- formerly called also marine acid, and spirit of salt. See hydrochloric, and the Note under Muriate.

Muriatiferous

Mu`ri*a*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Muriatic + -ferous.] (Old Chem.) Producing muriatic substances or salt. [Obs.]

Muricate, Muricated

Mu"ri*cate (?), Mu"ri*ca`ted (?), a. [L. muricatus, fr. murex a pointed rock or stone.] Formed with sharp points; full of sharp points or of pickles; covered, or roughened, as a surface, with sharp points or excrescences.

Muricoid

Mu"ri*coid (?), a. [Murex + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Murex, or family Muricid\'91.

Muriculate

Mu*ric"u*late (?), a. Minutely muricate.

Muride

Mu"ride (?), n. [L. muria brine.] (Old Chem.) Bromine; -- formerly so called from its being obtained from sea water.

Muriform

Mu"ri*form (?), a. [L. murus a wall + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and regular arrangement; as, a muriform variety of cellular tissue.

Murine

Mu"rine (?), a. [L. murinus, from mus, muris, mouse: cf. F. murin.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to a family of rodents (Murid\'91), of which the mouse is the type.

Murine

Mu"rine, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of rodents, of which the mouse is the type.

Muringer

Mu"rin*ger (?), n. See Murenger. Jacob.

Murk

Murk (?), a. [See Murky.] Dark; murky.
He can not see through the mantle murk. J. R. Drake.

Murk

Murk, n. Darkness; mirk. [Archaic] Shak.

Murk

Murk, n. The refuse of fruit, after the juice has been expressed; marc.

Murkily

Murk"i*ly (?), adv. Darkly; gloomily.

Murkiness

Murk"i*ness, n. The state of being murky.

Murky

Murk"y (?), a. [Compar. Murkier (?); superl. Murkiest.] [OE. mirke, merke, AS. myrce, mirce; akin to Icel. myrkr, Dan. & Sw. m\'94rk.] Dark; obscure; gloomy. "The murkiest den." Shak.
A murky deep lowering o'er our heads. Addison.

Murlins

Mur"lins (?), n. (Bot.) A seaweed. See Baddrelocks.

Murmur

Mur"mur (?), n. [F. murmure: cf. L. murmur. CF. Murmur, v. i.]

1. A low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water.

2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice. Chaucer.

Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs. Dryden.

Murmur

Mur"mur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Murmured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Murmuring.] [F. murmurer, L. murmurare, murmurari, fr. murmur murmur; cf. Gr.marmara a rustling sound; prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, distant waves, or the wind in a forest.

They murmured as doth a swarm of bees. Chaucer.

2. To utter complaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to feel or express dissatisfaction or discontent; to grumble; -- often with at or against. "His disciples murmured at it." John vi. 61.

And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron. Num. xiv. 2.
Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured. 1 Cor. x. 10.

Murmur

Mur"mur, v. t. To utter or give forth in low or indistinct words or sounds; as, to murmur tales. Shak.
The people murmured such things concerning him. John vii. 32.

Murmuration

Mur`mur*a"tion (?), n. [L. murmuratio.] The act of murmuring; a murmur. [Obs.] Skelton.

Murmurer

Mur"mur*er (?), n. One who murmurs.

Murmuring

Mur"mur*ing, a. & n. Uttering murmurs; making low sounds; complaining. -- Mur"mur*ing*ly, adv.

Murmurous

Mur"mur*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. murmuriosus, OF. murmuros.] Attended with murmurs; exciting murmurs or complaint; murmuring. [Archaic or Poetic]
The lime, a summer home of murmurous wings. Tennyson.

Murnival

Mur"ni*val (?), n. [Perh. fr. F. mornifle a game at cards.] In the game of gleek, four cards of the same value, as four aces or four kings; hence, four of anything. [Obs.] [Written also mournival.]

Murphy

Mur"phy (?), n. A potato. [Humorous] Thackeray.

Murr

Murr (?), n. [Prob. abbrev. from murrain.] A catarrh. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Murrain

Mur"rain (?), n. [OE. moreine, OF. morine, fr. OF. morir, murir, 8die, L. mori, moriri.] (Far.) An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Bacon. A murrain on you, may you be afflicted with a pestilent disease. Shak.

Murrain

Mur"rain, a. Having, or afflicted with, murrain.

Murrayin

Mur"ray*in (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the flowers of a plant (Murraya exotica) of South Asia, and extracted as a white amorphous slightly bitter substance.

Murre

Murre (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of sea birds of the genus Uria, or Catarractes; a guillemot. &hand; The murres are allied to the auks, and are abundant on the northern coasts of Europe and America. They often breed in large communities on the projecting ledges of precipituous cliffs, laying one or two large eggs on the bare rocks.

Murrelet

Murre"let (?), n. [Murre + -let.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genera Synthliboramphus and Brachyramphus, inhabiting the North Pacific. They are closely related to the murres.

Murrey

Mur"rey (?), n. [OF. mor\'82e a dark red color, mor blackish brown, fr. L. morum mulberry, blackberry, or fr. Maurus a Moor. Cf. Mulberry, Moor, Morelle.] A dark red color. -- a. Of a dark red color. Bacon.

Murrhine

Mur"rhine (?), a. [L. murrhinus, fr. murrha: cf. F. murrhin.] Made of the stone or material called by the Romans murrha; -- applied to certain costly vases of great beauty and delicacy used by the luxurious in Rome as wine cups; as, murrhine vases, cups, vessels. Murrhine glass, glassware made in imitation of murrhine vases and cups.

Murrion

Mur"ri*on (?), a. [See Murrain.] Infected with or killed by murrain. [Obs.] Shak.

Murrion

Mur"ri*on, n. A morion. See Morion.

Murry

Mur"ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Mur\'91na.

Murth

Murth (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Plenty; abundance. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Murther

Mur"ther (?), n. & v. Murder, n. & v. [Obs. or Prov.] "The treason of the murthering." Chaucer.

Murtherer

Mur"ther*er (?), n. A murderer. [Obs. or Prov.]

Murza

Mur"za (?), n. One of the hereditary nobility among the Tatars, esp. one of the second class. &hand; This word must not be confounded with the Persian Mirza, though perhaps of the same origin.

Mus

Mus (?), n.; pl. Mures (#). [L., a mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small rodents, including the common mouse and rat.

Musa

Mu"sa (?), n.; pl. Mus\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Ar. mauz, mauza, banana.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial, herbaceous, endogenous plants of great size, including the banana (Musa sapientum), the plantain (M. paradisiaca of Linn\'91us, but probably not a distinct species), the Abyssinian (M. Ensete), the Philippine Island (M. textilis, which yields Manila hemp), and about eighteen other species. See Illust. of Banana and Plantain.

Musaceous

Mu*sa"ceous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the genus Musa.

Musal

Mus"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Muses, or to Poetry. [R.]

Musang

Mu*sang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small animal of Java (Paradoxirus fasciatus), allied to the civets. It swallows, but does not digest, large quantities of ripe coffee berries, thus serving to disseminate the coffee plant; hence it is called also coffee rat.

Musar

Mu"sar (?), n. An itinerant player on the musette, an instrument formerly common in Europe.

Musard

Mu"sard (?), n. [F., fr. muser to loiter, trifle. See Muse, v. i.] A dreamer; an absent-minded person. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Musca

Mus"ca (?), n.; pl. Musc\'91 (#). [L., a fly.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of dipterous insects, including the common house fly, and numerous allied species. &hand; Formerly, a large part of the Diptera were included under the genus Musca.

2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated between the Southern Cross and the Pole. Musc\'91 volitantes (. [L., flying flies.] (Med.) Specks or filaments apparently seen moving or glinding about in the field of vision. Their appearance is often a symptom of disease of the eye, or of disorder of the nervous system.

Muscadel

Mus"ca*del` (?), n. [It. moscadello, moscatello, LL. muscatellum or muscadellum (sc. vinum), fr. muscatellus nutmeglike, dim. of muscatus smelling like musk, muscatum and muscata (sc. nux) nutmeg: cf. F. muscadelle, fr. Italian. See Musk and cf. Moschatel, Muscardin, Muscat, Nutmeg.] See Muscatel, n.
Quaffed off the muscadel. Shak.

Muscadine

Mus"ca*dine (?), n. [See Muscadel.]

1. (Bot.) A name given to several very different kinds of grapes, but in America used chiefly for the scuppernong, or southern fox grape, which is said to be the parent stock of the Catawba. See Grapevine.

2. (Bot.) A fragrant and delicious pear.

3. (Zo\'94l.) See Muscardin. Northern muscadine (Bot.), a derivative of the northern fox grape, and scarcely an improvement upon it. -- Royal muscadine (Bot.), a European grape of great value. Its berries are large, round, and of a pale amber color. Called also golden chasselas.

Muscales

Mus*ca"les (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. muscus moss.] (Bot.) An old name for mosses in the widest sense, including the true mosses and also hepatic\'91 and sphagna.

Muscallonge

Mus"cal*longe (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Muskellunge.

Muscardin

Mus"car*din (?), n. [F., fr. muscadin a musk-scented lozenge, fr. muscade nutmeg, fr. L. muscus musk. See Muscadel.] (Zo\'94l.) The common European dormouse; -- so named from its odor. [Written also muscadine.]

Muscardine

Mus`car*dine" (?), n. [F.] A disease which is very destructive to silkworms, and which sometimes extends to other insects. It is attended by the development of a fungus (provisionally called Botrytis bassiana). Also, the fungus itself.

Muscariform

Mus*car"i*form (?), a. [L. muscarium fly brush + -form.] Having the form of a brush.

Muscarin

Mus*ca"rin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A solid crystalline substance, C5H13NO2, found in the toadstool (Agaricus muscarius), and in putrid fish. It is a typical ptomaine, and a violent poison.

Muscat

Mus"cat (?), n. [F. See Muscadel.] (Bot.) A name given to several varieties of Old World grapes, differing in color, size, etc., but all having a somewhat musky flavor. The muscat of Alexandria is a large oval grape of a pale amber color. [Written also muskat.]

Muscatel

Mus"ca*tel` (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or designating, or derived from, a muscat grapes or similar grapes; a muscatel grapes; muscatel wine, etc.

Muscatel

Mus"ca*tel`, n.

1. A common name for several varieties of rich sweet wine, made in Italy, Spain, and France.

2. pl. Finest raisins, dried on the vine; "sun raisins." [Variously written moscatel, muscadel, etc.]

Muschelkalk

Musch"el*kalk` (?), n. [G., from muschel shell + kalk limestone.] (Geol.) A kind of shell limestone, whose strata form the middle one of the three divisions of the Triassic formation in Germany. See Chart, under Geology.

Musci

Mus"ci (?), n. pl. [L. muscus moss.] (Bot.) An order or subclass of cryptogamous plants; the mosses. See Moss, and Cryptogamia.

Muscicapine

Mus*cic"a*pine (?), a. [L. musca a fly + capere to catch.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Muscicapid\'91, a family of birds that includes the true flycatchers.

Muscid

Mus"cid (?), n. Any fly of the genus Musca, or family Muscid\'91.

Musciform

Mus"ci*form (?), a. [Musca + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form or structure of flies of the genus Musca, or family Muscid\'91.

Musciform

Mus"ci*form, a. [Muscus + -form.] (Bot.) Having the appearance or form of a moss.

Muscle

Mus"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. musculus a muscle, a little mouse, dim. of mus a mouse. See Mouse, and cf. sense 3 (below).]

1. (Anat.) (a) An organ which, by its contraction, produces motion. See Illust. of Muscles of the Human Body, in Appendix. (b) The contractile tissue of which muscles are largely made up. &hand; Muscles are of two kinds, striated and nonstriated. The striated muscles, which, in most of the higher animals, constitute the principal part of the flesh, exclusive of the fat, are mostly under the control of the will, or voluntary, and are made up of great numbers of elongated fibres bound together into bundles and inclosed in a sheath of connective tissue, the perimysium. Each fiber is inclosed in a delicate membrane (the sarcolemma), is made up of alternate segments of lighter and darker material which give it a transversely striated appearance, and contains, scattered through its substance, protoplasmic nuclei, the so-called muscle corpuscles. The nonstriated muscles are involuntary. They constitute a large part of the walls of the alimentary canal, blood vessels, uterus, and bladder, and are found also in the iris, skin, etc. They are made up of greatly elongated cells, usually grouped in bundles or sheets.

2. Muscular strength or development; as, to show one's muscle by lifting a heavy weight. [Colloq.]

3. [AS. muscle, L. musculus a muscle, mussel. See above.] (Zo\'94l.) See Mussel. Muscle curve (Physiol.), contraction curve of a muscle; a myogram; the curve inscribed, upon a prepared surface, by means of a myograph when acted upon by a contracting muscle. The character of the curve represents the extent of the contraction.

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Muscled

Mus"cled (?), a. Furnished with muscles; having muscles; as, things well muscled.

Muscling

Mus"cling (?), n. (Fine Arts) Exhibition or representation of the muscles. [R.]
A good piece, the painters say, must have good muscling, as well as coloring and drapery. Shaftesbury.

Muscogees

Mus*co"gees (?), n. pl. See Muskogees.

Muscoid

Mus"coid (?), a. [Muscus + -oid: cf. F. muscoide.] (Bot.) Mosslike; resembling moss.

Muscoid

Mus"coid, n. (Bot.) A term formerly applied to any mosslike flowerless plant, with a distinct stem, and often with leaves, but without any vascular system.

Muscology

Mus*col"o*gy (?), n. [Muscus + -logy.] Bryology.

Muscosity

Mus*cos"i*ty (?), n. [L. muscosus mossy, fr. muscus moss.] Mossiness. Jonhson.

Muscovado

Mus`co*va"do (?), a. [Corrupted fr. Sp. mascabado; cf. Pg. mascavado, F. moscouade, n., formerly also mascovade, It. mascavato.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, unrefined or raw sugar, obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporating and draining off the molasses. Muscovado sugar contains impurities which render it dark colored and moist.

Muscovado

Mus`co*va"do, n. Unrefined or raw sugar.

Muscovite

Mus"co*vite (?), n. [See Muscovy glass.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Muscovy or ancient Russia; hence, a Russian.

2. (Min.) Common potash mica. See Mica.

Muscovy duck

Mus"co*vy duck` (?). [A corruption of musk duck.] (Zo\'94l.) A duck (Cairina moschata), larger than the common duck, often raised in poultry yards. Called also musk duck. It is native of tropical America, from Mexico to Southern Brazil.

Muscovy glass

Mus"co*vy glass` (?). [From Muscovy, the old name of Russia: cf. F. verre de Moscovie.] Mica; muscovite. See Mica.

Muscular

Mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. musculaire. See Muscle.]

1. Of or pertaining to a muscle, or to a system of muscles; consisting of, or constituting, a muscle or muscles; as, muscular fiber.

Great muscular strength, accompanied by much awkwardness. Macaulay.

2. Performed by, or dependent on, a muscle or the muscles. "The muscular motion." Arbuthnot.

3. Well furnished with muscles; having well-developed muscles; brawny; hence, strong; powerful; vigorous; as, a muscular body or arm. Muscular Christian, one who believes in a part of religious duty to maintain a healthful and vigorous physical state. T. Hughes. -- Muscular CHristianity. (a) The practice and opinion of those Christians who believe that it is a part of religious duty to maintain a vigorous condition of the body, and who therefore approve of athletic sports and exercises as conductive to good health, good morals, and right feelings in religious matters. T. Hughes. (b) An active, robust, and cheerful Christian life, as opposed to a meditative and gloomy one. C. Kingsley. -- Muscular excitability (Physiol.), that property in virtue of which a muscle shortens, when it is stimulated; irritability. -- Muscular sense (Physiol.), muscular sensibility; the sense by which we obtain knowledge of the condition of our muscles and to what extent they are contracted, also of the position of the various parts of our bodies and the resistance offering by external objects.

Muscularity

Mus`cu*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being muscular. Grew.

Muscularize

Mus"cu*lar*ize (?), v. t. To make muscular. Lowell.

Muscularly

Mus"cu*lar*ly, adv. In a muscular manner.

Musculation

Mus`cu*la"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The muscular system of an animal, or of any of its parts.

Musculature

Mus"cu*la*ture (?), n. [Cf. F. musculature.] (Anat.) Musculation.

Muscule

Mus"cule (?), n. [L. musculus: cf. F. muscule.] (Mil.) A long movable shed used by besiegers in ancient times in attacking the walls of a fortified town.

Musculin

Mus"cu*lin (?), n. [L. musculus a muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Syntonin.

Musculocutaneous

Mus`cu*lo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. musculus + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.) Pertaining both to muscles and skin; as, the musculocutaneous nerve.

Musculophrenic

Mus`cu*lo*phren"ic (?), a. [L. musculus muscle + E. phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the muscles and the diaphragm; as, the musculophrenic artery.

Musculosity

Mus`cu*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being musculous; muscularity. [Obs.]

Musculospiral

Mus`cu*lo*spi"ral (?), a. [L. musculus muscle + E. spiral.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the muscles, and taking a spiral course; -- applied esp. to a large nerve of the arm.

Musculous

Mus"cu*lous (?), a. [L. musculosus: cf. F. musculeux.] Muscular. [Obs.] Jonhson.

Muse

Muse (?), n. [From F. musse. See Muset.] A gap or hole in a hedge, hence, wall, or the like, through which a wild animal is accustomed to pass; a muset.
Find a hare without a muse. Old Prov.

Muse

Muse, n. [F. Muse, L. Musa, Gr. Mosaic, n., Music.]

1. (Class. Myth.) One of the nine goddesses who presided over song and the different kinds of poetry, and also the arts and sciences; -- often used in the plural.

Granville commands; your aid, O Muses, bring: What Muse for Granville can refuse to sing? Pope.
&hand; The names of the Muses were Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polymnia or Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania.

2. A particular power and practice of poetry. Shak.

3. A poet; a bard. [R.] Milton.

Muse

Muse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Musing.] [F. muser to loiter or trifle, orig., to stand with open mouth, fr. LL. musus, morsus, muzzle, snout, fr. L. morsus a biting, bite, fr. mordere to bite. See Morsel, and cf. Amuse, Muzzle, n.]

1. To think closely; to study in silence; to meditate. "Thereon mused he." Chaucer.

He mused upon some dangerous plot. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To be absent in mind; to be so occupied in study or contemplation as not to observe passing scenes or things present; to be in a brown study. Daniel.

3. To wonder. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson. Syn. -- To consider; meditate; ruminate. See Ponder.

Muse

Muse, v. t.

1. To think on; to meditate on.

Come, then, expressive Silence, muse his praise. Thomson.

2. To wonder at. [Obs.] Shak.

Muse

Muse, n.

1. Contemplation which abstracts the mind from passing scenes; absorbing thought; hence, absence of mind; a brown study. Milton.

2. Wonder, or admiration. [Obs.] Spenser.

Museful

Muse"ful (?), a. Meditative; thoughtfully silent. "Museful mopings." Dryden. -- Muse"ful*ly, adv.

Museless

Muse"less, a. Unregardful of the Muses; disregarding the power of poetry; unpoetical. Milton.

Muser

Mus"er (?), n. One who muses.

Muset

Mu"set (?), n. [OF. mussette, dim. of musse, muce, a hiding place, fr. F. musser, OF. mucier, muchier, to conceal, hide. Cf. Micher.] A small hole or gap through which a wild animal passes; a muse. Shak.

Musette

Mu*sette" (?), n. [F., dim. of OF. muse.]

1. A small bagpipe formerly in use, having a soft and sweet tone.

2. An air adapted to this instrument; also, a kind of rustic dance.

Museum

Mu*se"um (?), n. [L., a temple of the Muses, hence, a place of study, fr. Gr. A repository or a collection of natural, scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art. Museum beetle, Museum pest. (Zo\'94l.) See Anthrenus.

Mush

Mush (?), n. [Cf. Gael. mus, muss, pap, porridge, any thick preparation of fruit, OHG. muos; akin to AS. & OS. m\'d3s food, and prob, to E. meat. See Meat.] Meal (esp. Indian meal) boiled in water; hasty pudding; supawn. [U.S.]

Mush

Mush, v. t. [Cf. F. moucheter to cut with small cuts.] To notch, cut, or indent, as cloth, with a stamp.

Mushroom

Mush"room (?), n. [OE. muscheron, OF. mouscheron, F. mousseron; perhaps fr. mousse moss, of German origin. See Moss.]

1. (Bot.) (a) An edible fungus (Agaricus campestris), having a white stalk which bears a convex or oven flattish expanded portion called the pileus. This is whitish and silky or somewhat scaly above, and bears on the under side radiating gills which are at first flesh-colored, but gradually become brown. The plant grows in rich pastures and is proverbial for rapidity of growth and shortness of duration. It has a pleasant smell, and is largely used as food. It is also cultivated from spawn. (b) Any large fungus, especially one of the genus Agaricus; a toadstool. Several species are edible; but many are very poisonous. <-- (b) any fungus developing a visible fruiting body with a stem and cap, usu. of the basidiomycetes. -- a term used most often for edible varieties -->

2. One who rises suddenly from a low condition in life; an upstart. Bacon.

Mushroom

Mush"room, a.

1. Of or pertaining to mushrooms; as, mushroom catchup.

2. Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth and shortness of duration; short-lived; ephemerial; as, mushroom cities. Mushroom anchor, an anchor shaped like a mushroom, capable of grasping the ground in whatever way it falls. -- Mushroom coral (Zo\'94l.), any coral of the genus Fungia. See Fungia. -- Mushroom spawn (Bot.), the mycelium, or primary filamentous growth, of the mushroom; also, cakes of earth and manure containing this growth, which are used for propagation of the mushroom.<-- mushroom cloud, a cloud of smoke rising and then spreading laterally to take on the shape of a mushroom -- caused by large fires or explosions, esp. nuclear explosions --> <-- mushroom v. to grow or expand rapidly. mushroom into -- to grow so much and so rapidly as to change qualitatively -->

Mushroom-headed

Mush"room-head`ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a cylindrical body with a convex head of larger diameter; having a head like that of a mushroom.

Mushy

Mush"y (?), a. Soft like mush; figuratively, good-naturedly weak and effusive; weakly sentimental.
She 's not mushy, but her heart is tender. G. Eliot.

Music

Mu"sic (?), n. [F. musique, fr. L. musica, Gr.

1. The science and the art of tones, or musical sounds, i.e., sounds of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and synchronous vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of tension; the science of harmonical tones which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependences, and relations of tones to each other; the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear. &hand; Not all sounds are tones. Sounds may be unmusical and yet please the ear. Music deals with tones, and with no other sounds. See Tone.

2. (a) Melody; a rhythmical and otherwise agreeable succession of tones. (b) Harmony; an accordant combination of simultaneous tones.

3. The written and printed notation of a musical composition; the score.

4. Love of music; capacity of enjoying music.

The man that hath ni music in himself Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A more or less musical sound made by many of the lower animals. See Stridulation. Magic music, a game in which a person is guided in finding a hidden article, or in doing a specific art required, by music which is made more loud or rapid as he approaches success, and slower as he recedes. Tennyson.<-- like hot and cold --> -- Music box. See Musical box, under Musical. -- Music hall, a place for public musical entertainments. -- Music loft, a gallery for musicians, as in a dancing room or a church. -- Music of the spheres, the harmony supposed to be produced by the accordant movement of the celestial spheres. -- Music paper, paper ruled with the musical staff, for the use of composers and copyists. -- Music pen, a pen for ruling at one time the five lines of the musical staff. -- Music shell (Zo\'94l.), a handsomely colored marine gastropod shell (Voluta musica) found in the East Indies; -- so called because the color markings often resemble printed music. Sometimes applied to other shells similarly marked. -- To face the music, to meet any disagreeable necessity without flinching. [Colloq. or Slang]<-- esp. reprimand for an error or misdeed -->

Musical

Mu"sic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. musical.] Of or pertaining to music; having the qualities of music; or the power of producing music; devoted to music; melodious; harmonious; as, musical proportion; a musical voice; musical instruments; a musical sentence; musical persons. Musical, ∨ Music, box, a box or case containing apparatus moved by clockwork so as to play certain tunes automatically. -- Musical fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish which utters sounds under water, as the drumfish, grunt, gizzard shad, etc. -- Musical glasses, glass goblets or bowls so tuned and arranged that when struck, or rubbed, they produce musical notes. CF. Harmonica, 1.

Musical

Mu"sic*al, n.

1. Music. [Obs.]

To fetch home May with their musical. Spenser.

2. A social entertainment of which music is the leading feature; a musical party. [Colloq.] <-- 3. A drama in which music and song are prominent features = musical drama, musical play -->

Musicale

Mu`si`cale" (?), n. [F. Cf. Soir\'82e musicale.] A social musical party. [Colloq.]

Musically

Mu"sic*al*ly (?), adv. In a musical manner.

Musicalness

Mu"sic*al*ness, n. The quality of being musical.

Musician

Mu*si"cian (?), n. [F. musicien.] One skilled in the art or science of music; esp., a skilled singer, or performer on a musical instrument.

Musicomania

Mu`si*co*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Music + mania: cf. F. musicomanie.] (Med.) A kind of monomania in which the passion for music becomes so strong as to derange the intellectual faculties. Dunglison.

Musimon

Mus"i*mon (?), n. [See Musmon.] (Zo\'94l.) See Mouflon.

Musingly

Mus"ing*ly (?), adv. In a musing manner.

Musit

Mu"sit (?), n. See Muset.

Musk

Musk (?), n. [F. musc, L. muscus, Per. musk, fr. Skr. mushka testicle, orig., a little mouse. See Mouse, and cd. Abelmosk, Muscadel, Muscovy duck, Nutmeg.]

1. A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of the consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind the navel of the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter taste, but is specially remarkable for its powerful and enduring odor. It is used in medicine as a stimulant antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions of various other animals, having a similar odor.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The musk deer. See Musk deer (below).

3. The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat similar.

4. (Bot.) (a) The musk plant (Mimulus moschatus). (b) A plant of the genus Erodium (E. moschatum); -- called also musky heron's-bill. (c) A plant of the genus Muscari; grape hyacinth. Musk beaver (Zo\'94l.), muskrat (1). -- Musk beetle (Zo\'94l.), a European longicorn beetle (Aromia moschata), having an agreeable odor resembling that of attar of roses. -- Musk cat. See Bondar. -- Musk cattle (Zo\'94l.), musk oxen. See Musk ox (below). -- Musk deer (Zo\'94l.), a small hornless deer (Moschus moschiferus), which inhabits the elevated parts of Central Asia. The upper canine teeth of the male are developed into sharp tusks, curved downward. The male has scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish below. The pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil and napu. -- Musk duck. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The Muscovy duck. (b) An Australian duck (Biziura lobata). -- Musk lorikeet (Zo\'94l.), the Pacific lorikeet (Glossopsitta australis) of Australia. -- Musk mallow (Bot.), a name of two malvaceous plants: (a) A species of mallow (Malva moschata), the foliage of which has a faint musky smell. (b) An Asiatic shrub. See Abelmosk. -- Musk orchis (Bot.), a European plant of the Orchis family (Herminium Minorchis); -- so called from its peculiar scent. -- Musk ox (Zo\'94l.), an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant (Ovibos moschatus), now existing only in America, but found fossil in Europe and Asia. It is covered with a thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and with long dark hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred pounds. -- Musk parakeet. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Musk lorikeet (above). -- Musk pear (Bot.), a fragrant kind of pear much resembling the Seckel pear. -- Musk plant (Bot.), the Mimulus moschatus, a plant found in Western North America, often cultivated, and having a strong musky odor. -- Musk root (Bot.), the name of several roots with a strong odor, as that of the nard (Nardostachys Jatamansi) and of a species of Angelica. -- Musk rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa moschata), having peculiarly fragrant white blossoms. -- Musk seed (Bot.), the seed of a plant of the Mallow family (Hibiscus moschatus), used in perfumery and in flavoring. See Abelmosk. -- Musk sheep (Zo\'94l.), the musk ox. -- Musk shrew (Zo\'94l.), a shrew (Sorex murinus), found in India. It has a powerful odor of musk. Called also sondeli, and mondjourou. -- Musk thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Carduus nutans), having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling strongly of musk. -- Musk tortoise, Musk turtle (Zo\'94l.), a small American fresh-water tortoise (Armochelys, ∨ Ozotheca, odorata), which has a distinct odor of musk; -- called also stinkpot.

Page 957

Musk

Musk (?), v. t. To perfume with musk.

Muskadel

Mus"ka*del` (?), n. See Muscadel.

Muskat

Mus"kat (?), n. See Muscat.

Muskellunge

Mus"kel*lunge (?), n. [From the Amer. Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large American pike (Esox nobilitor) found in the Great Lakes, and other Northern lakes, and in the St. Lawrence River. It is valued as a food fish. [Written also maskallonge, maskinonge, muskallonge, muskellonge, and muskelunjeh.]

Musket

Mus"ket (?), n. [F. mousquet, It. moschetto, formerly, a kind of hawk; cf. OF. mousket, moschet, a kind of hawk falcon, F. mouchet, prop., a little fly (the hawk prob. being named from its size), fr. L. musca a fly. Cf. Mosquito.] [Sometimes written also musquet.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The male of the sparrow hawk.

2. A species of firearm formerly carried by the infantry of an army. It was originally fired by means of a match, or matchlock, for which several mechanical appliances (including the flintlock, and finally the percussion lock) were successively substituted. This arm has been generally superseded by the rifle.<-- completely superseded -->

Musketeer

Mus`ket*eer" (?), n. [F. mousquetaire; cf. It. moschettiere.] A soldier armed with a musket.

Musketo

Mus*ke"to (?), n. See Mosquito.

Musketoon

Mus`ket*oon" (?), n. [F. mousqueton; cf. It. moschettone.]

1. A short musket.

2. One who is armed with such a musket.

Musketry

Mus"ket*ry (?), n. [F. mousqueterie; cf. It. moschetteria.]

1. Muskets, collectively.

2. The fire of muskets. Motley.

Muskiness

Musk"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being musky; the scent of musk.

Muskmelon

Musk"mel`on (?), n. [Musk + melon.] (Bot.) The fruit of a cucubritaceous plant (Cicumis Melo), having a peculiar aromatic flavor, and cultivated in many varieties, the principal sorts being the cantaloupe, of oval form and yellowish flesh, and the smaller nutmeg melon with greenish flesh. See Illust. of Melon.

Muskogees

Mus*ko"gees (?), n. pl.; sing. Muskogee (. (Ethnol.) A powerful tribe of North American Indians that formerly occupied the region of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. They constituted a large part of the Creek confederacy. [Written also Muscogees.]

Muskrat

Musk"rat` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent (Fiber zibethicus). It resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but the tail is compressed, the bind feet are webbed, and the ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called also musquash, musk beaver, and ondatra.<-- and sometimes water rat -->

2. (Zo\'94l.) The musk shrew.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The desman.

Muskwood

Musk"wood` (?), n. [So called from its fragrance.] (Bot.) (a) The wood of a West Indian tree of the Mahogany family (Moschoxylum Swartzii). (b) The wood of an Australian tree (Eurybia argophylla).

Musky

Musk"y (?), a. Having an odor of musk, or somewhat the like. Milton.

Muslim

Mus"lim (?), n. See Moslem.

Muslin

Mus"lin (?), n. [F. mousseline; cf. It. mussolino, mussolo, Sp. muselina; all from Mussoul a city of Mesopotamia, Ar. Mausil, Syr. Mauzol, Muzol, Mosul, where it was first manufactured. Cf. Mull a kind of cloth.] A thin cotton, white, dyed, or printed. The name is also applied to coarser and heavier cotton goods; as, shirting and sheeting muslins. Muslin cambric. See Cambric. -- Muslin delaine, a light woolen fabric for women's dresses. See Delaine. [Written also mousseline de laine.]

Muslinet

Mus`lin*et" (?), n. [F. mousselinette.] A sort of coarse or light cotton cloth.

Musmon

Mus"mon (?), n. [L. musmo, musimo, a Sardinian animal; cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Mouflon.

Musomania

Mu`so*ma"ni*a (?), n. See Musicomania.

Musquash

Mus"quash (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) See Muskrat. Musquash root (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Cicuta maculata), having a poisonous root. See Water hemlock.

Musquaw

Mus"quaw (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The American black bear. See Bear.

Musquet

Mus"quet (?), n. See Musket.

Musquito

Mus*qui"to (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Mosquito.

Musrole, Musrol

Mus"role, Mus"rol (?), n. [F. muserolle, fr. muserau a muzzle, OF. musel. See Muzzle.] The nose band of a horse's bridle.

Muss

Muss (?), n. [Cf. OF. mousche a fly, also, the play called muss, fr. L. musca a fly.] A scramble, as when small objects are thrown down, to be taken by those who can seize them; a confused struggle. Shak.

Muss

Muss, n. A state of confusion or disorder; -- prob. variant of mess, but influenced by muss, a scramble. [Colloq. U.S.]

Muss

Muss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mussing.] To disarrange, as clothing; to rumple. [Colloq. U.S.] <-- often used with up = muss up -->

Muss

Muss, n. [Cf. OE. mus a mouse. See Mouse.] A term of endearment. [Obs.] See Mouse. B. Jonson.

Mussel

Mus"sel (?), n. [See Muscle, 3.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Mytilus, and related genera, of the family Mytid\'91. The common mussel (Mytilus edulis; see Illust. under Byssus), and the larger, or horse, mussel (Modiola modiolus), inhabiting the shores both of Europe and America, are edible. The former is extensively used as food in Europe.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Unio, and related fresh-water genera; -- called also river mussel. See Naiad, and Unio. Mussel digger (Zo\'94l.), the grayback whale. See Gray whale, under Gray.

Mussitation

Mus`si*ta"tion (?), n. [L. mussitatio suppression of the voice, fr. mussitare to be silent, to murmur.] A speaking in a low tone; mumbling. [Obs.]

Mussite

Mus"site (?), n. (Min.) A variety of pyroxene, from the Mussa Alp in Piedmont; diopside.

Mussulman

Mus"sul*man, n.; pl. Mussulmans (#). [Ar. muslim\'c6n, pl. of muslim: cf. F. & Sp. musulman. See Moslem.] A Mohammedan; a Moslem.

Mussulmanic

Mus`sul*man"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, the Mussulmans, or their customs: Mohammedan.

Mussulmanish

Mus"sul*man*ish (?), a. Mohammedan.

Mussulmanism

Mus"sul*man*ism (?), n. Mohammedanism.

Mussulmanly

Mus"sul*man*ly, adv. In the manner of Moslems.

Mussy

Muss"y (?), a. [From 2d Muss.] Disarranged; rumpled. [Colloq. U.S.]

Must

Must (?), v. i. ∨ auxiliary. [OE. moste, a pret. generally meaning, could, was free to, pres. mot, moot, AS. m\'d3ste, pret. m\'d3t, pres.; akin to D. moetan to be obliged, OS. m\'d3tan to be free, to be obliged, OHG. muozan, G. m\'81ssen to be obliged, Sw. m\'86ste must, Goth. gam\'d3tan to have place, have room, to able; of unknown origin.]

1. To be obliged; to be necessitated; -- expressing either physical or moral necessity; as, a man must eat for nourishment; we must submit to the laws.

2. To be morally required; to be necessary or essential to a certain quality, character, end, or result; as, he must reconsider the matter; he must have been insane.

Likewise must the deacons be grave. 1 Tim. iii. 8.
Morover, he [a bishop] must have a good report of them which are without. 1 Tim. iii. 7.
&hand; The principal verb, if easy supplied by the mind, was formerly often omitted when must was used; as, I must away. "I must to Coventry." Shak.

Must

Must, n. [AS. must, fr. L. mustum (sc. vinum), from mustus young, new, fresh. Cf. Mustard.]

1. The expressed juice of the grape, or other fruit, before fermentation. "These men ben full of must." Wyclif (Acts ii. 13. ).

No fermenting must fills ... the deep vats. Longfellow.

2. [Cf. Musty.] Mustiness.

Must

Must, v. t. & i. To make musty; to become musty.

Mustac

Mus"tac (?), n. [F. moustac.] (Zo\'94l.) A small tufted monkey.

Mustache

Mus*tache" (?), n.; pl. Mustaches (. [Written also moustache.] [F. moustache, It. mostaccio visage, mostacchio mustache, fr. Gr. mostacho.]

1. That part of the beard which grows on the upper lip; hair left growing above the mouth.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A West African monkey (Cercopithecus cephus). It has yellow whiskers, and a triangular blue mark on the nose.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any conspicuous stripe of color on the side of the head, beneath the eye of a bird.

Mustacho

Mus*ta"cho (?), n.; pl. Mustachios (. A mustache. Longfellow.

Mustachoed

Mus*ta"choed (?), a. Having mustachios.

Mustaiba

Mus`ta*i"ba (?), n. A close-grained, neavy wood of a brownish color, brought from Brazil, and used in turning, for making the handles of tools, and the like. [Written also mostahiba.] MaElrath.

Mustang

Mus"tang (?), n. [Sp. muste\'a4o belonging to the graziers, strayed, wild.] (Zo\'94l.) The half-wild horse of the plains in Mexico, California, etc. It is small, hardy, and easily sustained. Mustard grape (Bot.), a species of grape (Vitis candicans), native in Arkansas and Texas. The berries are small, light-colored, with an acid skin and a sweet pulp.

Mustard

Mus"tard (?), n. [OF. moustarde, F. moutarde, fr. L. mustum must, -- mustard was prepared for use by being mixed with must. See Must, n.]

1. (Bot.) The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica (formerly Sinapis), as white mustard (B. alba), black mustard (B. Nigra), wild mustard or charlock (B. Sinapistrum). &hand; There are also many herbs of the same family which are called mustard, and have more or less of the flavor of the true mustard; as, bowyer's mustard (Lepidium ruderale); hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale); Mithridate mustard (Thlaspi arvense); tower mustard (Arabis perfoliata); treacle mustard (Erysimum cheiranthoides).

2. A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white mustard, used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken internally it is stimulant and diuretic, and in large doses is emetic. Mustard oil (Chem.), a substance obtained from mustard, as a transparent, volatile and intensely pungent oil. The name is also extended to a number of analogous compounds produced either naturally or artificially.

Mustee

Mus*tee" (?), n. See Mestee.

Musteline

Mus"te*line (?), a. [L. mustelinus, fr. mustela weasel.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the family Mustelid\'91, or the weasels and martens.

Muster

Mus"ter (?), n. [OE. moustre, OF. mostre, moustre, F. montre, LL. monstra. See Muster, v. t.]

1. Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [Obs.]

2. A show; a display. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service.

The hurried muster of the soldiers of liberty. Hawthorne.
See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton.

4. The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection; the whole number of effective men in an army.

And the muster was thirty thousands of men. Wyclif.
Ye publish the musters of your own bands, and proclaim them to amount of thousands. Hooker.

5. Any assemblage or display; a gathering.

Of the temporal grandees of the realm, mentof their wives and daughters, the muster was great and splendid. Macaulay.
Muster book, a book in which military forces are registred. -- Muster file, a muster roll. -- Muster master (Mil.), one who takes an account of troops, and of their equipment; a mustering officer; an inspector. [Eng.] -- Muster roll (Mil.), a list or register of all the men in a company, troop, or regiment, present or accounted for on the day of muster. -- To pass muster, to pass through a muster or inspection without censure.
Such excuses will not pass muster with God. South.

Muster

Mus"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mustered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mustering.] [OE. mustren, prop., to show, OF. mostrer, mustrer, moustrer, monstrer, F. montrer, fr. L. monstrare to show. See Monster.]

1. To collect and display; to assemble, as troops for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like. Spenser.

2. Hence: To summon together; to enroll in service; to get together. "Mustering all its force." Cowper.

All the gay feathers he could muster. L'Estrange.
To muster troops into service (Mil.), to inspect and enter troops on the muster roll of the army. -- To muster troops out of service (Mil.), to register them for final payment and discharge. -- To muster up, to gather up; to succeed in obtaining; to obtain with some effort or difficulty.
One of those who can muster up sufficient sprightliness to engage in a game of forfeits. Hazlitt.

Muster

Mus"ter, v. i. To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like; to come together as parts of a force or body; as, his supporters mustered in force. "The mustering squadron." Byron.

Mustily

Mus"ti*ly (?), a. In a musty state.

Mustiness

Mus"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being musty.

Musty

Mus"ty (?), a. [Compar. Mustier (?); superl. Mustiest.] [From L. mustum must; or perh. fr. E. moist. Cf. Must, n., Moist.]

1. Having the rank, pungent, offencive odor and taste which substances of organic origin acquire during warm, moist weather; foul or sour and fetid; moldy; as, musty corn; musty books. Harvey.

2. Spoiled by age; rank; stale.

The proverb is somewhat musty. Shak.

3. Dull; heavy; spiritless. "That he may not grow musty and unfit for conversation." Addison.

Mutability

Mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. mutabilitas: cf. F. mutabilit\'82.] The quality of being mutable, or subject to change or alteration, either in form, state, or essential character; susceptibility of change; changeableness; inconstancy; variation.
Plato confessed that the heavens and the frame of the world are corporeal, and therefore subject to mutability. Stillingfleet.

Mutable

Mu"ta*ble (?), a. [L. mutabilis, fr. mutare to change. See Move.]

1. Capable of alteration; subject to change; changeable in form, qualities, or nature.

Things of the most accidental and mutable nature. South.

2. Changeable; inconstant; unsettled; unstable; fickle. "Most mutable wishes." Byron. Syn. -- Changeable; alterable; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; inconstant; variable; fickle.

Mutableness

Mu"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being mutable.

Mutably

Mu"ta*bly, adv. Changeably.

Mutacism

Mu"ta*cism (?), n. See Mytacism.

Mutage

Mu"tage (?), n. [F.] A process for checking the fermentation of the must of grapes.
Page 958

Mutandum

Mu*tan"dum (?), n.; pl. Mutanda (#). [L., fr. mutare to change.] A thing which is to be changed; something which must be altered; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Mutation

Mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. mutatio, fr. mutare to change: cf. F. mutation. See Mutable.] Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.
The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are no fit matter for this present argument. Bacon.

Mutch

Mutch (?), n. [Cf. D. mutse a cap, G. m\'81tze. Cf. Amice a cape.] The close linen or muslin cap of an old woman. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Muchkin

Much"kin (?), n. A liquid measure equal to four gills, or an imperial pint. [Scot.]

Mute

Mute (?), v. t. [L. mutare to change. See Molt.] To cast off; to molt.
Have I muted all my feathers? Beau. & Fl.

Mute

Mute, v. t. & i. [F. mutir, \'82meutir, OF. esmeltir, fr. OD. smelten, prop., to melt. See Smelt.] To eject the contents of the bowels; -- said of birds. B. Jonson.

Mute

Mute, n. The dung of birds. Hudibras.

Mute

Mute, a. [L. mutus; cf. Gr. m bound, m dumb: cf. OE. muet, fr. F. muet, a dim. of OF. mu, L. mutus.]

1. Not speaking; uttering no sound; silent.

All the heavenly choir stood mute, And silence was in heaven. Milton.
&hand; In law a prisoner is said to stand mute, when, upon being arranged, he makes no answer, or does not plead directly, or will not put himself on trial.

2. Incapable of speaking; dumb. Dryden.

3. Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; -- said of certain letters. See 5th Mute, 2.

4. Not giving a ringing sound when struck; -- said of a metal. Mute swan (Zo\'94l.), a European wild white swan (Cygnus gibbus), which produces no loud notes.<-- in distinction from the Trumpeter swan --> Syn. -- Silent; dumb; speechless. -- Mute, Silent, Dumb. One is silent who does not speak; one is dumb who can not, for want of the proper organs; as, a dumb beast, etc.; and hence, figuratively, we speak of a person as struck dumb with astonishment, etc. One is mute who is held back from speaking by some special cause; as, he was mute through fear; mute astonishment, etc. Such is the case with most of those who never speak from childhood; they are not ordinarily dumb, but mute because they are deaf, and therefore never learn to talk; and hence their more appropriate name is deaf-mutes.

They spake not a word; But, like dumb statues, or breathing stones, Gazed each on other. Shak.
All sat mute, Pondering the danger with deep thoughts. Milton.

Mute

Mute, n.

1. One who does not speak, whether from physical inability, unwillingness, or other cause. Specifically: (a) One who, from deafness, either congenital or from early life, is unable to use articulate language; a deaf-mute. (b) A person employed by undertakers at a funeral. (c) A person whose part in a play does not require him to speak. (d) Among the Turks, an officer or attendant who is selected for his place because he can not speak.

2. (Phon.) A letter which represents no sound; a silent letter; also, a close articulation; an element of speech formed by a position of the mouth organs which stops the passage of the breath; as, p, b, d, k, t.

3. (Mus.) A little utensil made of brass, ivory, or other material, so formed that it can be fixed in an erect position on the bridge of a violin, or similar instrument, in order to deaden or soften the tone.

Mute-hill

Mute"-hill` (?), n. See Moot-hill. [Scot.]

Mutely

Mute"ly, adv. Without uttering words or sounds; in a mute manner; silently.

Muteness

Mute"ness, n. The quality or state of being mute; speechlessness.

Mutic, Muticous

Mu"tic (?), Mu"ti*cous (?), a. [L. muticus, for mutilus. See Mutilate.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Without a point or pointed process; blunt.

Mutilate

Mu"ti*late (?), a. [L. mutilatus, p.p. of mutilare to mutilate, fr. mutilus maimed; cf. Gr. Mutton.]

1. Deprived of, or having lost, an important part; mutilated. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having finlike appendages or flukes instead of legs, as a cetacean.

Mutilate

Mu"ti*late, n. (Zo\'94l.) A cetacean, or a sirenian.

Mutilate

Mu"ti*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mutilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mutilating (?).]

1. To cut off or remove a limb or essential part of; to maim; to cripple; to hack; as, to mutilate the body, a statue, etc.

2. To destroy or remove a material part of, so as to render imperfect; as, to mutilate the orations of Cicero.

Among the mutilated poets of antiquity, there is none whose fragments are so beautiful as those of Sappho. Addison.
Mutilated gear, Mutilated wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel from a portion of whose periphery the cogs are omitted. It is used for giving intermittent movements.

Mutilation

Mu`ti*la"tion (?), n. [L. mutilatio: cf. F. mutilation.] The act of mutilating, or the state of being mutilated; deprivation of a limb or of an essential part.

Mutilator

Mu"ti*la"tor (?), n. [Cf. F. mutilateur.] One who mutilates.

Mutilous

Mu"ti*lous (?), a. [L. mutilus. See Mutilate.] Mutilated; defective; imperfect. [Obs.]

Mutine

Mu"tine (?), n. [F. mutin.] A mutineer. [Obs.]

Mutine

Mu"tine, v. i. [F. mutiner.] To mutiny. [Obs.]

Mutineer

Mu"ti*neer` (?), n. [See Mutiny.] One guilty of mutiny.

Muting

Mut"ing (?), n. Dung of birds.

Mutinous

Mu"ti*nous (?), a. [See Mutiny.] Disposed to mutiny; in a state of mutiny; characterized by mutiny; seditious; insubordinate.
The city was becoming mutinous. Macaulay.
-- Mu"ti*nous*ly, adv. -- Mu"ti*nous*ness, n.

Mutiny

Mu"ti*ny (?), n.; pl. Mutinies (#). [From mutine to mutiny, fr. F. se mutiner, fr. F. mutin stubborn, mutinous, fr. OF. meute riot, LL. movita, fr. movitus, for L. motus, p.p. of movere to move. See Move.]

1. Insurrection against constituted authority, particularly military or naval authority; concerted revolt against the rules of discipline or the lawful commands of a superior officer; hence, generally, forcible resistance to rightful authority; insubordination.

In every mutiny against the discipline of the college, he was the ringleader. Macaulay.

2. Violent commotion; tumult; strife. [Obs.]

o raise a mutiny betwixt yourselves. Shak.
Mutiny act (Law), an English statute re\'89nacted annually to punish mutiny and desertion. Wharton. Syn. -- See Insurrection.

Mutiny

Mu"ti*ny, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mutinied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mutinying (?).]

1. To rise against, or refuse to obey, lawful authority in military or naval service; to excite, or to be guilty of, mutiny or mutinous conduct; to revolt against one's superior officer, or any rightful authority.

2. To fall into strifle; to quarrel. [Obs.] Shak.

Mutism

Mut"ism (?), n. The condition, state, or habit of being mute, or without speech. Max M\'81ller.

Mutter

Mut"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Muttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muttering.] [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. L. muttire, mutire.]

1. To utter words indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; esp., to utter indistinct complains or angry expressions; to grumble; to growl.

Wizards that peep, and that mutter. Is. viii. 19.
Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare, And mutter to himself. Dryden.

2. To sound with a low, rumbling noise.

Thick lightings flash, the muttering thunder rolls. Pope.

Mutter

Mut"ter, v. t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low voice; as, to mutter threats. Shak.

Mutter

Mut"ter, n. Repressing or obscure utterance.

Mutterer

Mut"ter*er (?), n. One who mutters.

Mutteringly

Mut"ter*ing*ly, adv. With a low voice and indistinct articulation; in a muttering manner.

Mutton

Mut"ton (?), n. [OE. motoun, OF. moton, molton, a sheep, wether, F. mouton, LL. multo, by transposition of l fr. L. mutilus mutilated. See Mutilate.]

1. A sheep. [Obs.] Chapman.

Not so much ground as will feed a mutton. Sir H. Sidney.
Muttons, beeves, and porkers are good old words for the living quadrupeds. Hallam.

2. The flesh of a sheep.

The fat of roasted mutton or beef. Swift.

3. A loose woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Mutton bird (Zo\'94l.), the Australian short-tailed petrel (Nectris brevicaudus). -- Mutton chop, a rib of mutton for broiling, with the end of the bone at the smaller part chopped off. -- Mutton fish (Zo\'94l.), the American eelpout. See Eelpout. -- Mutton fist, a big brawny fist or hand. [Colloq.] Dryden. -- Mutton monger, a pimp [Low & Obs.] Chapman. -- To return to one's muttons. [A translation of a phrase from a farce by De Brueys, revenons \'85 nos moutons let us return to our sheep.] To return to one's topic, subject of discussion, etc. [Humorous]

I willingly return to my muttons. H. R. Haweis.

Muttony

Mut"ton*y (?), a. Like mutton; having a flavor of mutton.

Mutual

Mu"tu*al (?), a. [F. mutuel, L. mutuus, orig., exchanged, borrowed, lent; akin to mutare to change. See Mutable.]

1. Reciprocally acting or related; reciprocally receiving and giving; reciprocally given and received; reciprocal; interchanged; as, a mutual love, advantage, assistance, aversion, etc.

Conspiracy and mutual promise. Sir T. More.
Happy in our mutual help, And mutual love. Milton.
A certain shyness on such subjects, which was mutual between the sisters. G. Eliot.

2. Possessed, experienced, or done by two or more persons or things at the same time; common; joint; as, mutual happiness; a mutual effort. Burke.

A vast accession of misery and woe from the mutual weeping, and wailing, and gnashing of teeth. Bentley.
&hand; This use of mutual as synonymous with common is inconsistent with the idea of interchange, or reciprocal relation, which properly belongs to it; but the word has been so used by many writers of high authority. The present tendency is toward a careful discrimination.
Mutual, as Johnson will tell us, means something reciprocal, a giving and taking. How could people have mutual ancestors? P. Harrison.
 Mutual insurance, agreement among a number of persons to insure each other against loss, as by fire, death, or accident. -- Mutual insurance company, one which does a business of insurance on the mutual principle, the policy holders sharing losses and profits pro rata. Syn. -- Reciprocal; interchanged; common.

Mutualism

Mu"tu*al*ism (?), n. (Ethics) The doctrine of mutual dependence as the condition of individual and social welfare. F. Harrison. H. Spencer. Mallock.

Mutuality

Mu`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. mutualit\'82.]

1. The quality of correlation; reciprocation; interchange; interaction; interdependence.

2. (Law) Reciprocity of consideration. Wharton.

Mutually

Mu"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a mutual manner.

Mutuary

Mu"tu*a*ry (?), n. [L. mutuarius mutual.See Mutuation.] (Law) One who borrows personal chattels which are to be consumed by him, and which he is to return or repay in kind. Bouvier.

Mutuation

Mu`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. mutuatio, fr. mutuare, mutuari, to borrow, fr. mutuus. See Mutual.] The act of borrowing or exchanging. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Mutule

Mu"tule (?), n. [F., fr. L. mutulus.] (Arch.) A projecting block worked under the corona of the Doric corice, in the same situation as the modillion of the Corinthian and Composite orders. See Illust. of Gutta. Oxf. Gloss.

Mux

Mux (?), n. [Cf. Mixen.] Dirt; filth; muck. [Prov. Eng.] ose.

Mux

Mux, v. t. To mix in an unitidy and offensive way; to make a mess of. [Prov. Eng.; Colloq. U.S.]

Muxy

Mux"y (?), a. Soft; sticky, and dirty. [Prov. Eng.] See Mucky.

Muzarab

Muz"a*rab (?), n. [Sp. mozarabe, fr. Ar. mosta'rib, a name applied to strange tribes living among the Arabs.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a denomination of Christians formerly living under the government of the Moors in Spain, and having a liturgy and ritual of their own. [Written also Mozarab, Mostarab.] Brande & C.

Muzarabic

Muz`a*rab"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Muzarabs; as, the Muzarabic liturgy. [Written also Mozarabic.]

Muzziness

Muz"zi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being muzzy.

Muzzle

Muz"zle (?), n. [OE. mosel, OF. musel, F. museau muzzle or snout, LL. musellus, fr. musus, morsus. See Muse, v. i., and cf. Morsel.]

1. The projecting mouth and nose of a quadruped, as of a horse; a snout.

2. The mouth of a thing; the end for entrance or discharge; as, the muzzle of a gun.

3. A fastening or covering (as a band or cage) for the mouth of an animal, to prevent eating or vicious biting.

With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound Dryden.
Muzzle sight. (Gun.) See Dispart, n., 2.

Muzzle

Muz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muzzling (?).] [F. museler.]

1. To bind the mouth of; to fasten the mouth of, so as to prevent biting or eating; hence, figuratively, to bind; to sheathe; to restrain from speech or action. "My dagger muzzled." Shak.

Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. Deut. xxv. 4.

2. To fondle with the closed mouth. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Muzzle

Muz"zle, v. i. To bring the mouth or muzzle near.
The bear muzzles and smels to him. L'Estrange.

Muzzle-loader

Muz"zle-load`er (?), n. A firearm which receives its charge through the muzzle, as distinguished from one which is loaded at the breech.

Muzzle-loading

Muz"zle-load`ing, a. Receiving its charge through the muzzle; as, a muzzle-loading rifle.

Muzzy

Muz"zy (?), a. [Cf. F. muse.] Absent-minded; dazed; muddled; stupid.
The whole company stared at me with a whimsical, muzzy look, like men whose senses were a little obfuscated by beer rather then wine. W. Irving.

My

My (?), a. & poss. pron. [OE. mi, fr. min. See Mine, and cf., for loss of n, A, a., An, a.] Of or belonging to me; -- used always attributively; as, my body; my book; -- mine is used in the predicate; as, the book is mine. See Mine.

Mya

My"a (?), n. [L. mya a kind of mussel.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of bivalve mollusks, including the common long, or soft-shelled, clam.

Myalgia

My*al"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism or neuralgia.

Myall wood

My*all" wood` (?). (Bot.) A durable, fragrant, and dark-colored Australian wood, used by the natives for spears. It is obtained from the small tree Acacia homolophylla.

Myaria

My*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of bivalve mollusks of which the common clam (Mya) is the type.

Mycelium

My*ce"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. my`khs a mushroom.] (Bot.) The white threads or filamentous growth from which a mushroom or fungus is developed; the so-called mushroom spawn. -- My*ce"li*al (#), a.

Myceloid

Myc"e*loid (?), a. [Mycelium + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling mycelium.

Mycetes

My*ce"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mykhth`s a bellower, fr. myka^sqai to bellow.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of South American monkeys, including the howlers. See Howler, 2, and Illust.

Mycetoid

Myc"e*toid (?), [Gr. my`khs, -htos, a fungus + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus.

Mycoderma

My`co*der"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. my`khs a fungus + de`rma skin.]

1. (Biol.) One of the forms in which bacteria group themselves; a more or less thick layer of motionless but living bacteria, formed by the bacteria uniting on the surface of the fluid in which they are developed. This production differs from the zo\'94l\'d2a stage of bacteria by not having the intermediary mucous substance.

2. A genus of micro\'94rganisms of which the acetic ferment (Mycoderma aceti), which converts alcoholic fluids into vinegar, is a representative. Cf. Mother.

Mycologic, Mycological

My`co*log"ic (?), My`co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to mycology, or the fungi.

Mycologist

My*col"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in, or who studies, mycology.

Mycology

My*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. my`khs fungus + -logy.] That branch of botanical science which relates to the musgrooms and other fungi.

Mycomelic

My`co*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. (spirious) mucus) + (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid of the alloxan group, obtained as a honey-yellow powder. Its solutions have a gelatinous consistency.

Mycoprotein

My`co*pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. (spirious) mucus) + E. protein.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic matter of which bacteria are composed.

Mycose

My"cose (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. Called also trehalose. [Written also mykose.]
Page 959

Mycothrix

Myc"o*thrix (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (spurious) mucus) + (Biol.) The chain of micrococci formed by the division of the micrococci in multiplication.

Mydaleine

My*da"le*ine (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic alkaloid (ptomaine) obtained from putrid flesh and from herring brines. As a poison it is said to execute profuse diarrh\'d2a, vomiting, and intestinal inflammation. Brieger.

Mydatoxin

Myd`a*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. toxic + in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous amido acid, C6H13NO2, separated by Brieger from decaying horseflesh. In physiological action, it is similar to curare.

Mydaus

Myd"a*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The teledu.

Mydriasis

My*dri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Physiol. & Med.) A long-continued or excessive dilatation of the pupil of the eye.

Mydriatic

Myd`ri*at"ic (?), a. Causing dilatation of the pupil. -- n. A mydriatic medicine or agent, as belladonna.

Myelencephala

My`e*len*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Myelencephalon.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Vertebrata.

Myelencephalic

My`e*len`ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the myelencephalon; cerebro-spinal.

Myelencephalon

My`e*len*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. encephalon.] (Anat.) (a) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; the neuron. Sometimes abbreviated to myelencephal. (b) The metencephalon. Huxley.

Myelencephalous

My`e*len*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the Myelencephala.

Myelin

My"e*lin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) (a) A soft white substance constituting the medullary sheats of nerve fibers, and composed mainly of cholesterin, lecithin, cerebrin, albumin, and some fat. (b) One of a group of phosphorized principles occurring in nerve tissue, both in the brain and nerve fibers.

Myelitis

My`e*li"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the spinal marrow or its membranes.

Myeloc\'d2le

My"e*lo*c\'d2le` (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The central canal of the spinal cord.

Myelogenic

My`e*lo*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Derived from, or pertaining to, the bone marrow.

Myeloid

My"e*loid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling marrow in appearance or consistency; as, a myeloid tumor.

Myeloidin

My`e*loid"in (?), n. [Myelin + -oid + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, present in the protoplasm of the retinal epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the substance (myelin) forming the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers.

Myelon

My"e*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The spinal cord. (Sometimes abbrev. to myel.)

Myelonal

My"e*lo`nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the myelon; as, the myelonal, or spinal, nerves.

Myeloneura

My`e*lo*neu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Vertebrata.

Myeloplax

My*el"o*plax (?), n.; pl. E. Myeloplaxes (#), L. Myeloplaces (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) One of the huge multinucleated cells found in the marrow of bone and occasionally in other parts; a giant cell. See Osteoclast.

Mygale

Myg"a*le (?), n. [L., a field mouse, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of very large hairy spiders having four lungs and only four spinnerets. They do not spin webs, but usually construct tubes in the earth, which are often furnished with a trapdoor. The South American bird spider (Mygale avicularia), and the crab spider, or matoutou (M. cancerides) are among the largest species. Some of the species are erroneously called tarantulas, as the Texas tarantula (M. Hentzii). <-- = the trapdoor spiders; they are of the family Ctenizidae -->

Mylodon

Myl"o*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of large slothlike American edentates, allied to Megatherium.

Mylohyoid

My`lo*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the lower jaw and the hyoid apparatus; as, the mylohyoid nerve.

Myna

My"na (?), n. [See Mino bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera Acridotheres, Sturnopastor, Sturnia, Gracula, and allied genera. In habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often caged and taught to talk. See Hill myna, under Hill, and Mino bird. [Spelt also mynah.]

Mynchen

Myn"chen (?), n. [AS. mynecen, fr. munec monk. See Monk.] A nun. [Obs.]

Mynchery

Myn"cher*y (?), n. A nunnery; -- a term still applied to the ruins of certain nunneries in England.

Mynheer

Myn*heer" (?), n. [D. mijnheer.] The Dutch equivalent of Mr. or Sir; hence, a Dutchman.

Myo-

My"o- (?). A combining form of Gr. muscle; as, myograph, myochrome.

Myocarditis

My`o*car*di"tis (?), n. [NL. see Myocardium.] (Med.) Inflammation of the myocardium.

Myocardium

My`o*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The main substance of the muscular wall of the heart inclosed between the epicardium and endocardium.

Myochrome

My"o*chrome (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. (Physiol.) A colored albuminous substance in the serum from red-colored muscles. It is identical with hemoglobin.

Myocomma

My`o*com"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Myocommata (#), E. Myocommas (#). [NL. See Myo-, and Comma.] (Anat.) A myotome.

Myodynamics

My`o*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Myo- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The department of physiology which deals with the principles of muscular contraction; the exercise of muscular force or contraction.

Myodynamiometer

My`o*dy*na`mi*om"e*ter (?), n. A myodynamometer.

Myodynamometer

My`o*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Myo- + E. dynamometer.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the muscular strength of man or of other animals; a dynamometer. Dunglison.

Myoepithelial

My`o*ep`i*the"li*al (?), a. [Myo- + epithelial.]

1. (Biol.) Derived from epithelial cells and destined to become a part of the muscular system; -- applied to structural elements in certain embryonic forms.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the characteristics of both muscle and epithelium; as, the myoepithelial cells of the hydra.

Myogalid

My*og"a*lid (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Myogalod\'91, a family of Insectivora, including the desman, and allied species.

Myogram

My"o*gram (?), n. [Myo- + -gram.] (Physiol.) See Muscle curve, under Muscle.

Myograph

My"o*graph (?), n. [Myo- + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for determining and recording the different phases, as the intensity, velocity, etc., of a muscular contraction.

Myographic, Myographical

My`o*graph"ic (?), My`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to myography.

Myography

My*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. myographie.] The description of muscles, including the study of muscular contraction by the aid of registering apparatus, as by some form of myograph; myology.

Myoh\'91matin

My`o*h\'91m"a*tin (?), n. [Myo- + h\'91matin.] (Physiol.) A red-colored respiratory pigment found associated with hemoglobin in the muscle tissue of a large number of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate.

Myoid

My"oid (?), a. [Myo- + -oid.] Composed of, or resembling, muscular fiber.

Myolemma

My`o*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Sarcolemma.

Myolin

My"o*lin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) The essential material of muscle fibers.

Myologic, Myological

My`o*log"ic (?), My`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to myology.

Myologist

My*ol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in myology.

Myology

My*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Myo- + -logy: cf. F. myologie.] That part of anatomy which treats of muscles.

Myoma

My*o"ma (?), n. [NL. See Myo-, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor consisting of muscular tissue.

Myomancy

My"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by the movements of mice.

Myomorph

My"o*morph (?), n. One of the Myomorpha.

Myomorpha

My`o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of rodents which includes the rats, mice, jerboas, and many allied forms.

Myopathia

My`o*pa*thi"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Any affection of the muscles or muscular system.

Myopathic

My`o*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to myopathia.

Myopathy

My*op"a*thy (?), n. Same as Myopathia.

Myope

My"ope (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. A person having myopy; a myops.

Myophan

My"o*phan (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A contractile striated layer found in the bodies and stems of certain Infusoria.

Myopia

My*o"pi*a (?), n. [NL. See Myope.] (Med.) Nearsightedness; shortsightedness; a condition of the eye in which the rays from distant object are brought to a focus before they reach the retina, and hence form an indistinct image; while the rays from very near objects are normally converged so as to produce a distinct image. It is corrected by the use of a concave lens.

Myopic

My*op"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or affected with, or characterized by, myopia; nearsighted. Myopic astigmatism, a condition in which the eye is affected with myopia in one meridian only.

Myips

My"ips (?), n. [NL.] See Myope.

Myopsis

My*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The appearance of musc\'91 volitantes. See Musc\'91 volitantes, under Musca.

Myopy

My"o*py (?), n. [F. myopie.] (Med.) Myopia.

Myosin

My"o*sin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous body present in dead muscle, being formed in the process of coagulation which takes place in rigor mortis; the clot formed in the coagulation of muscle plasma. See Muscle plasma, under Plasma. &hand; Myosin belongs to the group of globulins. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solution of salt, and is especially characterized by being completely precipitated by saturation of its solutions with salt.

Myosis

My*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Long-continued contraction of the pupil of the eye.

Myositic

My`o*sit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Myotic.

Myositis

My`o*si"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the muscles.

Myosotis

My`o*so"tis (?), n. [NL.; Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants. See Mouse-ear.

Myotic

My*ot"ic (?), a. [See Myosis.] (Med.) Producing myosis, or contraction of the pupil of the eye, as opium, calabar bean, etc. -- n. A myotic agent.

Myotome

My"o*tome (?), n. [See Myotomy.] (Anat.) (a) A muscular segment; one of the zones into which the muscles of the trunk, especially in fishes, are divided; a myocomma. (b) One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the protovertebr\'91; also, one of the protovertebr\'91 themselves. (c) The muscular system of one metamere of an articulate.

Myotomic

My`o*tom"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a myotome or myotomes.

Myotomy

My*ot"o*my (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. myotomie.] The dissection, or that part of anatomy which treats of the dissection, of muscles.

Myrcia

Myr"ci*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A large genus of tropical American trees and shrubs, nearly related to the true myrtles (Myrtus), from which they differ in having very few seeds in each berry.

Myria-

Myr"i*a- (?). [Gr. Myriad.] A prefix, esp. in the metric system, indicating ten thousand, ten thousand times; as, myriameter.

Myriacanthous

Myr`i*a*can"thous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having numerous spines, as certain fishes.

Myriad

Myr"i*ad (?), n. [Gr. myriade.]

1. The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things.

2. An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large number.

Myriad

Myr"i*ad, a. Consisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; as, myriad stars.

Myriagram, Myriagramme

Myr"i*a*gram, Myr"i*a*gramme (?), n. [F. myriagramme. See Myria-, and 3d Gram.] A metric weight, consisting of ten thousand grams or ten kilograms. It is equal to 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois.

Myrialiter, Myrialitre

Myr"i*a*li`ter, Myr"i*a*li`tre (?), n. [F. myrialitre. See Myria-, and Liter.] A metric measure of capacity, containing ten thousand liters. It is equal to 2641.7 wine gallons.

Myriameter, Myriametre

Myr"i*a*me`ter, Myr"i*a*me`tre (?), n. [F. myriam\'8atre. See Myria-, and Meter.] A metric measure of length, containing ten thousand meters. It is equal to 6.2137 miles.

Myriapod

Myr"i*a*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. myriapode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Myriapoda.

Myriapoda

Myr`i*ap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) A class, or subclass, of arthropods, related to the hexapod insects, from which they differ in having the body made up of numerous similar segments, nearly all of which bear true jointed legs. They have one pair of antenn\'91, three pairs of mouth organs, and numerous tracha\'91, similar to those of true insects. The larv\'91, when first hatched, often have but three pairs of legs. See Centiped, Galleyworm, Milliped. &hand; The existing Myriapoda are divided into three orders: Chilopoda, Chilognatha or Diplopoda, and Pauropoda (see these words in the Vocabulary). Large fossil species (very different from any living forms) are found in the Carboniferous formation.

Myriarch

Myr"i*arch (?), n. [Gr. A captain or commander of ten thousand men.

Myriare

Myr"i*are (?), n. [F. See Myria-, and 2d Are.] A measure of surface in the metric system containing ten thousand ares, or one million square meters. It is equal to about 247.1 acres.

Myrica

My*ri"ca (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A widely dispersed genus of shrubs and trees, usually with aromatic foliage. It includes the bayberry or wax myrtle, the sweet gale, and the North American sweet fern, so called.

Myricin

Myr"i*cin (?), n. [Cf. F. myricine. Prob. so called from a fancied resemblance to the wax of the bayberry (Myrica).] (Chem.) A silky, crystalline, waxy substance, forming the less soluble part of beeswax, and regarded as a palmitate of a higher alcohol of the paraffin series; -- called also myricyl alcohol.

Myricyl

Myr"i*cyl (?), n. [Myricin + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical regarded as the essential residue of myricin; -- called also melissyl.

Myriological

Myr`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a myriologue.

Myriologist

Myr`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who composes or sings a myriologue.

Myriologue

Myr"i*o*logue (?), n. [F. myriologue, myriologie, NGr. An extemporaneous funeral song, composed and sung by a woman on the death of a friend. [Modern Greece]

Myriophyllous

Myr`i*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having an indefinitely great or countless number of leaves.

Myriopoda

Myr`i*op"o*da (?), n. pl. See Myriapoda.

Myriorama

Myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. A picture made up of several smaller pictures, drawn upon separate pieces in such a manner as to admit of combination in many different ways, thus producing a great variety of scenes or landscapes.

Myrioscope

Myr"i*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] A form of kaleidoscope.
Page 960

Myristate

My*ris"tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of myristic acid.

Myristic

My*ris"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the nutmeg (Myristica). Specifically, designating an acid found in nutmeg oil and otoba fat, and extracted as a white crystalline waxy substance.

Myristin

My*ris"tin (?), n. (Chem.) The myristate of glycerin, -- found as a vegetable fat in nutmeg butter, etc.

Myristone

My*ris"tone (?), n. [Myristc + -one.] (Chem.) The ketone of myristic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Myrmicine

Myr"mi*cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Myrmica, a genus of ants including the small house ant (M. molesta), and many others.

Myrmidon

Myr"mi*don (?), n. [L. Myrmidones, Gr.

1. One of a fierce tribe or troop who accompained Achilles, their king, to the Trojan war.

2. A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes cruel orders of a superior without protest or pity; -- sometimes applied to bailiffs, constables, etc. Thackeray.

With unabated ardor the vindictive man of law and his myrmidons pressed forward. W. H. Ainsworth.

Myrmidonian

Myr`mi*do"ni*an (?), a. Consisting of, or like, myrmidons. Pope.

Myrmotherine

Myr`mo*the"rine (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Feeding upon ants; -- said of certain birds.

Myrobalan, Myrobolan

My*rob"a*lan (?), My*rob"o*lan (?), n. [L. myrobalanum the fruit of a palm tree from which a balsam was made, Gr. myrobolan.] A dried astringent fruit much resembling a prune. It contains tannin, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now chiefly used in tanning and dyeing. Myrobolans are produced by various species of Terminalia of the East Indies, and of Spondias of South America.

Myronic

My*ron"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mustard; -- used specifically to designate a glucoside called myronic acid, found in mustard seed.

Myropolist

My*rop"o*list (?), n. [Gr. One who sells unguents or perfumery. [Obs.] Jonhson.

Myrosin

Myr"o*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A ferment, resembling diastase, found in mustard seeds.

Myroxylon

My*rox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous trees of tropical America, the different species of which yield balsamic products, among which are balsam of Peru, and balsam of Tolu. The species were formerly referred to Myrospermum.

Myrrh

Myrrh (?), n. [OE. mirre, OF. mirre, F. myrrhe, L. myrrha, murra, Gr. murr bitter, also myrrh, Heb. mar bitter.] A gum resin, usually of a yellowish brown or amber color, of an aromatic odor, and a bitter, slightly pungent taste. It is valued for its odor and for its medicinal properties. It exuds from the bark of a shrub of Abyssinia and Arabia, the Balsamodendron Myrrha. The myrrh of the Bible is supposed to have been partly the gum above named, and partly the exudation of species of Cistus, or rockrose. False myrrh. See the Note under Bdellium.

Myrrhic

Myr"rhic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, myrrh.

Myrrhine

Myr"rhine (?), a. Murrhine.

Myrtaceous

Myr*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. myrtaceus.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large and important natural order of trees and shrubs (Myrtace\'91), of which the myrtle is the type. It includes the genera Eucalyptus, Pimenta, Lechythis, and about seventy more.

Myrtiform

Myr"ti*form (?), a. [L. myrtus myrtle + -form: cf. F. myrtiforme.] Resembling myrtle or myrtle berries; having the form of a myrtle leaf.

Myrtle

Myr"tle (?), n. [F. myrtil bilberry, prop., a little myrtle, from myrte myrtle, L. myrtus, murtus, Gr. m.] (Bot.) A species of the genus Myrtus, especially Myrtus communis. The common myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close, full head, thickly covered with ovate or lanceolate evergreen leaves. It has solitary axillary white or rosy flowers, followed by black several-seeded berries. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. The flowers, leaves, and berries are used variously in perfumery and as a condiment, and the beautifully mottled wood is used in turning. &hand; The name is also popularly but wrongly applied in America to two creeping plants, the blue-flowered periwinkle and the yellow-flowered moneywort. In the West Indies several myrtaceous shrubs are called myrtle. Bog myrtle, the sweet gale. -- Crape myrtle. See under Crape. -- Myrtle warbler (Zo\'94l.), a North American wood warbler (Dendroica coronata); -- called also myrtle bird, yellow-rumped warbler, and yellow-crowned warbler. -- Myrtle wax. (Bot.) See Bayberry tallow, under Bayberry. -- Sand myrtle, a low, branching evergreen shrub (Leiophyllum buxifolium), growing in New Jersey and southward. -- Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera). See Bayberry.

Myself

My*self" (?), pron.; pl. Ourselves (. I or me in person; -- used for emphasis, my own self or person; as I myself will do it; I have done it myself; -- used also instead of me, as the object of the first person of a reflexive verb, without emphasis; as, I will defend myself.<-- reflexive pron. -->

Myselven

My*selv"en (?), pron. Myself. [Obs.]

Mysis

My"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small schizopod shrimps found both in fresh and salt water; the opossum shrimps. One species inhabits the Great Lakes of North America, and is largely eaten by the whitefish. The marine species form part of the food of right whales.

Mystacal

Mys"ta*cal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the upper lip, or mustache.

Mystagogic, Mystagogical

Mys`ta*gog"ic (?), Mys`ta*gog"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to interpretation of mysteries or to mystagogue; of the nature of mystagogy.

Mystagogue

Mys"ta*gogue (?), n. [L. mystagogus, Gr. mystagogue. See 1st Mystery.]

1. interprets mysteries, especially of a religious kind.

2. One who keeps and shows church relics.

Mystagogy

Mys"ta*go`gy (?), n. The doctrines, principles, or practice of a mystagogue; interpretation of mysteries.

Mysterial

Mys*te"ri*al (?), a. Mysterious. [Obs.]

Mysteriarch

Mys*te"ri*arch (?), n. [L. mysteriarches, Gr. One presiding over mysteries. [Obs.]

Mysterious

Mys*te"ri*ous (?), a. [F. myst\'8arieux. See 1st Mystery.] Of or pertaining to mystery; containing a mystery; difficult or impossible to understand; obscure not revealed or explained; enigmatical; incomprehensible.
God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied, Thought in mysterious terms. Milton.
Syn. -- Obscure; secret; occult; dark; mystic; cabalistic; enigmatical; unintelligible; incomprehensible.

Mysteriously

Mys*te"ri*ous*ly, adv. In a mysterious manner.

Mysteriousness

Mys*te"ri*ous*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being mysterious.

2. Something mysterious; a mystery. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Mysterize

Mys"ter*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mysterized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mysterizing (?).] To make mysterious; to make a mystery of.

Mystery

Mys"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Mysteries (#). [L. mysterium, Gr. Mute, a.]

1. A profound secret; something wholly unknown, or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder; something which has not been or can not be explained; hence, specifically, that which is beyond human comprehension.

We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery. 1 Cor. ii. 7.
If God should please to reveal unto us this great mystery of the Trinity, or some other mysteries in our holy religion, we should not be able to understand them, unless he would bestow on us some new faculties of the mind. Swift.

2. A kind of secret religious celebration, to which none were admitted except those who had been initiated by certain preparatory ceremonies; -- usually plural; as, the Eleusinian mysteries.

3. pl. The consecrated elements in the eucharist.

4. Anything artfully made difficult; an enigma.

Mystery

Mys"ter*y, n.; pl. Mysteries. [OE. mistere, OF. mestier, F. m\'82tier, L. ministerium. See Ministry.]

1. A trade; a handicraft; hence, any business with which one is usually occupied.

Fie upon him, he will discredit our mystery. Shak.
And that which is the noblest mystery Brings to reproach and common infamy. Spenser.

2. A dramatic representation of a Scriptural subject, often some event in the life of Christ; a dramatic composition of this character; as, the Chester Mysteries, consisting of dramas acted by various craft associations in that city in the early part of the 14th century.

"Mystery plays," so called because acted by craftsmen. Skeat.

Mystic, Mystical

Mys"tic (?), Mys"tic*al (?), a. [L. mysticus, Gr. mystique. See 1st Mystery, Misty.]

1. Remote from or beyond human comprehension; baffling human understanding; unknowable; obscure; mysterious.

Heaven's numerous hierarchy span The mystic gulf from God to man. Emerson.
God hath revealed a way mystical and supernatural. Hooker.

2. Importing or implying mysticism; involving some secret meaning; allegorical; emblematical; as, a mystic dance; mystic Babylon.

Thus, then, did the spirit of unity and meekness inspire every joint and sinew of the mystical body. Milton.
-- Mys"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Mys"tic*al*ness, n.

Mystic

Mys"tic (?), n. One given to mysticism; one who holds mystical views, interpretations, etc.; especially, in ecclesiastical history, one who professed mysticism. See Mysticism.

Mysticete

Mys"ti*cete (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any right whale, or whalebone whale. See Cetacea.

Mysticism

Mys"ti*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. mysticisme.]

1. Obscurity of doctrine.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of the Mystics, who professed a pure, sublime, and wholly disinterested devotion, and maintained that they had direct intercourse with the divine Spirit, and aquired a knowledge of God and of spiritual things unattainable by the natural intellect, and such as can not be analyzed or explained.

3. (Philos.) The doctrine that the ultimate elements or principles of knowledge or belief are gained by an act or process akin to feeling or faith.

Mystification

Mys`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. mystification.] The act of mystifying, or the state of being mystied; also, something designed to, or that does, mystify.
The reply of Pope seems very much as though he had been playing off a mystification on his Grace. De Quincey.

Mystificator

Mys"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who mystifies.

Mystify

Mys"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mystified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mystifying (?).] [F. mystifier, fr. Gr. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See 1st Mystery, and -fy.]

1. To involve in mystery; to make obscure or difficult to understand; as, to mystify a passage of Scripture.

2. To perplex the mind of; to puzzle; to impose upon the credulity of ; as, to mystify an opponent.

He took undue advantage of his credulity and mystified him exceedingly. Ld. Campbell.

Mytacism

My"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. Metacism.] Too frequent use of the letter m, or of the sound represented by it.

Myth

Myth (?), n. [Written also mythe.] [Gr. mythe.]

1. A story of great but unknown age which originally embodied a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; an ancient legend of a god, a hero, the origin of a race, etc.; a wonder story of prehistoric origin; a popular fable which is, or has been, received as historical.

2. A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual existence is not verifiable.

As for Mrs. Primmins's bones, they had been myths these twenty years. Ld. Lytton.
Myth history, history made of, or mixed with, myths.

Mythe

Mythe (?), n. See Myth. Grote.

Mythic, Mythical

Myth"ic (?), Myth"ic*al (?), a. [L. mythicus, Gr. Myth.] Of or relating to myths; described in a myth; of the nature of a myth; fabulous; imaginary; fanciful. -- Myth"ic*al*ly, adv.
The mythic turf where danced the nymphs. Mrs. Browning.
Hengist and Horsa, Vortigern and Rowena, Arthur and Mordred, are mythical persons, whose very existence may be questioned. Macaulay.

Mythographer

My*thog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. A composer of fables.

Mythologer

My*thol"o*ger (?), n. A mythologist.

Mythologian

Myth`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A mythologist.

Mythologic, Mythological

Myth`o*log"ic (?), Myth`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. mythologicus: cf. F. mytholigique.] Of or pertaining to mythology or to myths; mythical; fabulous. -- Myth`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Mythologist

My*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. mythologiste.] One versed in, or who writes on, mythology or myths.

Mythologize

My*thol"o*gize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. mythologiser.]

1. To relate, classify, and explain, or attempt to explain, myths; to write upon myths.

2. To construct and propagate myths.

Mythologizer

My*thol"o*gi`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, mythologizes.
Imagination has always been, and still is, in a narrower sense, the great mythologizer. Lowell.

Mythologue

Myth"o*logue (?), n. [See Mythology.] A fabulous narrative; a myth. [R.]
May we not ... consider his history of the fall as an excellent mythologue, to account for the origin of human evil? Geddes.

Mythology

My*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Mythologies (#). [F. mythologie, L. mythologia, Gr.

1. The science which treats of myths; a treatise on myths.

2. A body of myths; esp., the collective myths which describe the gods of a heathen people; as, the mythology of the Greeks.

Mythoplasm

Myth"o*plasm (?), n. [Gr. A narration of mere fable.

Mythop\'d2ic

Myth`o*p\'d2"ic (?), a. [Gr. Making or producing myths; giving rise to mythical narratives.
The mythop\'d2ic fertility of the Greeks. Grote.

Mythopoetic

Myth`o*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. Making or producing myths or mythical tales.

Mytiloid

Myt"i*loid (?), a. [Mytilus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Mytilus, or family Mytilid\'91.

Mytilotoxine

Myt`i*lo*tox"ine (?), n. [Mytilus + toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous base (leucomaine) found in the common mussel. It either causes paralysis of the muscles, or gives rise to convulsions, including death by an accumulation of carbonic acid in the blood.

Mytilus

Myt"i*lus (?), n. [L., a sea mussel, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalve shells, including the common mussel. See Illust. under Byssus.

Myxa

Myx"a (?), n. [L., a lamp nozzle, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The distal end of the mandibles of a bird.

Myxine

Myx"ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marsipobranchs, including the hagfish. See Hag, 4.

Myxinoid

Myx"i*noid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Myxine. -- n. A hagfish.

Myxocystodea

Myx`o*cys*to"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Infusoria including the Noctiluca. See Noctiluca.

Myxoma

Myx*o"ma (?), n.; pl. Myxomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor made up of a gelatinous tissue resembling that found in the umbilical cord.

Myxopod

Myx"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A rhizopod or moneran. Also used adjectively; as, a myxopod state.

Myzontes

My*zon"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Marsipobranchiata.

Myzostomata

My`zo*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. my`zein to suck + sto`ma, -atos, mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of curious parasitic worms found on crinoids. The body is short and disklike, with four pairs of suckers and five pairs of hook-bearing parapodia on the under side.
Page 961

N.

N

N (?), the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the dentinasal or linguanasal consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard in ran, done; but when immediately followed in the same word by the sound of g hard or k (as in single, sink, conquer), it usually represents the same sound as the digraph ng in sing, bring, etc. This is a simple but related sound, and is called the gutturo-nasal consonent. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 243-246. The letter N came into English through the Latin and Greek from the Ph\'d2nician, which probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is etymologically most closely related to M. See M.

N

N, n. (Print.) A measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en.

Na

Na (?), a. & adv. No, not. See No. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nab

Nab (?), n. [Cf. Knap, Knop, Knob.]

1. The summit of an eminence. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Firearms) The cock of a gunlock. Knight.

3. (Locksmithing) The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot. Knight.

Nab

Nab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nabbing.] [Dan nappe, or Sw. nappa.] To catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly. [Colloq.] Smollett.

Nabit

Na"bit (?), n. Pulverized sugar candy. Crabb.

Nabk

Nabk (?), n. [Ar. nabiqa,nibqa.] (Bot.) The edible berries of the Zizyphys Lotus, a tree of Northern Africa, and Southwestern Europe. [Written also nubk.] See Lotus (b), and Sadr.

Nabob

Na"bob (?), n. [Hind. naw\'beb, from Ar. naw\'beb, pl. of n\'be\'8bb a vicegerent, governor. Cf Nawab.]

1. A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the ancient Mogul empire.

2. One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches: hence, any man of great wealth. " A bilious old nabob." Macaulay.

Nacarat

Nac"a*rat (?), n. [F. nacarat, fr. Sp. or Pg. nacarado, fr. n\'a0car mother-of-pearl. See Nacre.]

1. A pale red color, with a cast of orange. Ure.

2. Fine linen or crape dyed of this color. Ure.

Nacker

Nack"er (?), n. See Nacre. Johnson.

Nacre

Na"cre (?), n. [F., cf. Sp. n\'a0cara, n\'a0car, It. nacchera, naccaro, LL. nacara, nacrum; of Oriental origin, cf. Ar. nak\'c6r hollowed.] (Zo\'94l.) A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. [Written also nacker and naker.] See Pearl, and Mother-of-pearl.

Nacre-ous

Na"cre-ous (?), a. [See Nacre.] (Zo\'94l.) Consisting of, or resembling, nacre; pearly.

Nad, Nadde

Nad (?), Nad"de (?). [Contr. fr. ne hadde.] Had not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nadder

Nad"der (?), n. [AS.n\'91dre. See Adder.] An adder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nadir

Na"dir (?), n. [F., Sp., & It. nadir; all fr. Ar. nas\'c6ru's samt nadir, prop., the point opposite the zenith (as samt), in which nas\'c6r means alike, corresponding to. Cf. Azimuth, Zenith.]

1. That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand.

2. The lowest point; the time of greatest depression.

The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe. Hallam.
Nadir of the sun (Astron.), the axis of the conical shadow projected by the earth. Crabb.

N\'91nia

N\'91"ni*a (?), n. See Nenia.

N\'91ve

N\'91ve (?), n. [L. naevus.] A n\'91vus. [Obs.] Dryden.

N\'91void

N\'91"void (?), a. [N\'91vus + -oid.] Resembling a n\'91vus or n\'91vi; as, n\'91void elephantiasis. Dunglison.

N\'91vose

N\'91"vose` (?), a. Spotted; frecled.

Navus

Na"vus (?), n.; pl.N\'91vi (-v\'c6). [L.] (Med.) A spot or mark on the skin of children when born; a birthmark; -- usually applied to vascular tumors, i. e., those consisting mainly of blood vessels, as dilated arteries, veins, or capillaries.

Nag

Nag (?), n. [OE. nagge, D. negge; akin to E. neigh.]

1. A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse.

2. A paramour; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.

Nag

Nag, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Nagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nagging (?).] [Cf. Sw. nagga to nibble, peck, Dan. nage to gnaw, Icel. naga, gnaga, G. nagen, & E. gnaw.] To tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret pertinaciously. [Colloq.] "She never nagged." J. Ingelow.

Nagging

Nag"ging (?), a. Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; as, a nagging toothache. [Colloq.]

Naggy

Nag"gy (?) a. Irritable; touchy. [Colloq.]

Nagor

Na"gor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African gazelle (Gazella redunca).

Nagyag-ite

Nag"yag-ite (?), n. [So called from Nagyag, in Transylvania.] (Min.) A mineral of blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster, generally of a foliated massive structure; foliated tellurium. It is a telluride of lead and gold.

Naiad

Na"iad (?), n. [L. naias, -adis, na\'8bs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr na\'8bade. Cf. Naid.]

1. (Myth.) A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe (Naiades) of freshwater bivalves, including Unio, Anodonta, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel.

3. (Zo\'94l) One of a group of butterflies. See Nymph.

4. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Naiadace\'91, such as eelgrass, pondweed, etc.

Naiant

Na"iant (?), a. (Her.) See Natant. Crabb.

Naid

Na"id (?), n. [See Naiad.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small, fresh-water, ch\'91topod annelids of the tribe Naidina. They belong to the Oligoch\'91ta.

Na\'8bf

Na"\'8bf` (formerly , a. [F. na\'8bf. See Na\'8bve.]

1. Having a true natural luster without being cut; -- applied by jewelers to a precious stone.

2. Na\'8bve; as, a na\'8bf remark. London Spectator.

Naik

Na"ik (?), n. [Hind. n\'beyak.] A chief; a leader; a Sepoy corporal. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Nail

Nail (?), n. [AS. n\'91gel, akin to D. nagel, OS nagal, G. nagel, Icel. nagl, nail (in sense 1), nagli nail (in sense 3), Sw. nagel nail (in senses 1 and 3), Dan. nagle, Goth. ganagljan to nail, Lith. nagas nail (in sense 1), Russ. nogote, L. unguis, Gr. nakha.

1. (Anat.) the horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers and toes of man and many apes.

His nayles like a briddes claws were. Chaucer.
&hand; The nails are strictly homologous with hoofs and claws. When compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called talons or claws, and the animal bearing them is said to be unguiculate; when they incase the extremities of the digits they are called hoofs, and the animal is ungulate.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera. (b) The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied birds.

3. A slender, pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, used for fastening pieces of wood or other material together, by being driven into or through them. &hand; The different sorts of nails are named either from the use to which they are applied, from their shape, from their size, or from some other characteristic, as shingle, floor, ship-carpenters', and horseshoe nails, roseheads, diamonds, fourpenny, tenpenny (see Penny), chiselpointed, cut, wrought, or wire nails, etc.

4. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the sixteenth of a yard. Nail ball (Ordnance), a round projectile with an iron bolt protruding to prevent it from turning in the gun. -- Nail plate, iron in plates from which cut nails are made. -- On the nail, in hand; on the spot; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail. "You shall have ten thousand pounds on the nail." Beaconsfield. -- To hit the nail on the head, to hit most effectively; to do or say a thing in the right way.

Nail

Nail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nailing.] [AS. n\'91glian. See Nail, n.]

1. To fasten with a nail or nails; to close up or secure by means of nails; as, to nail boards to the beams.

He is now dead, and nailed in his chest. Chaucer.

2. To stud or boss with nails, or as with nails.

The rivets of your arms were nailed with gold. Dryden.

3. To fasten, as with a nail; to bind or hold, as to a bargain or to acquiescence in an argument or assertion; hence, to catch; to trap.

When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I nailed them. Goldsmith.

4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Crabb. To nail a lie ∨ an assertion, etc., to detect and expose it, so as to put a stop to its currency; -- an expression probably derived from the former practice of shopkeepers, who were accustomed to nail bad or counterfeit pieces of money to the counter.

Nailbrush

Nail"brush`, n. A brush for cleaning the nails.

Nailer

Nail"er (?), n.

1. One whose occupation is to make nails; a nail maker.

2. One who fastens with, or drives, nails.

Naileress

Nail"er*ess, n. A women who makes nailes.

Nailery

Nail"er*y (?), n.; pl. Naileries (. A manufactory where nails are made.

Nail-headed

Nail"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like that of a nail; formed so as to resemble the head of a nail. Nail-headed characters, arrowheaded or cuneiform characters. See under Arrowheaded. -- Nail-headed molding (Arch.), an ornament consisting of a series of low four-sided pyramids resembling the heads of large nails; -- called also nail-head molding, or nail-head. It is the same as the simplest form of dogtooth. See Dogtooth.

Nailless

Nail"less, a. Without nails; having no nails.

Nainsook

Nain`sook" (?), n. [Nainsukh, a valley in Kaghan.] A thick sort of jaconet muslin, plain or striped, formerly made in India.

Nais

Na"is (?), n. [L., a naiad.] (Zo\'94l.) See Naiad.

Naissant

Nais`sant" (?), a. [F., p. pr. of na\'8ctre to be born, L. nasci.] (Her.) Same as Jessant.

Na\'8bve

Na"\'8bve` (?), a. [F. na\'8bf, fem. na\'8bve, fr. L. nativus innate, natural, native. See Native, and cf. Na\'8bf.] Having native or unaffected simplicity; ingenuous; artless; frank; as, na\'8bve manners; a na\'8bve person; na\'8bve and unsophisticated remarks.

Na\'8bvely

Na"\'8bve`ly (?), adv. In a na\'8bve manner.

Na\'8bvet\'82

Na`\'8bve`t\'82" (?), n. [F. See Na\'8bve, and cf. Nativity.] Native simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness; artlessness.
A story which pleases me by its na\'8bvet\'82 -- that is, by its unconscious ingenuousness. De Quincey.

Na\'8bvety

Na"\'8bve`ty (?), n. Na\'8bvet\'82. Carlyle.

Nake

Nake (?),v.t. To make naked. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Come, be ready, nake your swords. Old Play.

Naked

Na"ked (?), a. [AS. nacod; akin to D. naakt, G. nackt, OHG. nacchot, nahhot, Icel. n\'94kvi, nakinn, Sw. naken, Dan. n\'94gen, Goth. naqa, Lith. n, Russ. nagii, L. nudus, Skr. nagna. &root;266. Cf. Nude.]

1. Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; as, a naked body; a naked limb; a naked sword.

2. Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed; defenseless.

Thy power is full naked. Chaucer.
Behold my bosom naked to your swords. Addison.

3. Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of sustenance, etc.; destitute; unaided; bare.

Patriots who had exposed themselves for the public, and whom they say now left naked. Milton.

4. Without addition, exaggeration, or excuses; not concealed or disguised; open to view; manifest; plain.

The truth appears so naked on my side, That any purblind eye may find it out. Shak.
All things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we to do. Heb. iv. 13.

5. Mere; simple; plain.

The very naked name of love. Shak.

6. (Bot.) Without pubescence; as, a naked leaf or stem; bare, or not covered by the customary parts, as a flower without a perianth, a stem without leaves, seeds without a pericarp, buds without bud scales.

7. (Mus.) Not having the full complement of tones; -- said of a chord of only two tones, which requires a third tone to be sounded with them to make the combination pleasing to the ear; as, a naked fourth or fifth.<-- = open fourth, fifth? --> Naked bed, a bed the occupant of which is naked, no night linen being worn in ancient times. Shak. -- Naked eye, the eye alone, unaided by glasses, or by telescope, microscope, or the like. -- Naked-eyed medusa. (Zo\'94l.) See Hydromedusa. -- Naked flooring (Carp.), the timberwork which supports a floor. Gwilt. -- Naked mollusk (Zo\'94l.), a nudibranch. -- Naked wood (Bot.), a large rhamnaceous tree (Colibrina reclinata) of Southern Florida and the West Indies, having a hard and heavy heartwood, which takes a fine polish. C. S. Sargent. Syn. -- Nude; bare; denuded; uncovered; unclothed; exposed; unarmed; plain; defenseless.

Nakedly

Na"ked*ly, adv. In a naked manner; without covering or disguise; manifestly; simply; barely.

Nakedness

Na"ked*ness, n.

1. The condition of being naked.

2. (Script.) The privy parts; the genitals.

Ham ... saw the nakedness of his father. Gen. ix. 22.

Naker

Na"ker (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nacre.

Naker

Na"ker, n. [OE. nakere, F. nakaire, LL. nacara, Per. naq\'beret.] A kind of kettledrum. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nakoo

Na"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The gavial. [Written also nako.]

Nale

Nale (?), n. [A corrupt form arising from the older "at þen ale" at the nale.] Ale; also, an alehouse. [Obs.]
Great feasts at the nale. Chaucer.

Nall

Nall (?), n. [Either fr. Icel. n\'bel (see Needle); or fr. awl, like newt fr. ewt.] An awl. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

Nam

Nam (?). [Contr. fr. ne am.] Am not. [Obs.]

Nam

Nam, obs. imp. of Nim. Chaucer.

Namable

Nam"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being named.

Namation

Na*ma"tion (?), n. [LL. namare to take; cf. AS. niman to take.] (O. Eng. & Scots Law) A distraining or levying of a distress; an impounding. Burrill.

Namaycush

Nam"ay*cush (?), n. [Indian name.] (Zool.) A large North American lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). It is usually spotted with red, and sometimes weighs over forty pounds. Called also Mackinaw trout, lake trout, lake salmon, salmon trout, togue, and tuladi.

Namby-pamby

Nam"by-pam`by (?), n. [From Ambrose Phillips, in ridicule of the extreme simplicity of some of his verses.] Talk or writing which is weakly sentimental or affectedly pretty. Macaulay.

Namby-pamby

Nam"by-pam`by, a. Affectedly pretty; weakly sentimental; finical; insipid. Thackeray.
Namby-pamby madrigals of love. W. Gifford.
Page 962

Name

Name (?), n. [AS. nama; akin to D. naam, OS. & OHG. namo, G. name, Icel. nafn, for namn, Dan. navn, Sw. namn, Goth. nam&omac;, L. nomen (perh. influenced by noscere, gnoscere, to learn to know), Gr. 'o`mona, Scr. n\'beman. &root;267. Cf. Anonymous, Ignominy, Misnomer, Nominal, Noun.]

1. The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a class.

Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. Gen. ii. 19.
What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shak.

2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or thing, on account of a character or acts.

His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Is. ix. 6.

3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation; distinction.

What men of name resort to him? Shak.
Far above ... every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come. Eph. i. 21.
I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom. 1 Macc. iii. 14.
He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin. Deut. xxii. 19.
The king's army ...had left no good name behind. Clarendon.

4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family.

The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his name, came every day to pay their feigned civilities. Motley.

5. A person, an individual. [Poetic]

They list with women each degenerate name. Dryden.
Christian name. (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as distinguished from surname; baptismal name. (b) A given name, whether received at baptism or not. -- Given name. See under Given. -- In name, in profession, or by title only; not in reality; as, a friend in name. -- In the name of. (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. " I charge you in the duke's name to obey me." Shak. (b) In the represented or assumed character of. " I'll to him again in name of Brook." Shak. -- Name plate, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon it, as a sign; a doorplate. -- Pen name, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de plume. Bayard Taylor. -- Proper name (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person, place, or thing. -- To call names, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by reproachful appellations. -- To take a name in vain, to use a name lightly or profanely; to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. Ex. xx. 7. Syn. -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet. -- Name, Appellation, Title, Denomination. Name is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term, used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of Bedford, Paul the Apostle, etc. Denomination is to particular bodies what appellation is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, etc.

Name

Name (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Named (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Naming.] [AS. namian. See Name, n.]

1. To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to denominate; to style; to call.

She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv. 21.
Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named. Milton.

2. To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to by distinctive title; to mention.

None named thee but to praise. Halleck.
Old Yew, which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead. Tennyson.

3. To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate; to specify; to appoint; as, to name a day for the wedding.

Whom late you have named for consul. Shak.

4. (House of Commons) To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of reprimand. Syn. -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate; nominate.

Nameless

Name"less, a.

1. Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star. Waller.

2. Undistinguished; not noted or famous.

A nameless dwelling and an unknown name. Harte.

3. Not known or mentioned by name; anonymous; as, a nameless writer."Nameless pens." Atterbury.

4. Unnamable; indescribable; inexpressible.

But what it is, that is not yet known; what I can not name; nameless woe,I wot. Shak.
I have a nameless horror of the man. Hawthorne.

Namelessly

Name"less*ly, adv. In a nameless manner.

Namely

Name"ly, adv.

1. By name; by particular mention; specifically; especially; expressly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

The solitariness of man ...God hath namely and principally ordered to prevent by marriage. Milton.

2. That is to say; to wit; videlicet; -- introducing a particular or specific designation.

For the excellency of the soul, namely, its power of divining dreams; that several such divinations have been made, none Addison.

Namer

Nam"er (?), n. One who names, or calls by name.

Namesake

Name"sake` (?), n. [For name's sake; i. e., one named for the sake of another's name.] One that has the same name as another; especially, one called after, or named out of regard to, another.

Namo

Na*mo" (?), adv. No more. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nan

Nan (?), inerj. [For anan.] Anan. [Prov. Eng.]

Nandine

Nan"dine (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An African carnivore (Nandinia binotata), allied to the civets. It is spotted with black.

Nandou, Nandu

Nan"dou (?), Nan"du (?), n. [Braz. nhandu or yandu.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of three species of South American ostriches of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. See Rhea. [Written also nandow.]

Nankeen

Nan*keen" (?), n. [So called from its being originally manufactured at Nankin, in China.] [Written also nankin.]

1. A species of cloth, of a firm texture, originally brought from China, made of a species of cotton (Gossypium religiosum) that is naturally of a brownish yellow color quite indestructible and permanent.

2. An imitation of this cloth by artificial coloring.

3. pl. Trousers made of nankeen. Ld. Lytton. Nankeen bird (Zo\'94l.), the Australian night heron (Nycticorax Caledonicus); -- called also quaker.

Nanny

Nan"ny (?), n. A diminutive of Ann or Anne, the proper name. Nanny goat, a female goat. [Colloq.]

Nannyberry

Nan"ny*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) See Sheepberry.

Nanpie

Nan"pie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The magpie.

Naos

Na"os (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.) A term used by modern arch\'91ologists instead of cella. See Cella.

Nap

Nap (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Napped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Napping (?).] [OE. nappen, AS. hn&ppian to take a nap, to slumber; cf. AS. hnipian to bend one's self, Icel. hnipna, hn\'c6pa, to droop.]

1. To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze. Chaucer.

2. To be in a careless, secure state. Wyclif.

I took thee napping, unprepared. Hudibras.

Nap

Nap, n. A short sleep; a doze; a siesta. Cowper.

Nap

Nap, n. [OE. noppe, AS. hnoppa; akin to D. nop, Dan. noppe, LG. nobbe.]

1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; -- as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth.

2. pl. The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. Knight.

Nap

Nap, v. t. To raise, or put, a nap on.

Nape

Nape (?), n. [Perh. akin to knap a knop.] The back part of the neck. Spenser.

Nape-crest

Nape"-crest` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African bird of the genus Schizorhis, related to the plantain eaters.

Napery

Na"per*y (?), n.; pl. Naperies (#). [OF. naperie, fr. nape a tablecloth, F. nappe, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa. See Map, and cf. Apron, Napkin.] Table linen; also, linen clothing, or linen in general. [Obs.] Gayton.

Napha water

Na"pha wa`ter (?). [Sp. nafa, from Ar. napha odor.] A perfume distilled from orange flowers.

Naphew

Na"phew (?), n. (Bot.) See Navew.

Naphtha

Naph"tha (?), n. [L. naphtha, Gr. nafth, nifth.]

1. (Chem.) The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.

2. (Chem.) One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal (obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc. &hand; This term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of ethyl. Watts. Naphtha vitrioli [NL., naphtha of vitriol] (Old Chem.), common ethyl ether; -- formerly called sulphuric ether. See Ether.

Naphthalate

Naph"tha*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of naphthalic acid; a phthalate. [Obs.]

Naphthalene

Naph"tha*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline. Naphthalene red (Chem.), a dyestuff obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called also magdala red. -- Naphthalene yellow (Chem.), a yellow dyestuff obtained from certain nitro derivatives of naphthol.

Naphthalenic

Naph`tha*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to , or derived from, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate a yellow crystalline substance, called naphthalenic acid and also hydroxy quinone, and obtained from certain derivatives of naphthol.

Naphthalic

Naph*tha"lic (?), a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to denote any one of a series of acids derived from naphthalene, and called naphthalene acids. (b) Formerly, designating an acid probably identical with phthalic acid.

Naphthalidine

Naph*thal"i*dine (?), n. [Naphthalene + toluidine.] (Chem.) Same as Naphthylamine.

Naphthalin, Naphthaline

Naph"tha*lin (?), Naph"tha*line (?), n. [F. naphthaline.] (Chem.) See Naphthalene.

Naphthalize

Naph"tha*lize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To mingle, saturate, or impregnate, with naphtha.

Naphthazarin

Naph*thaz"a*rin (?), n. [Naphthalene + alizarin.] (Chem.) A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone as a red crystalline substance with a bright green, metallic luster; -- called also naphthalizarin.

Naphthene

Naph"thene (?), n. (Chem.) A peculiar hydrocarbon occuring as an ingredient of Caucasian petroleum.

Naphthide

Naph"thide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of naphthalene or its radical with a metallic element; as, mercuric naphthide.

Naphthoic

Naph*tho"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of carboxyl derivatives, called naphthoic acids.

Naphthol

Naph"thol (?), n. [Naphthalene + -ol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odor. Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol yellow (Chem.), brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of naphthol or naphthoquinone.

Naphthoquinone

Naph`tho*qui"none (?), n. [Naphthalene + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, C10H6O2, analogous to quinone, obtained by oxidizing naphthalene with chromic acid.

Naphthyl

Naph"thyl (?), n. [Naphthalene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical regarded as the essential residue of naphthalene.

Naphthylamine

Naph`thyl*am"ine (?), n. (Chem.) One of two basic amido derivatives of naphthalene, C10H7.NH2, forming crystalline solids.

Napierian, Naperian

Na*pie"ri*an, Na*pe"ri*an , (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Napier, or Naper. Naperian logarithms. See under Logarithms.

Napier's bones, Napier's rods

Na"pi*er's bones` (?), Na"pi*er's rods` (?). A set of rods, made of bone or other material, each divided into nine spaces, and containing the numbers of a column of the multiplication table; -- a contrivance of Baron Napier, the inventor of logarithms, for facilitating the operations of multiplication and division.

Napiform

Na"pi*form (?), a. [L. napus turnip + -form: cf. F. napiforme. Cf. Navew.] (Bot.) Turnip-shaped; large and round in the upper part, and very slender below.

Napkin

Nap"kin (?), n. [Dim. of OF. nape a tablecloth, cloth, F. nappe, L. mappa. See Napery.]

1. A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table.

2. A handkerchief. [Obs.] Shak. Napkin pattern. See Linen scroll, under Linen. -- Napkin ring, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to inclose a table napkin.<-- paper napkin, a disposable napkin made of paper. -->

Napless

Nap"less, a. Without nap; threadbare. Shak.

Naples yellow

Na"ples yel"low (?). See under Yellow.

Napoleon

Na*po"le*on (?), n. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.] A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.

Napoleonic

Na*po`le*on"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or having the qualities of, Napoleon I. Lowell.

Napoleonist

Na*po"le*on*ist (?), n. A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons.

Nappe

Nappe (?), n. [F. nappe cloth, sheet. See Napery.] (Geom.) Sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one point of the portion to any other point of the portion without leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one nappe, and some have two.

Nappiness

Nap"pi*ness (?), n. [From 2d Nappy.] The quality of having a nap; abundance of nap, as on cloth.

Napping

Nap"ping (?), n.

1. The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth.

2. (Hat Making) A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat body. Knight.

Nappy

Nap"py (?), a. [From 1st Nap.]

1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; as, to feel nappy.

2. Tending to cause sleepiness; serving to make sleepy; strong; heady; as, nappy ale. [Obs.] Wyatt.

Nappy

Nap"py, a. [From 3d Nap.] Having a nap or pile; downy; shaggy. Holland.

Nappy

Nap"py, n.; pl. Nappies (#). [OE. nap, AS. hn\'91p cup, bowl. See Hanaper.] A round earthen dish, with a flat bottom and sloping sides. [Written also nappie.]

Nap-taking

Nap"-tak`ing (?), n. A taking by surprise; an unexpected onset or attack. Carew.

Napu

Na*pu" (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A very small chevrotain (Tragulus Javanicus), native of Java. It is about the size of a hare, and is noted for its agility in leaping. Called also Java musk deer, pygmy musk deer, and deerlet.

Napus

Na"pus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A kind of turnip. See Navew.

Narceine

Nar"ce*ine (?), n. [L. narce numbness, torpor, Gr. narc\'82\'8bne.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in small quantities in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a bitter astringent taste. It is a narcotic. Called also narceia.

Narcissine

Nar*cis"sine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Narcissus.

Narcissus

Nar*cis"sus (?), n.; pl. Narcissuses (#). [L. narcissus, and (personified) Narcissus, Gr. na`rkissos, Na`rkissos, fr. na`rkh torpor, in allusion to the narcotic properties of the flower. Cf. Narcotic.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous bulbous plants with handsome flowers, having a cup-shaped crown within the six-lobed perianth, and comprising the daffodils and jonquils of several kinds.

2. (Classical Myth.) A beautiful youth fabled to have been enamored of his own image as seen in a fountain, and to have been changed into the flower called Narcissus.

Narcosis

Nar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. na`rkwsis. See Narcotic.] (Med.) Privation of sense or consciousness, due to a narcotic.

Narcotic

Nar*cot"ic (?), a. [F. narcotique, Gr. na`rkh numbness, torpor.] (Med.) Having the properties of a narcotic; operating as a narcotic. -- Nar*cot"ic*ness, n.
Page 963

Narcotic

Nar*cot"ic (?), n. (Med.) A drug which, in medicinal doses, generally allays morbid susceptibility, relieves pain, and produces sleep; but which, in poisonous doses, produces stupor, coma, or convulsions, and, when given in sufficient quantity, causes death. The best examples are opium (with morphine), belladonna (with atropine), and conium.
Nercotykes and opye (opium) of Thebes. Chaucer.

Narcotical

Nar*cot"ic*al (?), a. Narcotic. -- Nar*cot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Narcotine

Nar"co*tine (?), n. [Cf. F. narcotine. Cf. Cotarnine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance, tasteless and less poisonous than morphine; -- called also narcotia.

Narcotinic

Nar`co*tin"ic (?), a. Pertaining to narcotine.

Narcotism

Nar"co*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. narcotisme.] Narcosis; the state of being narcotized. G. Eliot.

Narcotize

Nar"co*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narcotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Narcotizing (?).] To imbue with, or subject to the influence of, a narcotic; to put into a state of narcosis.

Nard

Nard (?), n. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. n\'88rd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.]

1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery.

2. An ointment prepared partly from this plant. See Spikenard.

3. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Nardus stricta) of little value, found in Europe and Asia.

Nardine

Nard"ine (?), a. [L. nardinus, Gr. Of or pertaining to nard; having the qualities of nard.

Nardoo

Nar*doo" (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian name for Marsilea Drummondii, a four-leaved cryptogamous plant, sometimes used for food.

Nare

Nare (?), n. [L. naris.] A nostril. [R.] B. Jonson.

Nares

Na"res (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of naris nostril.] (Anat.) The nostrils or nasal openings, -- the anterior nares being the external or proper nostrils, and the posterior nares, the openings of the nasal cavities into the mouth or pharynx.

Nargile, Nargileh

Nar"gile (?), Nar"gi*leh (?), n. [Per. n\'bergh\'c6l, prop., a cocoanut; prob. so called because first made of a cocoanut.] An apparatus for smoking tobacco. It has a long flexible tube, and the smoke is drawn through water.

Narica

Nar"i*ca (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The brown coati. See Coati.

Nariform

Nar"i*form (?), a. [L. naris nostril + -form. See Nose.] Formed like the nose.

Narine

Nar"ine (?), a. Of or belonging to the nostrils.

Narrable

Nar"ra*ble (?), a. [L. narrabilis, fr. narrare to narrate.] Capable of being narrated or told. [Obs.]

Narragansetts

Nar`ra*gan"setts (?), n. pl.; sing. Narragansett (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited the shores of Narragansett Bay.

Narrate

Nar*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Narrating.] [L. narratus, p. p. of narrare to narrate, prob. for gnarigare, fr. gnarus knowing. See Ignore, Know.] To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or transaction; to give an account of. Syn. -- To relate; recount; detail; describe.

Narration

Nar*ra"tion (?), n. [L. narratio: cf. F. narration.]

1. The act of telling or relating the particulars of an event; rehearsal; recital.

2. That which is related; the relation in words or writing of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of any series of transactions or events; story; history.

3. (Rhet.) That part of a discourse which recites the time, manner, or consequences of an action, or simply states the facts connected with the subject. Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; description; explanation; detail; narrative; story; tale; history. See Account.

Narrative

Nar"ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. narratif.]

1. Of or pertaining to narration; relating to the particulars of an event or transaction.

2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of events; story-telling; garrulous.

But wise through time, and narrative with age. Pope.

Narrative

Nar"ra*tive, n. That which is narrated; the recital of a story; a continuous account of the particulars of an event or transaction; a story.
Cyntio was much taken with my narrative. Tatler.
Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; narration; story; tale. See Account.

Narratively

Nar"ra*tive*ly, adv. In the style of narration.

Narrator

Nar*ra"tor (?), n. [L.] One who narrates; one who relates a series of events or transactions.

Narratory

Nar"ra*to*ry (?), a. Giving an account of events; narrative; as, narratory letters. Howell.

Narre

Narre (?), a.Nearer. [Obs.] Spenser.

Narrow

Nar"row (?), a. [Compar. Narrower (?); superl. Narrowest.] [OE. narwe, naru, AS. nearu; akin to OS. naru, naro.]

1. Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from side to side; as, a narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow hem.

Hath passed in safety through the narrow seas. Shak.

2. Of little extent; very limited; circumscribed.

The Jews were but a small nation, and confined to a narrow compass in the world. Bp. Wilkins.

3. Having but a little margin; having barely sufficient space, time, or number, etc.; close; near; -- with special reference to some peril or misfortune; as, a narrow shot; a narrow escape; a narrow majority. Dryden.

4. Limited as to means; straitened; pinching; as, narrow circumstances.

5. Contracted; of limited scope; illiberal; bigoted; as, a narrow mind; narrow views. "A narrow understanding." Macaulay.

6. Parsimonious; niggardly; covetous; selfish.

A very narrow and stinted charity. Smalridge.

7. Scrutinizing in detail; close; accurate; exact.

But first with narrow search I must walk round This garden, and no corner leave unspied. Milton.

8. (Phon.) Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; -- distinguished from wide; as \'c7 (\'c7ve) and &oomac; (f&oomac;d), etc., from \'cc (\'ccll) and &oocr; (f&oocr;t), etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 13. &hand; Narrow is not unfrequently prefixed to words, especially to participles and adjectives, forming compounds of obvious signification; as, narrow-bordered, narrow-brimmed, narrow-breasted, narrow-edged, narrow-faced, narrow-headed, narrow-leaved, narrow-pointed, narrow-souled, narrow-sphered, etc. Narrow gauge. (Railroad) See Note under Gauge, n., 6.

Narrow

Nar"row (?), n.; pl. Narrows (. A narrow passage; esp., a contracted part of a stream, lake, or sea; a strait connecting two bodies of water; -- usually in the plural; as, The Narrows of New York harbor.
Near the island lay on one side the jaws of a dangerous narrow. Gladstone.

Narrow

Nar"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Narrowing.] [AS. nearwian.]

1. To lessen the breadth of; to contract; to draw into a smaller compass; to reduce the width or extent of. Sir W. Temple.

2. To contract the reach or sphere of; to make less liberal or more selfish; to limit; to confine; to restrict; as, to narrow one's views or knowledge; to narrow a question in discussion.

Our knowledge is much more narrowed if we confine ourselves to our own solitary reasonings. I. Watts.

3. (Knitting) To contract the size of, as a stocking, by taking two stitches into one.

Narrow

Nar"row, v. i.

1. To become less broad; to contract; to become narrower; as, the sea narrows into a strait.

2. (Man.) Not to step out enough to the one hand or the other; as, a horse narrows. Farrier's Dict.

3. (Knitting) To contract the size of a stocking or other knit article, by taking two stitches into one.

Narrower

Nar"row*er (?), n. One who, or that which, narrows or contracts. Hannah More.

Narrowing

Nar"row*ing, n.

1. The act of contracting, or of making or becoming less in breadth or extent.

2. The part of a stocking which is narrowed.

Narrowly

Nar"row*ly, adv. [AS. nearulice.]

1. With little breadth; in a narrow manner.

2. Without much extent; contractedly.

3. With minute scrutiny; closely; as, to look or watch narrowly; to search narrowly.

4. With a little margin or space; by a small distance; hence, closely; hardly; barely; only just; -- often with reference to an avoided danger or misfortune; as, he narrowly escaped.

5. Sparingly; parsimoniously. <-- construe narrowly? -->

Narrow-minded

Nar"row-mind`ed (?), a. Of narrow mental scope; illiberal; mean. -- Nar"row-mind`ed*ness, n.

Narrowness

Nar"row*ness, n. [AS. nearunes.] The condition or quality of being narrow.

Nart

Nart (?). [For ne art.] Art not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Narthex

Nar"thex (?), n. [L., giant fennel, Gr.

1. (Bot.) A tall umbelliferous plant (Ferula communis). See Giant fennel, under Fennel.

2. (Arch.) The portico in front of ancient churches; sometimes, the atrium or outer court surrounded by ambulatories; -- used, generally, for any vestibule, lobby, or outer porch, leading to the nave of a church.

Narwal

Nar"wal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Narwhal.

Narwe

Nar"we (?), a. Narrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Narwhal

Nar"whal (?), n. [Sw. or Dan. narvhal; akin to Icel. n\'behvalr, and E. whale. the first syllable is perh. from Icel. n\'ber corpse, dead body, in allusion to the whitish color its skin. See Whale.] [Written also narwhale.] (Zo\'94l.) An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.

Nas

Nas (?). [For ne was.] Was not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nas.

Nas. [Contr. fr. ne has.] Has not. [Obs.] Spenser.

Nasal

Na"sal (?), a. [F., from L. nasus the nose. See Nose.]

1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose.

2. (Phon.) Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance. Nasal bones (Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals. -- Nasal index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100.

Nasal

Na"sal, n.

1. An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through both the nose and the mouth simultaneously.

2. (Med.) A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. [Archaic]

3. (Anc. Armor) Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard.

4. (Anat.) One of the nasal bones.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.

Nasality

Na*sal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nasalit\'82.] The quality or state of being nasal.

Nasalization

Na`sal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nasalizing, or the state of being nasalized.

Nasalize

Na"sal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nasalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nasalizing (?).] To render nasal, as sound; to insert a nasal or sound in.

Nasalize

Na"sal*ize, v. t. To utter words or letters with a nasal sound; to speak through the nose.

Nasally

Na"sal*ly, adv. In a nasal manner; by the nose.

Nascal

Nas"cal (?), n. [F. nascale.] (Med.) A kind of pessary of medicated wool or cotton, formerly used.

Nascency

Nas"cen*cy (?), n. [L. nascentia. See Nascent.] State of being nascent; birth; beginning; origin.

Nascent

Nas"cent (?), a. [L. nascens, -entis, p.pr. nasci to be born. See Nation, and cf. Naissant.]

1. Commencing, or in process of development; beginning to exist or to grow; coming into being; as, a nascent germ.

Nascent passions and anxieties. Berkley.

2. (Chem.) Evolving; being evolved or produced. Nascent state (Chem.), the supposed instantaneous or momentary state of an uncombined atom or radical just separated from one compound acid, and not yet united with another, -- a hypothetical condition implying peculiarly active chemical properties; as, hydrogen in the nascent state is a strong reducer.

Naseberry

Nase"ber`ry (?), n. [Sp. nispero medlar and naseberry tree, fr. L. mespilus. See Medlar.] (Bot.) A tropical fruit. See Sapodilla. [Written also nisberry.]

Nash

Nash (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Firm; stiff; hard; also, chilly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Nasicornous

Nas`i*cor"nous (?), a. [L. nasus nose + cornu horn: cf. F. nasicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing a horn, or horns, on the nose, as the rhinoceros.

Nasiform

Nas"i*form (?), a. [L. nasus nose + -form. See Nose, and cf. Nariform.] Having the shape of a nose.

Nasion

Na*si*on (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. nasus nose.] (Anat.) The middle point of the nasofrontal suture.

Naso-

Na"so- (. [L. nasus nose.] (Anat.) A combining form denoting pertaining to, or connected with, the nose; as, nasofrontal.

Nasobuccal

Na"so*buc"cal (?), a. [Naso + buccal.] (Anat.) Connected with both the nose and the mouth; as, the nasobuccal groove in the skate.

Nasofrontal

Na`so*fron"tal (?), a. [Naso- + frontal.] (Anat.) of or pertaining to the nose and the front of the head; as, the embryonic nasofrontal process which forms the anterior boundary of the mouth.

Nasolachrymal

Na`so*lach"ry*mal (?), a. [Naso- + lachrymal.] (Anat.) Connected with the lachrymal apparatus and the nose; as, the nasolachrymal, or lachrymal duct.

Nasopalatal, Nasopalatine

Na`so*pal"a*tal (?), Na`so*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Naso- + palatal.] (Anat.) Connected with both the nose and the palate; as, the nasopalatine or incisor, canal connecting the mouth and the nasal chamber in some animals; the nasopalatine nerve.

Nasopharyngeal

Na`so*phar`yn*ge"al (? ∨ , a. [Naso- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both throat and nose; as, a nasopharyngeal polypus.

Nasoseptal

Na`so*sep"tal (?), a. [Naso- + septal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the internasal septum.

Nasoturbinal

Na`so*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Naso- + turbinal.] (Anat.) Connected with, or near, both the turbinal and the nasal bones; as, the nasalturbinal bone, made up of the uppermost lammel\'91 of the ethmoturbinal, and sometimes united with the nasal. -- n. The nasoturbinal bone.

Nassa

Nas"sa (?), n.; pl. E. Nassas (#), L. Nass\'92 (#). [From L. nassa a kind of basket, in allusion to the reticulation of some species.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine gastropods, of the genera Nassa, Tritia, and other allied genera of the family Nassid\'91; a dog whelk. See Illust. under Gastropoda. -- nas"soid (#), a.

Nastily

Nas"ti*ly (?), adv. In a nasty manner.

Nastiness

Nas"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being nasty; extreme filthness; dirtiness; also, indecency; obscenity.
The nastiness of Plautus and Aristophanes. Dryden.

Nasturtion

Nas*tur"tion (?), n. [See Nasturtium.] (Bot.) Same as Nasturtium.

Nasturtium

Nas*tur"tium (?), n. [L. nasturtium, for nasitortium, fr. nasus nose + torquere, tortum, to twist, torture, in allusion to the causing one to make a wry face by its pungent taste. See Nose of the face, and Torture.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Trop\'91olum, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and including the common Indian cress (Trop\'91olum majus), the canary-bird flower (T. peregrinum), and about thirty more species, all natives of South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves and flowers are sometimes used in salads.

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Nasty

Nas"ty (?), a. [Compar. Nastier (; superl. Nastiest.] [For older nasky; cf. dial. Sw. naskug, nasket.]

1. Offensively filthy; very dirty, foul, or defiled; disgusting; nauseous.

2. Hence, loosely: Offensive; disagreeable; unpropitious; wet; drizzling; as, a nasty rain, day, sky.

3. Characterized by obcenity; indecent; indelicate; gross; filthy. Syn. -- Nasty, Filthy, Foul, Dirty. Anything nasty is usually wet or damp as well as filthy or dirty, and disgusts by its stickness or odor; but filthy and foul imply that a thing is filled or covered with offensive matter, while dirty describes it as defiled or sullied with dirt of any kind; as, filthy clothing, foul vapors, etc.

Nasute

Na"sute (?), a. [L. nasutus, fr. nasus the nose.]

1. Having a nice sense of smell. [Obs.] Evelyn.

2. Critically nice; captious. [Obs.] auden.

Nasutness

Na"sut*ness, n. Quickness of scent; hence, nice discernment; acuteness. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Nat

Nat (?), adv. Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nat

Nat [For ne at.] Not at; nor at. [Obs.] haucer.

Natal

Na"tal (?), a. [L. natalis, fr. natus, p.p. of nasci to be born: cf. F. natal. See Nation, and cf. Noel.]

1. Of or pertaining to one's birth; accompying or dating from one's birth; native.

Princes' children took names from their natal places. Camden.
Propitious star, whose sacred power Presided o'er the monarch's natal hour. Prior.

2. (Actrol.) Presiding over nativity; as, natal Jove. Syn. -- Native, natural. See Native.

Natalitial, Natalitious

Na`ta*li"tial (?), Na`ta*li"tious (?), a. [L. natalitius, from natalis. See Natal.] Of or pertaining to one's birth or birthday, or one's nativity. [Obs.] "Natalitial poplar." Evelyn. "Natalitious fire." W. Cartwright.

Nataloin

Na*tal"o*in (?), n. [From Natal aloes.] (Chem.) A bitter crystalline substance constituting the essential principle of Natal aloes. Cf. Aloon.

Natal plum

Na*tal" plum` (?). (Bot.) The drupaceous fruit of two South African shrubs of the genus Arduina (A. bispinosa and A. grandiflora).

Natals

Na"tals (?), n. pl. One's birth, or the circumstances attending it. [Obs.] Fitz-Geffry.

Natant

Na"tant (?), a. [L. natans, -antis, from swim, v. intens. fr. nare to swim: cf. F. natant.]

1. (Bot.) Floating in water, as the leaves of water lilies, or submersed, as those of many aquatic plants.

2. (Her.) Placed horizontally across the field, as if swimmimg toward the dexter side; said of all sorts of fishes except the flying fish.

Natantly

Na"tant*ly (?), adv. In a floating manner; swimmingly.

Natation

Na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. natatio, fr. natare to swim: cf. F. natation. See Natant.] The act of floating on the water; swimming. Sir T. Browne.

Natatores

Na`ta*to"res (?), n. pl. [L. natator a swimmer.] (Zo\'94l.) The swimming birds. &hand; They were formerly united into one order, which is now considered an artifical group.

Natatorial

Na`ta*to"rial (?), a. Inclined or adapted to swim; swimming; as, natatorial birds.

Natatorious

Na`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Adapted for swimming; -- said of the legs of certain insects.

Natatorium

Na`ta*to"rium (?), n. [L.] A swimming bath.

Natatory

Na"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. natatorius.] Adapted for swimming or floating; as, natatory organs.

Natch

Natch (?), n. [OF. nache fesse, LL. natica, from L. natis the rump, buttocks. Cf. Aitchbone.] The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump. Natch bone, the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef.

Natchez

Natch"ez (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the survivors joined the Creek Confederacy.

Natchnee

Natch"nee (?), n. (Bot.) An annual grass (Eleusine coracona), cultivated in India as a food plant.

Nates

Na"tes (?), n. pl. [L., the buttocks.]

1. (Anat.) (a) The buttocks. (b) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The umbones of a bivalve shell.

Nath

Nath (?). [Contr. fr. ne hath,] hath not. [Obs.]

Nathless

Nath"less (?), adv. [OE. natheles, na the les, not the less, AS. n\'be never. See Na, The, conj., and cf. Nevertheless.] Nevertheless. [Archaic] Chaucer. Milton. E. Arnold.

Nathmore

Nath"more` (?), adv. [OE. na the more.] Not the more; never the more. [Obs.] penser.

Natica

Nat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Naticas (, L. Natic\'92 (. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods belonging to Natica, Lunatia, Neverita, and other allied genera (family Naticid\'91.) They burrow beneath the sand, or mud, and drill other shells.

Naticoid

Nat"i*coid (?), a. [Natica + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to Natica, or the family Natic\'91.

Nation

Na"tion (?), n. [F. nation, L. natio nation, race, orig., a being born, fr. natus, p.p. of nasci, to be born, for gnatus, gnaci, from the same root as E. kin. \'fb44. See Kin kindred, and cf. Cognate, Natal, Native.]

1. (Ethnol.) A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock.

All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues. Rev. vii. 9.

2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own.

A nation is the unity of a people. Coleridge.
Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation. F. S. Key.

3. Family; lineage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (a) One of the divisions of university students in a classification according to nativity, formerly common in Europe. (b) (Scotch Universities) One of the four divisions (named from the parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to their nativity.

5. A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation of herbs. Sterne. Five nations. See under Five. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International, and Law. Syn. -- people; race. See People.

National

Na"tion*al (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. national.]

1. Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; as, a national government, language, dress, custom, calamity, etc.

2. Attached to one's own country or nation. National anthem, a popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation; as, "God save the King" is called the national anthem of England. -- National bank, the official common name of a class of banking corporations established under the laws of the United States. -- National flag. See under Flag. -- National guard, a body of militia, or a local military organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United States. -- National salute, a salute consisting of as many guns as there are States in the Union. [U.S.]

Nationalism

Na"tion*al*ism (?), n.

1. The state of being national; national attachment; nationality.

2. An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation.

3. National independence; the principles of the Nationalists.

Nationalist

Na"tion*al*ist, n. One who advocates national unity and independence; one of a party favoring Irish independence.

Nationality

Na`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nationalities (#). [Cf. F. nationalit\'82.]

1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism.

2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national character.

3. A race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by political bias or divisions; a nation.

the fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for in the condition of nationalities and the character of peoples. H. W. Beecher.

4. Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national unity and integrity.

5. The state or quality of belonging to or being connected with a nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance, etc.

Nationalization

Na`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nationalizing, or the state of being nationalized.

Nationalize

Na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nationalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nationalizing (?).] [Cf. F. nationaliser.] To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation.

Nationally

Na"tion*al*ly, adv. In a national manner or way; as a nation. "The jews ... being nationally espoused to God by covenant." South.

Nationalness

Na"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being national; nationality. Johnson.

Native

Na"tive (?), a. [F. natif, L. nativus, fr. nasci, p.p. natus. See Nation, and cf. Na\'8bve, Nelf a serf.]

1. Arising by birth; having an origin; born. [Obs.]

Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are native, rising and vanishing again in long periods of times. Cudworth.

2. Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the place or the circumstances in which one is born; -- opposed to foreign; as, native land, language, color, etc.

3. Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native inhabitant, race; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not foreign or imported; as, native oysters, or strawberries.<-- latter sense = domestic -->

4. Original; constituting the original substance of anything; as, native dust. Milton.

5. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one; inherent; inborn; not acquired; as, native genius, cheerfulness, simplicity, rights, etc. <-- congenital, hereditary. -->

Courage is native to you. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

6. Naturally related; cognate; connected (with). [R.]

the head is not more native to the heart, ... Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. Shak.

7. (Min.) (a) Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver. (b) Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride. Native American party. See under American, a. -- Native bear (Zo\'94l.), the koala. -- Native bread (Bot.), a large underground fungus, of Australia (Mylitta australis), somewhat resembling a truffle, but much larger. -- Native devil. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tasmanian devil, under Devil. -- Native hen (Zo\'94l.), an Australian rail (Tribonyx Mortierii). -- Native pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) See Leipoa. -- Native rabbit (Zo\'94l.), an Australian marsupial (Perameles lagotis) resembling a rabbit in size and form. -- Native sloth (Zo\'94l.), the koala. -- Native thrush (Zo\'94l.), an Australian singing bird (Pachycephala olivacea); -- called also thickhead. -- Native turkey (Zo\'94l.), the Australian bustard (Choriotis australis); -- called also bebilya. Syn. -- Natural; natal; original; congential. -- Native, Natural, Natal. natural refers to the nature of a thing, or that which springs therefrom; native, to one's birth or origin; as, a native country, language, etc.; natal, to the circumstances of one's birth; as, a natal day, or star. Native talent is that which is inborn; natural talent is that which springs from the structure of the mind. Native eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion; natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artifical.

Native

Na"tive (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, is born in a place or country referred to; a denizen by birth; an animal, a fruit, or vegetable, produced in a certain region; as, a native of France.

2. (Stock Breeding) Any of the live stock found in a region, as distinguished from such as belong to pure and distinct imported breeds. [U.S.]

Natively

Na"tive*ly, adv. By natural or original condition; naturally; originally.

Nativeness

Na"tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being native.

Nativism

Na"tiv*ism (?), n.

1. The disposition to favor the native inhabitants of a country, in preference to immigrants from foreign countries.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine of innate ideas, or that the mind possesses forms of thought independent of sensation.

Nativist

Na"tiv*ist (?), n. An advocate of nativism.

Nativistic

Na`tiv*is"tic (?), a. Relating to nativism.

Nativity

Na*tiv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nativies (#). [F. nativit\'82, L. nativitas. See Native, and cf. Na\'8bvet\'90.]

1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. Chaucer.

I have served him from the hour of my nativity. Shak.
Thou hast left ... the land of thy nativity. Ruth ii. 11.
These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame. Milton.

2. (Fine Arts) A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born.

3. (Astrol.) A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a horoscope. The Nativity, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas day. -- To cast, ∨ calculate, one's nativity (Astrol.), to find out and represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's birth.

Natka

Nat"ka (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) A species of shrike.

Natrium

Na"tri*um (?), n. [NL. See Natron.] (Chem.) The technical name for sodium.

Natrolite

Na"tro*lite (?; 277), n. [Natron + -lite: cf. F. natrolithe.] (Min.) A zeolite occuring in groups of glassy acicular crystals, and in masses which often have a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and soda.

Natron

Na"tron (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. natron, Ar. natr\'d4n, nitr\'d4n. Cf. Niter, Anatron.] (Min.) Native sodium carbonate. [Written also anatron.]

Natter

Nat"ter (?), v. i. [Cf. Icel. knetta to grumble.] To find fault; to be peevish. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

Natterjack

Nat"ter*jack` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A European toad (Bufo calamita), having a yellow line along its back.

Natty

Nat"ty (?), a. [Cf. Neat clean.] Neat; tidy; spruce. [Colloq.] -- Nat"ti*ly, adv. -- Nat"ti*ness, n.

Natural

Nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.]

1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.

With strong natural sense, and rare force of will. Macaulay.

2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death.

What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day? Addison.

3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology.

I call that natural religion which men might know ... by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation. Bp. Wilkins.

4. Conformed to truth or reality; as: (a) Springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc. (b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural.

5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings.

To leave his wife, to leave his babes, ... He wants the natural touch. Shak.

6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. "Natural friends." J. H. Newman.

7. Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.

8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.

The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. 1 Cor. ii. 14.

9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.

Page 965

10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. Chaucer. -- Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc. -- Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. -- Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of botany, zo\'94logy, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zo\'94logy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. -- Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. -- Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. -- Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order. -- Natural person. (Law) See under person, n. -- Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. -- Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale -- Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. -- Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See Darwinism. -- Natural system (Bot. & Zo\'94l.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.

It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions. Gray.
-- Natural theology, ∨ Natural religion, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3. -- Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, § 17. Syn. -- See Native.

Natural

Nat"u*ral (?; 135), n.

1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. pl. Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs.] Fuller.

3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. "The minds of naturals." Locke.

4. (Mus.) A character [♮] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.

Naturalism

Nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisme.]

1. A state of nature; conformity to nature.

2. (Metaph.) The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.

Naturalist

Nat"u*ral*ist, n. [Cf. F. naturaliste.]

1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.

2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion. H. Bushnell.

Naturalistic

Nat`u*ral*is"tic (?), a.

1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.

2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. "Naturalistic bit of pantomime." W. D. Howells.

Naturality

Nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalit\'82.] Nature; naturalness. [R.]

Naturalization

Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisation.] The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.

Naturalize

Nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Naturalized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Naturalizing (#).] [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural.]

1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.

3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words.

4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions.

Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate. Hawthorne.

Naturalize

Nat"u*ral*ize, v. i.

1. To become as if native.

2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.

Infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell.

Naturally

Nat"u*ral*ly, adv. In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.

Naturalness

Nat"u*ral*ness, n. The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.

Nature

Na"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. natura, fr. natus born, produced, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.]

1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe.

But looks through nature up to nature's God. Pope.
Nature has caprices which art can not imitate. Macaulay.

2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence.

I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions. Milton.

3. The established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect.

4. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artifical, or forced, or remote from actual experience.

One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Shak.

5. The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being.

Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to thy nature join, And be thyself man among men on earth. Milton.

6. Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality.

A dispute of this nature caused mischief. Dryden.

7. Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life. "My days of nature." Shak.

Oppressed nature sleeps. Shak.

8. Natural affection or reverence.

Have we not seen The murdering son ascend his parent's bed, Through violated nature foce his way? Pope.

9. Constitution or quality of mind or character.

A born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick. Shak.
That reverence which is due to a superior nature. Addison.
Good nature, Ill nature. see under Good and Ill. -- In a state of nature. (a) Naked as when born; nude. (b) In a condition of sin; unregenerate. (c) Untamed; uncvilized. -- Nature printng, a process of printing from metallic or other plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an object such as a leaf, lace, or the like. -- Nature worship, the worship of the personified powers of nature. -- To pay the debt of nature, to die.

Nature

Na"ture, v. t. To endow with natural qualities. [Obs.]
He [God] which natureth every kind. Gower.

Natured

Na"tured (?; 135), a. Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; as, good-natured, ill-natured, etc.

Natureless

Na"ture*less (?), a. Not in accordance with nature; unnatural. [Obs.] Milton.

Naturism

Na"tur*ism (?), n. (Med.) The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent.

Naturist

Na"tur*ist, n. One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism. Boyle.

Naturity

Na*tu"ri*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Naturize

Na"tur*ize (?), v. t. To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Naufrage

Nau"frage (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. naufragium; navis + frangere.] Shipwreck; ruin. [Obs.] acon.

Naufragous

Nau"fra*gous (?), a. [L. naufragus. See Naufrage.] causing shipwreck. [Obs.] r. Taylor.

Naught

Naught (?), n. [OE. naught, nought, naht, nawiht, AS. n, n, n; ne not + wiht thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See No, adv. Whit, and cf. Aught, Not.]

1. Nothing. [Written also nought.]

Doth Job fear God for naught? Job i. 9.

2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher. To set at naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel." Prov. i. 25.

Naught

Naught, adv. In no degree; not at all. Chaucer.
To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax.

Naught

Naught, a.

1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.

It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer. Prov. xx. 14.
Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else. Shak.
Things naught and things indifferent. Hooker.

2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.]

No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller.

Naughtily

Naugh"ti*ly (?), adv. In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely. Shak.

Naughtiness

Naugh"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness.
I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart. 1 Sam. xvii. 28.

Naughtly

Naught"ly (?), adv. Naughtily; wrongly. [Obs.]
because my parents naughtly brought me up. Mir. for Mag.

Naughty

Naugh"ty (?), a. [Compar. Naughtier (?); superl. Naughtiest.]

1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.]

[Men] that needy be and naughty, help them with thy goods. Piers Plowman.

2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.]

The other basket had very naughty figs. Jer. xxiv. 2.

3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic]

So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shak.

4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child. &hand; This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure.

Naumachy

Nau"ma*chy (?), n. [L. naumachia, Gr.

1. A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions.

Nauplius

Nau"pli*us (?), n.; pl. Nauplii (#). [L., a kind of shellfish, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean larva having three pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antenn\'91, and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the body.

Nauropometer

Nau`ro*pom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Naut.) An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at sea.

Nauscopy

Naus"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. nauscopie.] (Naut.) The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable distances.

Nausea

Nau"se*a (? or , n. [L., fr. Gr. Nave of a church, and cf. Noise.] Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.

Nauseant

Nau"se*ant (?), n. [L. nauseans, p.pr. Of nauseare.] (Med.) A substance which produces nausea. <-- emetic -->

Nauseate

Nau"se*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nauseated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nauseating.] [L. nauseare, nauseatum, fr. nausea. See Nausea.] To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.

Nauseate

Nau"se*ate, v. t.

1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust.

2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.

The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods. Blackmore.

Nauseation

Nau`se*a"tion (?), n. The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated.

Nauseative

Nau"se*a*tive (? ∨ , a. Causing nausea; nauseous.

Nauseous

Nau"seous (?; 277), a. [L. nauseosus.] Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine. -- Nau"seous*ly, adv. -- Nau"seous*ness, n.
The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man. Dryden.

Nautch

Nautch (?), n. [Hind. n\'bech, fr. Skr. n dance.] An entertainment consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or Nautch) girls. [India]

Nautic

Nau"tic (?), a. [See Nautical.] Nautical.

Nautical

Nau"tic*al (?), a. [L. nauticus, Gr. nautique. See Nave of a church.] Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; as, nautical skill. Syn. -- Naval; marine; maritime. See Naval. Nautical almanac. See under Almanac. -- Nautical distance, the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line joining any two places on the earth's surface. -- nautical mile. see under Mile.

Nautically

Nau"tic*al*ly, adv. In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affais.

Nautiform

Nau"ti*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] Shaped like the hull of a ship.

Nautilite

Nau"ti*lite (?), n. (paleon.) A fossil nautilus.

Nautiloid

Nau"ti*loid (?), a. [Nautilus + -oid: cf. F. nautilo\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell. -- n. A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family Nautilid\'91.

Nautilus

Nau"ti*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Nautiluses (#), L. Nautili (#). [L., fr. gr. Nave of a church.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata. &hand; The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined.

2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and Paper nautilus, under Paper.

3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.

Navajoes

Na"va*joes (?), n. pl.; sing. Navajo (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.

Naval

Na"val (?), a. [L. navalis, fr. navis ship: cf. F. naval. See Nave of a church.] Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc.
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Naval brigade, a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land. -- Naval officer. (a) An officer in the navy. (b) A high officer in some United States customhouses. -- Naval tactics, the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets. Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime. -- Naval, Nautical. Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical, to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval, as opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or instruction, nautical calculations, a nautical almanac, etc.

Navals

Na"vals (?), n.pl. Naval affairs. [Obs.]

Navarch

Na"varch (?), n. [L. navarchus, gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of a fleet. Mitford.

Navarchy

Na"varch*y (?), n. [Gr. Nautical skill or experience. [Obs.] ir W. Petty.

Navarrese

Na`var*rese" (? ∨ , a. Of or pertaining to Navarre. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre.

Nave

Nave (?), n. [AS. nafu; akin to D. naaf, G. nabe, OHG. naba, Icel. n\'94f, Dan. nav, Sw. naf, Skr. n\'bebhi nave and navel: cf. L. umbo boss of a shield. \'fb260. Cf. Navel.]

1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob.

2. The navel. [Obs.] hak.

Nave

Nave, n. [F. nef, fr. L. navis ship, to which the church was often likened; akin to Gr. naca boat, G. nachen, Icel. n\'94kkvi; cf. L. nare to swim, float. Cf. Nausea, Nautical, Naval.] (Arch.) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.

Navel

Na"vel (?), n. [AS. nafela, fr. nafu nave; akin to D. navel, G. nabel, OHG. nabolo, Icel. nafli, Dan. navle, Sw. nafle, L. umbilicus, Gr. n. \'fb260. See Nave hub, and cf. Omphalic, Nombril, Umbilical.]

1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus.<-- called also belly button in humans -->

2. The central part or point of anything; the middle.

Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells. Milton.

3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage. Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril.

Navel-string

Na"vel-string` (?), n. The umbilical cord.

Navelwort

Na"vel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European perennial succulent herb (Cotyledon umbilicus), having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also called pennywort, and kidneywort.

Navew

Na"vew (?), n. [OE. navel, naveau, a dim. fr. L. napus navew. Cf. Napiform.] (Bot.) A kind of small turnip, a variety of Brassica campestris. See Brassica. [Writen also naphew.]

Navicular

Na*vic"u*lar (?), a. [L. navicularius, fr. navicula, dim. of navis ship: cf. F. naviculaire.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship.

2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; as, the navicular glumes of most grasses; the navicular bone. Navicular bone. (Anat.) (a) One of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale; -- called also scaphoid. (b) A proximal bone on the radial side of the carpus; the scaphoid. -- Navicular disease (Far.), a disease affecting the navicular bone, or the adjacent parts, in a horse's foot.

Navicular

Na*vic"u*lar, n. (Anat.) The navicular bone.

Navigability

Nav`i*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. navigabilit\'82.] The quality or condition of being navigable; navigableness.

Navigable

Nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. navigabilis: cf. F. navigable. See Navigate.] Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels; as, a navigable river. &hand; By the comon law, a river is considered as navigable only so far as the tide ebbs and flows in it. This is also the doctrine in several of the United tates. In other States, the doctrine of thje civil law prevails, which is, that a navigable river is a river capable of being navigated, in the common sense of the term. Kent. Burrill. -- Nav"i*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

Navigate

Nav"i*gate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Navigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Navigating.] [L. navigatus, p.p. of navigare, v.t. & i.; navis ship + agere to move, direct. See Nave, and Agent.] To joirney by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for commerce or communication; to sail.
The Phenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western Ocean. Arbuthnot.

Navigate

Nav"i*gate, v. t.

1. To pass over in ships; to sail over or on; as, to navigate the Atlantic.

2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon the water by the art or skill of seamen; as, to navigate a ship.

Navigation

Nav`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. navigatio: cf. F. navigation.]

1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable.

2. (a) the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy. (b) The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship.

3. Ships in general. [Poetic] Shak. A\'89rial navigation, the act or art of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons; a\'89ronautic.<-- now aviation --> -- Inland navigation, Internal navigation, navigation on rivers, inland lakes, etc.

Navigator

Nav"i*ga`tor (?), n. One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator.

Navigerous

Na*vig"er*ous (?), a. [L. naviger; navis ship + gerere to bear.] Bearing ships; capable of floating vessels. [R.] Blount.

Navvy

Nav"vy (?), n.; pl. Navies (#). [Abbreviated fr. navigator.] Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc. [Eng.]

Navy

Na"vy (?); n.; pl. Navies (#). [ OF. navie, fr. L. navis ship. See Nave of a church.]

1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. "The navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir." 1 kings x. 11.

2. The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; as, the navy of Italy.

3. The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as, he belongs to the navy. Navy bean. see Bean. -- Navy yard, a place set apart as a shore station for the use of the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews.

Nawab

Na*wab" (?), n. [See Nabob.] A deputy ruler or viceroy in India; also, a title given by courtesy to other persons of high rank in the East.

Nawl

Nawl (?), n. [See Nall.] An awl. [Obs.] usser.

Nay

Nay (?), adv. [Icel. nei; akin to E. no. See No, adv.]

1. No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by no. See Yes.

And eke when I say "ye," ne say not "nay." Chaucer.
I tell you nay; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish. Luke xiii. 3.
And now do they thrust us out privily? nay, verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out. Acts xvi. 37.
He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay. Old Prov.
&hand; Before the time of Henry VIII. nay was used to answer simple questions, and no was used when the form of the question involved a negative expression; nay was the simple form, no the emphatic. Skeat.

2. Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase. &hand; Nay in this sense may be interchanged with yea. "Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom's heir." Shak.

Nay

Nay, n.; pl. Nays (.

1. Denial; refusal.

2. a negative vote; one who votes in the negative. It is no nay, there is no denying it. [Obs.] haucer.

Nay

Nay, v. t. & i. To refuse. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Nayaur

Na*yaur" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A specied of wild sheep (Ovis Hodgsonii), native of Nepaul and Thibet. It has a dorsal mane and a white ruff beneath the neck.

Nayt

Nayt (?), v. t. [Icel. neita.] To refuse; to deny. [Obs.] "He shall not nayt ne deny his sin." Chaucer.

Nayward

Nay"ward (?), n. The negative side. [R.]
Howe'er you lean to the nayward. Shak.

Nayword

Nay"word` (?), n. A byword; a proverb; also, a watchword. [Obs.] hak.

Nazarene

Naz`a*rene" (?), n. [L. Nazarenus, Gr.

1. A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain heresies.

Nazarite

Naz"a*rite (?), n. A Jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time. The word is also used adjectively.

Nazariteship

Naz"a*rite*ship, n. The state of a Nazarite.

Nazaritic

Naz`a*rit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a Nazarite, or to Nazarites.

Nazaritism

Naz"a*ri*tism (?; 277), n. The vow and practice of a Nazarite.

Naze

Naze (?), n. [See Ness.] A promotory or headland.

Nazirite

Naz"i*rite (?), n. A Nazarite.

Ne

Ne (?), adv. [AS. ne. See No.] Not; never. [Obs.]
He never yet no villany ne said. Chaucer.
&hand; Ne was formerly used as the universal adverb of negation, and survives in certain compounds, as never (= ne ever) and none (= ne one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the Vocabulary, as nad, nam, nil. See Negative, 2.

Ne

Ne, conj. [See Ne, adv.] Nor. [Obs.] Shak.
No niggard ne no fool. Chaucer.
Ne . . . ne, neither . . . nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Neaf

Neaf (?), n. See 2d Neif. Shak.

Neal

Neal (?), v. t. To anneal. [R.] Chaucer.

Neal

Neal, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [R.] Bacon.

Neap

Neap (?), n. [Cf. Neb, Nape.] The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals. [U.S.]

Neap

Neap (?), a. [As. n&emac;pfl&omac;d neap flood; cf. hnipian to bend, incline.] Low. Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to spring tides.

Neap

Neap, n. A neap tide.
High springs and dead neaps. Harkwill.

Neaped

Neaped (?), a. (Naut.) Left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will not float till the next spring tide; -- called also beneaped.

Neapolitan

Ne`a*pol"i*tan (?), a. [L. Neapolitanus, fr. Neapolis Naples, Gr. Of of pertaining to Maples in Italy. -- n. A native or citizen of Naples.

Near

Near (?), adv. [AS. ne\'a0r, compar. of ne\'a0h nigh. See Nigh.]

1. At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh.

My wife! my traitress! let her not come near me. Milton.

2. Nearly; almost; well-nigh. "Near twenty years ago." Shak. "Near a fortnight ago." Addison.

Near about the yearly value of the land. Locke.

3. Closely; intimately. Shak. Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region. -- To come near to, to want but little of; to approximate to. "Such a sum he found would go near to ruin him." Addison. -- Near the wind (Naut.), close to the wind; closehauled.

Near

Near (?), a. [Compar. Nearer (?); superl. Nearest.] [See Near, adv.]

1. Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh. "As one near death." Shak.

He served great Hector, and was ever near, Not with his trumpet only, but his spear. Dryden.

2. Closely connected or related.

She is thy father's near kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 12.

3. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend.

4. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; as, a version near to the original.

5. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a near escape.

6. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. See Off side, under Off, a.

7. Immediate; direct; close; short. "The nearest way." Milton.

8. Close-fisted; parsimonious. [Obs. or Low, Eng.] &hand; Near may properly be followed by to before the thing approached'; but more frequently to is omitted, and the adjective or the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the word nigh. Syn. -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready; intimate; dear.

Near

Near, prep. Adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed near the land. See the Note under near, a.

Near

Near, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neared (?); p. pr. & vb. n Nearing.] [See Near, adv.] To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land.

Near

Near, v. i. To draw near; to approach.
A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared, and neared. Coleridge.

Nearctic

Ne*arc"tic (?), a. [Neo + arctic.] Of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including all of temperate and arctic North America and Greenland. In the geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as the habitat certain species.

Nearhand

Near"hand` (?), a. & adv. Near; near at hand; closely. [Obs. or Scot.] Bacon.

Near-legged

Near"-legged` (?), a. Having the feet so near together that they interfere in traveling. Shak.

Nearly

Near"ly, adv. In a near manner; not remotely; closely; intimately; almost.

Nearness

Near"ness, n. The state or quality of being near; -- used in the various senses of the adjective.

Nearsighted, a. Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted. -- Nearsightedness

Near"sight`ed (?), a. Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted. -- Near"sight`ed*ness, n. See Myopic, and Myopia. <-- neither def2 nor wordforms -->

Neat

Neat (?), n. sing. & pl. [AS. ne\'a0t; akin to OHG. n, Icel. naut, Sw. n\'94t, Dan. n\'94d, and to AS. ne\'a2tan to make use of, G. geniessen, Goth. niutan to have a share in, have joy of, Lith. nauda use, profit.] (Zo\'94l.) Cattle of the genus Bos, as distinguished from horses, sheep, and goats; an animal of the genus Bos; as, a neat's tongue; a neat's foot. Chaucer.
Wherein the herds[men] were keeping of their neat. Spenser.
The steer, the heifer, and the calf Are all called neat. Shak.
A neat and a sheep of his own. Tusser.
Neat's-foot, an oil obtained by boiling the feet of neat cattle. It is used to render leather soft and pliable.

Neat

Neat, a. [See neat, n.] Of or pertaining to the genus Bos, or to cattle of that genus; as, neat cattle.

Neat

Neat, a. [Compar. Neater (?); superl. Neatest.] [OE. nett, F. nett, fr. L. nitidus, fr. nitere to shine. Cf. Nitid, Net, a., Natty.]

1. Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy.

If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that was so surprisingly neat and clean. Law.

2. Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat style; a neat dress.

3. Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat brandy. "Our old wine neat." Chapman.

4. Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief.

5. With all deductions or allowances made; net. [In this sense usually written net. See Net, a., 3.] neat line (Civil Engin.), a line to which work is to be built or formed. -- Neat work, work built or formed to neat lines. Syn. -- Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce.

'Neath

'Neath (? ∨ , prep. & adv. An abbreviation of Beneath. [Poetic]

Neatherd

Neat"herd` (?), n. A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd. Dryden.

Neathouse

Neat"house` (?), n. A building for the shelter of neat cattle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Massinger.

Neatify

Neat"i*fy (?), v. t. [Neat, a. + -fy.] To make neat. [Obs.] olland.

Neatly

Neat"ly, adv. In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.

neatness

neat"ness, n. The state or quality of being neat.

Neatress

Neat"ress (?), n. [From neat cattle.] A woman who takes care of cattle. [R.] Warner.

Neb

Neb (?), n. [AS. nebb head, face; akin to D. neb, Icel. nef, beak of a bird, nose, Dan. n\'91b beak, bill, Sw. n\'84bb, n\'84f, and prob. also to D. sneb, snavel, bill, beak, G. schnabel, Dan. & Sw. snabel, and E. snap. Cf. Nib, Snap, Snaffle.] The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak.
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Nebalia

Ne*ba"li*a (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order (Nebaloidea, or Phyllocarida.)

Neb-neb

Neb"-neb` (?), n. Same as Bablh.

Nebula

Neb"u*la (?), n.; pl. Nebul\'91 (#). [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. nebel mist, OHG. nebul, D. nevel, Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule.]

1. (Astron.) A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebul\'91 are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope. <-- also applied now to galaxies -->

2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]

Nebular

Neb"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to nebul\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula. Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.

Nebulated

Neb"u*la`ted (?), a. Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.

nebulation

neb`u*la"tion (?), n. The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark.

Nebule

Neb"ule (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82bule. See nebula.] A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.]
O light without nebule. Old Ballad.

N\'82bul\'82, Nebuly

N\'82`bu`l\'82" (?), Neb"u*ly (?), a. [F. n\'82bul\'82.] (Her.) Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.

Nebulization

Neb`u*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.

Nebulize

Neb"u*lize (?), v. t. [See Nebula.] To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.

Nebulizer

Neb"u*li`zer (?), n. An atomizer.

Nebulose

Neb"u*lose` (?), a. Nebulous; cloudy. Derham.

Nebulosity

Neb`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. nebulositas: cf. F. n\'82bulosit\'82]

1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness; mistiness; nebulousness.

The nebulosity ... of the mother idiom. I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.) (a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed. (b) A nebula.

Nebulous

Neb"u*lous (?), a. [L. nebulosus: cf. F. n\'82buleux. See Nebula.]

1. Cloudy; hazy; misty.

2. (Astron.) Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike. -- Neb"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Neb"u*lous*ness, n.

Nebuly

Neb"u*ly, n. (Her. & Arch.) A line or a direction composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resembe a cloud. See N\'90bul\'90

Necessarian

Nec`es*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82cessarien. See Mecessary.] An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a nacessitarian.

Necessarian

Nec`es*sa"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to necessarianism.

Necessarianism

Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism. Hixley.

Necessarily

Nec"es*sa*ri*ly (?), adv. In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably.

Necessariness

Nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n. The quality of being necessary.

Necessary

Nec"es*sa*ry (?), a. [L. necessarius, from necesse unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. n\'82cessaire.]

1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable.

Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Shak.

2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requiste; essential. "'T is necessary he should die." Shak.

A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of our minds. Tillotson.

3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.

Necessary

Nec"es*sa*ry, n.; pl. Necessaries (.

1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life.

2. A privy; a water-closet.

3. pl. (Law) Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.

Necessitarian

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian.

Necessitarian

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.

Necessitarianism

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism. M. Arnold.

Necessitate

Ne*ces"si*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necessitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necessitating (?).] [Cf. L. necessitatus, p.p. of necessitare, and F. n\'82cessiter. See Necessity.]

1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable.

Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court. South.
This fact necessitates a second line. J. Peile.

2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.

The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army into York. Clarendon.

Necessitattion

Ne*ces`si*tat"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82cessitation.] The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion. [R.] bp. Bramhall.

Necessitied

Ne*ces"si*tied (?), a. In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.] Shak.

Necessitous

Ne*ces"si*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82cessiteux.]

1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.

Necessitous heirs and penurious parents. Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ly, adv. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ness, n.

Necessitude

Ne*ces"si*tude (?), n. [L. necessitudo, fr. necesse. See Necessray.]

1. Necessitousness; want. Sir M. Hale.

2. Necessary connection or relation.

Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a necessitude, propriety, and intercourse of nature. Jer. Taylor.

Necessity

Ne*ces"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Necessities (#). [OE. necessite, F. n\'82cessit\'82, L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See Necessary.]

1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.

2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want.

Urge the necessity and state of times. Shak.
The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in. Clarendon.

3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural.

These should be hours for necessities, Not for delights. Shak.
What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The vast necessity of heart and life. Tennyson.

4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality.

So spake the fiend, and with necessity, The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds. Milton.

5. (Metaph.) The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism. Of necessity, by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce. Syn. -- See Need.

Neck

Neck (?), n. [OE. necke, AS. hnecca; akin to D. nek the nape of the neck, G. nacken, OHG. nacch, hnacch, Icel. hnakki, Sw. nacke, Dan. nakke.]

1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.

2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal; as: (a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. (b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. (c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.

3. (Mech.) A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft.

4. (Bot.) the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root. Neck and crop, completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.] -- Neck and neck (Racing), so nearly equal that one cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by side. -- Neck of a capital. (Arch.) See Gorgerin. -- Neck of a cascabel (Gun.), the part joining the knob to the base of the breech. -- Neck of a gun, the small part of the piece between the chase and the swell of the muzzle. -- Neck of a tooth (Anat.), the constriction between the root and the crown. -- Neck or nothing (Fig.), at all risks. -- Neck verse. (a) The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, "Miserere mei," etc. Sir W. Scott. (b) Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth.

These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death. Fuller.
-- Neck yoke. (a) A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. (b) A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders. -- On the neck of, immediately after; following closely. "Commiting one sin on the neck of another." W. Perkins. -- Stiff neck, obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck." Deut. xxxi. 27. -- To break the neck of, to destroy the main force of. "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules... breaks the neck of their own cause." Milton.<-- = break the back of --> -- To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Neh. ix. 17. -- To tread on the neck of, to oppress; to tyrannize over.

Neck

Neck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necking.] (Mech.) To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; -- used with down; as, to neck down a shaft. <-- 2. v. t. & i. To kiss and caress amorously. n. necking -->

Neckar nut

Neck"ar nut` (?). (Bot.) See Nicker nut.

Neckband

Neck"band` (?), n. A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment.

Neckcloth

Neck"cloth` (?; 115), n. A piece of any fabric worn around the neck.

Necked

Necked (?), a.

1. Having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; as, stiff-necked.

2. (Naut.) Cracked; -- said of a treenail.

Neckerchief

Neck"er*chief (?), n. [For neck kerchief.] A kerchief for the neck; -- called also neck handkerchief.

Necking

Neck"ing, n. Same as Neckmold.

Necklace

Neck"lace (?; 48), n.

1. A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.

2. (Naut.) A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.

necklaced

neck"laced (?), a. Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace.
The hooded and the necklaced snake. Sir W. Jones.

neckland

neck"land (?), n. A neck of land. [Obs.]

necklet

neck"let (?), n. A necklace. E. Anold.

Neckmold, Neckmould

Neck"mold`, Neck"mould` (?), n. (Arch.) A small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of the shaft and capital. Weale.

Neckplate

Neck"plate` (?), n. See Gorget, 1 and 2.

Necktie

Neck"tie` (?), n. A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck.

Neckwear

Neck"wear` (?), n. A collective term for cravats, collars, etc. [Colloq. or trade name]

Neckweed

Neck"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An American annual weed (veronica peregrina), with small white flowers and a roundish pod. (b) The hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals. Dr. prior.

Necrobiosis

Nec`ro*bi*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol. & Med.) The death of a part by molecular disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy.<-- a normal dying out of cells in a tissue, contrast to necrosis --> Virchow.

Necrobiotic

Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol. & Med.) Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic metamorphosis.

Necrolatry

Ne*crol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the dead; manes worship. H. Spenser.

Necrolite

Nec"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) Same as Necronite.

Necrologic, Necrological

Nec`ro*log"ic (?), Nec`ro*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82crologique.] Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.

Necrologist

Ne*crol"o*gist (?), n. One who gives an account of deaths.

Necrology

Ne*crol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Necrologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. n\'82crologie. See Necromancy.] An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices.

Necromancer

Nec"ro*man`cer (?), n. One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard.

Necromancy

Nec"ro*man`cy (?), n. [OE. nigromaunce, nigromancie, OF. nigromance, F. n\'82cromance, n\'82cromancie, from L. necromantia, Gr. necare to kill, Skr. na() to perish, vanish) + mania. See Mania, and cf. Internecine, Noxious. The old spelling is due to confusion with L. niger black. Hence the name black art.] The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See Black art.
This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy plac\'8ad there. Drayton.

Necromantic

Nec`ro*man"tic (?), n. Conjuration. [R.]
With all the necromantics of their art. Young.

Necromantic, Necromantical

Nec`ro*man"tic (?), Nec`ro*man"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy. -- Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly, adv.

Necronite

Nec"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor.

Necrophagan

Ne*croph"a*gan (?), a. [See Necrophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating carrion. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe (Necrophaga) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.

Necrophagous

Ne*croph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. n\'82crophage.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Necrophaga; eating carrion. See Necrophagan.

Necrophobia

Nec`ro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies.

Necrophore

Nec"ro*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus Necrophorus and allied genera; -- called also burying beetle, carrion beetle, sexton beetle.

Necropolis

Ne*crop"o*lis (?), n.; pl. Necropolises (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard.

Necropsy

Nec"rop*sy (?), n. [Gr. n\'82cropsie.] (Med.) A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See Autopsy.

Necroscopic, Necroscopical

Nec`ro*scop"ic (?), Nec`ro*scop"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. -scope.] Or or relating to post-mortem examinations.

Necrose

Ne*crose" (?), v. t. & i. (Med.) To affect with necrosis; to unergo necrosis. Quain.

Necrosed

Ne*crosed" (?), a. (Med.) Affected by necrosis; dead; as, a necrosed bone. Dunglison.
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Necrosis

Ne*cro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. gr.

1. (med.) Mortification or gangrene of bone, or the death of a bone or portion of a bone in mass, as opposed to its death by molecular disintegration. See Caries.<-- now used differently : modern def = "pathologic death of part of a tissue due to irreversible damage" i.e. not just bone. Contrast to necrobiosis, which is a normal death of cels in a tissue -->

2. (Bot.) A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center.

Necrotic

Ne*crot"ic (?), a. (Med.) Affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process.

Nectar

Nec"tar (?), n. [L., fr. gr.

1. (Myth. & Poetic) The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage.

2. (Bot.) A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.

Nectareal

Nec*ta"re*al (?), a.

1. Nectareous.

2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a nectary.

Nectarean

Nec*ta"re*an (?), a. [L. nectareus: cf. F. nectar\'82en.] Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant. "nectarean juice." Talfourd.

Nectared

Nec"tared (?), a. Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar. Milton.

Nectareous

Nec*ta"re"ous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean. Pope. -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ly, adv. -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ness, n.

Nectarial

Nec*ta"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant.

Nectaried

Nec"ta*ried (?), a. Having a nectary.

Nectariferous

Nec`tar*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. nectar nectar + -ferous: cf. F. nectarif\'8are.] (Bot.) Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.

Nectarine

Nec"tar*ine (?), a. Nectareous. [R.] Milton.

Nectarine

Nec"tar*ine, n. [Cf. F. nectarine. See Nectar.] (Bot.) A smooth-skinned variety of peach. Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba.

Nectarize

Nec"tar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nectarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nectarizing (?).] To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Nectarous

Nec"tar*ous (?), a. Nectareous. Milton.

Nectary

Nec"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Nectaries (#). [From Nectar: cf. F. nectaire.] (Bot.) That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the Illustration of Nasturtium.

Nectocalyx

Nec`to*ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. Nectocalyces (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa. (b) One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ.

Nectosac, Nectosack

Nec"to*sac, Nec"to*sack (?), n. [Gr. sac, sack.] (Zo\'94l.) The cavity of a nectocalyx.

Nectostem

Nec"to*stem (?), n. [Gr. stem.] (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the Siphonophora.

Nedder

Ned"der (?), n. [See Adder.] (Zo\'94l.) An adder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

Neddy

Ned"dy (?), n.; pl. Neddies (. (Zo\'94l.) A pet name for a donkey.

Nee

Nee (?), p. p., fem. [F., fr. L. nata, fem. of natus, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.] Born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth; as, Madame de Sta\'89l, n\'82e Necker.<-- i.e. maiden name -->

Need

Need (?), n. [OE. need, neod, nede, AS. ne\'a0d, n&ymac;d; akin to D. nood, G. not, noth, Icel. nau&edh;r, Sw. & Dan. n\'94d, Goth. naups.]

1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want.

And the city had no need of the sun. Rev. xxi. 23.
I have no need to beg. Shak.
Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy. Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution. Chaucer.

Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes. Shak.

3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury. -- Need, Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of aid or relief.

Need

Need (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Needed; p. pr. & vb. n. Needing.] [See Need, n. Cf. AS. n to force, Goth. nau.] To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.
Other creatures all day long Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest. Milton.
&hand; With another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. "And the lender need not fear he shall be injured." Anacharsis (Trans. ).

Need

Need, v. i. To be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer.
When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. Locke.

Need

Need, adv. Of necessity. See Needs. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Needer

Need"er (?), n. One who needs anything. Shak.

Needful

Need"ful (?), a.

1. Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing. [Archaic] Chaucer.

The needful time of trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Necessary for supply or relief; requisite.

All things needful for defense abound. Dryden.
-- Need"ful*ly, adv. -- Need"ful*ness, n.

Needily

Need"i*ly (?), adv. [From Needy.] In a needy condition or manner; necessarily. Chaucer.

Neediness

Need"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence.

Needle

Nee"dle (?), n. [OE. nedle, AS. n; akin to D. neald, OS. n\'bedla, G. nadel, OHG. n\'bedal, n\'bedala, Icel. n\'bel, Sw. n\'86l, Dan. naal, and also to G. n\'84hen to sew, OHG. n\'bejan, L. nere to spin, Gr. snare: cf. Gael. & Ir. snathad needle, Gael. snath thread, G. schnur string, cord.]

1. A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing. Chaucer. &hand; In some needles(as for sewing machines) the eye is at the pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end.

2. See Magnetic needle, under Magnetic.

3. A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting.

4. (Bot.) One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See Pinus.

5. Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc. Dipping needle. See under Dipping. -- Needle bar, the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing machine is attached. -- Needle beam (Arch.), to shoring, the horizontal cross timber which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations in the lower part. -- Needle furze (Bot.), a prickly leguminous plant of Western Europe; the petty whin (Genista Anglica). -- Needle gun, a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender needle, or pin, into it. -- Needle loom (Weaving), a loom in which the weft thread is carried through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a shuttle. -- Needle ore (Min.), acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead, and copper occuring in acicular crystals; -- called also aikinite. -- Needle shell (Zo\'94l.), a sea urchin. -- Needle spar (Min.), aragonite. -- Needle telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position. -- Sea needle (Zo\'94l.), the garfish.

Needle

Nee"dle, v. t. To form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals.

Needle

Nee"dle, v. i. To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.

Needlebook

Nee"dle*book` (?), n. A book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck.

Needlecase

Nee"dle*case` (?), n. A case to keep needles.

Needlefish

Nee"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European great pipefich (Siphostoma, ∨ Syngnathus, acus); -- called also earl, and tanglefish. (b) The garfish.

needleful

nee"dle*ful (?), n.; pl. needlefuls (. As much thread as is used in a needle at one time.

Needle-pointed

Nee"dle-pointed` (?), a. Pointed as needles.

Needler

Nee"dler (?), n. One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles. Piers Plowman.

Needless

Nee"dless (?), a.

1. Having no need. [Obs.]

Weeping into the needless stream. Shak.

2. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requiste; as, needless labor; needless expenses.

3. Without sufficient cause; groundless; cuseless. "Needless jealousy." Shak. -- Need"less*ly, adv. -- Need"less*ness, n.

Needlestone

Nee"dle*stone` (?), n. (Min.) Natrolite; -- called also needle zeolite.

Needlewoman

Nee"dle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Needlewomen (. A woman who does needlework; a seamstress.

Needlework

Nee"dle*work` (?), n.

1. Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also, the business of a seamstress.

2. The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses.

Needly

Nee"dly (?), a. Like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard. R. D. Blackmore.

Needly

Need"ly (?), adv. [AS. n. See Need.] Necessarily; of necessity. [Obs.] hak.

Needment

Need"ment (?), n. Something needed or wanted. pl. Outfit; necessary luggage. [Archaic] Spenser.
Carrying each his needments. Wordsworth.

Needs

Needs (?), adv. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. -wards.] Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need.
A man must needs love mauger his head. Chaucer.
And he must needs go through Samaria. John iv. 4.
He would needs know the cause of his reulse. Sir J. Davies.

Needscost

Needs"cost` (?), adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Needsly

Needs"ly, adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Drayton.

Needy

Need"y (?), a. [Compar. Needer (?); superl. Neediest.]

1. Distressed by want of the means of living; very por; indigent; necessitous.

Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy in thy land. Deut. xv. 11.
Spare the bluches of needly merit. Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Necessary; requiste. [Obs.]

Corn to make your needy bread. Shak.

Neeld, Neele

Neeld (?), Neele (?), n. [See Needle.] A needle. [Obs.] Shak.

Neelghau

Neel"ghau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Nylghau.

Neem tree

Neem" tree` (?). [Hind. n\'c6m.] (Bot.) An Asiatic name for Melia Azadirachta, and M. Azedarach. See Margosa.

Neer

Neer (?), adv. & a. Nearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ne'er

Ne'er (? ∨ ?), adv. a contraction of Never.

Neese

Neese (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neesed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neesing.] [OE. nesen; akin to D. niezen, G. niesen, Icel. hnj&omac;sa.] To sneeze. [Obs.] [Written also neeze.]

Neesing

Nees"ing (?), n. Sneezing. [Obs.] "By his neesings a light doth shine." Job xli. 18.

Ne exeat

Ne` ex"e*at (?). [L. ne exeat regno let him not go out of the kingdom.] (Law) A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to abide a decree. Kent.

Nef

Nef (?; F. , n. [F. See Nave.] The nave of a church. Addison.

Nefand, Nefandous

Ne"fand (?), Ne*fan"dous (?), a. [L. nefandus not to be spoken; ne not + fari to speak.] Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable. [Obs.] "Nefand adominations." Sheldon. "Nefandous high treason." Cotton Mather.

Nefarious

Ne*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. nefarius, fr. nefas crime, wrong; ne not + fas divine law; akin to fari to speak. See No, adv., and Fate.] Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile. Syn. -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See Iniquitous. -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ness, n.

Nefasch

Ne"fasch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Distichodus. Several large species inhabit the Nile.

Nefast

Ne"fast (?), a. [L. nefastus.] Wicked. [R.]

Negation

Ne*ga"tion (?), n. [L. negatio, fr. negare to say no, to deny; ne not + the root of aio I say; cf. Gr. ah to say; cf. F. n\'82gation. See No, adv., and cf. Adage, Deny, Renegade.]

1. The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or will not be; denial; -- the opposite of affirmation.

Our assertions and negations should be yea and nay. Rogers.

2. (Logic) Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception; statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be inferred what it is or has.

Negative

Neg"a*tive (?), a. [F. n\'82gatif, L. negativus, fr. negare to deny. See Negation.]

1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.

If thou wilt confess, Or else be impudently negative. Shak.
Denying me any power of a negative voice. Eikon Basilike.
Something between an affirmative bow and a negative shake. Dickens.

2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism.

There in another way of denying Christ, ... which is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confess him. South.

3. (Logic) Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.

4. (Photog.) Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of right and left, are reversed.

5. (Chem.) Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative. &hand; This word, derived from electro-negative, is now commonly used in a more general sense, when acidiferous is the intended signification. Negative crystal. (a) A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a crystal. (b) A crystal which has the power of negative double refraction. See refraction. -- negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called resinous electricity. Opposed to positive electricity. Formerly, according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. see Electricity. -- Negative eyepiece. (Opt.) see under Eyepiece. -- Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some other quantity. See Negative sign (below). -- Negative rotation, right-handed rotation. See Right-handed, 3. -- Negative sign, the sign -, or minus (opposed in signification to +, or plus), indicating that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus, in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as opposite to it in value; and -10\'f8 on a thermometer means 10\'f8 below the zero of the scale.

Page 969

Negative

Neg"a*tive, n. [Cf. F. n\'82gative.]

1. A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.

This is a known rule in divinity, that there is no command that runs in negatives but couches under it a positive duty. South.

2. A word used in denial or refusal; as, not, no. &hand; In Old England two or more negatives were often joined together for the sake of emphasis, whereas now such expressions are considered ungrammatical, being chiefly heard in iliterate speech. A double negative is now sometimes used as nearly or quite equivalent to an affirmative.

No wine ne drank she, neither white nor red. Chaucer.
These eyes that never did nor never shall So much as frown on you. Shak.

3. The refusal or withholding of assents; veto.

If a kind without his kingdom be, in a civil sense, nothing, then ... his negative is as good as nothing. Milton.

4. That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.

5. (Photog.) A picture upon glass or other material, in which the light portions of the original are represented in some opaque material (usually reduced silver), and the dark portions by the uncovered and transparent or semitransparent ground of the picture. &hand; A negative is chiefly used for producing photographs by means of the sun's light passing through it and acting upon sensitized paper, thus producing on the paper a positive picture.<-- now, not sun's light but artificial light is used -->

6. (Elect.) The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell. Negative pregnant (Law), a negation which implies an affirmation.

Negative

Neg"a*tive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negatived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Negativing.]

1. To prove unreal or intrue; to disprove.

The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative the existence of miracles. Paley.

2. To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill.

3. To neutralize the force of; to counteract.

Negatively

Neg"a*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a negative manner; with or by denial. "He answered negatively." Boyle.

2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; -- opposed to positively.

negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it does consist. South.
Negatively charged ∨ electrified (Elec.), having a charge of the kind of electricity called negative.

Negativeness, Negativity

Neg"a*tive*ness, Neg`a*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being negative.

Negatory

Neg"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. negatorius: cf. F. n\'82gatorie.] Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative. Carlyle.

Neginoth

Neg"i*noth (?), n. pl. [Heb. n&ecr;g\'c6n&omac;th.] (Script.) Stringed instruments. Dr. W. Smith.
To the chief musician on Neginoth. Ps. iv. 9heading).

Neglect

Neg*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neglected; p. pr. & vb. n. Neglecting.] [L. neglectus, p.p. of neglegere (negligere) to disregard, neglect, the literal sense prob. neing, not to pick up; nec not, nor (fr. ne not + -que, a particle akin to Goth. -h, -uh, and prob. to E. who; cf. Goth. nih nor) + L. legere to pick up, gather. See No, adv., Legend, Who.]

1. Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to disregard; to slight; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay debts.

I hope My absence doth neglect no great designs. Shak.
This, my long suffering and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste. Milton.

2. To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight; as, to neglect strangers. Syn. -- To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See Slight.

Neglect

Neg*lect", n. [L. neglectus. See Neglect, v.]

1. Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or heed anything; culpable disregard; as, neglect of business, of health, of economy.

To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton.

2. Omission if attention or civilities; slight; as, neglect of strangers.

3. Habitual carelessness; negligence.

Age breeds neglect in all. Denham.

4. The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected.

Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect. Prior.
Syn. -- Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness; indifference. See Negligence. <-- benign neglect. -- A deliberate policy of minimizing public discussion of a controversial issue [by the president] on the theory that excessive discussion in itself is harmful or counterproductive -->

Neglectedness

Neg*lect"ed*ness, n. The state of being neglected.

Neglecter

Neg*lect"er (?), n. One who neglects. South.

Neglectful

Neg*lect"ful (?), a. Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive; indifferent. Pope.
A cold and neglectful countenance. Locke.
Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not entirely neglectful of it. Arbuthnot.
-- Neg*lect"ful*ly, adv. -- Neg*lect"ful*ness, n.

Neglectingly

Neg*lect"ing*ly, adv. Carelessly; heedlessly. Shak.

Neglection

Neg*lec"tion (?), n. [L. neglectio.] The state of being negligent; negligence. [Obs.] Shak.

Neglective

Neg*lect"ive (?), a. Neglectful. [R.] "Neglective of their own children." Fuller.

Negligee

Neg`li*gee" (?), n. [F. n\'82glig\'82, fr. n\'82gliger to neglect, L. negligere. See Neglect.] An easy, unceremonious attire; undress; also, a kind of easy robe or dressing gown worn by women.

Negligence

Neg"li*gence (?), n. [F. n\'82gligence, L. negligentia.] The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness.

2. An act or instance of negligence or carelessness.

remarking his beauties, ... I must also point out his negligences and defects. Blair.

3. (Law) The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being convertible with the Roman culpa. A specialist is bound to higher skill and diligence in his specialty than one who is not a specialist, and liability for negligence varies acordingly. Contributory negligence. See under Contributory. Syn. -- Neglect; inattention; heedlessness; disregard; slight. -- Negligence, Neglect. These two words are freely interchanged in our older writers; but a distinction has gradually sprung up between them. As now generally used, negligence is the habit, and neglect the act, of leaving things undone or unattended to. We are negligent as a general trait of character; we are guilty of neglect in particular cases, or in reference to individuals who had a right to our attentions.

Negligent

Neg"li*gent (?), a. [F. n\'82gligent, L. negligens,p.pr. of negligere. See Neglect.] Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterized by negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of attention; as, disposed in negligent order. "Be thou negligent of fame." Swift.
He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being poor. Rambler.
Syn. -- Careles; heedless; neglectful; regardless; thoughtless; indifferent; inattentive; remiss.

Negligently

Neg"li*gent*ly (?), adv. In a negligent manner.

Negligible

Neg"li*gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82gligible, n\'82gligeable.] That may neglicted, disregarded, or left out of consideration.
Within very negligible limits of error. Sir J. Herschel.

Negoce

Ne*goce" (?), n. [F. n\'82goce. See Negotiate.] Business; occupation. [Obs.] Bentley.

Negotiability

Ne*go`ti*a*bil"i*ty (? ∨ ?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82gociabilit\'82.] The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.

Negotiable

Ne*go"ti*a*ble (? ∨ ?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82gotiable. See Negotiate.] Capable of being negotiated; transferable by assigment or indorsement to another person; as, a negotiable note or bill of exchange. Negotiable paper, any commercial paper transferable by sale or delivery and indorsement, as bills of exchange, drafts, checks, and promissory notes.

Negotiant

Ne*go"ti*ant (?), n. [L. negotians, prop. p.pr. of negotiari: cf. F. n\'82gociant.] A negotiator. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Negotiate

Ne*go"ti*ate (?), v. i. [L. negotiatus, p.p. of negotiari, fr. negotium business; nec not + otium leisure. Cf. Neglect.]

1. To transact business; to carry on trade. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. To treat with another respecting purchase and sale or some business affair; to bargain or trade; as, to negotiate with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm.

3. To hold intercourse respecting a treaty, league, or convention; to treat with, respecting peace or commerce; to conduct communications or conferences.

He that negotiates between God and man Is God's ambassador. Cowper.

4. To intrigue; to scheme. [Obs.] Bacon.

Negotiate

Ne*go"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negotiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Negotiating (?).]

1. To carry on negotiations concerning; to procure or arrange for by negotiation; as, to negotiate peace, or an exchange.

Constantinople had negotiated in the isles of the Archipelago ... the most indispensable supplies. Gibbon.

2. To transfer for a valuable consideration under rules of commercial law; to sell; to pass.

The notes were not negotiated to them in the usual course of business or trade. Kent.

Negotiation

Ne*go`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. negotiatio: cf. F. n\'82gociation.]

1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. etc.

2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. [Obs.]

Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' negotiation in the East Indies. Evelyn.

3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties, composing difference, etc.; as, the negotiations at Ghent.

An important negotiation with foreign powers. Macaulay.

Negotiator

Ne*go"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. n\'82gociateur.] One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.

Negotiatory

Ne*go"ti*a*to*ry (? ∨ ?), a. Of or pertaining to negotiation.

Negotiatrix

Ne*go`ti*a"trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who negotiates. Miss Edgeworth.

Negotiosity

Ne*go`ti*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. negotiositas.] The state of being busy; multitude of business. [Obs.]

Negotious

Ne*go"tious (?), a. [L. negotiosus.] Very busy; attentive to business; active. [R.] D. Rogers.

Negotiousness

Ne*go"tious*ness, n. The state of being busily occupied; activity. [R.] D. Rogers.

Negress

Ne"gress (?), n.; pl. Negresses (. [Cf. F. n\'82grese, fem. of n\'82gre a negro. See Negro.] A black woman; a female negro.

Negrita

Ne*gri"ta (?), n. [Sp., blackish, fem. of negrito, dim. of negro black.] (Zo\'94l.) A blackish fish (Hypoplectrus nigricans), of the Sea-bass family. It is a native of the West Indies and Florida.

Negritic

Ne*grit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to negroes; composed of negroes. Keary.

Negritos

Ne*gri"tos (?), n. pl.; sing Negrito (. [Sp., dim. of negro black.] (Ethnol.) A degraded Papuan race, inhabiting Luzon and some of the other east Indian Islands. They resemble negroes, but are smaller in size. They are mostly nomads.

Negro

Ne"gro (?), n.; pl. Negroes (. [Sp. or Pg. negro, fr. negro black, L. niger; perh. akin to E. night.] A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.<-- 2. A person of dark skin color descended at least in part from African negroes; an African-American. [U.S. usage, sometimes considered offensive.] -->

Negro

Ne"gro, a. of or pertaining to negroes; black. Negro bug (Zo\'94l.), a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor. -- negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West Indies. see Durra. McElrath. -- Negro fly (Zo\'94l.), a black dipterous fly (Psila ros\'91) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also carrot fly. -- Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath. -- Negro monkey (Zo\'94l.), the moor monkey.

Negroid

Ne"groid (?), a. [Negro + -oid.]

1. Characteristic of the negro.

2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro.

Negroloid

Ne"gro*loid (?), a. See Negroid.

Negus

Ne"gus (?), n. A beverage made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice; -- so called, it is said, from its first maker, Colonel Negus.

Nehiloth

Ne"hi*loth (?), n. pl. [Heb.] (Script.) A term supposed to mean, perforated wind instruments of music, as pipes or flutes. Ps. v. (heading).

Nehushtan

Ne*hush"tan (?), n. [Heb.] A thing of brass; -- the name under which the Israelites worshiped the brazen serpent made by Moses. 2 Kings xviii. 4.

Neif, Neife

Neif, Neife (?), n. [OF. ne\'8bf, na\'8bf, a born serf, fr. L. nativus born, imparted by birth. See Native.] A woman born in the state of villeinage; a female serf. Blackstone.

Neif, Neaf

Neif, Neaf (?), n. [Icel. hnefi; akin to Dan. n\'91ve, Sw. n\'84fve.] The first. [Obs.] "I kiss thy neif." "Give me your neaf." Shak.

Neigh

Neigh (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neighing.] [OE. neien, AS. hn, prob. of imitative origin; cf. MHG. n, Icel. hneggja, gneggja, Sw. gn\'84gga. Cf. Nag a horse.]

1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny.

2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.]

Neighed at his nakedness. Beau. & Fl.

Neigh

Neigh, n. The cry of a horse; a whinny.

Neighbor

Neigh"bor (?), n. [OE. neighebour, AS. ne\'a0hgeb; ne\'a0h nigh + gebr a dweller, farmer; akin to D. nabuur, G. nachbar, OHG. n\'behgib. See Nigh, and Boor.] [Spelt also neighbour.]

1. A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off. Chaucer.

Masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbors. Shak.

2. One who is near in sympathy or confidence.

Buckingham No more shall be the neighbor to my counsel. Shak.

3. One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of the human race; a fellow being.

Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves? Luke x. 36.
The gospel allows no such term as "stranger;" makes every man my neighbor. South.

Neighbor

Neigh"bor, a. Near to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring. "The neighbor cities." Jer. l. 40. "The neighbor room." Shak.

neighbor

neigh"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neighbored (?); p. pr. & vb. n Neighboring.]

1. To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to.

Leisurely ascending hills that neighbor the shore. Sandys.

2. To associate intimately with. [Obs.] Shak.

Neighbor

Neigh"bor, v. i. To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near. [Obs.]
A copse that neighbors by. Shak.

Neighborhood

Neigh"bor*hood (?), n. [Written also neighbourhood.]

1. The quality or condition of being a neighbor; the state of being or dwelling near; proximity.

Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighborhood. Ld. Lytton.

2. A place near; vicinity; adjoining district; a region the inhabitants of which may be counted as neighbors; as, he lives in my neighborhood.

3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other; as, the fire alarmed all the neiborhood.

4. The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good will. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Vicinity; vicinaty; proximity. -- Neighborhood, Vicinity. Neigborhood is Anglo-Saxon, and vicinity is Latin. Vicinity does not commonly denote so close a connection as neighborhood. A neigborhood is a more immediately vicinity. The houses immediately adjoining a square are in the neighborhood of that square; those which are somewhat further removed are also in the vicinity of the square.

Neighboring

Neigh"bor*ing, a. Living or being near; adjacent; as, the neighboring nations or countries.

Neighborliness

Neigh"bor*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being neighborly.

Neighborly

Neigh"bor*ly, a. [Also written neighbourly.] Apropriate to the relation of neighbors; having frequent or familiar intercourse; kind; civil; social; friendly. -- adv. In a neigborly manner.
Judge if this be neighborly dealing. Arbuthnot.

Neighborship

Neigh"bor*ship, n. The state of being neighbors. [R.] J. Bailie.

Neishout

Neis"hout (?), n. [From D. niezen to sneeze + hout wood.] (Bot.) The mahogany-like wood of the South African tree Pteroxylon utile, the sawdust of which causes violent sneezing (whence the name). Also called sneezewood.

Neither

Nei"ther (? ∨ ?; 277), a. [OE. neiter, nother, nouther, AS. n\'bew, n\'behw\'91; n\'be never, not + hw\'91 whether. The word has followed the form of either. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neuter, Nor.] Not either; not the one or the other.
Which of them shall I take? Both? one? or neither? Neither can be enjoyed, If both remain alive. Shak.
He neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak.

Neither

Nei"ther, conj. not either; generally used to introduce the first of two or more co\'94rdinate clauses of which those that follow begin with nor.
Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king. 1 Kings xxii. 31.
Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me. Milton.
When she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell, nor give, nor lose it. Shak.
&hand; Neither was formerly often used where we now use nor. "For neither circumcision, neither uncircumcision is anything at all." Tyndale. "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." Gen. iii. 3. Neither is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause to enforce a foregoing negative (nor, not, no). "He is very tall, but not too tall neither." Addison. " \'bfI care not for his thrust' \'bfNo, nor I neither.'" Shak. Not so neither, by no means. [Obs.] Shak.

Nelumbo

Ne*lum"bo (?), n. [Ceylonese word.] (Bot.) A genus of great water lilies. The North American species is Nelumbo lutea, the Asiatic is the sacred lotus, N. speciosa. [Written also Nelumbium.]
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Nemaline

Nem"a*line (?), a. [L. nema thread, gr. (Min.) Having the form of threads; fibrous.

Nemalite

Nem"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. n\'82malite.] (Min.) A fibrous variety of brucite.

Nematelmia

Nem`a*tel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nemathelminthes.

Nemathecium

Nem`a*the"ci*um (? ∨ , n.; pl. Nemathecia (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.) A peculiar kind of fructification on certain red alg\'91, consisting of an external mass of filaments at length separating into tetraspores.

Nemthelminthes, Nematelminthes

Nem`thel*min"thes (?), Nem`a*tel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nemato-, and Helminthes.] (Zo\'94l.) An ordr of helminths, including the Nematoidea and Gordiacea; the roundworms. [Written also Nematelminthea.]

Nemato-

Nem"a*to- (?). A combining from Gr. nh^ma, nh`matos, a thread.

Nematoblast

Nem"a*to*blast (?), n. [Nemato- + -blast.] (Biol.) A spermatocyte or spermoblast.

Nematocalyx

Nem`a*to*ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. Nematocalyces (#), E. -calyxes (#). [NL. See Nemato-, and Calyx.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of cups, or calicles, found upon hydroids of the family Plumularid\'91. They contain nematocysts. See Plumularia.

Nematocera

Nem`a*toc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of dipterous insects, having long antenn\'91, as the mosquito, gnat, and crane fly; -- called also Nemocera.

Nematocyst

Nem"a*to*cyst (?), n. [Nemato- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A lasso cell, or thread cell. See Lasso cell, under Lasso.

Nematode

Nem"a*tode (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nematoid.

Nematogene

Nem"a*to*gene (?), n. [Nemato- + root of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyemata, which produced vermiform embryos; -- opposed to rhombogene.

Nematognath

Nem`a*tog"nath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) one of the Nematognathi.

Nematognathi

Nem`a*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See nemato-, and Gnathic.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having barbels on the jaws. It includes the catfishes, or siluroids. See Siluroid.

Nematoid

Nem"a*toid (?), a. [Nemato- + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to the Nematoidea. -- n. One of the Nematoidea. see Illustration in Appendix.

Nematoidea

Nem`a*toi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of worms, having a long, round, and generally smooth body; the roundworms. they are mostly parasites. Called also Nematodea, and Nematoda. &hand; The trichina, stomach worm, and pinworm of man belong to this group. See also Vinegar eel, under Vinegar, and Gapeworm.

Nematoidean

Nem`a*toid"e*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Nematoid.

Nematophora

Nem`a*toph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as C\'91lenterata.

Nemean

Ne"me*an (?; 277), a. [L. Nemeus, fr. Nemea, Ge. Of or pertaining to Nemea, in Argolis, where the ancient Greeks celebrated games, and Hercules killed a lion.

Nemetean

Ne*me"te*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Nemertina. -- n. One of the Nemertina.

Nemertes

Ne*mer"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nemertina.

Nemertian

Ne*mer"ti*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Nemertean.

Nemertid

Ne*mer"tid (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Nemertean.

Nemertida

Ne*mer"ti*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Nemertina.

Nemertina

Nem`er*ti"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nemrtes.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth, often bright-colored body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; -- called also Nemertea, Nemertida, and Rhynchoc\'91la. &hand; The mouth is beneath the head, and the straight intestine at the posterior and. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis, which can be everted from a pore in the front of the head. Their nervous system and blood vessels are well developed. Some of the species become over one hundred feet long. They are mostly marine and seldom parasitic; a few inhabit fresh water. the two principal divisions are Anopla and Enopla.

Nemesis

Nem"e*sis (?), n. [L., fr. gr. Nomad.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance.
This is that ancient doctrine of nemesis who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offense go unchastised. Emerson.

Nemophilist

Ne*moph"i*list (?), n. [See Nemophily.] One who is fond of forest or forest scenery; a haunter of the woods. [R.]

Nemophily

Ne*moph"i*ly (?), n. [Gr. Fondness for forest scenery; love of the woods. [R.]

Nemoral

Nem"o*ral (?), a. [L. nemoralis, fr. nemus, nemoris, a wood or grove: cf. F. n\'82moral.] Of or pertaining to a wood or grove. [R.]

Nemorous

Nem"o*rous (?), a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody. [R.]
Paradise itself was but a kind of nemorous temple. Evelyn.

Nempne

Nemp"ne (?), v. t. [AS. nemnan to name or call. See Name, v.] To name or call. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nempt

Nempt (?), p. p. of Nempne. Called; named. [Obs.]

Nems

Nems (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ichneumon.

Nenia

Ne"ni*a (?), n. [L. nenia, naenia.] A funeral song; an elegy.

Nenuphar

Nen"u*phar (?), n. [F. n\'82nufar: cf. Sp. nen\'a3far, It. nenuf\'a0r; all fr. Per. n\'c6l.] (Bot.) The great white water lily of Europe; the Nymph\'91a alba.

Neo-

Ne"o- (. [Gr. New.] A prefix meaning new, recent, late; and in chemistry designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons which, when the name was applied, had been recently classified, and in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with normal and iso-; as, neopentane; the neoparaffins. Also used adjectively.

Neocarida

Ne`o*car"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) The modern, or true, Crustacea, as distinguished from the Merostomata.

Neocene

Ne"o*cene (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.) More recent than the Eocene, that is, including both the Miocene and Pliocene divisions of the Tertiary.

Neo-Christianity

Ne`o-Chris*tian"i*ty (? ∨ ?), n. [Neo- + Christianity.] Rationalism.

Neocomian

Ne`o*co"mi*an (?), n. [From Neocomium, the Latin name of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, where these rocks occur.] (Geol.) A term applied to the lowest deposits of the Cretaceous or chalk formation of Europe, being the lower greensand.

Neocomian

Ne`o*co"mi*an, a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lower greensand.

Neocosmic

Ne`o*cos"mic (?), a. [Neo- + cosmic.] of or pertaining to the universe in its present state; specifically, pertaining to the races of men known to history.

Neocracy

Ne*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Neo-+ -cracy, as in aristocracy.] Government by new or inexperienced hands; upstart rule; raw or untried officials.

Neodamode

Ne*od"a*mode (?), n. [Gr. dh`mos, the people + In ancient Sparta, one of those Helots who were freed by the state in reward for military service. Milford.

Neodymium

Ne`o*dym"i*um (?), n. [NL. Dee Neo-, and Didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8.

Neog\'91an

Ne`o*g\'91"an (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the New World, or Western Hemisphere.

Neogamist

Ne*og"a*mist (?), n. [Gr. A person recently married.

Neogen

Ne"o*gen (?), n. [Neo- + -gen.] (Chem.) An alloy resembling silver, and consisting chiefly of copper, zinc, and nickel, with small proportions of tin, aluminium, and bismuth. Ure.

Neography

Ne*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Neo- + -graphy.] A new method or system of writing.

Neo-Latin

Ne`o-Lat"in (?), a. [Neo- + Latin.] Applied to the Romance languages, as being mostly of Latin origin.

Neolithic

Ne`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Neo- + -lith + -ic.] (Arch\'91ol. & Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone.
The Neolithic era includes the latter half of the "Stone age;" the human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or "crannogs," of the British Isles, belong to this era. Lubbock.

Neologian

Ne`o*lo*gi*an (?), a. Neologic; neological.

Neologian

Ne`o*lo"gi*an, n. A neologist.

Neologianism

Ne`o*lo"gi*an*ism (?), n. Neologism.

Neologic, Neological

Ne`o*log"ic (?), Ne`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to neology; employing new words; of the nature of, or containing, new words or new doctrines.
A genteel neological dictionary. Chesterfield.

Neologically

Ne`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a neological manner.

Neologism

Ne*ol"o*gism (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82ologisme.]

1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense. Mrs. Browning.

2. A new word, phrase, or expression.

3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.

Neologist

Ne*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82ologiste.]

1. One who introduces new word or new senses of old words into a language.

2. An innovator in any doctrine or system of belif, especially in theology; one who introduces or holds doctrines subversie of supernatural or revealed religion; a rationalist, so-called.

Neologistic, Neologistical

Ne*ol`o*gis"tic (?), Ne*ol`o*gis"tic*al (?), a. of or pertaining to neology; neological.

Neologization

Ne*ol`o*gi*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of neologizing.

Neologize

Ne*ol"o*gize (?), v. i.

1. To introduce or use new words or terms or new uses of old words.

2. To introduce innovations in doctrine, esp. in theological doctrine.

Neology

Ne*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Neo- + -logy: cf. F. n\'82ologie.]

1. The introduction of a new word, or of words or significations, into a language; as, the present nomenclature of chemistry is a remarkable instance of neology.

2. A new doctrine; esp. (Theol.), a doctrine at variance with the received interpretation of revealed truth; a new method of theological interpretation; rationalism.

Neomenia

Ne`o*me"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. The time of the new moon; the beginning of the month in the lunar calendar.

Neomenoidea

Ne`o*me*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Neomenia, a representative genus (See Neomenia) + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of vermiform gastropod mollusks, without a shell, belonging to the Isopleura.

Neomorph

Ne"o*morph (?), n. [Neo- + Gr. (Biol.) A structure, part, or organ developed independently, that is, not derived from a similar structure, part, or organ, in a pre existing form.

Neonism

Ne"o*nism (?), n. Neologism.

Neonomian

Ne`o*no"mi*an (?), n. [Neo- + gr. One who advocates adheres to new laws; esp. one who holds or believes that the gospel is a new law.

Neonomian

Ne`o*no"mi*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Neonomians, or in accordance with their doctrines.

Neonomianism

Ne`o*no"mi*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines or belief of the neonomians.

Neophyte

Ne"o*phyte (?), n. [L. neophytis, Gr. n\'82ophyte. See New, and Be.]

1. A new convert or proselyte; -- a name given by the early Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to such as have recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, esp. to converts from heathenism or Judaism.

2. A novice; a tyro; a beginner in anything.

Neoplasia

Ne`o*pla"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol. & Med.) Growth or development of new material; neoplasty.

Neoplasm

Ne"o*plasm (?), n. [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.) A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action.

Neoplastic

Ne`o*plas"tic (?), a. (Physiol. & Med.) of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia.

Neoplasty

Ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.) Restoration of a part by granulation, adhesive inflammation, or autoplasty.

Neoplatonic

Ne`o*pla"ton"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Neoplatonism or the Neoplatonists.

Neoplatonician

Ne`o*pla`to*ni"cian (?), n. A neoplatonist.

Neoplatonism

Ne`o*pla"to*nism (?), n. [Neo- + Platonism.] A pantheistic eclectic school of philosophy, of which Plotinus was the chief (A. D. 205-270), and which sought to reconcile the Platonic and Aristotelian systems with Oriental theosophy. It tended to mysticism and theurgy, and was the last product of Greek philosophy.

Neoplatonist

Ne`o*pla"to*nist (?), n. One who held to Neoplatonism; a member of the Neoplatonic school.

Neorama

Ne`o*ra"ma (? ∨ ?), n. [Gr. A panorama of the interior of a building, seen from within.

Neossine

Ne*os"sine (?), n. [Gr. The substance constituting the edible bird's nest.

Neossology

Ne`os*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Zo\'94l.) The study of young birds.

Neoteric, Neoterical

Ne`o*ter"ic (?), Ne`o*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. neotericus, gr. Recent in origin; modern; new. "Our neoteric verbs." Fitzed. Hall.
Some being ancient, others neoterical. Bacon.

Neoteric

Ne`o*ter"ic, n. One of modern times; a modern.

Neoterically

Neo`ter"ic*al*ly (?), adv. Recently; newly.

Neoterism

Ne*ot"er*ism (?), n. [Gr. An innovation or novelty; a neoteric word or phrase.

Neoterist

Ne*ot"er*ist, n. One ho introduces new word Fitzed Hall.

Neoterize

Ne*ot"er*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neoterized; p. pr. & vb. n. Neoterized.] [Gr. To innovate; to coin or introduce new words.
Freely as we of the nineteenth century neoterize. fized. Hall.

Neotropical

Ne`o*trop"ic*al (?), a. [Neo- + tropical.] (Geog. & Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or designating, a region of the earth's surface which comprises most of South America, the Antilles, and tropical North America.

Neozoic

Ne`o*zo"ic (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.) More recent than the Paleozoic, -- that is, including the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

Nep

Nep (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. Nepeta.] (Bot.) Catnip.

Nepa

Ne"pa (?), n. [L. nepa scorpion.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of aquatic hemipterus insects. The species feed upon other insects and are noted for their voracity; -- called also scorpion bug and water scorpion.

Nepaulese

Nep`au*lese" (? ∨ ?), a. Of or pertaining to Nepaul, a kingdom in Northern Hindostan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Nepaul.<-- now = Nepalese -->

Nepenthe

Ne*pen"the (?), n. [Fr. Gr. A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and sorrow; -- by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence, anything soothing and comforting.
Lulled with the sweet nepenthe of a court. Pope.
Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe. Poe.

Nepenthes

Ne*pen"thes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Nepenthe.]

1. Same as Nepenthe. Milton.

2. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants found in India, Malaya, etc., which have the leaves prolonged into a kind of stout tendril terminating in a pitcherlike appendage, whence the plants are often called pitcher plants and monkey-cups. There are about thirty species, of which the best known is Nepenthes distillatoria. See Pitcher plant.

Nepeta

Nep"e*ta (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate plants, including the catnip and ground ivy.

Nephalism

Neph"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. n\'82phalisme.] Total abstinence from spirituous liquor.
Page 971

Nephalist

Neph"a*list (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82phaliste.] One who advocates or practices nephalism.

Nepheline, Nephelite

Neph"e*line (?), Neph"e*lite (?), n. [gr. n\'82ph\'82line. Cf. Nebula.] (Min.) A mineral occuring at Vesuvius, in glassy agonal crystals; also elsewhere, in grayish or greenish masses having a greasy luster, as the variety el\'91olite. It is a silicate of aluminia, soda, and potash.

Nephelodometer

Neph`e*lo*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for reckoning the distances or velocities of clouds.

Nephelometer

Neph`e*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring or registering the amount of cloudiness.

Nephew

Neph"ew (?; in England , n. [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nep\'bet grandson, descendant. &root;262. Cf. Niece, Nepotism.]

1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.]

But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren,]. 1 Tim. v. 4.
If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers. Jer. Taylor.

2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Chaucer.

Nephilim

Neph"i*lim (?), n. pl. [Heb. n.] Giants. Gen. vi. 4. Num. xiii. 33.

Nephoscope

Neph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for observing the clouds and their velocity.

Nephralgia, Nephralgy

Ne*phral"gi*a (?), Ne*phral"gy (?), n. [NL. nephralgia, fr. Gr. n\'82phralgie.] (Med.) Neuralgia of the kidneys; a disease characterized by pain in the region of the kidneys without any structural lesion of the latter. Quain.

Nephridial

Ne*phrid"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) of or pertaining to a nephridium.

Nephridium

Ne*phrid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Nephridia (#). [NL., fr. gr. kidneys.] (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) A segmental tubule; one of the tubules of the primitive urinogenital organs; a segmental organ. See Illust. under Loeven's larva.

Nephrite

Neph"rite (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. n\'82phrite. See Nephritis.] (Min.) A hard compact mineral, of a dark green color, formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, whence its name; kidney stone; a kind of jade. See Jade.<-- varies in color from white to dark green. It is the more common and less valuable variety of jade, the other being jadeite. [MW10] Large deposits are found in Australia. Called also nephritic stone. -->

Nephritic, Nephritical

Ne*phrit"ic (?), Ne*phrit"ic*al (?), a. [L. nephriticus, gr. n\'82phr\'82tique. See Nephritis.]

1. Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; as, a nephritic disease.

2. (Med.) (a) Affected with a disease of the kidneys; as, a nephritic patient. (b) Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; as, a nephritic medicine. Nephritic stone (Min.), nephrite; jade. See Nephrite.

Nephritic

Ne*phrit"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine adapted to relieve or cure disease of the kidneys.

Nephritis

Ne*phri"tis (?), n. [L., fr. gr. (Med.) An inflammation of the kidneys.

nephrolithic

neph`ro*lith"ic (?), a. [Gr. -lith + ic.] (Med.) of or pertaining to gravel, or renal calculi. Dunglison.

Nephrology

Ne*phrol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on, or the science which treats of, the kidneys, and their structure and functions.

Nephrostome

Neph"ro*stome (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) The funnelshaped opening of a nephridium into the body cavity.

Nephrotomy

Ne*phrot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. n\'82phrotomie.] (Surg.) Extraction of stone from the kidney by cutting.

Nepotal

Nep"o*tal (?), a. Of or relating to a nephew.

Nepotic

Ne*pot"ic (?), a. [See nepotism.] Of or pertaining to npotism.
The nepotic ambition of the ruling pontiff. Milman.

Nepotism

Nep"o*tism (?; 277), n. [L. nepus, nepotus, nephew: cf. F. n\'82potisme. See Nephew.] Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to members of one's family; bestowal of patronage in consideration of relationship, rather than of merit or of legal claim.
From nepotism Alexander V. was safe; for he was without kindred or relatives. But there was another perhaps more fatal nepotism, which turned the tide of popularity against him -- the nepotism of his order. Milman.

Nepotist

Nep"o*tist (?), n. One who practices nepotism.

Neptune

Nep"tune (?), n. [L. Neptunus.]

1. (Rom. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter.

2. (Astron.) The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years. <-- now Pluto is the remotest "planet", but recently (1996) the question has been raised whether Pluto can be called a "planet", so this may still be correct! --> Neptune powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin, -- used in blasting. -- Neptune's cup (Zo\'94l.), a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge (Thalassema Neptuni).

Neptunian

Nep*tu"ni*an (?), a. [L. Neptunius belonging to Neptune: cf. F. neptunien.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea.

2. (Geol.) Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian rocks. Neptunian races (Ethnol.), the Malay and Polynesian races. -- Neptunian theory (Geol.), the theory of Werner, which referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; -- opposed to the Plutonic theory.

Neptunian, Neptunist

Nep*tu"ni*an (?), Nep"tu*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. neptinien, neptuniste.] (Geol.) One who adopts the neptunian theory.

Neptunicentric

Nep*tu`ni*cen"tric (?), a. [Neptune + centric.] (Astron.) As seen from Neptune, or having Neptune as a center; as, Neptunicentric longitude or force.

Neptunium

Nep*tu"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain indentification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite.<-- a radioactive element, produced in reactors from Pt or U; At. num. = 93, Sym. Np, At. Wt. 237.0482 [MW10] --> Hermann.

Ner

Ner (?), adv. & a. nearer. [Obs.] See Nerre.

Nere

Nere (?). [Contr. fr. ne were.] Were not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nereid

Ne"re*id (?), n.; pl. E. Nereids (#), L. Nereides (#). [L. Nereis, -idis, gr. n\'bera water, cf. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.) A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar annelids of other families.

Nereidian

Ne`re*id"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any annelid resembling Nereis, or of the family Lycorid\'91 or allied families.

Nereis

Ne"re*is (? ∨ ?), n.; pl. Nereides (#). [L.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A Nereid. See Nereid.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus, including numerous species, of marine ch\'91topod annelids, having a well-formed head, with two pairs of eyes, antenn\'91, four pairs of tentacles, and a protrusile pharynx, armed with a pair of hooked jaws. <-- Illustr. of Nereis (Nereis Pelagica) -->

Nereites

Ne"re*ites (?), n. pl. (Paleon.) Fossil tracks of annelids.

Nereocystis

Ne`re*o*cys"tis (?), n. [NL. See Nereid, and Cyst.] (Bot.) A genus of gigantic seaweeds. &hand; Nereocystis Lutkeana, of the North Pacific, has a stem many fathoms long, terminating in a great vesicle, which is crowned with a tuft of long leaves. The stem is used by the Alaskans for fishing lines.

Nerfling

Nerf"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The id.

Nerita

Ne*ri"ta (?), n. [L., a sort of sea mussel, gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, mostly natives of warm climates.

Nerite

Ner"ite (? ∨ ?; 277), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any mollusk of the genus Nerita.

Neritina

Ner`i*ti"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus including numerous species of shells resembling Nerita in form. They mostly inhabit brackish water, and are often delicately tinted.

Nero

Ne"ro (?), n. A Roman emperor notorius for debauchery and barbarous cruelty; hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant. -- Ne*ro"ni*an (#), a.

Neroli

Ner"o*li (?), n. [F. n\'82roli, said to be from the name of an Italian princess.] (Chem.) An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of the orange. It has a strong odor, and is used in perfumery, etc. Neroli camphor (Chem.), a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless and odorless, obtained from beroli oil; -- called also auradin.

Nerre

Ner"re (?), adv. & a. [See Near.] Nearer. [Obs.] [Written also neer, ner.] Chaucer. Never the neer, never the nearer; no nearer. [Obs.]

Nervate

Nerv"ate (?), a. (Bot.) Nerved.

Nervation

Ner*va"tion (?), n. The arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of leaves; neuration.
The outlines of the fronds of ferns, and their nervation, are frail characters if employed alone for the determination of existing genera. J. D. Hooker.

Nerve

Nerve (?), n. [OE. nerfe, F. nerf, L. nervus, akin to Gr. needle. Cf. Neuralgia.]

1. (Anat.) One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body. &hand; An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium) and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework (the epineurium) containing blood vessels and lymphatics.

2. A sinew or a tendon. Pope.

3. Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control; constitutional vigor.

he led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm. Milton.

4. Steadiness and firmness of mind; self-command in personal danger, or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck; resolution.

5. Audacity; assurance. [Slang]

6. (Bot.) One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf, especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of the leaf.

7. (Zo\'94l.) One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects. Nerve cell (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are connected; a ganglion cell.<-- = neuron, a word listed only in a different sens in W1913 --> -- Nerve fiber (Anat.), one of the fibers of which nerves are made up. These fibers are either medullated or nonmedullated. in both kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike axis cylinder which is continuous the whole length of the fiber. -- Nerve stretching (Med.), the operation of stretching a nerve in order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.<-- #!? -->

Nerve

Nerve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nerved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nerving.] To give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; as, fear nerved his arm.

Nerved

Nerved (?), a.

1. Having nerves of a special character; as, weak-nerved.

2. (Bot.) Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins. Gray.

Nerveless

Nerve"less (?), a.

1. Destitute of nerves.

2. Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak; powerless.

A kingless people for a nerveless state. Byron.
Awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream. Hawthorne.

Nervelessness

Nerve"less*ness, n. The state of being nerveless.

Nerve-shaken

Nerve"-shak`en (?), a. Affected by a tremor, or by a nervous disease; weakened; overcome by some violent influence or sensation; shoked.

Nervimotion

Ner`vi*mo"tion (?), n. [Nerve + motion.] (Physiol.) The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves. Dunglison.

Nervimotor

Ner`vi*mo"tor (?), n. [Nerve + motor.] (Physiol.) Any agent capable of causing nervimotion. Dunglison.

Nervine

Nerv"ine (?; 277) a. [L. nervinus made of sinews: cf.F. nervin. See Nerve.] (Med.) Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement. -- n. A nervine agent.

Nervomuscular

Ner`vo*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Nerve + muscular.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles; of the nature of nerves and muscles; as, nervomuscular energy.

Nervose

Ner*vose" (?), a. [See Nervous.] (Bot.) Same as Nerved.

Nervosity

Ner*vos"i*ty (?), n. [L. nervositas strength.] Nervousness. [R.]

Nervous

Nerv"ous (?), a. [L. nervosus sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. nerveux. See Nerve.]

1. possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous. "Nervous arms." Pope.

2. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; as, a nervous writer.

3. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; as, nervous excitement; a nervous fever.

4. Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to, or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or annoyed.

Poor, weak, nervous creatures. Cheyne.

5. Sensitive; excitable; timid. <-- This corresponds to two senses in MW10: easily excited = jumpy; timid, apprehensive -->

Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is nervous about the land. M. Arnold.
Nervous fever (Med.), a low form of fever characterized by great disturbance of the nervous system, as evinced by delirium, or stupor, disordered sensibility, etc. -- Nervous system (Anat.), the specialized co\'94rdinating apparatus which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it is often divided into three systems: the central, brain and spinal cord; the peripheral, cranial and spinal nerves; and the sympathetic. See Brain, Nerve, Spinal cord, under Spinal, and Sympathetic system, under Sympathetic, and Illust. in Appendix. -- Nervous temperament, a condition of body characterized by a general predominance of mental manifestations. Mayne.

Nervously

Nerv"ous*ly, adv. In a nervous manner.

Nervousness

Nerv"ous*ness, n. State or quality of being nervous.

Nervure

Nerv"ure (?), n. [F. See Nerve.]

1. (Bot.) One of the nerves of leaves.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the chitinous supports, or veins, in the wings of incests.

Nervy

Nerv"y (?), a. [Compar. Nervier (?); superl. - iest.] Strong; sinewy. "His nervy knees." Keats.

Nescience

Nes"cience (?), n. [L. nescientia, fr. nesciens, p.pr. of nescire not to know; ne not + scire to know.] Want of knowledge; ignorance; agnosticism.
God fetched it about for me, in that absence and nescience of mine. Bp. Hall.

Nese

Nese (?), n. Nose. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

Nesh

Nesh (?), a. [AS. hnesc, hn\'91sc, akin to Goth. hnasqus.] Soft; tender; delicate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Ness

Ness (?), n. [AS. n\'91s, ns; akin to Icel. nes, Sw. n\'84s, Dan. n\'91s, and E. nose. &root; 261. See Nose.] A promontory; a cape; a headland. Hakluyt. &hand; Ness is frequently used as a suffix in the names of places and promontories; as, Sheerness.

-ness

-ness (. [AS. -ness, -nyss, -nys; akin to OS. -nissi, nussi, D. -nis, OHG. -nissa, -nass\'c6, -nuss\'c6, G. -nis, -niss, Goth. -inasus.] A suffix used to form abstract nouns expressive of quality or state; as, goodness, greatness.

Nesslerize

Ness"ler*ize (?), v. t. [From Nessler, the chemist.] (Chem.) To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.
Page 972

Nest

Nest (?), n. [AS. nest; akin to D. & G. nest, Sw. n\'84ste, L. nidus, for nisdus, Skr. n\'c6 resting place, nest; cf. Lith. lizdas, Arm. neiz, Gael. & Ir. nead. Prob. from the particle ni down, Skr. ni + the root of E. sit, and thus orig., a place to sit down in. &root; 264. See Nether, and Sit, and cf. Eyas, Nidification, Nye.]

1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young.

The birds of the air have nests. Matt. viii. 20.

2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared. Bentley.

3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors; a nest of bugs.

A little cottage, like some poor man's nest. Spenser.

4. (Geol.) An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock.

5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger.

6. (Mech.) A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively. Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras.

Nest

Nest (?), v. i. To build and occupy a nest.
The king of birds nested within his leaves. Howell.

Nest

Nest, v. t. To put into a nest; to form a nest for.
From him who nested himself into the chief power. South.

Nestful

Nest"ful (?), n.; pl. Nestfuls (. As much or many as will fill a nest.

Nestle

Nes"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nestling (?).] [AS. nestlian.]

1. To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [Obs.]

The kingfisher ... nestles in hollow banks. L'Estrange.

2. To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter.

Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came. Bacon.

3. To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; as, a child nestles.

Nestle

Nes"tle, v. t. To house, as in a nest.

2. To cherish, as a bird her young.

Nestling

Nes"tling (?). n.

1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman.

2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon.

Nestling

Nes"tling, a. Newly hatched; being yet in the nest.

Nestor

Nes"tor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of parrots with gray heads. of New Zeland and papua, allied to the cockatoos. See Kaka.

Nestorian

Nes*to"ri*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople to the fifth century, who has condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the divine and the human natures were not merged into one nature in Christ (who was God in man), and, hence, that it was improper to call Mary the mother of Christ; also, one of the sect established by the followers of Nestorius in Persia, india, and other Oriental countries, and still in existence. opposed to Eutychian.

Nestorian

Nes*to"ri*an, a.

1. Of or relating to the Nestorians.

2. relating to, or resembling, Nestor, the aged warior and counselor mentioned by Homer; hence, wise; experienced; aged; as, Nestorian caution.

Nestorianism

Nes*to"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of the nestorian Christians, or of Nestorius.

Ney

Ney (?), n. [AS. net; akin to D. net, OS. net, netti, OHG. nezzi, G. netz, Icel. & Dan. net, Sw. n\'84t, Goth. nati; of uncertain origin.]

1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc.

2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding.

A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet. Prov. xxix. 5.
In the church's net there are fishes good or bad. Jer. Taylor.

3. Anything wrought or woven in meshes; as, a net for the hair; a mosquito net; a tennis net.

4. (Geom.) A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves, which are connected at certain points and related to each other by some specified law.

Net

Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.]

1. To make into a net; to make n the style of network; as, to net silk.

2. To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile.

And now I am here, netted and in the toils. Sir W. Scott.

3. To inclose or cover with a net; as, to net a tree.

Net

Net, v. i. To form network or netting; to knit.

Net

Net, a. [F. See Neat clean.]

1. Without spot; pure; shining. [Obs.]

Her breast all naked as net ivory. Spenser.

2. Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; as, net wine, etc. [R.]

3. Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc; as, net profit; net income; net weight, etc. [Less properly written nett.] Net tonnage (Naut.), the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew, machinery, etc.

Net

Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted; p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.] To produce or gain as clear profit; as, he netted a thousand dollars by the operation.

Netfish

Net"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An astrophyton.

Nether

Neth"er (?), a. [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to Skr. ni down. &root;201. Cf. Beneath.] Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper.
'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires. Milton.
This darksome nether world her light Doth dim with horror and deformity. Spenser.
All my nether shape thus grew transformed. Milton.

Neithermore

Neith"er*more` (?), a. Lower, nether. [Obs.] Holland.

Nethermost

Neth"er*most` (?), a. [AS. ni(Nether, and cf. Aftermost.] Lowest; as, the nethermost abyss. Milton.

Nethinim

Neth"i*nim (?), n. pl. [Heb., pl. of n\'beth\'c6n given, granted, a slave of the temple, fr. n\'bethan to give.] (jewish Antiq.) Servants of the priests and Levites in the menial services about the tabernacle and temple.

Netify

Net"i*fy (?), v. t. [Net, a. + -fy.] To render neat; to clean; to put in order. [R.] Chapman.

Netting

Net"ting (?), n. [From Net, n.]

1. The act or process of making nets or network, or of forming meshes, as for fancywork, fishing nets, etc.

2. A piece of network; any fabric, made of cords, threads, wires, or the like, crossing one another with open spaces between.

3. (Naut.) A network of ropes used for various purposes, as for holding the hammocks when not in use, also for stowing sails, and for hoisting from the gunwale to the rigging to hinder an enemy from boarding. Totten. Netting needle, a kind of slender shuttle used in netting. See Needle, n., 3.

Netting

Net"ting, n. Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Nettle

Net"tle (?), n. [AS. netele; akin to D. netel, G. nessel, OHG. nezz\'8bla, nazza, Dan. nelde, n\'84lde, Sw. n\'84ssla; cf, Lith. notere.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. cham\'91dryoides in the Southern, United States. the common European species, U. urens and U. dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is the Roman nettle of England. &hand; The term nettle has been given to many plants related to, or to some way resembling, the true nettle; as: Australian nettle, a stinging tree or shrub of the genus Laportea (as L. gigas and L. moroides); -- also called nettle tree. -- Bee nettle, Hemp nettle, a species of Galeopsis. See under Hemp. -- Blind nettle, Dead nettle, a harmless species of Lamium. -- False nettle (B\'91hmeria cylindrica), a plant common in the United States, and related to the true nettles. -- Hedge nettle, a species of Stachys. See under Hedge. -- Horse nettle (Solanum Carolinense). See under Horse. -- nettle tree. (a) Same as Hackberry. (b) See Australian nettle (above). -- Spurge nettle, a stinging American herb of the Spurge family (Jatropha urens). -- Wood nettle, a plant (Laportea Canadensis) which stings severely, and is related to the true nettles. Nettle cloth, a kind of thick cotton stuff, japanned, and used as a substitute for leather for various purposes. -- Nettle rash (Med.), an eruptive disease resembling the effects of whipping with nettles. -- Sea nettle (Zo\'94l.), a medusa.

Nettle

Net"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nettled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nettling (?).] To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to cause to experience sensations of displeasure or uneasiness not amounting to violent anger.
The princes were so nettled at the scandal of this affront, that every man took it to himself. L'Estrange.

Nettlebird

Net"tle*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) the European whitethroat. [Prov. Eng.]

Nettler

Net"tler (?), n. One who nettles. [R.] Milton.

Nettles

Net"tles (?), n. pl. [See Knittle.] (Naut.) (a) The halves of yarns in the unlaid end of a rope twisted for pointing or grafting. (b) Small lines used to sling hammocks under the deck beams. (c) Reef points.

Nettling

Net"tling (?), n. (Rope Making) (a) A process (resembling splicing) by which two ropes are jointed end so as to form one rope. (b) The process of tying together the ends of yarns in pairs, to prevent tangling.

Nettling

Net"tling, p. pr. & a. Stinging; irritating. Nettling cell (Zo\'94l.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso.

Netty

Net"ty (?), a. Like a net, or network; netted. [R.]

Net-veined

Net"-veined` (?), a. Having veins, or nerves, reticulated or netted; as, a net-veined wing or leaf.

Network

Net"work` (?), n.

1. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other at certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the crossings, thus leaving spaces or meshes between them.

2. Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing like the fabric of a net; as, a network of veins; a network of railroads.

Neurad

Neu"rad (?), adv. [Gr. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward the neural side; -- opposed to h\'91mad.

Neural

Neu"ral (?), a. [Gr. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; -- opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as ventral. Cf. Hemal. Neural arch (Anat.), the cartilaginous or bony arch on the dorsal side of the centrum of the vertebra in a segment of the spinal skeleton, usually inclosing a segment of the spinal cord.

Neuralgia

Neu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., from gr. nerve.] (Med.) A disease, the chief symptom of which is a very acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which follows the course of a nervous branch, extends to its ramifications, and seems therefore to be seated in the nerve. It seems to be independent of any structural lesion. Dunglison.

Neuralgic

Neu*ral"gic (?), a. of or pertaining to, or having the character of, neuralgia; as, a neuralgic headache.

Neuralgy

Neu*ral"gy (?), n. Neuralgia.

Neurapophysial

Neu*rap`o*phys"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) of or pertaining to a neurapophysis.

Neurapophysis

Neu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Neurapophyses (#). [NL. See Neuro-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) (a) One of the two lateral processes or elements which form the neural arch. (b) The dorsal process of the neural arch; neural spine; spinous process.

Neurasthenia

Neu*ras`the*ni"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of nervous debility supposed to be dependent upon impairment in the functions of the spinal cord.

Neuration

Neu*ra"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The arrangement or distribution of nerves, as in the leaves of a plant or the wings of an insect; nervation.

Neuraxis

Neu*rax"is (?), n. [Neuro- + axis.] (Anat.) See Axis cylinder, under Axis.

Neurenteric

Neu`ren*ter"ic (?), a. [Neuro- + enteric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the neuron and the enteron; as, the neurenteric canal, which, in embroys of many vertebrates, connects the medullary tube and the primitive intestine. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

Neuridin

Neu"ri*din (?), n. [From Neurine.] (Physiol. Chem.) a nontoxic base, C5H14N2, found in the putrescent matters of flesh, fish, decaying cheese, etc.

Neurilemma

Neu`ri*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., from gr. (Anat.) (a) The delicate outer sheath of a nerve fiber; the primitive sheath. (b) The perineurium.

Neurility

Neu*ril"i*ty (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) The special properties and functions of the nerves; that capacity for transmitting a stimulus which belongs to nerves. G. H. Lewes.

Neurine

Neu"rine (? ∨ ?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide. [Written also neurin.]

Neurism

Neu"rism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Nerve force. See Vital force, under Vital.

Neuritis

Neu*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a nerve.

Neuro-

Neu"ro- (. [Gr. (Anat.) A combining denoting a nerve, of ∨ pertaining to a nerve ∨ the nervous system.

Neuro-central

Neu`ro-cen"tral (?), a. [Neuro- + central.] (Anat.) Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture. Huxley.

Neurochord, n., Neurochordal

Neu"ro*chord (?), n., Neu`ro*chor"dal (, a. (Zo\'94l.) See Neurocord.

Neurocity

Neu*roc"i*ty (?), n. (Physiol.) Nerve force.

Neuroc\'91le

Neu"ro*c\'91le (?), n. [Neuro- + Ge. (Anat.) The central canal and ventricles of the spinal cord and brain; the myelencephalic cavity.

Neurocord

Neu"ro*cord (?), n. [Neuro- + cord.] (Zo\'94l.) A cordlike organ composed of elastic fibers situated above the ventral nervous cord of annelids, like the earthworm. -- Neu`ro*cor"dal (#), a.

Neuro-epidermal

Neu`ro-ep`i*der"mal (?), a. [Neuro- + epidermal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or giving rise to, the central nervous system and epiderms; as, the neuroepidermal, or epiblastic, layer of the blastoderm.

Neuroglia

Neu*rog"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Anat.) The delicate connective tissue framework which supports the nervous matter and blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord.

Neurography

Neu*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Neuro- + -graphy.] (Anat.) A description of the nerves. Dunglison.

Neurokeratin

Neu`ro*ker"a*tin (?), n. [Neuro- + keratin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, resembling keratin, present in nerve tissue, as in the sheath of the axis cylinder of medullated nerve fibers. Like keratin it resists the action of most chemical agents, and by decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin and tyrosin.

Neurological

Neu`ro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to neurolgy.

Neurologist

Neu*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in neurology; also, one skilled in the treatment of nervous diseases.

Neurology

Neu*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Neuro- + -logy.] The branch of science which treats of the nervous system.

Neuroma

Neu*ro"ma (?), n. [NL. See Neuro-, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor developed on, or connected with, a nerve, esp. one consisting of new-formed nerve fibers.

Neuromere

Neu"ro*mere (?), n. [Neuro- + -mere.] (Anat.) A metameric segment of the cerebro-spinal nervous system.

Neuromuscular

Neu`ro*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Neuro- + muscular.] (Physiol.) Nervomuscular.

Neuron

Neu"ron (?), n.; pl. Neura (#). [NL., from Gr. ney^ron nerve.] (Anat.) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; myelencephalon.<-- Now = a nerve cell (older def not included in MW10 --> B. G. Wilder.

Neuropathic

Neu`ro*path"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to neuropathy; of the nature of, or suffering from, nervous disease.

Neuropathy

Neu*rop"a*thy (?), n. [Neuro- + Gr. (Med.) An affection of the nervous system or of a nerve.

Neuropod

Neu"ro*pod (?), n. [Neuro- + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A neuropodous animal. G. Rolleston.

Neuropodium

Neu`ro*po"di*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The ventral lobe or branch of a parapodium.

Neuropodous

Neu*rop"o*dous (?), a. [Neuro- + -pod + -ous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, as in most invertebrates; -- opposed to h\'91mapodous. G. Rolleston.

Neuropore

Neu"ro*pore (?), n. [Neuro- + pore.] (Anat.) An opening at either end of the embryonic neural canal.

Neuropter

Neu*rop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Neuroptera.

Neuroptera

Neu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [Nl., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of hexapod insects having two pairs of large, membranous, net-veined wings. The mouth organs are adapted for chewing. They feed upon other insects, and undergo a complete metamorphosis. The ant-lion, hellgamite, and lacewing fly are examples. Formerly, the name was given to a much more extensive group, including the true Neuroptera and the Pseudoneuroptera.
Page 973

Neropteral

Nerop"ter*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Neuroptera.

Neuropteran

Neu*rop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A neuropter.

Neuropteris

Neu*rop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns, of which species have been found from the Devonian to the Triassic formation.

Neuropterous

Neu*rop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Neuropteral.

Neurosensiferous

Neu`ro*sen*sif"er*ous (?), a. [neuro- + sensiferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or forming, both nerves and sense organs.

Neurosis

Neu*ro"sis (?), n.; pl. Neuroses (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Med.) A functional nervous affection or disease, that is, a disease of the nerves without any appreciable change of nerve structure.<-- (psychiatry) a mental or emotional disorder that affects only part of the personality, and involves less distorted perceptions of reality than a psychosis. It includes certain anxieties and phobias. [MW10] -->

Neuroskeletal

Neu`ro*skel"e*tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the neuroskeleton. [R.] Owen.

Neuroskeleton

Neu`ro*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Neuro- + skeleton.] (Anat.) The deep-seated parts of the vertebrate skeleton which are relation with the nervous axis and locomation. Owen.

Neurospast

Neu"ro*spast (?), n. [L. neurospaston, Gr. A puppet. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Neurotic

Neu*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; nervous; as, a neurotic disease.

2. Uself in disorders of, or affecting, the nerves.

Neurotic

Neu*rot"ic, n.

1. A disease seated in the nerves.

2. (Med.) Any toxic agent whose action is mainly directed to the great nerve centers. &hand; Neurotic as a class include all those poisons whose mains action is upon the brain and spinal cord. They may be divided three orders: (a) Cerebral neurotics, or those which affect the brain only. (b) Spinal neurotics, or tetanics, those which affect the spinal cord. (c) Cerebro-spinal neurotics, or those which affect both brain and spinal cord.

Neurotome

Neu"ro*tome (?), n. [See Neurotomy.]

1. An instrument for cutting or dissecting nerves.

2. (Anat.) A neuromere.

Neurotomical

Neu`ro*tom"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to neurotomy.

Neurotomist

Neu*rot"o*mist (?), n. One who skilled in or practices neurotomy.

Neurotomy

Neu*rot"o*my (?), n. [Neuro- + Gr.

1. The dissection, or anatomy, of the nervous system.

2. (Med.) The division of a nerve, for the relief of neuralgia, or for other purposes. Dunglison.

Neurula

Neu"ru*la (?), n. [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An embryo or certain invertebrates in the stage when the primitive band is first developed.

Neuter

Neu"ter (?), a. [L., fr. ne not + uter whether; akin to E. whether. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neither.]

1. Neither the one thing nor the other; on neither side; impartial; neutral. [Archaic]

In all our undertakings God will be either our friend or our enemy; for Providence never stands neuter. South.

2. (Gram.) (a) Having a form belonging more especially to words which are not appellations of males or females; expressing or designating that which is of neither sex; as, a neuter noun; a neuter termination; the neuter gender. (b) Intransitive; as, a neuter verb.

3. (Biol.) Having no generative organs, or imperfectly developed ones; sexless. See Neuter, n., 3.

Neuter

Neu"ter, n.

1. A person who takes no part in a contest; one who is either indifferent to a cause or forbears to interfere; a neutral.

The world's no neuter; it will wound or save. Young.

2. (Gram.) (a) A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have the terminations usually found in neuter words. (b) An intransitive verb.

3. (Biol.) An organism, either vegetable or animal, which at its maturity has no generative organs, or but imperfectly developed ones, as a plant without stamens or pistils, as the garden Hydrangea; esp., one of the imperfectly developed females of certain social insects, as of the ant and the common honeybee, which perform the labors of the community, and are called workers.

Neutral

Neu"tral (?), a. [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.]

1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or assisting either of two or more contending parties; neuter; indifferent.

The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but constantly takes part one way or the other. Shaftesbury.

2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not decided or pronounced.

Some things good, and some things ill, do seem, And neutral some, in her fantastic eye. Sir J. Davies.

3. (Biol.) Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3.

4. (Chem.) Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with acid, and alkaline. Neutral axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis. -- Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to return to its former position not depart more widely from it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane. -- Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a negative or acid, element or radical. -- Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors, made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the shades vary greatly. -- Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as identical with the &ucr; in up, and is called also the natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 17.<-- also called the indefinite vowel, and also represented in phonetic transcriptions by the schwa &schwa; -->

Neutral

Neu"tral (?), n. A person or a nation that takes no part in a contest between others; one who is neutral.
The neutral, as far as commerce extends, becomes a party in the war. R. G. Harper.

Neutralist

Neu"tral*ist, n. A neutral; one who professes or practices neutrality. Milman.

Neutrality

Neu*tral"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. neutralit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side; indifference.

Men who possess a state of neutrality in times of public danger, desert the interest of their fellow subjects. Addison.

2. Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor bad. [Obs.] Donne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or state of being neutral. See Neutral, a., 4.

4. (International Law) The condition of a nation or government which refrains from taking part, directly or indirectly, in a war between other powers.

5. Those who are neutral; a combination of neutral powers or states. Armed neutrality, the condition of a neutral power, in time of war, which holds itself ready to resist by force any aggression of either belligerent.

Neutralization

Neu`tral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. neutralisation.]

1. The act or process of neutralizing, or the state of being neutralized.

2. (Chem.) The act or process by which an acid and a base are combined in such proportions that the resulting compound is neutral. See Neutral, a., 4.

Neutralize

Neu"tral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neutralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neutralizing (?).] [Cf. F. neutraliser.]

1. To render neutral; to reduce to a state of neutrality.

So here I am neutralized again. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Chem.) To render inert or imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as a chemical substance; to destroy the effect of; as, to neutralize an acid with a base.

3. To destroy the peculiar or opposite dispositions of; to reduce to a state of indifference inefficience; to counteract; as, to neutralize parties in government; to neutralize efforts, opposition, etc.

Counter citations that neutralize each other. E. Everett.

Neutralizer

Neu"tral*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, neutralizes; that which destroys, disguises, or renders inert the peculiar properties of a body.

Neutrally

Neu"tral*ly, adv. In a neutral manner; without taking part with either side; indifferently.

Neuvaines

Neu`vaines" (?), n. pl. [F. neuvaine, fr. LL. novena, fr. L. novem. See Noon.] (R.C.Ch.) Prayers offered up for nine successive days.

Nevadite

Ne*va"dite (?), n. (Min.) A grantitoid variety of rhyolite, common in Nevada.

N\'82v\'82

N\'82`v\'82" (?), n. [F., fr. nix, nivis, snow.] (Geol.) The upper part of a glacier, above the limit or perpetual snow. See Galcier.

Neven

Nev"en (?), v. t. [Icel. nefna. To name; to mention; to utter. [Obs.]
As oft I heard my lord them neven. Chaucer.

Never

Nev"er (?), adv. [AS. n; ne not, no + ever.]

1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time, whether past, present, or future. Shak.

Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. Pope.

2. In no degree; not in the least; not.

Whosoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another man's head, and yet see never the worse. South.
And he answered him to never a word. Matt. xxvii. 14.
&hand; Never is much used in composition with present participles to form adjectives, as in never-ceasing, never-dying, never-ending, never-fading, never-failing, etc., retaining its usual signification. Never a deal, not a bit. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Never so, as never before; more than at any other time, or in any other circumstances; especially; particularly; -- now often expressed or replaced by ever so.
Ask me never so much dower and gift. Gen. xxxiv. 12.
A fear of battery, ... though never so well grounded, is no duress. Blackstone.

Nevermore

Nev"er*more` (?), adv. Never again; at no time hereafter. Testament of Love. Tyndale.
Where springtime of the Hesperides Begins, but endeth nevermore. Longfellow.

Neverthelater

Nev`er*the*lat"er (?), adv. ∨ conj. Nevertheless. [Obs.]

Nevertheless

Nev`er*the*less" (?), adv. ∨ conj. [Never + the (see The by that) + less.] Not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet.
No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous; nevertheless, afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness. Heb. xii. 11.
Syn. -- However; at least; yet; still. See However.

Nevew

Nev"ew (?), n. Nephew. [Obs.] haucer.

New

New (?), a. [Compar. Newer (?); superl. Newest.] [OE. OE. newe, AS. niwe, neowe; akin to D. nieuw, OS. niwi, OHG. niuwi, G. neu, Icel. n, Dan. & Sw. ny, Goth. niujis, Lith. naujas, Russ. novuii, Ir. nua, nuadh, Gael. nuadh, W. newydd, Armor. nevez, L. novus, gr. nava, and prob. to E. now. Now, and cf. Announce, Innovate, Neophyte, Novel.]

1. Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; -- opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion. "Your new wife." Chaucer.

2. Not before seen or known, although existing before; lately manifested; recently discovered; as, a new metal; a new planet; new scenes.

3. Newly beginning or recurring; starting anew; now commencing; different from has been; as, a new year; a new course or direction.

4. As if lately begun or made; having the state or quality of original freshness; also, changed for the better; renovated; unworn; untried; unspent; as, rest and travel made him a new man.

Steadfasty purposing to lead a new life. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Men after long emaciating diets, fat, and almost new. Bacon.

5. Not of ancient extraction, or of a family of ancient descent; not previously kniwn or famous. Addison.

6. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed.

New to the plow, unpracticed in the trace. Pope.

7. Fresh from anything; newly come.

New from her sickness to that northern air. Dryden.
New birth. See under Birth. -- New Church, ∨ New Jerusalem Church, the church holding the doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. See Swedenborgian. -- New heart (Theol.), a heart or character changed by the power of God, so as to be governed by new and holy motives. -- New land, land ckeared and cultivated for the first time. -- New light. (Zo\'94l.) See Crappie. -- New moon. (a) The moon in its first quarter, or when it first appears after being invisible. (b) The day when the new moon is first seen; the first day of the lunar month, which was a holy day among the Jews. 2 Kings iv. 23. -- New Red Sandstone (Geol.), an old name for the formation immediately above the coal measures or strata, now divided into the Permian and Trias. See Sandstone. -- New style. See Style. -- New testament. See under Testament. -- New world, the land of the Western Hemisphere; -- so called because not known to the inhabitants of the Eastern Hemisphere until recent times. Syn. -- Novel; recent; fresh; modern. See Novel.

New

New (?), adv. Newly; recently. Chaucer. &hand; New is much used in composition, adverbially, in the sense of newly, recently, to quality other words, as in new-born, new-formed, new-found, new-mown. Of new, anew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

New

New, v. t. & i. To make new; to renew. [Obs.]

Newborn

New"born` (?), a. Recently born. Shak.

Newcome

New"come` (?), a. Recently come.

Newcomer

New"com`er (?), n. One who has lately come.

Newel

New"el (?), n. [From New. Cf. Novel.] A novelty; a new thing. [Obs.] Spenser.

Newel

New"el (?), n. [OF. nual, F. noyau sone, of fruit, noyau d'escaler newel, fr. L. nucalis like a nut, fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf Nowel the inner wall of a mold, Nucleus..] (Arch.) The upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. See Hollow newel, under Hollow.

Newfangle

New"fan`gle (?), a. [New + fangle.] Eager for novelties; desirous of changing. [Obs.]
So newfangel be they of their meat. Chaucer.

Newfangle

New"fan`gle, v. t. To change by introducing novelties. [Obs.]

Newfangled

New"fan`gled (?), a.

1. Newmade; formed with the affectation of novelty. "A newfangled nomenclature." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Disposed to change; inclined to novelties; given to new theories or fashions. "Newfangled teachers." 1 Tim. vi. (heading). "Newfangled men." Latimer.

Newfangledness

New"fan`gled*ness, n. Affectation of, or fondness for, novelty; vain or affected fashion or form.

Newfangleness

New"fan`gle*ness (?), n. [OE. newefanglenes. See Fangle.] Newfangledness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Proud newfangleness in their apparel. Robynson (More's Utopia).

Newfanglist

New"fan`glist (?), n. One who is eager for novelties or desirous of change. [Obs.] Tooker.

Newfangly

New"fan`gly (?), adv. In a newfangled manner; with eagerness for novelty. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Newfashioned

New`fash"ioned (?), a. Made in a new form, or lately come into fashion.

Newfoundland

New"found*land` (?, often , n.

1. An island on the coast of British North America, famed for the fishing grounds in its vicinity.

2. A Newfoundland dog. Tennyson. Newfoundland dog (Zo\'94l.), a breed of large dogs, with shaggy hair, which originated in Newfoundland, noted for intelligence, docility, and swimming powers.

Newing

New"ing (?), n. [From New, v. t.] Yeast; barm. [prov. Eng.]

Newish

New"ish, a. Somewhat new; nearly new. Bacon.

Newly

New"ly, adv.

1. Lately; recently.

He rubbed it o'er with newly gathered mint. Dryden.

2. Anew; afresh; freshly.

And the refined mind doth newly fashion Into a fairer form. Spenser.

Newmarket

New"mar`ket (?), n. [From Newmarket, England.] A long, closely fitting cloak.

New-model

New`-mod"el (?), v. t. To remodel.

Newness

New"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being new; as, the newness of a system; the newness of a scene; newness of life.
Page 974

News

News (?), n [From New; cf. F. nounelles. News

1. A report of recent occurences; information of something that has lately taken place, or of something before unknown; fresh tindings; recent intelligence.

Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton.

2. Something strange or newly happened.

It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and rich. L'Estrange.

3. A bearer of news; a courier; a newspaper. [Obs.]

There cometh a news thither with his horse. Pepys.

News-book

News"-book` (?), n. A newspaper. [Obs.]

newsboy

news"boy` (?), n. A boy who distributes or sells newspaper.

News-letter

News"-let`ter (?), n. A circular letter, written or printed for the purpose of disseminating news. This was the name given to the earliest English newspapers.

Newsman

News"man (?), n.; pl. Newsmen (.

1. One who brings news. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A man who distributes or sells newspapers.

Newsmonger

News"mon`ger (?), n. One who deals in news; one who is active in hearing and telling news.

Newspaper

News"pa`per (?), n. A sheet of paper printed and distributed, at stated intervals, for conveying intelligence of passing events, advocating opinions, etc.; a public print that circulates news, advertisements, proceedings of legislative bodies, public announcements, etc.

Newsroom

News"room` (?), n. A room where news is collected and disseminated, or periodicals sold; a reading room supplied with newspapers, magazines, etc.

News-vnder

News"-vnd`er (?), n. A seller of newspapers.

News-writer

News"-writ`er (?), n. One who gathered news for, and wrote, news-letters. Macaulay.

Newsy

News"y (?), a. Full of news; abounding in information as to current events. [Colloq.]

Newt

Newt (?), n. [OE. ewt, evete, AS. efete, with n prefixed, an ewt being understood as a newt. Cf. Eft.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The common British species are the crested newt (Triton cristatus) and the smooth newt (Lophinus punctatus). In America, Diemictylus viridescens is one of the most abundant species.

Newtonian

New*to"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries. Newtonian philosophy, the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton; -- applied to the doctrine of the universe as expounded in Newton's "Principia," to the modern or experimental philosophy (as opposed to the theories of Descartes and others), and, most frequently, to the mathematical theory of universal gravitation. -- Newtonian telescope (Astron.), a reflecting telescope, in which rays from the large speculum are received by a plane mirror placed diagonally in the axis, and near the open end of the tube, and thrown at right angles toward one side of the tube, where the image is formed and viewed through the eyeplace. -- Newtonian theory of light. See Note under Light.

Newtonian

New*to"ni*an, n. A follower of Newton.

New-year

New"-year` (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, the commencement of the year; as, New-year gifts or odes.

New Year's Day

New" Year's` Day" (?). the first day of a calendar year; the first day of January. Often colloquially abbreviated to New year's or new year.

New Zealand

New` Zea"land (?). A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. New Zealand flax. (a) (Bot.) A tall, liliaceous herb (Phormium tenax), having very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine, strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like. (b) The fiber itself. -- New Zealand tea (Bot.), a myrtaceous shrub (Leptospermum scoparium) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used as a substitute for tea.

Nexible

Nex"i*ble (?), a. [L. nexibilis, from nectere, nexum, to bind.] That may be knit together. [R.]

Next

Next (?), a., superl. of Nigh. [AS. n, ni\'82hst, n, superl. of ne\'a0h nigh. See Nigh.]

1. Nearest in place; having no similar object intervening. Chaucer.

Her princely guest Was next her side; in order sat the rest. Dryden.
Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way. Bunyan.

2. Nearest in time; as, the next day or hour.

3. Adjoining in a series; immediately preceding or following in order.

None could tell whose turn should be the next. Gay.

4. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; as, the next heir was an infant.

The man is near of kin unto us, one of our next kinsmen. Ruth ii. 20.
&hand; Next is usually followed by to before an object, but to is sometimes omitted. In such cases next in considered by many grammarians as a preposition. Next friend (Law), one who represents an infant, a married woman, or any person who can not appear sui juris, in a suit at law.

Next

Next, adv. In the time, place, or order nearest or immediately suceeding; as, this man follows next.

Nexus

Nex"us (?), n. [L.] Connection; tie.
Man is doubtless one by some subtile nexus ... extending from the new-born infant to the superannuated dotard. De Quincey.

Nez Perc\'82s

Nez" Per`c\'82s" (?), pl.; sing. Nez Perc\'90 (. [F., pierced noses.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians, mostly inhabiting Idaho. <-- involved under Chief Joseph, in the last major battle of the Indian wars, attempting to resist being moved to a reservation. -->

Ngina

Ngi"na (?), n. [Native name.] The gorilla.

Niagara period

Ni*ag"a*ra pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision or the American Upper Silurian system, embracing the Medina, Clinton, and Niagara epoch. The rocks of the Niagara epoch, mostly limestones, are extensively distributed, and at Niagara Falls consist of about eighty feet of shale supporting a greater thickness of limestone, which is gradually undermined by the removal of the shale. See Chart of Geology.

Nias

Ni"as (?), n. [F. niais. See Eyas.] A young hawk; an eyas; hence, an unsophisticated person. [Obs.]

Nib

Nib (?), n. [A variabt of neb.]

1. A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong. "The little nib or fructifying principle." Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The bill or beak of a bird; the neb.

3. The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder.

4. One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, [Prov. Eng.], the shaft of a wagon.

Nib

Nib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nebbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nibbing.] To furnish with a nib; to point; to mend the point of; as, to nib a pen.

Nibbed

Nibbed (?), a. Having a nib or point.

Nibble

Nib"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nibbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nibbling (?).] [Cf. Nip.] To bite by little at a time; to seize gently with the mouth; to eat slowly or in small bits.
Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep. Shak.

Nibble

Nib"ble, v. t. To bite upon something gently or cautiously; to eat a little of a thing, as by taking small bits cautiously; as, fishes nibble at the bait.
Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly falls a-nibbling at one single passage. Tillotson.

Nibble

Nib"ble, n. A small or cautious bite.<-- 2. a tentative expression of interest [MW10]. -->

Nibbler

Nib"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, nibbles.

Nibblingly

Nib"bling*ly (?), adv. In a nibbling manner; cautiously.

Niblick

Nib"lick (?), n. A kind of golf stick used to lift the ball out of holes, ruts, etc.

Nicagua

Ni*ca"gua (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The laughing falcon. See under laughing.

Nicaragua wood

Nic`a*ra"gua wood` (?). Brazil wood.

Niccolite

Nic"co*lite (?), n. [from NL. niccolum nickel.] (Min.) A mineral of a copper-red color and metallic luster; an arsenide of nickel; -- called also coppernickel, kupfernickel.

Nice

Nice (?), a. [Compar. Nicer (?); superl. Nicest.] [OE., foolish, fr. OF. nice ignorant, fool, fr. L. nescius ignorant; ne not + scius knowing, scire to know. perhaps influenced by E. nesh delicate, soft. See No, and Science.]

1. Foolish; silly; simple; ignorant; also, weak; effeminate. [Obs.] Gower.

But say that we ben wise and nothing nice. Chaucer.

2. Of trifling moment; nimportant; trivial. [Obs.]

The letter was not nice, but full of charge Of dear import. Shak.

3. Overscrupulous or exacting; hard to please or satisfy; fastidious in small matters.

Curious not knowing, not exact but nice. Pope.
And to taste Think not I shall be nice. Milton.

4. Delicate; refined; dainty; pure.

Dear love, continue nice and chaste. Donne.
A nice and subtile happiness. Milton.

5. Apprehending slight diffferences or delicate distinctions; distinguishing accurately or minutely; carefully discriminating; as, a nice taste or judgment. "Our author happy in a judge so nice." Pope. "Nice verbal criticism." Coleridge.

6. Done or made with careful labor; suited to excite admiration on account of exactness; evidencing great skill; exact; fine; finished; as, nice proportions, nice workmanship, a nice application; exactly or fastidiously discriminated; requiring close discrimination; as, a nice point of law, a nice distinction in philosophy.

The difference is too nice Where ends the virtue, or begins the vice. Pope.

7. Pleasing; agreeable; gratifying; delightful; good; as, a nice party; a nice excursion; a nice person; a nice day; a nice sauce, etc. [Loosely & Colloquially] To make nice of, to be scrupulous about. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Dainty; delicate; exquisite; fine; accurate; exact; correct; precise; particular; scrupulous; punctilious; fastidious; squeamish; finical; effeminate; silly.

Nicely

Nice"ly adv. In a nice manner.

Nicene

Ni"cene (?), a. [L. Nicaenus, fr. Nicaea Nice, Gr. Of or pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor, or to the ecumenial council held there A. D. 325. Nicene Creed (, a summary of Christian faith, composed and adopted by the Council of Nice, against Arianism, A. D. 325, altered and confirmed by the Council of Constantinople, A. D. 381, and by subsequent councils.

Niceness

Nice"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being nice.

Nicery

Ni"cer*y (?), n. Nicety. [Colloq.] Chapman.

Nicety

Ni"ce*ty (?), n.; pl. Niceties (#). [OE. nicet\'82 foolishness.]

1. The quality or state of being nice (in any of the senses of that word.).

The miller smiled of her nicety. Chaucer.

2. Delicacy or exactness of perception; minuteness of observation or of discrimination; precision.

3. A delicate expression, act, mode of treatment, distinction, or the like; a minute distinction.

The fineness and niceties of words. Locke.
To a nicety, with great exactness or accuracy.

Niche

Niche (?), n. [F., fr. It. nicchia, prop., a shell-like recess in a wall, fr. nicchio a shellfish, mussel, fr. L. mytilus.] A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. hence, any similar position, literal or figurative.
Images defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone wherein they are placed. Evelun.

Niched

Niched. (, a. Placed in a niche. "Those niched shapes of noble mold." Tennyson.

Nick

Nick (, n. [AS. nicor a marine monster; akin to D. nikker a water spite, Icel. nykr, ONG. nihhus a crocodile, G. nix a water sprite; cf. Gr. nij. Cf. Nix.] (Northern Myth.) An evil spirit of the waters. Old Nick, the evil one; the devil. [Colloq.]

Nick

Nick, n. [Akin to Nock.]

1. A notch cut into something; as: (a) A score for keeping an account; a reckoning. [Obs.] (b) (Print.) A notch cut crosswise in the shank of a type, to assist a compositor in placing it properly in the stick, and in distribution. W. Savage. (c) A broken or indented place in any edge or surface; nicks in china.

2. A particular point or place considered as marked by a nick; the exact point or critical moment.

To cut it off in the very nick. Howell.
This nick of time is the critical occasion for the gainger of a point. L'Estrange.

Nick

Nick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nicking.]

1. To make a nick or nicks in; to notch; to keep count of or upon by nicks; as, to nick a stick, tally, etc.

2. To mar; to deface; to make ragged, as by cutting nicks or notches in.

And thence proceed to nicking sashes. Prior.
The itch of his affection should not then Have nicked his captainship. Shak.

3. To suit or fit into, as by a correspondence of nicks; to tally with.

Words nicking and resembling one another are applicable to different significations. Camden.

4. To hit at, or in, the nick; to touch rightly; to strike at the precise point or time.

The just season of doing things must be nicked, and all accidents improved. L'Estrange.

5. To make a cross cut or cuts on the under side of (the tail of a horse, in order to make him carry ir higher).

Nick

Nick, v. t. To nickname; to style. [Obs.]
For Warbeck, as you nick him, came to me. Ford.

Nickar nut, Nickar tree

Nick"ar nut` (?), Nick"ar tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as Nicker nut, Nicker tree.

Nickel

Nick"el (?), n. [G., fr. Sw. nickel, abbrev. from Sw. kopparnickel copper-nickel, a name given in derision, as it was thought to be a base ore of copper. The origin of the second part of the word is uncertain. Cf. Kupfer-nickel, Copper-nickel.]

1. (Chem.) A bright silver-white metallic element. It is of the iron group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance. Symbol Ni. Atomic weight 58.6. &hand; On account of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidation, it is used in the smaller coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys, as german silver. It is magnetic, and is very frequently accompanied by cobalt, both being found in meteoric iron.

2. A small coin made of or containing nickel; esp., a five-cent piece. [Colloq. U.S.] Nickel silver, an alloy of nickel, copper, and zinc; -- usually called german silver; called also argentan.

Nickelic

Nick*el"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, nickel; specifically, designating compounds in which, as contrasted with the nickelous compounds, the metal has a higher valence; as nickelic oxide.

Nickeliferous

Nick`el*if"er*ous (?), a. [Nickel + -ferous.] Containing nickel; as, nickelferous iron.

Nickeline

Nick"el*ine (? ∨ ?), n.

1. (Chem.) An alloy of nickel, a variety of German silver.

2. (Min.) Niccolite.

Nickelous

Nick"el*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, those compounds of nickel in which, as contrasted with the nickelic compounds, the metal has a lower valence; as, nickelous oxide. Frankland.

Nicker

Nick"er (?), n. [From Nick, v.t.]

1. One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking windows with half-pence. [Cant] Arbuthnot.

2. The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored.

Nicker nut

Nick"er nut` (?). A rounded seed, rather smaller than a nutmeg, having a hard smooth shell, and a yellowish or bluish color. The seeds grow in the prickly pods of tropical, woody climbers of the genus C\'91salpinia. C. Bonduc has yellowish seeds; C.Bonducella, bluish gray. [Spelt also neckar nut, nickar nut.]

Nicker tree

Nick"er tree` (?). (Bot.) The plant producing nicker nuts. [Written also neckar tree and nickar tree.]

Nicking

Nick"ing, n. [From Nick, v. t.] (Coal Mining) (a) The cutting made by the hewer at the side of the face. (b) pl. Small coal produced in making the nicking.

Nickle

Nic"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European woodpecker, or yaffle; -- called also nicker pecker.

Nicknack

Nick"nack` (?), n. See Knickknack.

Nicknackery

Nick"nack`er*y (?), n. See Knickknackery.

Nickname

Nick"name` (?), n. [OE. ekename surname, hence, a nickname, an ekename being understood as a nekename, influenced also by E. nick, v. See Eke, and Name.] A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity; a familiar or an opprobrious appellation.

Nickname

Nick"name`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nicknamed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Nicknaming.] To give a nickname to; to call by a nickname.
You nickname virtue; vice you should have spoke. Shak.
I altogether disclaim what has been nicknamed the doctrine of finality. Macaulay.
Page 975

Nicolaitan

Ni`co*la"i*tan (?), n. [So called from Nicolas of Antioch, mentioned in Acts vi. 5.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain corrupt persons in the early church at Ephesus, who are censured in rev. ii. 6, 15.

Nicotian

Ni*co"tian (?), n. [F. nicotiane; -- so called from Nicot, who introduced it into France, a.d. 15 Tobacco. [R.] B. Jonson.

Nicotian

Ni*co"tian, a. Pertaining to, or derived from, tobacco. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Nicotian

Ni*co"ti*an (?), n. [NL. See Nicotian.] (Bot.) A genus of American and Asiatic solanaceous herbs, with viscid foliage and funnel-shaped blossoms. Several species yield tobacco. See Tobacco.

Nicotianine

Ni*co"ti*a*nine (? ∨ ?), n. [F. nicotianine. See Nicotian.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance having a hot, bitter taste, extracted from tobacco leaves and called also tobacco camphor.

Nicotic

Ni*cot"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Nicotinic.

Nicotidine

Ni*cot"i*dine (? ∨ ?), n. [Nicotine + pyridine.] (Chem.) A complex, oily, nitrogenous base, isomeric with nicotine, and obtained by the reduction of certain derivatives of the pyridine group.

Nicotine

Nic"o*tine (? ∨ ?), n. [F. nicotine. See Nicotian.] (Chem.) An alkaloid which is the active principle of tobacco. It is a colorless, transparent, oily liquid, having an acrid odor, and an acrid burning taste. It is intensely poisonous. Ure.

Nicotinic

Nic`o*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, nicotine; nicotic; -- used specifically to designate an acid related to pyridine, obtained by the oxidation of nicotine, and called nicotinic acid.

Nictate

Nic"tate (?), v. i. [L. nictare, nictatum, from nicere to beckon.] To wink; to nictitate.

Nictation

Nic*ta"tion (?), n. [L. nictatio nictation.] the act of winking; nictitation.

Nictitate

Nic"ti*tate (?), v. i. [See Nictate.] To wink; to nictate. Nictitating membrance (Anat.), a thin membrance, found in many animals at the inner angle, or beneath the lower lid, of the eye, and capable of being drawn across the eyeball; the third eyelid; the haw.

Nictitation

Nic`ti*ta"tion (?), n. The act of winking.

Nidamental

Nid`a*men"tal (?), a. [L. nidamentum materials for a nest, fr. nidus nest. See Nest.] (Zo\'94l.) of, pertaining to, or baring, eggs or egg capsules; as, the nidament capsules of certain gastropods; nidamental glands. See Illust. of Dibranchiata.

Nidary

Ni"da*ry (?), n. [L. nidus a nest.] A collection of nests. [R.] velyn.

Nide

Nide (?), n. [L. nidus a nest: cf. F. nid.] A nestful; a brood; as, a nide of pheasants. [Obs.]

Nidering

Ni"der*ing (?), a. [See Niding.] Infamous; dastardly. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

Nidgery

Nidg"er*y (?), n. [See Nidget.] A trifle; a piece of foolery. [Obs.] Skinner.

Nidget

Nidg"et (?), n. [Written also nigget, nigeot.] [Cf. F. nigaud a boody, fool, OF. niger to play the fool.] A fool; an idiot, a coward. [Obs.] Camden.

Nidificate

Nid"i*fi*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nidificated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nidificating.] [L. nidificare, nidificatum; nidus nest + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. nest.] To make a nest.
Where are the fishes which nidificated in trees? Lowell.

Nidification

Nid`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nidification.] The act or process of building a nest.

Niding

Ni"ding (n&imac;"d&icr;ng), n. [Written also nithing.] [AS. n&imac;&edh;ing, fr. n&imac;&edh; wickness, malice, hatred.] A coward; a dastard; -- a term of utmost opprobrium. [Obs.]
He is worthy to be called a niding. Howell.

Nidor

Ni"dor (?), n. [L.] Scent or savor of meat or food, cooked or cooking. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Nidorose

Ni"dor*ose` (?), a. Nidorous. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Nidorous

Ni"dor*ous (?), a. [L. nidorosus steaming, reeking: cf. F. nidoreux. See Nidor.] Resembling the smell or taste of roast meat, or of corrupt animal matter. [R.]

Nidulant

Nid"u*lant (?), a. [L. nidulans, p.pr.: cf. F. Nidulant.]

1. Nestling, as a bird in itss nest.

2. (Bot.) Lying loose in pulp or cotton within a berry or pericarp, as in a nest.

Nidulate

Nid"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nidulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nidulating.] [L. nidulari, fr. nidulus, dim. of nidus a nest.] To make a nest, as a bird. [R.] Cockeram.

Nidulation

Nid`u*la"tion (?), n. The time of remaining in the nest. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Nidulite

Nid"u*lite (?), n. [L. nidulus a little nest.] (Paleon.) A Silurian fossil, formerly supposed to consist of eggs.

Nidus

Ni"dus (?), n.; pl. nidi (#). [L. See Nidi, Nest.] A nest: a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, etc.; a breeding place; esp., the place or substance where parasites or the germs of a disease effect lodgment or are developed.

Niece

Niece (?), n. [OE. nece, F. ni\'8ace, LL. neptia, for L. neptis a granddaughter, niece, akin to nepos. See Nephew.]

1. A relative, in general; especially, a descendant, whether male or female; a granddaughter or a grandson. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wyclif. Shak.

2. A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.<-- primary usage -->

Nief

Nief (?), n. See Neif, the fist.

Niellist

Ni*el"list (?), n. One who practices the style of ornamentation called niello.

Niello

Ni*el"lo (?), n. [It. niello, LL. nigellum a black of blackish enamel, fr. L. nigellus, dim. of niger black. See Negro, and cf. Anneal.]

1. A metallic alloy of a deep black color.

2. The art, process, or method of decorating metal with incised designs filled with the black alloy.

3. A piece of metal, or any other object, so decorated.

4. An impression on paper taken from an ancient incised decoration or metal plate.

Nifle

Ni"fle (?), n. [OF.] A trifle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Niggard

Nig"gard (?), n. [Icel. hn\'94ggr niggardly, stingy + -ard; cf. Sw. njugg, AS. hne\'a0w.] A person meanly close and covetous; one who spends grudgingly; a stingy, parsimonous fellow; a miser. Chaucer.
A penurious niggard of his wealth. Milton.
Be niggards of advice on no pretense. Pope.

Niggard

Nig"gard, a. Like a niggard; meanly covetous or parsimonious; niggardly; miserly; stingy.

Niggard

Nig"gard, v. t. & i. To act the niggard toward; to be niggardly. [R.] Shak.

Niggardise

Nig"gard*ise (?), n. Niggardliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Niggardish

Nig"gard*ish, a. Somewhat niggard.

Niggardliness

Nig"gard*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being niggard; meanness in giving or spending; parsimony; stinginess.
Niggardliness is not good husbandry. Addison.

Niggardly

Nig"gard*ly, a. Meanly covetous or avarcious in dealing with others; stingy; niggard.
Where the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the steward to be niggardly. Bp. Hall.
Syn. -- Avarcious; covetous; parsimonious; sparing; miserly; penurios; sordid; stingy. See Avaricious.

Niggardly

Nig"gard*ly, adv. In a niggard manner.

Niggardness

Nig"gard*ness, n. Niggardliness. Sir P. Sidney.

Niggardous

Nig"gard*ous (?), a. Niggardly. [Obs.]
Covetous gathering and niggardous keeping. Sir T. More.

Naggardship

Nag"gard*ship, n. Niggardliness. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Niggardy

Nig"gard*y (?), n. Niggardliness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

nigged

nigged (?), n. [Prov. E. nig to clip money.] (Masonry) Hammer-dressed; -- said of building stone.

Nigger

Nig"ger (?), n. A negro; -- in vulgar derision or depreciation.

Niggish

Nig"gish (?), a. [See Niggard.] Niggardly. [Obs.]

Niggle

Nig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Niggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Niggling (?).] [Dim. of Prov. E. nig to clip money; cf. also Prov. E. nig a small piece.] To trifle with; to deceive; to mock. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Niggle

Nig"gle, v. t.

1. To trifle or play.

Take heed, daughter, You niggle not with your conscience and religion. Massinger.

2. To act or walk mincingly. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To fret and snarl about trifles. [Prov. Eng.]

Niggler

Nig"gler (?), n. One who niggles.

Nigh

Nigh (?), a. [Compar. Nigher (?); superl. Nighest, or Next (.] [OE. nigh, neigh, neih, AS. ne\'a0h, n; akin to D. na, adv., OS. n\'beh, a., OHG. n\'beh, G. nah, a., nach to, after, Icel. n\'be (in comp.) nigh, Goth. n, n, adv., nigh. Cf. Near, Neighbor, Next.]

1. Not distant or remote in place or time; near.

The loud tumult shows the battle nigh. Prior.

2. Not remote in degree, kindred, circumstances, etc.; closely allied; intimate. "Nigh kinsmen." Knolles.

Ye ... are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Eph. ii. 13.
Syn. -- Near; close; adjacent; contiguous; present; neighboring.

Nigh

Nigh, adv. [AS. ne\'a0h, n. See Nigh, a.]

1. In a situation near in place or time, or in the course of events; near.

He was sick, nigh unto death. Phil. ii. 27.
He drew not nigh unheard; the angel bright, Ere he drew nigh, his radiant visage turned. Milton.

2. Almost; nearly; as, he was nigh dead.

Nigh

Nigh, v. t. & i. To draw nigh (to); to approach; to come near. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. iii. 2).

Nigh

Nigh, prep. Near to; not remote or distant from. "was not this nigh shore?" Shak.

Nighly

Nigh"ly, adv. In a near relation in place, time, degree, etc.; within a little; almost. [Obs.]
A cube and a sphere ... nighly of the same bigness. Locke.

Nighness

Nigh"ness, n. The quality or state of being nigh. [R.] "Nighness of blood." Holished.

Night

Night (?), n. [OE. night, niht, AS. neaht, niht; akin to D. nacht, OS. & OHG. naht, G. nacht, Icel. n, Sw. natt, Dan. nat, Goth. nachts, Lith. naktis, Russ. noche, W. nos, Ir. nochd, L. nox, noctis, gr. nakta, nakti. &root; 265. Cf. Equinox, Nocturnal.]

1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise; esp., the time between dusk and dawn, when there is no light of the sun, but only moonlight, starlight, or artificial light.

And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen. i. 5.

2. Hence: (a) Darkness; obscurity; concealment.

Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night. Pope.
(b) Intellectual and moral darkness; ignorance. (c) A state of affliction; adversity; as, a dreary night of sorrow. (d) The period after the close of life; death.
She closed her eyes in everlasting night. Dryden.
(e) A lifeless or unenlivened period, as when nature seems to sleep. "Sad winter's night". Spenser. &hand; Night is sometimes used, esp. with participles, in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, night-blooming, night-born, night-warbling, etc. Night by night, Night after night, nightly; many nights.
So help me God, as I have watched the night, Ay, night by night, in studying good for England. Shak.
-- Night bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The moor hen (Gallinula chloropus). (b) The Manx shearwater (Puffinus Anglorum). -- Night blindness. (Med.) See Hemeralopia. -- Night cart, a cart used to remove the contents of privies by night. -- Night churr, (Zo\'94l.), the nightjar. -- Night crow, a bird that cries in the night. -- Night dog, a dog that hunts in the night, -- used by poachers. -- Night fire. (a) Fire burning in the night. (b) Ignis fatuus; Will-o'-the-wisp; Jask-with-a-lantern. -- Night flyer (Zo\'94l.), any creature that flies in the night, as some birds and insects. -- night glass, a spyglass constructed to concentrate a large amount of light, so as see objects distinctly at night. Totten. -- Night green, iodine green. -- Night hag, a witch supposed to wander in the night. -- Night hawk (Zo\'94l.), an American bird (Chordeiles Virginianus), allied to the goatsucker. It hunts the insects on which it feeds toward evening, on the wing, and often, diving down perpendicularly, produces a loud whirring sound, like that of a spinning wheel. Also sometimes applied to the European goatsuckers. It is called also bull bat. -- Night heron (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of herons of the genus Nycticorax, found in various parts of the world. The best known species is Nycticorax griseus, or N. nycticorax, of Europe, and the American variety (var. n\'91vius). The yellow-crowned night heron (Nycticorax violaceus) inhabits the Southern States. Called also qua-bird, and squawk. -- Night house, a public house, or inn, which is open at night. -- Night key, a key for unfastening a night latch. -- Night latch, a kind of latch for a door, which is operated from the outside by a key. -- Night monkey (Zo\'94l.), an owl monkey. -- night moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of the noctuids. -- Night parrot (Zo\'94l.), the kakapo. -- Night piece, a painting representing some night scene, as a moonlight effect, or the like. -- Night rail, a loose robe, or garment, worn either as a nightgown, or over the dress at night, or in sickness. [Obs.] -- Night raven (Zo\'94l.), a bird of ill omen that cries in the night; esp., the bittern. -- Night rule. (a) A tumult, or frolic, in the night; -- as if a corruption, of night revel. [Obs.] (b) Such conduct as generally rules, or prevails, at night.
What night rule now about this haunted grove? Shak.
-- Night sight. (Med.) See Nyctolopia. -- Night snap, a night thief. [Cant] Beau. & Fl. -- Night soil, human excrement; -- so called because in cities it is collected by night and carried away for manure. -- Night spell, a charm against accidents at night. -- Night swallow (Zo\'94l.), the nightjar. -- Night walk, a walk in the evening or night. -- Night walker. (a) One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist; a noctambulist. (b) One who roves about in the night for evil purposes; specifically, a prostitute who walks the streets. -- Night walking. (a) Walking in one's sleep; somnambulism; noctambulism. (b) Walking the streets at night with evil designs. -- Night warbler (Zo\'94l.), the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis); -- called also night singer. [prov. Eng.] -- Night watch. (a) A period in the night, as distinguished by the change of watch. (b) A watch, or guard, to aford protection in the night. -- Night watcher, one who watches in the night; especially, one who watches with evil designs. -- Night witch. Same as Night hag, above.

Night-blooming

Night"-bloom`ing (?), a. Blooming in the night. Night-blooming cereus. (Bot.) See Note under Cereus.

Nightcap

Night"cap` (?), n.

1. A cap worn in bed to protect the head, or in undress.

2. A potion of spirit drank at bedtime. [Cant] Wright.

Nightdress

Night"dress` (?), n. A nightgown.

Nighted

Night"ed, a.

1. Darkness; clouded. [R.] Shak.

2. Overtaken by night; belated. Beau. & Fl.

Nightertale

Night"er*tale (?), n. [Cf. Icel. n\'bettarpel.] period of night; nighttime. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Night-eyed

Night"-eyed` (?), a. Capable of seeing at night; sharp-eyed. "Your night-eyed Tiberius." B. Jonson.

Nightfall

Night"fall` (?), n. The close of the day. Swift.

Night-faring

Night"-far`ing (?), a. Going or traveling in the night. Gay.

Nightgown

Night"gown` (?), n. A loose gown used for undress; also, a gown used for a sleeping garnment.

Nightingale

Night"in*gale (?), n. [OE. nihtegale,nightingale, AS. nihtegale; niht night + galan to sing, akin to E. yell; cf. D. nachtegaal, OS. nahtigala, OHG. nahtigala, G. nachtigall, Sw. n\'84ktergal, Dan. nattergal. See Night, and Yell.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A small, plain, brown and gray European song bird (Luscinia luscinia). It sings at night, and is celebrated for the sweetness of its song.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A larger species (Lucinia philomela), of Eastern Europe, having similar habits; the thrush nightingale. The name is also applied to other allied species. Mock nightingale. (Zo\'94l.) See Blackcap, n., 1 (a).

Nightish

Night"ish, a. Of or pertaining to night.

Nightjar

Night"jar` (?), n. A goatsucker, esp. the European species. See Illust. of Goatsucker.

Nightless

Night"less, a. Having no night.

Nightlong

Night"long` (?; 115), a. Lasting all night.

Nightly

Night"ly, a. Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils.

Nightly

Night"ly, adv. At night; every night.

Nightman

Night"man (?), n.; pl. Nightmen (. One whose business is emptying privies by night.
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Nightmare

Night"mare` (?), n. [Night + mare incubus. See Mare incubus.]

1. A fiend or incubus formerly supposed to cause trouble in sleep.

2. A condition in sleep usually caused by improper eating or by digestive or nervous troubles, and characterized by a sense of extreme uneasiness or discomfort (as of weight on the chest or stomach, impossibility of motion or speech, etc.), or by frightful or oppressive dreams, from which one wakes after extreme anxiety, in a troubled state of mind; incubus. Dunglison.

3. Hence, any overwhelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence.

Nightshade

Night"shade` (?), n. [AS. nichtscadu.] (Bot.) A common name of many species of the genus Solanum, given esp. to the Solanum nigrum, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous. Deadly nightshade. Same as Belladonna (a). -- Enchanter's nightshade. See under Enchanter. -- Stinking nightshade. See Henbane. -- Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium.

Nightshirt

Night"shirt` (?), n. A kind of nightgown for men.

Nighttime

Night"time` (?), n. The time from dusk to dawn; -- opposed to daytime.

Nightward

Night"ward (?), a. Approaching toward night.

Nigraniline

Ni*gran"i*line (? ∨ ?), n. [L. niger black + E. aniline.] (Chem.) The complex, nitrogenous, organic base and dyestuff called also aniline black.

Nigrescent

Ni*gres"cent (?), a. [L. nigrescens, p.pr. of nigrescere to grow black, fr. niger black. See Negro.] Growing black; changing to a black color; approaching to blackness. Johnson.

Nigrification

Nig`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nigrificare to blacken; niger black + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of making black. [R.] Johnson.

Nigrine

Ni"grine (?), n. [L. niger black: cf. F. nigrine.] (Min.) A ferruginous variety of rutile.

Nigritude

Nig"ri*tude (?), n. [L. nigritudo, fr. niger black.] Blackness; the state of being black. Lamb.

Nigromancie

Nig"ro*man`cie (?), n. Necromancy. [Obs.]

Nigromancien

Nig"ro*man`cien (?), n. A necromancer. [Obs.]
These false enchanters or nigromanciens. Chaucer.

Nigrosine

Ni"gro*sine (? ∨ ?), n. [From L. niger black.] (Chem.) A dark blue dyestuff, of the induline group; -- called also azodiphenyl blue.

Nigua

Ni"gua (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) The chigoe.

Nihil

Ni"hil (?), n. [L.] Nothing. Nihil album [L., white nothing] (Chem.), oxide of zinc. See under Zinc. -- Nihil debet [L., he owes nothing] (Law), the general issue in certain actions of debt. -- Nihil dicit [L., he says nothing] (Law), a declinature by the defendant to plead or answer. Tomlins.

Nihilism

Ni"hil*ism (?), n. [L. nihil nothing: cf. F. nihilisme. See Annihilate.]

1. Nothingness; nihility.

2. The doctrine that nothing can be known; scepticism as to all knowledge and all reality.

3. (Politics) The theories and practices of the Nihilists.

Nihilist

Ni"hil*ist, n. [Cf. F. nihiliste. See Nihilism.]

1. One who advocates the doctrine of nihilism; one who believes or teaches that nothing can be known, or asserted to exist.

2. (Politics) A member of a secret association (esp. in Russia), which is devoted to the destruction of the present political, religious, and social institutions.

Nihilistic

Ni`hil*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, nihilism.

Nihility

Ni*hil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nihilit\'82. See Nihilism.] Nothingness; a state of being nothing.

Nil

Nil (?). [See Nill, v. t.] Will not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nil

Nil, n. & a. [L., a contr. of nihil.] Nothing; of no account; worthless; -- a term often used for canceling, in accounts or bookkeeping. A. J. Ellis. <-- (computers) A special value used in certain computer languages to mean "no value", to be distinguished from the value zero. -->

Nile

Nile (?), n. [L. Nilus, gr. The great river of Egypt. Nile bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The crocodile bird. -- Nile goose (Zo\'94l.), the Egyptian goose. See Note under Goose, 2.

Nilgau

Nil"gau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) see Nylghau.

Nill

Nill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nilling.] [AS. nilan, nyllan; ne not + willan to will. See No, and Will.] Not to will; to refuse; to reject. [Obs.]
Certes, said he, I nill thine offered grace. Spenser.

Nill

Nill, v. i. To be unwilling; to refuse to act.
The actions of the will are "velle" and "nolle," to will and nill. Burton.
Will he, nill he, whether he wills it or not.<-- contracted to willy-nilly -->

Nill

Nill, n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. neul star, light. Cf. Nebula.]

1. Shining sparks thrown off from melted brass.

2. Scales of hot iron from the forge. Knight.

Nilometer

Ni*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. nilom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during its periodical flood.

Niloscope

Ni"lo*scope (?), n. [Gr. A Nilometer.

Nilotic

Ni*lot"ic (?), a. [L. Niloticus, fr. Nilus th Nile, Gr. nilotique.] Of or pertaining to the river Nile; as, the Nilotic crocodile.

Nilt

Nilt (?). [Contr. fr. ne wilt.] Wilt not. [Obs.]

Nim

Nim (?), v. t. [imp. Nam (?) or Nimmed (; p. p. Nomen (?) or Nome (.] [AS. niman. &root; 7. Cf. Nimble.] To take; to steal; to filch. [Obs.]
This canon it in his hand nam. Chaucer.

Nimbiferous

Nim*bif"er*ous (?), a. [L. nimbifer; nimbus a cloud + ferre to bear.] Serving to bring clouds or stormy weather.

Nimble

Nim"ble (?), a. [Compar. Nimbler (?); superl. Nimblest (?).] [OE. nimel, prob. orig., quick at seizing, fr. nimen to take, AS. niman; akin to D. nemen, G. nehmen, OHG. neman, Icel. nema, Goth. nima, and prob. to Gr. Nomand, Numb.] Light and quick in motion; moving with ease and celerity; lively; swift.
Through the mid seas the nimble pinnace sails. Pope.
&hand; Nimble is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, nimble-footed, nimble-pinioned, nimble-winged, etc. Nimble Will (Bot.), a slender, branching, American grass (Muhlenbergia diffusa), of some repute for grazing purposes in the Mississippi valley. Syn. -- Agile; quick; active; brisk; lively; prompt.

Nimbleness

Nim"ble*ness, n. The quality of being nimble; lightness and quickness in motion; agility; swiftness.

Nimbless

Nim"bless (?), n. Nimbleness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Nimbly

Nim"bly, adv. In a nimble manner; with agility; with light, quick motion.

Nimbose

Nim*bose" (?), a. [L. nimbosus, fr. nimbus cloud.] Cloudy; stormy; tempestuous.

Nimbus

Nim"bus (?), n.; pl. L. Nimbi (#), E. Nimbuses (#). [L., a rain storm, a rain cloud, the cloudshaped which enveloped the gods when they appeared on earth.]

1. (Fine Arts) A circle, or disk, or any indication of radiant light around the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns, upon medals, pictures, etc.; a halo. See Aureola, and Glory, n., 5. &hand; "The nimbus is of pagan origin." "As an atribute of power, the nimbus is often seen attached to the heads of evil spirits." Fairholl.

2. (Meteor.) A rain cloud; one of the four principal varieties of clouds. See Cloud.

Nimiety

Ni*mi"e*ty (?), n. [L. nimietas, fr. nimius, a., nimis, adv., too much.] State of being in excess. [R.]
There is a nimiety, a too-muchess, in all Germans. Coleridge.

Nimious

Nim"i*ous (?), a. [L. nimius.] Excessive; extravagant; inordinate. [Obs.]

Nimmer

Nim"mer (?), n. [From Nim.] A thief. [Obs.]

Nin

Nin (?). [Fr. ne in.] Not in. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nincompoop

Nin"com*poop (?), n. [A corruption of non compos.] A fool; a silly or stupid person. [Law]
An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the best language she can afford me. Addison.

Nine

Nine (?), a. [OE. nine, nihen, AS. nigon, nigan; akin to D. & LG. negen, OS. & OFries. nigun, OHG. niun, G. neun, Icel. n\'c6u, sw. nio, Dan. ni, Goth. niun, Ir. & Gael. naoi, W. naw, L. novem, gr. navan; of unknown origin. Novembeer.] Eight and one more; one less than ten; as, nine miles. Nine men's morris. See Morris. -- Nine points circle (Geom.), a circle so related to any given triangle as to pass through the three points in which the perpendiculars from the angles of the triangle upon the opposite sides (or the sides produced) meet the sides. It also passes through the three middle points of the sides of the triangle and through the three middle points of those parts of the perpendiculars that are between their common point of meeting and the angles of the triangle. The circle is hence called the nine points ∨ six points circle.

Nine

Nine, n.

1. The number greater than eight by a unit; nine units or objects.

2. A symbol representing nine units, as 9 or ix. The Nine, the nine Muses.

Nine-bark

Nine"-bark` (?), n. (Bot.) A white-flowered rosaceous shrub (Neillia, ∨ Spir\'91a, opulifolia), common in the Northern United States. The bark separates into many thin layers, whence the name.

Nine-eyes

Nine"-eyes` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lamprey.

Ninefold

Nine"fold` (?), a. Nine times repeated.

Nineholes

Nine"holes` (?), n. pl. A game in which nine holes are made in the ground, into which a ball is bowled.

Nine-killer

Nine"-kill`er (?), n. [So called because it is believed to kill and impale on thorns nine birds, etc., in succession.] (Zo\'94l.) The northern butcher bird.

Ninepence

Nine"pence (?), n.; pl. Ninepences (.

1. An old English silver coin, worth nine pence.

2. A New England name for the Spanish real, a coin formerly current in the United States, as valued at twelve and a half cents.

Ninepins

Nine"pins (?), n. pl. A game played with nine pins, or pieces of wood, set on end, at which a wooden ball is bowled to knock them down; bowling. &hand; In the United States, ten pins are used for this game, which is therefore often called tenpins.

Ninescore

Nine"score` (?), a. Nine times twenty, or one hundred and eighty. -- n. The product of nine times twenty; ninescore units or objects.

Nineteen

Nine"teen` (?), a. [AS. nigont, nigont. See Nine, and Ten.] Nine and ten; eighteen and one more; one less than twenty; as, nineteen months.

Nineteen

Nine"teen`, n.

1. The number greater than eighteen by a unit; the sum of ten and nine; nineteen units or objects.

2. A symbol for nineteen units, as 19 or xix.

Nineteenth

Nine"teenth` (?), a. [Cf. AS. nigonte\'a2.]

1. Following the eighteenth and preceding the twentieth; coming after eighteen others.

2. Constituting or being one of nineteen equal parts into which anything is divided.

Nineteenth

Nine"teenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by nineteen; one of nineteen equal parts of anything.

2. The next in order after the eighteenth.

3. (Mus.) An interval of two octaves and a fifth.

Ninetieth

Nine"ti*eth (?), a.

1. Next in order after the eighty-ninth.

2. Constituting or being one of ninety equal parts.

Ninetieth

Nine"ti*eth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by ninety; one of ninety equal parts of anything.

2. The next in order after the eighty-ninth.

Ninety

Nine"ty (?), a. [See Nine, and cf. Forty.] Nine times ten; eighty-nine and one more; as, ninety men.

Ninety

Nine"ty, n.; pl. Nineties (.

1. The sum of nine times ten; the number greater by a unit than eighty-nine; ninety units or objects.

2. A symbol representing ninety units, as 90 or xc.

Ninny

Nin"ny (?), n.; pl. Ninnies (#). [Cf. It. ninno, ninna, a baby, Sp. ni\'a4o, ni\'a4a, child, infant, It. ninna, ninna nanna, lullably, prob. fr. ni, na, as used in singing a child to sleep.] A fool; a simpleton. Shak.

Ninnyhammer

Nin"ny*ham`mer (?), n. A simpleton; a silly person. [Colloq.] Addison.

Ninth

Ninth (?), a. [From Nine; cf. AS. nigo&edh;a.]

1. Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight others.

2. Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything is divided.

Ninth

Ninth, n.

1. The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a thing; the next after the eighth.

2. (Mus.) (a) An interval containing an octave and a second. (b) A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added.

Ninthly

Ninth"ly, adv. In the ninth place.

Ninut

Nin"ut (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. [Prov. Eng.]

Niobate

Ni"o*bate (?), n. [See Niobium.] (Chem.) Same as Columbate.

Niobe

Ni"o*be (?), n. [L. Nioba, Niobe, gr. (Class, Myth.) The daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Her pride in her children provoked Apollo and Diana, who slew them all. Niobe herself was changed by the gods into stone.

Niobic

Ni*ob"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Same as Columbic.

Niobite

Ni"o*bite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Columbite.

Niobium

Ni*o"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. & E. Niobe.] (Chem.) A later name of columbium. See Columbium.

Niopo

Ni*o"po (?), n. A kind of snuff prepared by the natives of Venezuela from the roasted seeds of a leguminous tree (Piptadenia peregrina), thence called niopo tree.

Nip

Nip (?), n. [LG. & D. nippen to sip; akin to Dan. nippe, G. nippen.] A sip or small draught; esp., a draught of intoxicating liquor; a dram.

Nip

Nip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nipped (?), less properly Nipt; p. pr. & vb. n. Nipping (?).] [OE. nipen; cf. D. niipen to pinch, also knippen to nip, clip, pinch, snap, knijpen to pinch, LG. knipen, G. kneipen, kneifen, to pinch, cut off, nip, Lith. knebti.]

1. To catch and inclose or compress tightly between two surfaces, or points which are brought together or closed; to pinch; to close in upon.

May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell, Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress. Tennyson.

2. To remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with two meeting edges of anything; to clip.

The small shoots ... must be nipped off. Mortimer.

3. Hence: To blast, as by frost; to check the growth or vigor of; to destroy.

4. To vex or pain, as by nipping; hence, to taunt.

And sharp remorse his heart did prick and nip. Spenser.
To nip in the bud, to cut off at the verycommencement of growth; to kill in the incipient stage.

Nip

Nip, n.

1. A seizing or closing in upon; a pinching; as, in the northern seas, the nip of masses of ice.

2. A pinch with the nails or teeth.

3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end.

4. A blast; a killing of the ends of plants by frost.

5. A biting sarcasm; a taunt. Latimer.

6. (Naut.) A short turn in a rope. Nip and tuck, a phrase signifying equality in a contest. [Low, U.S.]

Nipper

Nip"per (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, nips.

2. A fore tooth of a horse. The nippers are four in number.

3. A satirist. [Obs.] Ascham.

4. A pickpocket; a young or petty thief. [Old Cant]

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cunner. (b) A European crab (Polybius Henslowii).

Nipperkin

Nip"per*kin, n. [See 1st Nip.] A small cup. [Obs.]

Nippers

Nip"pers (?), n. pl. [From 2d Nip.]

1. Small pinchers for holding, breaking, or cutting.

2. (Mach.) A device with fingers or jaws for seizing an object and holding or conveying it; as, in a printing press, a clasp for catching a sheet and conveying it to the form.

3. (Naut.) A number of rope-yarns wound together, used to secure a cable to the messenger.

Nipping

Nip"ping (?), a. Biting; pinching; painful; destructive; as, a nipping frost; a nipping wind.

Nippingly

Nip"ping*ly, adv. In a nipping manner.

Nippitate

Nip"pi*tate (?), a. [Cf. 1st Nip.] Peculiary strong and good; -- said of ale or liquor. [Old Cant]
'T will make a cup of wine taste nippitate. Chapman.

Nippitato

Nip`pi*ta"to (?), n. Strong liquor. [Old Cant] Beau. & Fl.

Nipple

Nip"ple (?), n. [Formerly neble, a dim. of neb. See Neb, Nib.]

1. (Anat.) The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap.

2. The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil bag, is discharged. [R.] Derham.

3. Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; as, the nipple of a nursing bottle; the nipple of a percussion lock, or that part on which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge.

4. (Mech.) A pipe fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a screw thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings. Solder nipple, a short pipe, usually of brass, one end of which is tapered and adapted for attachment to the end of a lead pipe by soldering.

Page 977

Nipplewort

Nip"ple*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A yellow-flowered composite herb (Lampsana communis), formerly used as an external application to the nipples of women; -- called also dock-cress.

Nirvana

Nir*va"na (?), n. [Skr. nirv\'be&nsdot;a.] In the Buddhist system of religion, the final emancipation of the soul from transmigration, and consequently a beatific enfrachisement from the evils of wordly existence, as by annihilation or absorption into the divine. See Buddhism.

Nis

Nis (?). [From ne is.] Is not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nisan

Ni"san (?), n. [Heb. n\'c6s\'ben.] The first month of the jewish ecclesiastical year, formerly answering nearly to the month of April, now to March, of the Christian calendar. See Abib.

Nisey

Ni"sey (?), n.; pl. Nyseys. A simpleton. [Obs.]

Nisi

Ni"si (?), conj. [L.] Unless; if not.<-- Law --> &hand; In legal proceedings, this word is used to indicate that any order, etc., shall take effect at a given time, unless before that time the order, etc., in modified, or something else is done to prevent its taking effect. Continuance nisi is a conditional continuance of the case till the next term of the court, unless otherwise disposed of in the mean time. Nisi prius (Law), unless before; -- a phrase applied to terms of court, held generally by a single judge, with a jury, for the trial of civil causes. The term originated in a legal fiction. An issue of fact being made up, it is, according to the English practice, appointed by the entry on the record, or written proceedings, to be tried by a jury from the county of which the proceedings are dated, at Westminster, unless before the day appointed (nisi prius) the judges shall have come to the county in question (which they always do) and there try the cause. See In banc, under Banc.

Niste

Nis"te (?). [Contr. from ne wiste.] Wist not; knew not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nisus

Ni"sus (?), n. [L., fr. niti, p.p. nisus, to strive.] A striving; an effort; a conatus.
A nisus or energizing towards a presented object. Hickok.

Nit

Nit (?), n. [AS. hnitu; akin to D. neet, G. niss, OHG. niz; cf. gr. gnit, Sw. gnet, Dan. gnid, Russ. & Pol. gnida, Bohem. hnida, W. nedd.] (Zo\'94l.) The egg of a louse or other small insect. Nit grass (Bot.), a pretty annual European grass (Gastridium lendigerum), with small spikelets somewhat resembling a nit. It is also found in California and Chili.

Nitency

Ni"ten*cy (?), n. [L. nitens, p.pr. of nitere to shine.] Brightness; luster. [R.]

Nitency

Ni"ten*cy, n. [From :. nitens, p.pr. pf niti to strive.] Endeavor; rffort; tendency. [R.] Boyle.

Niter, Nitre

Ni"ter, Ni"tre (?), n. [F. nitre, L. nitrum native soda, natron, Gr. nit, natr natron. Cf. Natron.]

1. (Chem.) A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See Saltpeter.

2. (Chem.) Native sodium carbonate; natron. [Obs.]

For though thou wash thee with niter, and take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me. Jer. ii. 22.
Cubic niter, a deliquescent salt, sodium nitrate, found as a native incrustation, like niter, in Peru and Chili, whence it is known also as Chili saltpeter. -- Niter bush (Bot.), a genus (Nitraria) of thorny shrubs bearing edible berries, and growing in the saline plains of Asia and Northern Africa.

Nithing

Nith"ing (?), n. [Obs.] See Niding.

Nitid

Nit"id (?), a. [L. nitidus, fr. nitere. See 3d Neat.]

1. Bright; lustrous; shining. [R.] Boyle.

2. Gay; spruce; fine; -- said of persons. [R.] T. Reeve.

Nitranilic

Ni`tra*nil"ic (?), a. [Nitro- + chloranil + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid produced as a white crystalline substance by the action of nitrous acid on hydroquinone.

Nitraniline

Ni*tran"i*line (? ∨ ?), n. [Nitro- + aniline.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of aniline. In general they are yellow crystalline substances.

Nitrate

Ni"trate (?), n. [Cf. F. nitrate.] (Chem.) A salt of nitric acid. Nitrate of silver, a white crystalline salt (AgNO3), used in photography and as a cauterizing agent; -- called also lunar caustic.<-- usu. called silver nitrate -->

Nitrated

Ni"tra*ted (?), a.

1. (Chem.) Combined, or impregnated, with nitric acid, or some of its compounds.

2. (Photog.) Prepared with nitrate of silver.

Nitratine

Ni"tra*tine (?), n. (Min.) A mineral occurring in transparent crystals, usually of a white, sometimes of a reddish gray, or lemon-yellow, color; native sodium nitrate. It is used in making nitric acid and for manure. Called also soda niter.

Nitre

Ni"tre (?), n. (Chem.) See Niter.

Nitriary

Ni"tri*a*ry (?), n. [See Niter.] An artificial bed of animal matter for the manufacture of niter by nitrification. See Nitrification, 2.

Nitric

Ni"tric (?), a. [Cf. F. nitrique. See Niter.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically, designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with nitrous compounds, the element has a higher valence; as, nitric oxide; nitric acid. Nitric acid, a colorless or yellowish liquid obtained by distilling a nitrate with sulphuric acid. It is powerfully corrosive, being a strong acid, and in decomposition a strong oxidizer. -- Nitric anhydride, a white crystalline oxide of nitrogen (N2O5), called nitric pentoxide, and regarded as the anhydride of nitric acid. -- Nitric oxide, a colorless poisous gas (NO) obtained by treating nitric acid with copper. On contact with the air or with oxygen, it becomes reddish brown from the formation of nitric dioxide or peroxide.<-- nitric dioxide (nitrogen dioxide) is not defined! = NO2-->

Nitride

Ni"tride (? ∨ ?), n. [fromNitrogen.] (Chem.) A binary compound of nitrogen with a more metallic element or radical; as, boric nitride.

Nitriferous

Ni*trif"er*ous (?), a. [Niter + -ferous.] Bearing niter; yielding, or containing, niter.

Nitrification

Ni`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nitrification. see Nitrify.]

1. (Chem.) (a) The act, process, or result of combining with nitrogen or some of its compounds. (b) The act or process of oxidizing nitrogen or its compounds so as to form nitrous or nitric acid.

2. A process of oxidation, in which nitrogenous vegetable and animal matter in the presence of air, moisture, and some basic substances, as lime or alkali carbonate, is converted into nitrates. &hand; The process is going on at all times in porous soils and in water contaminated with nitrogenous matter, and is supposed to be due to the presence of an organized ferment or ferments, called nitrification ferments. In former times the process was extensively made use of in the production of saltpeter.

Nitrifier

Ni"tri*fi`er (?), n. (Chem.) An agent employed in nitrification.

Nitrify

Ni"tri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nitrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrifying (?).] [Niter + -fy: cf. F. nitrifer. See Niter.] (Chem.) To combine or impregnate with nitrogen; to convert, by oxidation, into nitrous or nitric acid; to subject to, or produce by, nitrification.

Nitrile

Ni"trile (? ∨ ?), n. [See Nitro-.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia. &hand; The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition, thus, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.<-- usu. acetonitrile -->

Nitrite

Ni"trite (?), n. [Cf. F. nitrite. See Niter.] (Chem.) A salt of nitrous acid. Amyl nitrite, a yellow oily volatile liquid, used in medicine as a depressant and a vaso-dilator. Its inhalation produces an instantaneous flushing of the face.

Nitro-

Ni"tro- (.

1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of niter.

2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively) designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids, as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene. Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.

Nitrobenzene

Ni`tro*ben"zene (? ∨ ?), n. [Nitro- + benzene.] (Chem.) A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane. It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called also nitrobenzol.

Nitrobenzol, Nitrobenzole

Ni`tro*ben"zol, Ni`tro*ben"zole, (, n. See Nitrobenzene.

Nitrocalcite

Ni`tro*cal"cite (?), n. [Nitro- + calcite.] (Min.) Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color, occuring in efforescences on old walls, and in limestone caves, especially where there exists decaying animal matter.

Nitrocarbol

Ni`tro*car"bol (?), n. [Nitro- + carbon + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) See Nitromethane.

Nitrocellulose

Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose` (?), n. [Nitro- + cellulose.] (Chem.) See Gun cotton, under Gun.

Nitro-chloroform

Ni`tro-chlo"ro*form (?), n. [Nitro- + chloroform.] (Chem.) Same as Chlorpicrin.

Nitroform

Ni"tro*form (?), n. [Nitro- + formyl.] (Chem.) A nitro derivative of methane, analogous to chloroform, obtained as a colorless oily or crystalline substance, CH.(NO2)3, quite explosive, and having well-defined acid properties.

Nitrogelatin

Ni`tro*gel"a*tin (?), n. [Nitro- + gelatin.] An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved in nitroglycerin. [Written also nitrogelatine.]

Nitrogen

Ni`tro*gen (?), n. [L. nitrum natron + -gen: cf. F. nitrog\'8ane. See Niter.] (Chem.) A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume. It is chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting life (hence the name azote still used by French chemists); but it forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14. It was formerly regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva.

Nitrogenize

Ni"tro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nitrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrogenizing.] (Chem.) To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.

Nitrogenous

Ni*trog"e*nous (?), a. (Chem.) of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous principle; nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogenous foods. See 2d Note under Food, n., 1.

Nitroglycerin

Ni`tro*glyc"er*in (?), n. [Nitro- + glycerinn.] (Chem.) A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish, and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of nitric acid, and hence more properly called glycerin nitrate. It is made by the action of nitric acid on glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion. [Written also nitroglycerine.] &hand; A great number of explosive compounds have been produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different substances; as, dynamite, or giant powder, nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth; lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia powder, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin, nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood fiber and nitroglycerin.

Nitrohydrochloric

Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Nitro- + hydrochloric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric acids. Nitrohydrochloric acid, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also nitromuriatic acid, and aqua regia.

Nitrol

Ni"trol (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of hydrocarbons containing the nitro and the nitroso or isonitroso group united to the same carbon atom.

Nitroleum

Ni*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. nitrum natron + oleum oil.] (Chem.) Nitroglycerin.

Nitrolic

Ni*trol"ic (?), a. (Chem.) of, derived from, or designating, a nitrol; as, a nitrolic acid.

Nitromagnesite

Ni`tro*mag"ne*site (?), n. [Nitro- + magnesite.] (Chem.) Nitrate of magnesium, a saline efflorescence closely resembling nitrate of calcium.

Nitrometer

Ni*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Nitro- + -meter: cf. F. nitrom\'8atre.] (Chem.) An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of its compounds in any substance subjected to analysis; an azotometer.

Nitromethane

Ni`tro*meth"ane (?), n. [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.) A nitro derivative of methane obtained as a mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol.

Nitromuriatic

Ni`tro*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. nitromuriatique. See Nitro-, and Muriatic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or composed of, nitric acid and muriatic acid; nitrohydrochloric. See Nitrohydrochloric.

Nitrophnol

Ni`tro*ph"nol (?), n. [Nitro- + phenol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of phenol. They are yellow oily or crystalline substances and have well-defined acid properties, as picric acid.

Nitroprussic

Ni`tro*prus"sic (? ∨ , a. [Nitro- + prussic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called nitroprussides, which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides.

Nitroprusside

Ni`tro*prus"side (?), n. See Nitroprussic.

Nitroquinol

Ni`tro*qui"nol (?), n. [Nitro- + quine + -ol.] (Chem.) A hypothetical nitro derivative of quinol or hydroquinone, not known in the free state, but forming a well defined series of derivatives.

Niteosaccharin

Ni`teo*sac"cha*rin (?), n. [Nitro- + saccharin.] (Chem.) An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc.

Nitrosalicylic

Ni`tro*sal`i*cyl"ic (?), a. [Nitro- + salicylic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitro derivative of salicylic acid, called also anilic acid.

Nitrose

Ni*trose" (?), a. (Chem.) See Nitrous.

Nitroso-

Ni*tro"so- (. (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) designating the group or radical NO, called the nitroso group, or its compounds.

Nitrosyl

Ni*tro"syl (?), n. [Nitroso- + -yl.] (Chem.) the radical NO, called also the nitroso group. The term is sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro compounds; as, nitrosyl sulphuric acid. Used also adjectively.

Nitrosylic

Ni`tro*syl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrosyl; as, nitrosylic acid.

Nitrous

Ni"trous (?), a. [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F. nitreux. See Niter.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of niter, or resembling it.

2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower valence as contrasted with nitric compounds. Nitrous acid (Chem.), a hypothetical acid of nitrogen HNO2, not known in the free state, but forming a well known series of salts, viz., the nitrites. -- Nitrous oxide. See Laughing gas.

Nitroxyl

Ni*trox"yl (?), n. [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The group NO2, usually called the nitro group.

Nitrum

Ni"trum (?), n. [L., natron. See Niter.] (Old Chem.) Niter. Nitrum flammans [L., flaming niter] (Old Chem.), ammonium nitrate; -- probably so called because it deflagerates when suddenly heated.

Nitry

Ni"try (?), a. (Chem.) Nitrous. [Obs.]

Nitryl

Ni"tryl (?), n. [Nitro- + -yl.] (Chem.) A name sometimes given to the nitro group or radical.

Nitter

Nit"ter (?), n. [From Nit.] (Zo\'94l.) The horselouse; an insect that deposits nits on horses.

Nittily

Nit"ti*ly (?), adv. Lousily. [Obs.] Haywar

Nittings

Nit"tings (?), n. pl. [Prob. from Nit.] (Mining) The refuse of good ore. Raymond.

Nitty

Nit"ty (?), a. Full of nits. B. Jonson.

Nitty

Nit"ty, a. [L. nitidus. See Nitid.] Shining; elegant; spruce. [Obs.] "O sweet, nitty youth." Marston.

Nival

Ni"val (?), a. [L. nivalis, fr. nix, nivis, snow.] Abounding with snow; snowy. [Obs.] Johnson.

Niveous

Niv"e*ous (?), a. [L. niveus, fr. nix, nivis, snow.] Snowy; resembling snow; partaking of the qualities of snow. Sir T. Browne.

Nivose

Ni`vose" (?), n. [F., fr. L. nix. nivis, snow.] The fourth month of the French republican calendar [1792-1806]. It commenced December 21, and ended January 19. See Vend\'90miaire.

Nix

Nix (?), n.; fem. Nixe (. [G. Cf. 1st Nick.] (Teut. Myth.) One of a class of water spirits, commonly described as of a mischievous disposition.
The treacherous nixes who entice men to a watery death. Tylor.

Nixie

Nix"ie (?), n. See Nix.

Nizam

Ni*zam" (?), n. [Hind. & Ar. niz\'bem order, a ruler, fr. Ar. nazama arrange, govern.] The title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad, in India, since 1719.

No

No (?), a. [OE. no, non, the same word as E. none; cf. E. a, an. See None.] Not any; not one; none.
Let there be no strife ... between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8.
That goodness is no name, and happiness no dream. Byron.
&hand; In Old England before a vowel the form non or noon was used. "No man." "Noon apothercary." Chaucer.
Page 978

No

No, adv. [OE. no, na, AS. n\'be; ne not + \'be ever. AS. ne is akin to OHG. ni, Goth. ni, Russ. ne, Ir., Gael. & W. ni, L. ne, gr. nh (in comp.), Skr. na, and also to E. prefix un-. &root; 193. See Aye, and cf. Nay, Not, Nice, Nefarious.] Nay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another negative, no is emphatic.
We do no otherwise than we are willed. Shak.
I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or no I dare accept this your congratulation. Coleridge.
There is none righteous, no, not one. Rom. iii. 10.
No! Nay, Heaven forbid. Coleridge.

No

No (?), n.; pl. Noes (.

1. A refusal by use of the wordd no; a denial.

2. A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; as, to call for the ayes and noes; the noes have it.

Noachian

No*a"chi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the patriarch Noah, or to his time.

Noah

No"ah (?), n. [Heb. N&omac;akh rest.] A patriarch of Biblical history, in the time of the Deluge. Noah's ark. (a) (Zo\'94l.) A marine bivalve shell (Arca No\'91), which somewhat resembles an ark, or ship, in form. (b) A child's toy, consisting of an ark-shaped box containing many different wooden animals.

Nob

Nob (?), n. [Cf. Knob.] The head. [Low]

Nob

Nob, n. [Abbrev. fr. noble.] A person in a superior position in life; a nobleman. [Slang]

Nobbily

Nob"bi*ly (?), adv. In a nobby manner. [Slang]

Nobbler

Nob"bler (?), n. A dram of spirits. [Australia]

Nobby

Nob"by (?), a. [From 2d Nob.] Stylish; modish; elegant; showy; aristocratic; fashionable. [Slang]

Nobiliary

No*bil"ia*ry (?), a. [F. nobiliare. See Noble.] Of or pertaining to the nobility. Fitzed. Hall.

Nobiliary

No*bil"ia*ry, n. A history of noble families.

Nobilify

No*bil"i*fy (?), v. t. [L. nobilis noble + -fy.] To make noble; to nobiliate. [Obs.]

Nobilitate

No*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. nobilitatus, p.p. of nobilitare.] To make noble; to ennoble; to exalt. [Obs.]

Nobilitation

No*bil`i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. nobilitation.] The act of making noble. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Nobility

No*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. nobilitas: cf. OF. nobilit\'82. See Noble.]

1. The quality or state of being noble; superiority of mind or of character; commanding excellence; eminence.

Though she hated Amphialus, yet the nobility of her courage prevailed over it. Sir P. Sidney.
They thought it great their sovereign to control, And named their pride nobility of soul. Dryden.

2. The state of being of high rank or noble birth; patrician dignity; antiquity of family; distinction by rank, station, or title, whether inherited or conferred.

I fell on the same argument of preferring virtue to nobility of blood and titles, in the story of Sigismunda. Dryden.

3. Those who are noble; the collictive body of nobles or titled persons in a stste; the aristocratic and patrician class; the peerage; as, the English nobility.

Noble

No"ble (?), a. [Compar. Nobler (?); superl. Noblest (?).] [F. noble, fr. L. nobilis that can be or is known, well known, famous, highborn, noble, fr.noscere to know. See know.]

1. Possessing eminence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above whatever is low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable; magnanimous; as, a noble nature or action; a noble heart.

Statues, with winding ivy crowned, belong To nobler poets for a nobler song. Dryden.

2. Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; as, a noble edifice.

3. Of exalted rank; of or pertaining to the nobility; distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn; as, noble blood; a noble personage. &hand; Noble is used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, noble-born, noble-hearted, noble-minded. Noble metals (Chem.), silver, gold, and platinum; -- so called from their freedom from oxidation and permanence in air. Copper, mercury, aluminium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium are sometimes included. Syn. -- Honorable; worthy; dignified; elevated; exalted; superior; sublime; great; eminent; illustrious; renowned; stately; splendid; magnificent; grand; magnanimous; generous; liberal; free.

Noble

No"ble, n.

1. A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer.

2. An English money of account, and, formerly, a gold coin, of the value of 6 s. 8 d. sterling, or about $1.61.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A European fish; the lyrie.

Noble

No"ble, v. t. To make noble; to ennoble. [Obs.]
Thou nobledest so far forth our nature. Chaucer.

Nobleman

No"ble*man (?), n.; pl. Noblemen (. One of the nobility; a noble; a peer; one who enjoys rank above a commoner, either by virtue of birth, by office, or by patent.

Noble-minded

No"ble-mind`ed (?), a. Having a noble mind; honorable; magnanimous. -- No"ble-mind`ed*ness, n.

Nobleness

No"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being noble; greatness; dignity; magnanimity; elevation of mind, character, or station; nobility; grandeur; stateliness.
His purposes are full honesty, nobleness, and integrity. Jer. Taylor.

Nobless, Noblesse

No*bless", No*blesse" (?; 277), n. [F. noblesse. See Noble.]

1. Dignity; greatness; noble birth or condition. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. B. Jonson.

2. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively, including males and females. Dryden.

Noblewoman

No"ble*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Noblewomen (. A female of noble rank; a peeress.

Nobley

No"bley (?), n. [OF. nobleie.]

1. The body of nobles; the nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Noble birth; nobility; dignity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nobly

No"bly (?), adv.

1. Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.

2. In a noble manner; with greatness of soul; heroically; with magnanimity; as, a deed nobly done.

3. Splendidly; magnificently. Syn. -- Illustriously; honorably; magnanimously; heroically; worthly; eminently; grandly.

Nobody

No"bod*y (?), n.; pl. Nobodies (#). [No, a. + body.]

1. No person; no one; not anybody.

2. Hence: A person of no influence or importance; an insignificant or contemptible person. [Colloq.]

Nocake

No"cake (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Indian nookhik meal. Palfrey.] Indian corn parched, and beaten to powder, -- used for food by the Northern American Indians.

Nocent

No"cent (?), a. [L. nocens, p.pr. of nocere to hurt. See Nuisance, Noxious.]

1. Doing hurt, or having a tendency to hurt; hurtful; mischievous; noxious; as, nocent qualities. I. Watts.

2. Guilty; -- the opposite of innocent. [Obs.] Foxe.

Nocent

No"cent, n. A criminal. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Nocently

No"cent*ly, adv. Hurtfully; injuriosly. [R.]

Nocive

No"cive (?), a. [L. nocivus, fr. nocere to hurt.] Hurtful; injurious. [R.] Hooker.

Nock

Nock (?), n. [See Notch.]

1. A notch.

He took his arrow by the nock. Chapman.

2. (Naut.) The upper fore corner of a boom sail or of a trysail.

Nock

Nock, v. t. To notch; to fit to the string, as an arrow; to string, as a bow. Chapman.

Noctambulation

Noc*tam`bu*la"tion (?), n. [L. nox, noctis, night + ambulare to walk: cf. F. noctambulation.] Somnambulism; walking in sleep. Quain.

Noctambulism

Noc*tam"bu*lism (?), n. Somnambulism.

Noctambulist

Noc*tam"bu*list (?), n. A somnambulist.

Noctambulo

Noc*tam"bu*lo (?), n. A noctambulist. [Obs.]

Noctidial

Noc*tid"i*al (?), a. [L. nox, noctos, night + dies day.] Comprising a night and a day; a noctidial day. [R.] Holder.

Noctiferous

Noc*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. noctifer; nox, noctis + ferre to bring.] Bringing night. [Obs.] Johnson.

Noctilionid

Noc*til"i*o*nid (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bat of the genus Noctilio, having cheek pouches and large incisor teeth.

Noctiluca

Noc`ti*lu"ca (?), n.; pl. Noctiluc\'92 (#). [L. noctiluca something that shines by night, fr. nox, noctis, night + lucere to shine, lux light.]

1. (Old Chem.) That which shines at night; -- a fanciful name for phosphorus.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine flagellate Infusoria, remarkable for their unusually large size and complex structure, as well as for their phosphorescence. The brilliant diffuse phosphorescence of the sea is often due to myriads of Noctiluc\'91.

Noctilucin

Noc*ti*lu"cin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fatlike substance in certain marine animals, to which they owe their phosphorescent properties.

Noctilucine

Noc`ti*lu"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Noctiluca.

Noctilucous

Noc`ti*lu"cous (?), a. Shining in the night.

Noctivagant

Noc*tiv"a*gant (?), a. [L. nox, noctis, night + vagans, p.pr. of vagari to wander about.] (Zo\'94l.) Going about in the night; night-wandering.

Noctivagation

Noc*tiv`a*ga"tion (?), n. A roving or going about in the night. Gayton.

Noctivagous

Noc*tiv"a*gous (?), a. [L. noctivagus; nox, noctis + vagus wandering.] Noctivagant.

Noctograph

Noc"to*graph (?), n. [L. nox, noctis, night + -graph.]

1. A kind of writing frame for the blind.

2. An instrument or register which records the presence of watchmen on their beats. Knight.

Noctuary

Noc"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [L. noctu by night.] A record of what passes in the night; a nightly journal; -- distinguished from diary. [R.] Addison.

Noctuid

Noc"tu*id (?), n. [From L. nox, noctis, night.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous moths of the family Noctuid\'91, or Noctu\'91lit\'91, as the cutworm moths, and armyworm moths; -- so called because they fly at night. -- a. Of or pertaining to the noctuids, or family Noctuid\'91.

Noctule

Noc"tule (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. noctua a night owl, fr. nox, noctis, night.] (Zo\'94l.) A large European bat (Vespertilio, ∨ Noctulina, altivolans).

Nocturn

Noc"turn (?), n. [F. nocturne, fr. L. nocturnus. See Nocturnal, and cf. Nocturne.]

1. An office of devotion, or act of religious service, by night.

2. One of the portions into which the Psalter was divided, each consisting of nine psalms, designed to be used at a night service. Hook.

Nocturnal

Noc*tur"nal (?), a. [L. nocturnalis, nocturnus, fr. nox, noctis, night. See Night, and cf. Nocturn.]

1. Of, pertaining to, done or occuring in, the night; as, nocturnal darkness, cries, expedition, etc.; -- opposed to diurnal. Dryden.

2. Having a habit of seeking food or moving about at night; as, nocturnal birds and insects.

Nocturnal

Noc*tur"nal, n. An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the stars, etc., at sea. I. Watts.

Nocturnally

Noc*tur"nal*ly, adv. By night; nightly.

Nocturne

Noc*turne" (?), n. [F. See Nocturn.] (Mus.) A night piece, or serenade. The name is now used for a certain graceful and expressive form of instrumental composition, as the nocturne for orchestra in Mendelsohn's "Midsummer-Night's Dream" music.

Nocument

Noc"u*ment (?), n. [LL. nocumentum, fr. L. nocere to hurt.] Harm; injury; detriment. [Obs.]

Nocuous

Noc"u*ous (?), a. [L. nocuus, fr. nocere to hurt.] Hurtful; noxious. [R.] -- Noc"u*ous*ly, adv. [R.]

Nod

Nod (?), v. i. [OE. nodden; cf. OHG. kn, genuot, to shake, and E. nudge.]

1. To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; as, nodding plumes.

2. To incline the head with a quick motion; to make a slight bow; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness, with the head; as, to nod at one.

3. To be drowsy or dull; to be careless.

Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope.

Nod

Nod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nodding.]

1. To incline or bend, as the head or top; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with; as, to nod the head.

2. To signify by a nod; as, to nod approbation.

3. To cause to bend. [Poetic]

By every wind that nods the mountain pine. Keats.

Nod

Nod (?), n.

1. A dropping or bending forward of the upper oart or top of anything.

Like a drunken sailor on a mast, Ready with every nod to tumble down. Shak.

2. A quick or slight downward or forward motion of the head, in assent, in familiar salutation, in drowsiness, or in giving a signal, or a command.

A look or a nod only ought to correct them [the children] when they do amiss. Locke.
Nations obey my word and wait my nod. Prior.
The land of Nod, sleep.

Nodal

Nod"al (?), a. Of the nature of, or relating to, a node; as, a nodal point. Nodal line, Nodal point, in a vibrating plate or cord, that line or point which remains at rest while the other parts of the body are in a state of vibration.

Nodated

No"da*ted (?), a. [L. nodatus, p.p. of nodare to make knotty, fr. nodus knot. See Node.] Knotted. Nodated hyperbola (Geom.), a certain curve of the third order having two branches which cross each other, forming a node.

Nodation

No*da"tion (?), n. [L. nodatio knottiness.] Act of making a knot, or state of being knotted. [R.]

Nodder

Nod"der (?), n. One who nods; a drowsy person.

Nodding

Nod"ding (?), a. Curved so that the apex hangs down; having the top bent downward.

Noddle

Nod"dle (?), n. [OE. nodil, nodle; perh. fr. nod, because the head is the nodding part of the body, or perh. akin to E. knot; cf. Prov. E. nod the nape of the neck.]

1. The head; -- used jocosely or contemptuously.<-- now usu. noodle (not in W1913) or noggin -->

Come, master, I have a project in my noddle. L'Estrange.

2. The back part of the head or neck. [Obs.]

For occasion ... turneth a bald noddle, after she hath presented her locks in front, and no hold taken. Bacon.

Noddy

Nod"dy (?), n.; pl. Noddies (#). [Prob. fr. nod to incline the head, either as in assent, or from drowsiness.]

1. A simpleton; a fool. L'Estrange.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any tern of the genus Anous, as A. stolidus. (b) The arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Sometimes also applied to other sea birds.

3. An old game at cards. Halliwell.

4. A small two-wheeled one-horse vehicle.

5. An inverted pendulum consisting of a short vertical flat spring which supports a rod having a bob at the top; -- used for detecting and measuring slight horizontal vibrations of a body to which it is attached.

Node

Node (?), n. [L. nodus; perh. akin to E. knot. Cf. Noose, Nowed.]

1. A knot, a knob; a protuberance; a swelling.

2. Specifically: (a) (Astron.) One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary. (b) (Bot.) The joint of a stem, or the part where a leaf or several leaves are inserted. (c) (Dialing) A hole in the gnomon of a dial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc. (d) (Geom.) The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double point of the curve. See Crunode, and Acnode. (e) (Mech.) The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet from different angular directions; -- called also knot. W. R. Johnson. (f) (poet.) The knot, intrigue, or plot of a piece. (g) (Med.) A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint. Dunglison. (h) (Mus) One of the fixed points of a sonorous string, when it vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic tones; nodal line or point. (i) (Zo\'94l.) A swelling. Ascending node (Astron.), the node at which the body is passing northerly, marked with the symbol &astascending;, called the Dragon's head. Called also northern node. -- Descending node, the node at which the body is moving southwardly, marked thus &astdescending;, called Dragon's tail. -- Line of nodes, a straight line joining the two nodes of an orbit.

Nodical

Nod"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the nodes; from a node to the same node again; as, the nodical revolutions of the moon. Nodical month. See Lunar month, under Month.

Nodosarine

No`do*sa"rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling in form or structure a foraminiferous shell of the genus Nodosaria. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) A foraminifer of the genus Nodosaria or of an allied genus.

Nodose

No*dose" (?), a. [L. nodosus, fr. nodus knot.]

1. Knotty; having numerous or conspicuous nodes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having nodes or prominences; having the alternate joints enlarged, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.

Nodosity

No*dos"i*ty (, n. [L. nodositas.]

1. The quality of being knotty or nodose; resemblance to a node or swelling; knottiness. Holland.

2. A knot; a node.

Nodosous, Nodous

No*do"sous (?), No"dous (?), a. Nodose; knotty; knotted. [Obs.]

Nodular

Nod"u*lar (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. nodulaire.] Of, pertaining to, or in the form of, a nodule or knot.

Nodule

Nod"ule (?), n. [L. nodulus, dim. of nodus knot: cf. F. nodule.] A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.
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Noduled

Nod"uled (?), a. Having little knots or lumps.

Nodulose, Nodulous

Nod"u*lose` (?), Nod"u*lous (?), a. (Biol.) Having small nodes or knots; diminutively nodose.

Noel

No"el (?), n. [F. no\'89l, L. natalis birthday, fr. natalis natal. See Natal.] Same as Nowel.

Noematachograph

No*e`ma*tach"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] An instrument for determining and registering the duration of more or less complex operations of the mind. Dunglison.

Noematic, Noematical

No`e*mat"ic (?), No`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Noetic.] Of or pertaining to the understanding. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Noemics

No*e"mics (?), n. [Gr. Noetic.] The science of the understanding; intellectual science.

Noetian

No*e"tian (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the followers of Noetus, who lived in the third century. He denied the distinct personality of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Noetic, Noetical

No*et"ic (?), No*et"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the intellect; intellectual.
I would employ the word noetic to express all those cognitions which originate in the mind itself. Sir W. Hamilton.

Nof

Nof (?). [Contr. fr. ne of.] Not of; nor of. [Obs.]

Nog

Nog (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. noggin.]

1. A noggin.

2. A kind of strong ale. Halliwell.

Nog

Nog, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. A wooden block, of the size of a brick, built into a wall, as a hold for the nails of woodwork.

2. One of the square logs of wood used in a pile to support the roof of a mine.

3. (Shipbuilding) A treenail to fasten the shores.

Nog

Nog, v. t. [From 2d Nog.]

1. To fill in, as between scantling, with brickwork.

2. (Shipbuilding) To fasten, as shores, with treenails.

Noggen

Nog"gen (?), a. [Prop., made of hemp, fr. Prov. E. nogs hemp.] Made of hemp; hence, hard; rough; harsh. [Obs.] Johnson.

Noggin

Nog"gin (?), n. [Ir. noigin, or Gael. noigean. Cf. lst Nog.]

1. A small mug or cup.

2. A measure equivalent to a gill. [Prov. Eng.]

Nogging

Nog"ging (?), n. [From Nog, v. t.] Rough brick masonry used to fill in the interstices of a wooden frame, in building.

Noght

Noght (?), adv. Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Noiance

Noi"ance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. OE. anoiance.] [Written also noyance.] Annoyance. [Obs.] Tusser.

Noie

Noie (?), v. t. To annoy. See Noy. [Obs.]

Noier

Noi"er (?), n. An annoyer. [Obs.] Tusser.

Noils

Noils (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Waste and knots of wool removed by the comb; combings.

Noint

Noint (?), v. t. To anoint. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

Noious

Noi"ous (?), a. Annoying; troublesome. [Obs.]

Noise

Noise (?), n. [F. noise noisy strife, quarrel, brawl, fr. L. nausea seasickness, sickness, disgust. See Nausea.]

1. Sound of any kind.

The heavens turn about in a most rapid motion without noise to us perceived. Bacon.
&hand; Noise is either a sound of too short a duration to be determined, like the report of a cannon; or else it is a confused mixture of many discordant sounds, like the rolling of thunder or the noise of the waves. Nevertheless, the difference between sound and noise is by no means precise. Ganot.

2. Especially, loud, confused, or senseless sound; clamor; din.

3. Loud or continuous talk; general talk or discussion; rumor; report. "The noise goes." Shak.

What noise have we had about transplantation of diseases and transfusion of blood! T. Baker.
Soerates lived in Athens during the great plague which has made so much noise in all ages. Spectator.

4. Music, in general; a concert; also, a company of musicians; a band. [Obs.] Milton.

The king has his noise of gypsies. B. Jonson.
Syn. -- Cry; outcry; clamor; din; clatter; uproar.

Noise

Noise, v. i. To sound; to make a noise. Milton.

Noise

Noise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noised (?); p pr. & vb. n. Noising.]

1. To spread by rumor or report.

All these sayings were noised abroad. Luke i. 65.

2. To disturb with noise. [Obs.] Dryden.

Noiseful

Noise"ful (?), a. Loud; clamorous. [Obs.] Dryden.

Noiseless

Noise"less, a. Making, or causing, no noise or bustle; without noise; silent; as, the noiseless foot of time.
So noiseless would I live. Dryden.
-- Noise"less*ly, adv. -- Noise"less*ness, n.

Noisette

Noi*sette" (?), n. (Bot.) A hybrid rose produced in 1817, by a French gardener, Noisette, of Charleston, South Carolina, from the China rose and the musk rose. It has given rise to many fine varieties, as the Lamarque, the Marechal (or Marshal) Niel, and the Cloth of gold. Most roses of this class have clustered flowers and are of vigorous growth. P. Henderson.

Noisily

Nois"i*ly (?), adv. In a noisy manner.

Noisiness

Nois"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being noisy.

Noisome

Noi"some (?), a. [For noysome, fr. noy for annoy. See Annoy.]

1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. "Noisome pestilence." Ps. xci. 3.

2. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid. "Foul breath is noisome." Shak. -- Noi"some*ly, adv. -- Noi"some*ness, n. Syn. -- Noxious; unwholesome; insalubrious; mischievous; destructive. -- Noisome, Noxious. These words have to a great extent been interchanged; but there is a tendency to make a distinction between them, applying noxious to things that inflict evil directly; as, a noxious plant, noxious practices, etc., and noisome to things that operate with a remoter influence; as, noisome vapors, a noisome pestilence, etc. Noisome has the additional sense of disqusting. A garden may be free from noxious weeds or animals; but, if recently covered with manure, it may be filled with a noisome smell.

Noisy

Nois"y (?), a. [Compar. Noisier (?); superl. Noisiest.] [From Noise.]

1. Making a noise, esp. a loud sound; clamorous; vociferous; turbulent; boisterous; as, the noisy crowd.

2. Full of noise. "The noisy town." Dryden.

Nolde

Nol"de (?). [Contr. fr. ne wolde.] Would not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nole

Nole (?), n. [See Noll.] The head. [Obs.] Shak.

Noli-me-tangere

No"li-me-tan"ge*re (?), n. [L., touch me not.]

1. (Bot.) (a) Any plant of a genus of herbs (Impatiens) having capsules which, if touched when ripe, discharge their seeds. -- See Impatiens. (b) The squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.

2. (Med.) A name formerly applied to several varieties of ulcerous cutaneous diseases, but now restricted to Lupus exedens, an ulcerative affection of the nose.

Nolition

No*li"tion (?), n. [L. nolle not to will, to be unwilling; ne + velle to will, to be willing.] Adverse action of will; unwillingness; -- opposed to volition.
A nolition and a direct enmity against the lust. Jer. Taylor.

Noll

Noll (?), n. [OE. nol, AS. hnoll top; akin to OHG. hnol top, head.] The head; the noddle. [Obs.]

Nolleity

Nol*le"i*ty (?), n. [L. nolle to be unwilling.] The state of being unwilling; nolition. [R.]

Nolle prosequi

Nol"le pros"e*qui (?). [L., to be unwilling to prosecute.] (Law) Will not prosecute; -- an entry on the record, denoting that a plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the attorney for the public a prosecution; either wholly, or as to some count, or as to some of several defendants.

Nolo contendere

No"lo con*ten"de*re (?). [L., I do not wish to contend.] (Law) A plea, by the defendant, in a criminal prosecution, which, without admitting guilt, subjects him to all the consequences of a plea of quilty.

Nol. pros.

Nol. pros. An abbrev. of Nolle prosequi.

Nol-pros

Nol`-pros" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. -prossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. -prossing.] To discontinue by entering a nolle prosequi; to decline to prosecute.

Nolt

Nolt (?), n. sing. & pl. Neat cattle. [Prov. Eng.]

Nom

Nom (?), n. [F. See Noun.] Name. Nom de guerre (, literally, war name; hence, a fictitious name, or one assumed for a time. -- Nom de plume (, literally, pen name; hence, a name assumed by an author as his or her signature.

Noma

No"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Name.] (Med.) See Canker, n., 1.

Nomad

Nom"ad (?), n. [L. nomas, -adis, Gr. niman to take, and E. nimble: cf. F. nomade. Cf. Astronomy, Economy, Nimble, Nemesis, Numb, Number.] One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of pasture or game.

Nomad

Nom"ad, a. Roving; nomadic.

Nomade

Nom"ade (?), n. [F.] See Nomad, n.

Nomadian

No*ma"di*an (?), n. A nomad. [R.]

Nomadic

No*mad"ic (?), a. [Gr. Nomad.] Of or pertaining to nomads, or their way of life; wandering; moving from place to place for subsistence; as, a nomadic tribe. -- No*mad"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Nomadism

Nom"ad*ism (?), n. The state of being a nomad.

Nomadize

Nom"ad*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nomadized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nomadizing (?).] To lead the life of a nomad; to wander with flocks and herds for the sake of finding pasturage.
The Vogules nomadize chiefly about the Rivers Irtish, Obi, Kama, and Volga. W. Tooke.

Nomancy

No"man*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. nomancie, nomance, abbrev. fr. onomancie. See Onomancy.] The art or practice of divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form their names.

No-man's land

No"-man's` land` (?).

1. (Naut.) A space amidships used to keep blocks, ropes, etc.; a space on a ship belonging to no one in particular to care for.

2. Fig.: An unclaimed space or time.

That no-man's land of twilight. W. Black.

Nomarch

Nom"arch (?), n. [Gr. -arch.] The chief magistrate of a nome or nomarchy.

Nomarchy

Nom"arch*y (?), n.; pl. Nomarchies (. A province or territorial division of a kingdom, under the rule of a nomarch, as in modern Greece; a nome.

Nombles

Nom"bles (?), n. pl. [F. nombles, fr. L. lumbulus, dim. of lumbus a loin. Cf. Numbles, Umbles, Humbles.] The entrails of a deer; the umbles. [Written also numbles.] Johnson.

Nombril

Nom"bril (?), n. [F. nombril, for OF. lombril, i. e., ombril, with the article, a dim. fr. L. umbilicus the navel. See Navel.] (Her.) A point halfway between the fess point and the middle base point of an escutcheon; -- called also navel point. See Escutcheon.

Nome

Nome (?), n. [Gr.

1. A province or political division, as of modern Greece or ancient Egypt; a nomarchy.

2. Any melody determined by inviolable rules. [Obs.]

Nome

Nome, n. [Cf. Binomial.] (Alg.) [Obs.] See Term.

Nome, Nomen

Nome, No"men (?), obs. p. p. of Nim. Chaucer.

Nomenclator

No"men*cla`tor (?), n. [L., fr. nomen name + calare to call. See Name, and Calendar.]

1. One who calls persons or things by their names. &hand; In Rome, candidates for office were attended each by a nomenclator, who informed the candidate of the names of the persons whom they met and whose votes it was desirable to solicit.

2. One who gives names to things, or who settles and adjusts the nomenclature of any art or science; also, a list or vocabulary of technical names.

Nomenclatress

No"men*cla`tress (?), n. A female nomenclator.

Nomenclatural

No`men*cla"tur*al (?), a. Pertaining or according to a nomenclature.

Nomenclature

No"men*cla`ture (?), n. [L. nomenclatura: cf. F. nomenclature. See Nomenclator.]

1. A name. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary. [R.]

3. The technical names used in any particular branch of science or art, or by any school or individual; as, the nomenclature of botany or of chemistry; the nomenclature of Lavoisier and his associates.

Nomial

No"mi*al (?), n. [Cf. Binomial.] (Alg.) A name or term.

Nomic

Nom"ic (?), a. [Gr. Customary; ordinary; -- applied to the usual English spelling, in distinction from strictly phonetic methods. H Sweet. -- n. Nomic spelling. A. J. Ellis.

Nominal

Nom"i*nal (?), a. [L. nominalis, fr. nomen, nominis, name. See Name.]

1. Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal meaning of a word; verbal; as, a nominal definition. Bp. Pearson.

2. Existing in name only; not real; as, a nominal difference. "Nominal attendance on lectures." Macaulay.

Nominal

Nom"i*nal, n.

1. A nominalist. [Obs.] Camden.

2. (Gram.) A verb formed from a noun.

3. A name; an appellation.

A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale. Moore (Encyc. of Music. )

Nominalism

Nom"i*nal*ism (?), n. The principles or philosophy of the Nominalists.

Nominalist

Nom"i*nal*ist, n. (Metaph.) One of a sect of philosophers in the Middle Ages, who adopted the opinion of Roscelin, that general conceptions, or universals, exist in name only. Reid.

Nominalistic

Nom`i*nal*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Nominalists.

Nominalize

Nom"i*nal*ize (?), v. t. To convert into a noun. [Obs.]

Nominally

Nom"i*nal*ly, adv. In a nominal manner; by name; in name only; not in reality. Burke.

Nominate

Nom"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nominated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nominating (?).] [L. nominatus, p. p. of nominare to nominate, fr. nomen name. See Name.]

1. To mention by name; to name. [Obs.]

To nominate them all, it is impossible. Shak.

2. To call; to entitle; to denominate. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To set down in express terms; to state. [Obs.]

Is it so noiminated in the bond? Shak.

4. To name, or designate by name, for an office or place; to appoint; esp., to name as a candidate for an election, choice, or appointment; to propose by name, or offer the name of, as a candidate for an office or place.

Nominately

Nom"i*nate*ly (?), adv. By name; particularly; namely. [Obs.] Spelman.

Nomination

Nom`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. nominatio: cf. F. nomination.]

1. The act of naming or nominating; designation of a person as a candidate for office; the power of nominating; the state of being nominated.

The nomination of persons to places being . . . a flower of his crown, he would reserve to himself. Clarendon.

2. The denomination, or name. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Nominatival

Nom`i*na*ti"val (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the nominative case.

Nominative

Nom"i*na*tive (?), a. [L. nominativus belonging to a name, nominative.] (Gram.) Giving a name; naming; designating; -- said of that case or form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb. -- n. The nominative case.

Nominatively

Nom"i*na*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of a nominative; as a nominative.

Nominator

Nom"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who nominates.

Nominee

Nom`i*nee" (?), n. [See Nominate, and -ee.] A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.

Nominor

Nom"i*nor` (?), n. [See Nominate, and -or.] A nominator. [Obs.] Bentham.

Nomocracy

No*moc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. -cracy, as in democracy.] Government in accordance with a system of law. Milman.

Nomography

No*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. A treatise on laws; an exposition of the form proper for laws.

Nomology

No*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.]

1. The science of law; legislation.

2. The science of the laws of the mind; rational psychology. Sir W. Hamilton.

Nomopelmous

Nom`o*pel"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a separate and simple tendon to flex the first toe, or hallux, as do passerine birds.

Nomothete

Nom"o*thete (?), n. [Gr. nomoth\'8ate.] A lawgiver. [R.]

Nomothetic, Nomothetical

Nom`o*thet"ic (?), Nom`o*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Legislative; enacting laws; as, a nomothetical power. [R.] Bp. Barlow.

Non

Non (?), a. No; not. See No, a. Chaucer.

Non-

Non- (?). [L. non, OL. noenu, noenum, fr. neoenum, lit., not one. See None.] A prefix used in the sense of not; un-; in-; as in nonattention, or non-attention, nonconformity, nonmetallic, nonsuit. &hand; The prefix non- may be joined to the leading word by means of a hyphen, or, in most cases, the hyphen may be dispensed with. The list of words having the prefix non- could easily be lengthened.

Nonability

Non`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.

1. Want of ability.

2. (Law) An exception taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is unable legally to commence a suit.

Nonacceptance

Non`ac*cept"ance (?), n. A neglect or refusal to accept.
Page 980

Nonacid

Non*ac"id (?), a. (Chem.) Destitute of acid properties; hence, basic; metallic; positive; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.

Nonacquaintance

Non`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Want of acquaintance; the state of being unacquainted.

Nonacquiescence

Non*ac`qui*es"cence (?), n. Refusal of acquiescence; failure to yield or comply.

Nonadmission

Non`ad*mis"sion (?), n. Failure to be admitted.

Nonadult

Non`a*dult" (?), a. Not adult; immature.

Nona\'89robiotic

Non*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Capable of living without atmospheric oxygen; ana\'89robiotic.

Nonage

Non"age (?), n. [LL. nonagium, from L. nonus ninth, novem nine.] (Eccl.) The ninth part of movable goods, formerly payable to the clergy on the death of persons in their parishes. Mozley & W.

Nonage

Non"age, n. [Pref. non- + age.] Time of life before a person becomes of age; legal immaturity; minority.
The human mind . . . was still in its nonage. Coleridge.

Nonaged

Non"aged (?), a. Having the quality of nonage; being a minor; immature. W. Browne.

Nonagenarian

Non`a*ge*na"ri*an (?), n. [L. nonagenarius containing, or consisting of, ninety, fr. nonageni ninety each; akin to novem nine.] A person ninety years old.

Nonagesimal

Non`a*ges"i*mal (?), a. [L. nonagesimus the ninetieth. See Nonagenarian.] (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the ninetieth degree or to a nonagesimal.

Nonagesimal

Non`a*ges"i*mal, n. (Astron.) The middle or highest point of the part of the ecliptic which is at any given moment above the horizon. It is the ninetieth degree of the ecliptic, reckoned from the points in which it is intersected by the horizon.

Nonagon

Non"a*gon (?), n. [L. nonus ninth + Gr. (Math.) A figure or polygon having nine sides and nine angles.

Nonagrian

Non*a"gri*an (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the genus Nonagria and allied genera, as the spindleworm and stalk borer.

Nonalienation

Non*al`ien*a"tion (?), n. Failure to alienate; also, the state of not being alienated.

Nonane

Non"ane (?), n. [L. nonus ninth.] (Chem.) One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons C9H20 of the paraffin series; -- so called because of the nine carbon atoms in the molecule. Normal nonane is a colorless volatile liquid, an ingredient of ordinary kerosene.

Nonappearance

Non`ap*pear"ance (?), n. Default of apperance, as in court, to prosecute or defend; failure to appear.

Nonappointment

Non`ap*point"ment (?), n. Neglect of making appointment; failure to receive an appointment.

Nonarrival

Non`ar*riv"al (?), n. Failure to arrive.

Non assumpsit

Non` as*sump"sit (?). [L., he did not undertake.] (Law) The general plea or denial in an action of assumpsit.

Nonattendance

Non`at*tend"ance (?), n. A failure to attend; omission of attendance; nonappearance.

Nonattention

Non`at*ten"tion (?), n. Inattention.

Nonbituminous

Non`bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a. Containing no bitumen; not bituminous.

Nonce

Nonce (?), n. [For the nonce, OE. for the nones, a corruption of for then ones, where n. in then is a relic of AS. m in , dat. of the article and demonstrative pronoun, E. the. See For, Once, and The.] The one or single occasion; the present call or purpose; -- chiefly used in the phrase for the nonce.
The miller was a stout carl for the nones. Chaucer.
And that he calls for drink, I 'll have prepared him A chalice for the nonce. Shak.
Nonce word, "a word apparently employed only for the nonce". Murray (New English Dict. ).

Nonchalance

Non`cha`lance" (?), n. [F. See Nonchalant.] Indifference; carelessness; coolness.

Nonchalant

Non`cha`lant" (?), a. [F., fr. non not (L. non) + chaloir to concern one's self for, fr. L. calere to be warm, to be inflamed with desire, to be troubled. See Non-, and Caldron.] Indifferent; careless; cool.

Nonchalantly

Non"cha*lant`ly (?), adv. In a nonchalant, indifferent, or careless manner; coolly.

Nonclaim

Non"claim` (?), n. A failure to make claim within the time limited by law; omission of claim.

Noncohesion

Non`co*he"sion (?), n. Want of cohesion.

Noncoincidence

Non`co*in"ci*dence, n. Lack of coincidence.

Noncoincident

Non`co*in"ci*dent (?), a. Not coincident.

Noncombatant

Non*com"bat*ant (?), n. (Mil.) Any person connected with an army, or within the lines of an army, who does not make it his business to fight, as any one of the medical officers and their assistants, chaplains, and others; also, any of the citizens of a place occupied by an army; also, any one holding a similar position with respect to the navy.

Noncommissioned

Non`com*mis"sioned (?), a. Not having a commission. Noncommissioned officer (Mil.), a subordinate officer not appointed by a commission from the chief executive or supreme authority of the State; but by the Secretary of War or by the commanding officer of the regiment.

Noncommittal

Non`com*mit"tal (?), n. A state of not being committed or pledged; forbearance or refusal to commit one's self. Also used adjectively.

Noncommunion

Non`com*mun"ion (?), n. Neglect or failure of communion.

Noncompletion

Non`com*ple"tion (?), n. Lack of completion; failure to complete.

Noncompliance

Non`com*pli"ance (?), n. Neglect of compliance; failure to comply.

Noncomplying

Non`com*ply"ing (?), a. Neglecting or refusing to comply.

Non compos. Non compos mentis

Non com"pos (?). Non com"pos men"tis (?).[L.] Not of sound mind; not having the regular use of reason; hence, also, as a noun, an idiot; a lunati

Noncon.

Non"con. (, n. See Noncontent.

Nonconcluding

Non`con*clud"ing (?), a. Not concluding.

Nonconcur

Non`con*cur" (?), v. i. To dissent or refuse to concur.

Nonconcurrence

Non`con*cur"rence (?), n. Refusal to concur.

Noncondensible

Non`con*den"si*ble (?), a. Not condensible; incapable of being liquefied; -- said of gases.

Noncondensing

Non`con*dens"ing, a. (Steam Engine) Not condensing; discharging the steam from the cylinder at a pressure nearly equal to or above that of the atmosphere and not into a condenser.

Nonconducting

Non`con*duct"ing (?), a. Not conducting; not transmitting a fluid or force; thus, in electricity, wax is a nonconducting substance.<-- = nonconductive -->

Nonconduction

Non`con*duc"tion (?), n. The quality of not being able to conduct or transmit; failure to conduct.

Nonconductor

Non`con*duct"or (?), n. (Physics) A substance which does not conduct, that is, convey or transmit, heat, electricity, sound, vibration, or the like, or which transmits them with difficulty; an insulator; as, wool is a nonconductor of heat; glass and dry wood are nonconductors of electricity.

Nonconforming

Non`con*form"ing (?), a. Not conforming; declining conformity; especially, not conforming to the established church of a country.

Nonconformist

Non`con*form"ist, n. One who does not conform to an established church; especially, one who does not conform to the established church of England; a dissenter.

Nonconformity

Non*con*form"i*ty (?), n. Neglect or failure of conformity; especially, in England, the neglect or refusal to unite with the established church in its rites and modes of worship.

Nonconstat

Non`con"stat (?), n. [Law L.] It does not appear; it is not plain or clear; it does not follow.

Noncontagious

Non`con*ta"gious (?), a. Not contagious; not catching; not communicable by contact. -- Non`con*ta"gious*ness, n.

Noncontent

Non`con*tent" (?), n. (British House of Lords) One who gives a negative vote; -- sometimes abridged into noncon. or non con.

Noncontributing, Noncontributory

Non`con*trib"u*ting (?), Non`con*trib"u*to*ry (?), a. Not contributing.

Nonda

Non"da (?), n. (Bot.) The edible plumlike fruit of the Australian tree, Parinarium Nonda.

Nondecane

Non*dec"ane (?), n. [L. nonus ninth + decem ten.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, a white waxy substance, C19H40; -- so called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Nondeciduate

Non`de*cid"u*ate (?), a. (Anat.) Characterized by the absence of a decidua; indeciduate.

Nondelivery

Non`de*liv"er*y (?), n. A neglect or failure of delivery; omission of delivery.

Nondeposition

Non*dep`o*si"tion (?), n. A failure to deposit or throw down.

Nondescript

Non"de*script (?), a. [Pref. non- + L. descriptus described.] Not hitherto described; novel; hence, odd; abnormal; unclassifiable.

Nondescript

Non"de*script, n. A thing not yet described; that of which no account or explanation has been given; something abnormal, or hardly classifiable.

Nondevelopment

Non`de*vel"op*ment (?), n. Failure or lack of development.

Nondiscovery

Non`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. Want or failure of discovery.

Nondo

Non"do (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant (Ligusticum act\'91ifolium) with a large aromatic root. It is found chiefly in the Alleghany region. Also called Angelico.

None

None (?), a. & pron. [OE. none, non, nan, no, na, AS. n\'ben, fr. ne not + \'ben one. No, a. & adv., One, and cf. Non-, Null, a.]

1. No one; not one; not anything; -- frequently used also partitively, or as a plural, not any.

There is none that doeth good; no, not one. Ps. xiv. 3.
Six days ye shall gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the Sabbath, in it there shall be none. Ex. xvi. 26.
Terms of peace yet none Vouchsafed or sought. Milton.
None of their productions are extant. Blair.

2. No; not any; -- used adjectively before a vowel, in old style; as, thou shalt have none assurance of thy life. None of, not at all; not; nothing of; -- used emphatically. "They knew that I was none of the register that entered their admissions in the universities." Fuller. -- None-so-pretty (Bot.), the Saxifraga umbrosa. See London pride (a), under London.

None

None, n. [F.] Same as Nones, 2.

Noneffective

Non`ef*fect"ive (?), a.

1. Not effective.

2. (Mil.) Not fit or available for duty.

Non-ego

Non-e"go (?), n. [L., not I.] (Metaph.) The union of being and relation as distinguished from, and contrasted with, the ego. See Ego.

Nonelastic

Non`e*las"tic (?), a. Not having elasticity.

Nonelect

Non`e*lect" (?), n. sing. & pl. (Theol.) A person or persons not elected, or chosen, to salvation.

Nonelection

Non`e*lec"tion (?), n. Failure of election.

Nonelectric, Nonelectrical

Non`e*lec"tric (?), Non`e*lec"tric*al (?), a. Not electric; conducting electricity.

Nonelectric

Non`e*lec"tric, n. (Physics) A substance that is not an electric; that which transmits electricity, as a metal.

Nonemphatic, Nonemphatical

Non`em*phat"ic (?), Non`em*phat"ic*al (?), a. Having no emphasis; unemphatic.

Nonentity

Non*en"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Nonentities (.

1. Nonexistence; the negation of being.

2. A thing not existing. South.

3. A person or thing of little or no account. [Colloq.]

Non-Episcopal

Non`-E*pis"co*pal (?), a. Not Episcopal; not pertaining to the Episcopal church or system.

Nones

Nones (?), n. pl. [L. nonae, so called because it was the ninth day before the ides, fr. nonus ninth, from novem nine. See Nine, Nones, 2, Noon .]

1. (Roman Cal.) The fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, August, September, November, and December, and the seventh day of March, May, July, and October. The nones were nine days before the ides, reckoning inclusively, according to the Roman method.

2. [F. none, fr. L. See Noon.] The canonical office, being a part of the Breviary, recited at noon (formerly at the ninth hour, 3 P. M.) in the Roman Catholic Church.

3. The hour of dinner; the noonday meal. [Obs.]

At my supper and sometimes at nones. P. Plowman.

Nonessential

Non`es*sen"tial (?), a. Not essential.

Nonessential

Non`es*sen"tial, n. A thing not essential.

Non est factum

Non` est` fac"tum (?). [Law L. it is not (his) deed.] (Law) The plea of the general issue in an action of debt on bond.

Non est inventus

Non` est` in*ven"tus (?). [L., he is not found.] (Law) The return of a sheriff on a writ, when the defendant is not found in his county. Bouvier.

Nonesuch

None"such` (?), n. A person or thing of a sort that there is no other such; something extraordinary; a thing that has not its equal. It is given as a name to various objects, as to a choice variety of apple, a species of medic (Medicago lupulina), a variety of pottery clay, etc.

Nonet, Nonetto

No*net" (?), No*net"to (?), n. [From L. nonus ninth, like E. duet, fr. L. duo.] (Mus.) A composition for nine instruments, rarely for nine voices.

Nonett

Non"ett (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The titmouse. [Obs.]

Nonexecution

Non*ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. Neglect or failure of execution; nonperformance.

Nonexistence

Non`ex*ist"ence (?), n.

1. Absence of existence; the negation of being; nonentity. A. Baxter.

2. A thing that has no existence. Sir T. Browne.

Nonexistent

Non`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Not having existence.

Nonexportation

Non*ex`por*ta"tion (?), n. A failure of exportation; a not exporting of commodities.

Nonextensile

Non`ex*ten"sile (?), a. Not extensile; incapable of being stretched.

Non-feasance

Non-fea"sance (?), n. [Pref. non- + OF. faisance a doing, fr. faire to do.] (Law) An omission or neglect to do something, esp. that which ought to have been done. Cf. Malfeasance.

Nonfulfillment

Non`ful*fill"ment, n. Neglect or failure to fulfill.

Nonillion

No*nil"lion (?), n. [L. nonus ninth + -illion, as in E. million.] According to the French and American notation, a thousand octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

Nonimportation

Non*im`por*ta"tion (?), n. Want or failure of importation; a not importing of commodities.

Nonimporting

Non`im*port"ing (?), a. Not importing; not bringing from foreign countries.

Noninflectional

Non`in*flec"tion*al (?), a. Not admitting of, or characterized by, inflection.

Noninhabitant

Non`in*hab"it*ant (?), n. One who is not an inhabitant; a stranger; a foreigner; a nonresident.

Nonintervention

Non*in`ter*ven"tion (?), n. The state or habit of not intervening or interfering; as, the nonintervention of one state in the affairs of another.

Nonius

No"ni*us (?), n. [Latinized form of Nunez, the name of a Portuguese mathematician.] A vernier.

Nonjoinder

Non*join"der (?), n. (Law) The omission of some person who ought to have been made a plaintiff or defendant in a suit, or of some cause of action which ought to be joined.

Nonjurant

Non*ju"rant (?), a. Nonjuring.

Nonjuring

Non*ju"ring (?), a. [F. jurer to swear, or L. jurare, jurari, to swear, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law, justice. See Jury.] Not swearing allegiance; -- applied to the party in Great Britain that would not swear allegiance to William and Mary, or their successors.

Nonjuror

Non*ju"ror (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) One of those adherents of James II. who refused to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, or to their successors, after the revolution of 1688; a Jacobite.

Nonjurorism

Non*ju"ror*ism (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) The doctrines, or action, of the Nonjurors.

Nonlimitation

Non*lim`i*ta"tion (?), n. Want of limitation; failure to limit.

Non liquet

Non` li"quet (?). [L.] It is not clear; -- a verdict given by a jury when a matter is to be deferred to another day of trial.

Nonmalignant

Non`ma*lig"nant (?), a. Not malignant, as a disease.

Nonmanufacturing

Non*man`u*fac"tur*ing (?), a. Not carrying on manufactures.

Nonmedullated

Non*med"ul*la`ted (?), a. Not medullated; (Anat.) without a medulla or marrow, or without a medullary sheath; as, a nonmedullated nerve fiber.

Nonmember

Non*mem"ber, n. One who is not a member.

Nonmembership

Non*mem"ber*ship, n. State of not being a member.

Nonmetal

Non"met`al (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of the set of elements which, as contrasted with the metals, possess, produce, or receive, acid rather than basic properties; a metalloid; as, oxygen, sulphur, and chlorine are nonmetals.

Nonmetallic

Non`me*tal"lic (?), a.

1. Not metallic.

2. (Chem.) Resembling, or possessing the properties of, a nonmetal or metalloid; as, sulphur is a nonmetallic element.

Nonnatural

Non*nat"u*ral, a. Not natural; unnatural.

Nonne

Nonne (?), n. A nun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nonnecessity

Non`ne*ces"si*ty (?), n. Absence of necessity; the quality or state of being unnecessary.

Nonnitrognous

Non`ni*trog"nous (?), a. Devoid of nitrogen; as, a nonnitrogenous principle; a nonnitrogenous food. See the Note under Food, n., 1.

Nonnucleated

Non*nu"cle*a`ted (?), a. Without a nucleus.<-- = anucleate -->

Nonny

Non"ny (?), n. A silly fellow; a ninny.

Nonobedience

Non`o*be"di*ence (?), n. Neglect of obedience; failure to obey.

Nonobservance

Non`ob*serv"ance (?), n. Neglect or failure to observe or fulfill.
Page 981

Non obstante

Non` ob*stan"te (?). [L.]

1. Notwithstanding; in opposition to, or in spite of, what has been stated, or is to be stated or admitted.

2. (Law) A clause in old English statutes and letters patent, importing a license from the crown to do a thing notwithstanding any statute to the contrary. This dispensing power was abolished by the Bill of Rights.

In this very reign [Henry III.] the practice of dispensing with statutes by a non obstante was introduced. Hallam.
Non obstante veredicto [LL.] (Law), a judgment sometimes entered by order of the court, for the plaintiff, notwithstanding a verdict for the defendant. Stephen.

Nonoic

No*no"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, nonane; as, nonoic acid, which is also called pelargonic acid. Cf. Pelargonic.

Nonone

Non"one (?), n. [Nonane + -one, suffix denoting the third degree of unsaturation.] (Chem.) Any one of several metameric unsaturated hydrocarbons (C9H14) of the valylene series.

Nonoxygenous

Non`ox*yg"e*nous (?), a. (Chem.) Without oxygen; characterized by the absence of oxygen; as, a nonoxygenous alkaloid.

Nonpareil

Non`pa*reil" (?), n. [See Nonpareil, a. ]

1. Something of unequaled excellence; a peerless thing or person; a nonesuch; -- often used as a name.

2. [F. nonpareille.] (Print.) A size of type next smaller than minion and next larger than agate (or ruby). &hand; This line is printed in the type called nonpareil.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beautifully colored finch (Passerina ciris), native of the Southern United States. The male has the head and neck deep blue, rump and under parts bright red, back and wings golden green, and the tail bluish purple. Called also painted finch. (b) Any other similar bird of the same genus.

Nonpareil

Non`pa*reil", a. [F., from non not + pareil equal, fr. LL. pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Non, and Pair, Peer.] Having no equal; peerless.

Nonpayment

Non*pay"ment, n. Neglect or failure to pay.

Nonperformance

Non`per*form"ance, n. Neglect or failure to perform.

Nonphotobiotic

Non*pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Capable of living without light; as, nonphotobiotic plant cells, or cells which habitually live in darkness.

Nonplane

Non`plane" (?), a. (Math.) Not lying in one plane; -- said of certain curves.

Nonplus

Non"plus (?), n. [L. non not + plus more, further. See Plural.] A state or condition which daffles reason or confounds judgment; insuperable difficalty; inability to proceed or decide; puzzle; quandary.
Both of them are a perfect nonplus and baffle to all human understanding. South.

Nonplus

Non"plus` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonplused (?) or Nonplussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nonplusing or Nonplussing.] To puzzle; to confound; to perplex; to cause to stop by embarrassment.
He has been nonplused by Mr. Dry's desiring him to tell what it was that he endeavored to prove. Spectator.

Nonpreparation

Non*prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. Neglect or failure to prepare; want of preparation.

Nonpresentation

Non*pres`en*ta"tion (?), n. Neglect or failure to present; state of not being presented.

Nonproduction

Non`pro*duc"tion, n. A failure to produce or exhibit.

Nonprofessional

Non`pro*fes"sion*al (?), a. Not belonging to a profession; not done by, or proceeding from, professional men; contrary to professional usage.

Nonproficiency

Non`pro*fi"cien*cy (?), n. Want of proficiency; failure to make progress.

Nonproficient

Non`pro*fi"cient (?), n. One who has failed to become proficient.

Non pros.

Non" pros.` (. An abbreviation of Non prosequitur.

Non-pros

Non`-pros" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonprossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Non-prossing (?).] To decline or fail to prosecute; to allow to be dropped (said of a suit); to enter judgment against (a plaintiff who fails to prosecute); as, the plaintiff was non-prossed.

Non prosequitur

Non" pro*seq"ui*tur (?). [L. he does not prosecute.] (Law) A judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he does not appear to prosecute. See Nolle prosequi.

Nonrecurrent

Non`re*cur"rent (?), a. Not recurring.

Nonrecurring

Non`re*cur"ring (?), a. Nonrecurrent.

Nonregardance

Non`re*gard"ance (?), n. Want of due regard; disregard; slight. [Obs.] Shak.

Nonregent

Non`re"gent (?), n. (Eng. Universities) A master of arts whose regency has ceased. See Regent.

Nonrendition

Non`ren*di"tion (?), n. Neglect of rendition; the not rendering what is due.
The nonrendition of a service which is due. S. E. Dwight.

Nonresemblance

Non`re*sem"blance (?), n. Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity.

Nonresidence

Non*res"i*dence (?), n. The state or condition of being nonresident, Swift.

Nonresident

Non*res"i*dent (?), a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place; as, a nonresident clergyman or proprietor of lands.

Nonresident

Non*res"i*dent, n. A nonresident person; one who does not reside in the State or jurisdiction.

Nonresistance

Non`re*sist"ance (?), n. The principles or practice of a nonresistant; passive obedience; submission to authority, power, oppression, or violence without opposition.

Nonresistant

Non`re*sist"ant (?), a. Making no resistance.

Nonresistant

Non`re*sist"ant, n. One who maintains that no resistance should be made to constituted authority, even when unjustly or oppressively exercised; one who advocates or practices absolute submission; also, one who holds that violence should never be resisted by force.

Nonresisting

Non`re*sist"ing, a. Not making resistance.

Nonruminant

Non*ru"mi*nant (?), a. Not ruminating; as, a nonruminant animal.

Nonsane

Non`sane" (?), a. Unsound; not perfect; as, a person of nonsane memory. Blackstone.

Nonsense

Non"sense (?), n. [Pref. non- + sense: cf. F. nonsens.]

1. That which is not sense, or has no sense; words, or language, which have no meaning, or which convey no intelligible ideas; absurdity.

2. Trifles; things of no importance. Nonsense verses, lines made by taking any words which occur, but especially certain words which it is desired to recollect, and arranging them without reference to anything but the measure, so that the rhythm of the lines may aid in recalling the remembrance of the words. Syn. -- Folly; silliness; absurdity; trash; balderdash.

Nonsensical

Non*sen"si*cal (?), a. Without sense; unmeaning; absurb; foolish; irrational; preposterous. -- Non*sen"si*cal*ly, adv. -- Non*sen"si*cal*ness, n.

Nonsensitive

Non*sen"si*tive (?), a. Not sensitive; wanting sense or perception; not easily affected.

Non sequitur

Non seq"ui*tur (?). [L., it does not follow.] (Logic) An inference which does not follow from the premises.

Nonsexual

Non*sex"u*al (?), a. Having no distinction of sex; sexless; neuter.

Nonslaveholding

Non*slave"hold`ing (?), a. Not possessing or holding slaves; as, a nonslaveholding State.

Nonsolution

Non`so*lu"tion (?), n. Failure of solution or explanation.

Nonsolvency

Non*sol"ven*cy (?), n. Inability to pay debts; insolvency.

Nonsolvent

Non*sol"vent (?), a. Not solvent; insolvent.

Nonsolvent

Non*sol"vent, n. An insolvent.

Nonsonant

Non*so"nant (?), a. Not sonant. -- n. A nonsonant or nonvocal consonant.

Nonsparing

Non*spar"ing (?), a. Sparing none.

Nonstriated

Non*stri"a*ted (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Without striations; unstriped; as, nonstriated muscle fibers.

Nonsubmission

Non`sub*mis"sion (?), n. Want of submission; failure or refusal to submit.

Nonsubmissive

Non`sub*mis"sive (?), a. Not submissive.

Nonsuch

Non"such (?), n. See Nonesuch.

Nonsuit

Non"suit` (?), n. (Law) A neglect or failure by the plaintiff to follow up his suit; a stopping of the suit; a renunciation or withdrawal of the cause by the plaintiff, either because he is satisfied that he can not support it, or upon the judge's expressing his opinion. A compulsory nonsuit is a nonsuit ordered by the court on the ground that the plaintiff on his own showing has not made out his case.

Nonsuit

Non"suit`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonsuited; p. pr. & vb. n. Nonsuiting.] (Law) To determine, adjudge, or record (a plaintiff) as having dropped his suit, upon his withdrawal or failure to follow it up. "When two are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuited." Z. Swift.

Nonsuit

Non"suit`, a. Nonsuited. D. A. Tyng.

Nonsurety

Non*sure"ty (?), n. Insecurity. [Obs.]

Nontenure

Non*ten"ure (?), n. (Law) A plea of a defendant that he did not hold the land, as affirmed.

Nonterm

Non"term` (?), n. (Law) A vacation between two terms of a court.

Nontoxic

Non*tox"ic (?), a. Not toxic.

Nontronite

Non"tro*nite (?), n. [So called because found in the arrondissement of Notron, France.] (Min.) A greenish yellow or green mineral, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron.

Nonuniformist

Non*u"ni*form`ist (?), n. One who believes that past changes in the structure of the earth have proceeded from cataclysms or causes more violent than are now operating; -- called also nonuniformitarian.

Nonunionist

Non*un"ion*ist (?), n. One who does not belong, or refuses to belong, to a trades union.

Nonusance

Non*us"ance (?), n. Neglect of using; failure to use. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Nonuser

Non*us"er (?),

1. A not using; failure to use.

An office may be forfeited by misuser or nonuser. Blackstone.

2. (Law) Neglect or omission to use an easement or franchise or to assert a right. Kent.

Nonvascular

Non*vas"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Destitute of vessels; extravascular.

Nonvernacular

Non`ver*nac"u*lar (?), a. Not vernacular.
A nonvernacular expression. Sir W. Hamilton.

Nonvocal

Non*vo"cal (?), a. Not vocal; destitute of tone. -- n. A nonvocal consonant.

Nonyl

Non"yl (?), n. [Nonane + -yl.] (Chem.) The hydrocarbon radical, C9H19, derived from nonane and forming many compounds. Used also adjectively; as, nonyl alcohol.

Nonylene

Non"y*lene (?), n. [Nonane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of metameric, unsaturated hydrocarbons C9H18 of the ethylene series.

Nonylenic

Non`y*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, related to, or designating, nonylene or its compounds; as, nonylenic acid.

Nonylic

No*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, nonyl or its compounds; as, nonylic acid.

Noodle

Noo"dle (?), n. [Cf. Noddle, Noddy.] A simpleton; a blockhead; a stupid person; a ninny. [Low]
The chuckling grin of noodles. Sydney Smith.

Noodle

Noo"dle, n. [G. nudel vermicelli.] A thin strip of dough, made with eggs, rolled up, cut into small pieces, and used in soup.

Nook

Nook (?), n. [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.] A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat.
How couldst thou find this dark, sequestered nook? Milton.

Nook-shotten

Nook"-shot`ten (?), a. Full of nooks, angles, or corners. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
That nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak.

No\'94logical

No`\'94*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to no\'94logy.

No\'94logist

No*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. One versed in no\'94logy.

No\'94logy

No*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of intellectual phenomena.

Noon

Noon (?), a. No. See the Note under No. [Obs.]

Noon

Noon (?), n. [AS. n, orig., the ninth hour, fr. L.nona (sc. hora) the ninth hour, then applied to the church services (called nones) at that hour, the time of which was afterwards changed to noon. See Nine, and cf. Nones, Nunchion.]

1. The middle of the day; midday; the time when the sun is in the meridian; twelve o'clock in the daytime.

2. Hence, the highest point; culmination.

In the very noon of that brilliant life which was destined to be so soon, and so fatally, overshadowed. Motley.
High noon, the exact meridian; midday. -- Noon of night, midnight. [Poetic] Dryden.

Noon

Noon (?), a. Belonging to midday; occurring at midday; meridional. Young.

Noon

Noon, v. i. To take rest and refreshment at noon.

Noonday

Noon"day` (?), n. Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.

Noonday

Noon"day` (?), a. Of or pertaining to midday; meridional; as, the noonday heat. "Noonday walks." Addison.

Noon-flower

Noon"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The goat's beard, whose flowers close at midday.

Nooning

Noon"ing, n. A rest at noon; a repast at noon.

Noonshun

Noon"shun (?), n. [Obs.] See Nunchion. Nares.

Noonstead

Noon"stead (?), n. The position of the sun at noon. [Obs.] Drayton.

Noontide

Noon"tide` (?), n. [From noon + tide time; cf. AS. n the ninth hour.] The time of noon; midday.

Noose

Noose (?), n. [Prob. fr. OF. nous, nom. sing. or acc. pl. of nou knot, F. n, L. nodus. Cf. Node.] A running knot, or loop, which binds the closer the more it is drawn.

Noose

Noose (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Noosing.] To tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to insnare.

Noot

Noot (?). See lst Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nopal

No"pal (?), n. [Mexican nopalli.] (Bot.) A cactaceous plant (Nopalea cochinellifera), originally Mexican, on which the cochineal insect feeds, and from which it is collected. The name is sometimes given to other species of Cactace\'91.

Nopalry

No"pal*ry (?), n.; pl. Nopalries (. A plantation of the nopal for raising the cochineal insect.

Nope

Nope (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

Nor

Nor (?), conj. [OE. nor, contr. from nother. See Neither.] A negative connective or particle, introducing the second member or clause of a negative proposition, following neither, or not, in the first member or clause (as or in affirmative propositions follows either). Nor is also used sometimes in the first member for neither, and sometimes the neither is omitted and implied by the use of nor.
Provide neither gold nor silver, nor brass, in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9, 10.
Where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt. Matt. vi. 20.
I love him not, nor fear him. Shak.
Where neither party is nor true, nor kind. Shak.
Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there. Dryden.

Norbertine

Nor"bert*ine (?), n. See Premonstrant. <-- nori. (Jap.) a dried seaweed used as a seasoning or as a wrapper for sushi -->

Noria

No"ri*a (?), n. [Sp., from Ar. n\'be'.] A large water wheel, turned by the action of a stream against its floats, and carrying at its circumference buckets, by which water is raised and discharged into a trough; used in Arabia, China, and elsewhere for irrigating land; a Persian wheel.

Norian

No"ri*an (?), a. [From norite.] (Geol.) Pertaining to the upper portion of the Laurentian rocks. T. S. Hunt.

Norice

Nor"ice (?), n. Nurse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Norie

No"rie (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The cormorant. [Prov. Eng.]

Norimon

Nor"i*mon (?), n.; pl. Norimons (. A Japanese covered litter, carried by men. B. Taylor.

Norite

No"rite (?), n. [F., fr. Norv\'8age Norway .] (Min.) A granular crystalline rock consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar (as labradorite) and hypersthene.

Norium

No"ri*um (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) A supposed metal alleged to have been discovered in zircon.

Norm

Norm (?), n. [L. norma a rule. See Normal, a.]

1. A rule or authoritative standard; a model; a type.

2. (Biol.) A typical, structural unit; a type. Agassiz.

Norma

Nor"ma (?), n. [L.]

1. A norm; a principle or rule; a model; a standard. J. S. Mill.

2. A mason's or a carpenter's square or rule.

3. A templet or gauge.

Normal

Nor"mal (?), a. [L. normalis, fr. norma rule, pattern, carpenter's square; prob. akin to noscere to know; cf. Gr. normal. See Known, and cf. Abnormal, Enormous.]

1. According to an established norm, rule, or principle; conformed to a type, standard, or regular form; performing the proper functions; not abnormal; regular; natural; analogical.

Deviations from the normal type. Hallam.

2. (Geom.) According to a square or rule; perpendicular; forming a right angle. Specifically: Of or pertaining to a normal.

3. (Chem.) Standard; original; exact; typical. Specifically: (a) (Quantitative Analysis) Denoting a solution of such strength that every cubic centimeter contains the same number of milligrams of the element in question as the number of its molecular weight. (b) (Chem.) Denoting certain hypothetical compounds, as acids from which the real acids are obtained by dehydration; thus, normal sulphuric acid and normal nitric acid are respectively S(OH)6, and N(OH)5. (c) (Organ. Chem.) Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in which no carbon atom is united with more than two other carbon atoms; as, normal pentane, hexane, etc. Cf. Iso-. Normal equations (Method of Least Squares), a set of equations of the first degree equal in number to the number of unknown quantities, and derived from the observations by a specified process. The solution of the normal equations gives the most probable values of the unknown quantities. -- Normal group (Geol.), a group of rocks taken as a standard. Lyell. -- Normal place (of a planet or comet) (Astron.), the apparent place in the heavens of a planet or comet at a specified time, the place having been determined by a considerable number of observations, extending perhaps over many days, and so combined that the accidental errors of observation have largely balanced each other. -- Normal school, a school whose methods of instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; an institution for the training of teachers.

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Syn. -- Normal, Regular, Ordinary. Regular and ordinary are popular terms of well-known signification; normal has now a more specific sense, arising out of its use in science. A thing is normal, or in its normal state, when strictly conformed to those principles of its constitution which mark its species or to the standard of a healthy and natural condition. It is abnormal when it departs from those principles.

Normal

Nor"mal (?), n. [Cf. F. normale, ligne normale. See Normal, a.]

1. (Geom.) Any perpendicular.

2. (Geom.) A straight line or plane drawn from any point of a curve or surface so as to be perpendicular to the curve or surface at that point. &hand; The term normal is also used to denote the distance along the normal line from the curve to the axis of abscissas or to the center of curvature.

Normalcy

Nor"mal*cy (?), n. The quality, state, or fact of being normal; as, the point of normalcy. [R.]

Normalization

Nor`mal*i*za"tion (?), n. Reduction to a standard or normal state.

Normally

Nor"mal*ly, adv. In a normal manner. Darwin.

Norman

Nor"man (?), n. [F. normand.] (Naut.) A wooden bar, or iron pin. W. C. Russell.

Norman

Nor"man, a. [F. normand, of Scand. origin. See Northman, and cf. Norse.] Of or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman language; the Norman conquest. Norman style (Arch.), a style of architecture which arose in the tenth century, characterized by great massiveness, simplicity, and strength, with the use of the semicircular arch, heavy round columns, and a great variety of ornaments, among which the zigzag and spiral or cable-formed ornaments were prominent.

Norman

Nor"man, n. A native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror.

Normanism

Nor"man*ism (?), n. A Norman idiom; a custom or expression peculiar to the Normans. M. Arnold.

Norn, Norna

Norn (?), Nor"na (?), n. [Icel. norn, pl. nornir.]

1. (Scandinavian Myth.) One of the three Fates, Past, Present, and Future. Their names were Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld.

2. A tutelary deity; a genius.

Noropianic

No*ro`pi*an"ic (?), a. [Etymology uncertain.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the aromatic series obtained from opianic acid.

Norroy

Nor"roy (?), n. [Lit., north king, fr. F. nord north + roi king.] (Her.) The most northern of the English Kings-at-arms. See King-at-arms, under King.

Norse

Norse (?), a. [Dan. Norsk, fr. nord north. See North.] Of or pertaining to ancient Scandinavia, or to the language spoken by its inhabitants.

Norse

Norse, n. The Norse language.

Norseman

Norse"man (?), n.; pl. Norsemen (. One of the ancient Scandinavians; a Northman.

Nortelry

Nor"tel*ry (?), n. [Cf. Nurture.] Nurture; education; culture; bringing up. [Obs.]
Nortelry . . . learned at the nunnery. Chaucer.

North

North (?), n. [AS. nor&edh;; akin to D. noord, G., Sw., & Dan. nord, Icel. nor&edh;r. Cf. Norman, Norse.]

1. That one of the four cardinal points of the compass, at any place, which lies in the direction of the true meridian, and to the left hand of a person facing the east; the direction opposite to the south.

2. Any country or region situated farther to the north than another; the northern section of a country.

3. Specifically: That part of the United States lying north of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.

North

North, a. Lying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the north, or coming from the north. North following. See Following, a., 2. -- North pole, that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety degrees from the equator toward the north. -- North preceding. See Following, a., 2. -- North star, the star toward which the north pole of the earth very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable in the sky. The star α (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present north star, being distant from the pole about 1° 25\'b7, and from year to year approaching slowly nearer to it. It is called also Cynosura, polestar, and by astronomers, Polaris.

North

North, v. i. To turn or move toward the north; to veer from the east or west toward the north.

North

North, adv. Northward.

Northeast

North`east" (?), n. The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from each; the northeast part or region.

Northeast

North`east", a. Of or pertaining to the northeast; proceeding toward the northeast, or coming from that point; as, a northeast course; a northeast wind. Northeast passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of Asia.

Northeast

North`east", adv. Toward the northeast.

Northeaster

North`east"er (?), n. A storm, strong wind, or gale, coming from the northeast.

Northeasterly

North`east"er*ly, a. Pertaining to the northeast; toward the northeast, or coming from the northeast.

Northeasterly

North`east"er*ly, adv. Toward the northeast.

Northeastern

North`east"ern (?), a. Of or pertaining to the northeast; northeasterly.

Northeastward, Northeastwardly

North`east"ward (?), North`east"ward*ly (?), adv. Toward the northeast.

Norther

North"er (?), n. A wind from the north; esp., a strong and cold north wind in Texas and the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico.

Northerliness

North"er*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being northerly; direction toward the north.

Northerly

North"er*ly, a. Of or pertaining to the north; toward the north, or from the north; northern.

Northerly

North"er*ly, adv. Toward the north.

Northern

North"ern (?), a. [AS. nor&edh;erne.]

1. Of or pertaining to the north; being in the north, or nearer to that point than to the east or west.

2. In a direction toward the north; as, to steer a northern course; coming from the north; as, a northern wind. Northern diver. (Zo\'94l.) See Loon. -- Northern lights. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora. -- Northern spy (Bot.), an excellent American apple, of a yellowish color, marked with red.

Northerner

North"ern*er (?), n.

1. One born or living in the north.

2. A native or inhabitant of the Northern States; -- contradistinguished from Southerner. [U. S.]

Northernly

North"ern*ly, adv. Northerly. [Obs.] Hakewill.

Northernmost

North"ern*most` (?), a. [Cf. Northmost.] Farthest north.

Northing

North"ing, n.

1. (Surv. & Navigation) Distance northward from any point of departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; -- opposed to southing.

2. (Astron.) The distance of any heavenly body from the equator northward; north declination.

Northman

North"man (?), n.; pl. Northmen (#). [AS. nor&edh;man. See North, and Man, and cf. Norman.] One of the inhabitants of the north of Europe; esp., one of the ancient Scandinavians; a Norseman.

Northmost

North"most` (?), a. [AS. nor. Cf.Aftermost.] Lying farthest north; northernmost.
Northmost part of the coast of Mozambique. De Foe.

Northness

North"ness, n. A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point to the north. Faraday.

Northumbrian

North*um"bri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Northumberland in England. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Northumberland.

Northward

North"ward (?), a. [AS. nor&edh;weard.] Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point.

Northward, Northwards

North"ward (?), North"wards (?), adv. Toward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to the east or west point.

Northwardly

North"ward*ly, a. Having a northern direction.

Northwardly

North"ward*ly, adv. In a northern direction.

Northwest

North`west" (?), n. [AS. nor&edh;west.] The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each; the northwest part or region.

Northwest

North`west", a.

1. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the point between the north and west; being in the northwest; toward the northwest, or coming from the northwest; as, the northwest coast.

2. Coming from the northwest; as, a northwest wind. Northwest passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of America, long sought for by navigators.

Northwest

North`west", adv. Toward the northwest.

Northwester

North`west"er (?), n. A storm or gale from the northwest; a strong northwest wind.

Northwesterly

North`west"er*ly, a. Toward the northwest, or from the northwest.

Northwestern

North`west"ern (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or being in, the northwest; in a direction toward the northwest; coming from the northwest; northwesterly; as, a northwestern course.

Northwestward, Northwestwardly

North`west"ward (?), North`west"ward*ly (?), adv. Toward the northwest.

Norwegian

Nor*we"gi*an (?), a. [Cf. Icel. Noregr, Norvegr, Norway. See North, and Way.] Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language.

Norwegian

Nor*we"gi*an, n.

1. A native of Norway.

2. That branch of the Scandinavian language spoken in Norway.

Norwegium

Nor*we"gi*um (?), n. [NL. See Norwegian.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of doubtful identification, said to occur in the copper-nickel of Norway.

Norweyan

Nor*we"yan (?), a. Norwegian. [Obs.] Shak.

Nose

Nose (?), n. [AS. nosu; akin to D. neus, G. nase, OHG. nasa, Icel. n\'94s, Sw. n\'84sa, Dan. n\'84se, Lith. nosis, Russ. nos', L. nasus, nares, Skr. n\'bes\'be, n\'bes. Nasal, Nasturtium, Naze, Nostril, Nozzle.]

1. (Anat.) The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory organ. See Nostril, and Olfactory organ under Olfactory.

2. The power of smelling; hence, scent.

We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master. Collier.

3. A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a nozzle; a spout; as, the nose of a bellows; the nose of a teakettle. Nose bit (Carp.), a bit similar to a gouge bit, but having a cutting edge on one side of its boring end. -- Nose hammer (Mach.), a frontal hammer. -- Nose hole (Glass Making), a small opening in a furnace, before which a globe of crown glass is held and kept soft at the beginning of the flattening process. -- Nose key (Carp.), a fox wedge. -- Nose leaf (Zo\'94l.), a thin, broad, membranous fold of skin on the nose of many species of bats. It varies greatly in size and form. -- Nose of wax, fig., a person who is pliant and easily influenced. "A nose of wax to be turned every way." Massinger -- Nose piece, the nozzle of a pipe, hose, bellows, etc.; the end piece of a microscope body, to which an objective is attached. -- To hold, put, ∨ bring one's nose to the grindstone. See under Grindstone. -- To lead by the nose, to lead at pleasure, or to cause to follow submissively; to lead blindly, as a person leads a beast. Shak. -- To put one's nose out of joint, to humiliate one's pride, esp. by supplanting one in the affections of another. [Slang] -- To thrust one's nose into, to meddle officiously in. -- To wipe one's nose of, to deprive of; to rob. [Slang]<-- on the nose, (a) exactly, accurately; (b) (racing) to win, opposed to "to place" or "to show" -->

Nose

Nose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nosing.]

1. To smell; to scent; hence, to track, or trace out.

2. To touch with the nose; to push the nose into or against; hence, to interfere with; to treat insolently.

Lambs . . . nosing the mother's udder. Tennyson.
A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . nosed Parliament in the very seat of its authority. Burke.

3. To utter in a nasal manner; to pronounce with a nasal twang; as, to nose a prayer. [R.] Cowley. <-- nose around, to look around, search -->

Nose

Nose (n&omac;z), v. i.

1. To smell; to sniff; to scent. Audubon.

2. To pry officiously into what does not concern one.

Nosebag

Nose"bag` (?), n. A bag in which feed for a horse, ox, or the like, may be fastened under the nose by a string passing over the head.

Noseband

Nose"band` (?), n. That part of the headstall of a bridle which passes over a horse's nose.

Nosebleed

Nose"bleed` (?), n.

1. A bleeding at the nose.

2. (Bot.) The yarrow. See Yarrow.

Nosed

Nosed (?), a. Having a nose, or such a nose; -- chieflay used in composition; as, pug-nosed.

Nosegay

Nose"gay` (?), n. [Nose + gay in the sense of a gay or showy thing.] A bunch of odorous and showy flowers; a bouquet; a posy. Pope.

Nosel

Nos"el (?), v. t. [See Noursle.] To nurse; to lead or teach; to foster; to nuzzle. [Obs.]
If any man use the Scripture . . . to nosel thee in anything save in Christ, he is a false prophet. Tyndale.

Noseless

Nose"less (?), a. Destitute of a nose.

Nosesmart

Nose"smart` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of cress, a pungent cruciferous plant, including several species of the genus Nasturtium.

Nosethirl, Nosethril

Nose"thirl (?), Nose"thril (?), n. Nostril. [Obs.] [Written also nosethurl, nosthrill.] Chaucer.

Nosing

Nos"ing (?), n. (Arch.) That part of the treadboard of a stair which projects over the riser; hence, any like projection, as the projecting edge of a molding.

Nosle

No"sle (?), n. [See Nozzle, Nose.] Nozzle. [Obs.]

Nosocomial

Nos`o*co"mi*al (?), a. [L. nosocomium a hospital, Gr. Of or pertaining to a hospital; as, nosocomial atmosphere. Dunglison.

Nosography

No*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. nosographie.] A description or classification of diseases.

Nosological

Nos`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. nosologique.] Of or pertaining to nosology.

Nosologist

No*sol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. nosologiste.] One versed in nosology.

Nosology

No*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. nosologie.]

1. A systematic arrangement, or classification, of diseases.

2. That branch of medical science which treats of diseases, or of the classification of diseases.

Nosopoetic

Nos`o*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. Producing diseases. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Nost

Nost (?). [Contr. from ne wost.] Wottest not; knowest not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nostalgia

Nos*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Homesickness; esp., a severe and sometimes fatal form of melancholia, due to homesickness.

Nostalgic

Nos*tal"gic (?), a. [Cf. F. nostalgique.] Of or pertaining to nostalgia; affected with nostalgia.

Nostalgy

Nos*tal"gy (?), n. Same as Nostalgia.

Nostoc

Nos"toc (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) A genus of alg\'91. The plants are composed of moniliform cells imbedded in a gelatinous substance. &hand; Nostoc commune is found on the ground, and is ordinarily not seen; but after a rain it swells up into a conspicuous jellylike mass, whish was formerly supposed to have fallen from the sky, whence the popular names, fallen star and star jelly. Also called witches' butter.

Nostril

Nos"tril (?), n. [OE. nosethril, nosethirl, AS. nospyrl; nos for nosu nose + pyrel opening, hole, from pyrel pierced, for pyrhel, fr. purh through. Nose, and Through, and cf. Thrill.]

1. (Anat.) One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the anterior nares. &hand; In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a spiracle.

2. Perception; insight; acuteness. [Obs.]

Methinks a man Of your sagacity and clear nostril should Have made another choice. B. Jonson.

Nostrum

Nos"trum (?) n.; pl. Nostrums (#). [Neut. sing. of L. noster ours, fr. nos we. See Us.]

1. A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor; a quack medicine.

2. Any scheme or device proposed by a quack.

The incentives of agitators, the arts of impostors and the nostrums of quacks. Brougham.
<-- 3. any scheme asserted to solve a problem, but with no objective basis for belief in its effectiveness; esp., in politics, a scheme likely to prove popular with voters. -->

Not

Not (?). [Contr. from ne wot. See 2d Note.] Wot not; know not; knows not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Not

Not, a. Shorn; shaven. [Obs.] See Nott.

Not

Not, adv. [OE. not, noht, nought, naught, the same word as E. naught. See Naught.] A word used to express negation, prohibition, denial, or refusal.
Not one word spake he more than was need. Chaucer.
Thou shalt not steal. Ex. xx. 15.
Thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. Job vii. 8.
The question is, may I do it, or may I not do it? Bp. Sanderson.
Not . . . but, ∨ Not but, only. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer.

Notabilia

No`ta*bil"i*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. notabilis notable.] Things worthy of notice.

Notability

Not`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Notabilities (#). [Cf. F. notabilit\'82 .]

1. Quality of being notable.

2. A notable, or remarkable, person or thing; a person of note. "Parisian notabilities" Carlyle.

3. A notable saying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Notable

Not"a*ble (?), a. [F. notable, L. notabilis, fr. notare to mark, nota mark, note. See 5th Note.]

1. Capable of being noted; noticeable; plan; evident.

Page 983

2. Worthy of notice; remarkable; memorable; noted or distinguished; as, a notable event, person. &hand; Notable in the sense of careful, thrifty, characterized by thrift and capacity (as, a notable housekeeper) is pronounced by many good ortho\'89pists, n&ocr;t"&adot;*b'l, the derivatives notableness, and notably, being also similarly pronounced with short o in the first syllable.

3. Well-known; notorious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Notable

Not"a*ble (?), n.

1. A person, or thing, of distinction.

2. (French Hist.) One of a number of persons, before the revolution of 1789, chiefly of the higher orders, appointed by the king to constitute a representative body.

Notableness

Not"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being notable.

Notably

Not"a*bly, adv. In a notable manner.

Not\'91um

No*t\'91"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The back or upper surface, as of a bird.

Notal

No"tal (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the back; dorsal.

Notandum

No*tan"dum (?), n.; pl. Notanda (#). [L., fr. notare to observe.] A thing to be noted or observed; a notable fact; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Notarial

No*ta"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. notarial.] Of or pertaining to a notary; done or taken by a notary; as, a notarial seal; notarial evidence or attestation.

Notarially

No*ta"ri*al*ly, adv. In a notarial manner.

Notary

No"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Notaries (#). [F. notaire, L. notarius notary (in sense 1), fr. nota mark. See 5th Note.]

1. One who records in shorthand what is said or done; as, the notary of an ecclesiastical body.

2. (Eng. & Am. Law) A public officer who attests or certifies deeds and other writings, or copies of them, usually under his official seal, to make them authentic, especially in foreign countries. His duties chiefly relate to instruments used in commercial transactions, such as protests of negotiable paper, ship's papers in cases of loss, damage, etc. He is generally called a notary public.

Notate

No"tate (?), a. [L. notatus marked, p. p. of notare to mark. See 5th Note.] (Bot.) Marked with spots or lines, which are often colored. Henslow.

Notation

No*ta"tion (?), n. [L. notatio a marking, observing, etymology, fr. notare to mark, nota a mark: cf. F. notation. See 5th Note.]

1. The act or practice of recording anything by marks, figures, or characters.

2. Any particular system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in art or science, to express briefly technical facts, quantities, etc. Esp., the system of figures, letters, and signs used in arithmetic and algebra to express number, quantity, or operations.

3. Literal or etymological signification. [Obs.]

"Conscience" is a Latin word, and, according to the very notation of it, imports a double or joint knowledge. South.

Notch

Notch (?), n. [Akin to nock; cf. OD. nock, OSw. nocka. Cf. Nick a notch.]

1. A hollow cut in anything; a nick; an indentation.

And on the stick ten equal notches makes. Swift.

2. A narrow passage between two elevation; a deep, close pass; a defile; as, the notch of a mountain.

Notch

Notch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Notched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Notching.]

1. To cut or make notches in ; to indent; also, to score by notches; as, to notch a stick.

2. To fit the notch of (an arrow) to the string.

God is all sufferance; here he doth show No arrow notched, only a stringless bow. Herrick.

Notchboard

Notch"board` (?), n. (Carp.) The board which receives the ends of the steps in a staircase.

Notching

Notch"ing, n.

1. The act of making notches; the act of cutting into small hollows.

2. The small hollow, or hollows, cut; a notch or notches.

3. (Carp.) A method of joining timbers, scantling, etc., by notching them, as at the ends, and overlapping or interlocking the notched portions.

4. (Engin.) A method of excavating, as in a bank, by a series of cuttings side by side. See also Gulleting.

Notchweed

Notch"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A foul-smelling weed, the stinking goosefoot (Chenopodium Vulvaria).

Note

Note (?), v. t. [AS. hn\'c6tan to strike against, imp. hn\'bet.] To butt; to push with the horns. [Prov. Eng.]

Note

Note (?). [AS. n\'bet; ne not + w\'bet wot. See Not, and Wot.] Know not; knows not. [Obs.]

Note

Note, n. Nut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note

Note, n. [AS. notu use, profit.] Need; needful business. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note

Note, n. [F. note, L. nota; akin to noscere, notum, to know. See Know.]

1. A mark or token by which a thing may be known; a visible sign; a character; a distinctive mark or feature; a characteristic quality.

Whosoever appertain to the visible body of the church, they have also the notes of external profession. Hooker.
She [the Anglican church] has the note of possession, the note of freedom from party titles,the note of life -- a tough life and a vigorous. J. H. Newman.
What a note of youth, of imagination, of impulsive eagerness, there was through it all ! Mrs. Humphry Ward.

2. A mark, or sign, made to call attention, to point out something to notice, or the like; a sign, or token, proving or giving evidence.

3. A brief remark; a marginal comment or explanation; hence, an annotation on a text or author; a comment; a critical, explanatory, or illustrative observation.

The best writers have been perplexed with notes, and obscured with illustrations. Felton.

4. A brief writing intended to assist the memory; a memorandum; a minute.

5. pl. Hence, a writing intended to be used in speaking; memoranda to assist a speaker, being either a synopsis, or the full text of what is to be said; as, to preach from notes; also, a reporter's memoranda; the original report of a speech or of proceedings.

6. A short informal letter; a billet.

7. A diplomatic missive or written communication.

8. A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment; as, a promissory note; a note of hand; a negotiable note.

9. A list of items or of charges; an account. [Obs.]

Here is now the smith's note for shoeing. Shak.

10. (Mus.) (a) A character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch. Hence: (b) A musical sound; a tone; an utterance; a tune. (c) A key of the piano or organ.

The wakeful bird . . . tunes her nocturnal note. Milton.
That note of revolt against the eighteenth century, which we detect in Goethe, was struck by Winckelmann. W. Pater.

11. Observation; notice; heed.

Give orders to my servants that they take No note at all of our being absent hence. Shak.

12. Notification; information; intelligence. [Obs.]

The king . . . shall have note of this. Shak.

13. State of being under observation. [Obs.]

Small matters . . . continually in use and in note. Bacon.

14. Reputation; distinction; as, a poet of note.

There was scarce a family of note which had not poured out its blood on the field or the scaffold. Prescott.

15. Stigma; brand; reproach. [Obs.] Shak. Note of hand, a promissory note.

Note

Note (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noted; p. pr. & vb. n. Noting.] [F. noter, L. notare, fr. nota. See Note, n.]

1. To notice with care; to observe; to remark; to heed; to attend to. Pope.

No more of that; I have noted it well. Shak.

2. To record in writing; to make a memorandum of.

Every unguarded word . . . was noted down. Maccaulay.

3. To charge, as with crime (with of or for before the thing charged); to brand. [Obs.]

They were both noted of incontinency. Dryden.

4. To denote; to designate. Johnson.

5. To annotate. [R.] W. H. Dixon.

6. To set down in musical characters. To note a bill ∨ draft, to record on the back of it a refusal of acceptance, as the ground of a protest, which is done officially by a notary.

Notebook

Note"book` (?), n.

1. A book in which notes or memorandums are written.

2. A book in which notes of hand are registered.

Noted

Not"ed (?), a. Well known by reputation or report; eminent; celebrated; as, a noted author, or traveler. -- Not"ed*ly, adv. -- Not"ed*ness, n.

Noteful

Note"ful (?), a. Useful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Noteless

Note"less, a. Not attracting notice; not conspicuous.
Noteless as the race from which he sprung. Sir W. Scott.

Notelessness

Note"less*ness, n. A state of being noteless.

Notelet

Note"let (?), n. A little or short note; a billet.

Note paper

Note" pa`per (?). Writing paper, not exceeding in size, when folded once, five by eight inches.

Noter

Not"er (?), n.

1. One who takes notice.

2. An annotator. [Obs.]

Noteworthy

Note"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of observation or notice; remarkable.

Nother

Noth"er (?), conj. Neither; nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nothing

Noth"ing (?), n. [From no, a. + thing.]

1. Not anything; no thing (in the widest sense of the word thing); -- opposed to anything and something.

Yet had his aspect nothing of severe. Dryden.

2. Nonexistence; nonentity; absence of being; nihility; nothingness. Shak.

3. A thing of no account, value, or note; something irrelevant and impertinent; something of comparative unimportance; utter insignificance; a trifle.

Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought. Is. xli. 24.
'T is nothing, says the fool; but, says the friend, This nothing, sir, will bring you to your end. Dryden.

4. (Arith.) A cipher; naught. Nothing but, only; no more than. Chaucer. -- To make nothing of. (a) To make no difficulty of; to consider as trifling or important. "We are industrious to preserve our bodies from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering our souls to be slaves to our lusts." Ray. (b) Not to understand; as, I could make nothing of what he said.

Nothing

Noth"ing, adv. In no degree; not at all; in no wise.
Adam, with such counsel nothing swayed. Milton.
The influence of reason in producing our passions is nothing near so extensive as is commonly believed. Burke.
Nothing off (Naut.), an order to the steersman to keep the vessel close to the wind.

Nothingarian

Noth`ing*a"ri*an (?), n. One of no certain belief; one belonging to no particular sect.

Nothingism

Noth"ing*ism (?), n. Nihility; nothingness. [R.]

Nothingness

Noth"ing*ness, n.

1. Nihility; nonexistence.

2. The state of being of no value; a thing of no value.

Notice

No"tice (?), n. [F., fr. L. notitia a being known, knowledge, fr. noscere, notum, to know. See Know.]

1. The act of noting, remarking, or observing; observation by the senses or intellect; cognizance; note.

How ready is envy to mingle with the notices we take of other persons ! I. Watts.

2. Intelligence, by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or received; means of knowledge; express notification; announcement; warning.

I . . . have given him notice that the Duke of Cornwall and Regan his duchess will be here. Shak.

3. An announcement, often accompanied by comments or remarks; as, book notices; theatrical notices.

4. A writing communicating information or warning.

5. Attention; respectful treatment; civility. To take notice of, to perceive especially; to observe or treat with particular attention. Syn. -- Attention; regard; remark; note; heed; consideration; respect; civility; intelligence; advice; news.

Notice

No"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Noticing (?).]

1. To observe; to see to mark; to take note of; to heed; to pay attention to.

2. To show that one has observed; to take public note of; remark upon; to make comments on; to refer to; as, to notice a book.

This plant deserves to be noticed in this place. Tooke.
Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion last discussed. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To treat with attention and civility; as, to notice strangers. Syn. -- To remark; observe; perceive; see; mark; note; mind; regard; heed; mention. See Remark.

Noticeable

No"tice*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being observed; worthy of notice; likely to attract observation; conspicous.
A noticeable man, with large gray eyes. Wordsworth.

Noticeably

No"tice*a*bly, adv. In a noticeable manner.

Noticer

No"ti*cer (?), n. One who notices.

Notidanian

No`ti*da"ni*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of sharks of the family Notidanid\'91, or Hexanchid\'91. Called also cow sharks. See Shark.

Notification

No`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. notification. See Notify.]

1. The act of notifying, or giving notice; the act of making known; especially, the act of giving official notice or information to the public or to individuals, corporations, companies, or societies, by words, by writing, or by other means.

2. Notice given in words or writing, or by signs.

3. The writing which communicates information; an advertisement, or citation, etc.

Notify

No"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Notified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Notifying (?).] [F. notifier, L. notificare; notus known (p. p. of noscere to known) + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Know, and -fy.]

1. To make known; to declare; to publish; as, to notify a fact to a person.

No law can bind till it be notified or promulged. Sowth.

2. To give notice to; to inform by notice; to apprise; as, the constable has notified the citizens to meet at the city hall; the bell notifies us of the time of meeting.

The President of the United States has notified the House of Representatives that he has approved and signed the act. Journal of the Senate, U. S.
&hand; This application of notify has been condemned; but it is in constant good use in the United States, and in perfect accordance with the use of certify.

Notion

No"tion (?), [L. notio, fr. noscere to know: cf. F. notion. See Know.]

1. Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined; an idea; a conception; more properly, a general or universal conception, as distinguishable or definable by marks or not\'91.

What hath been generally agreed on, I content myself to assume under the notion of principles. Sir I. Newton.
Few agree in their notions about these words. Cheyne.
That notion of hunger, cold, sound, color, thought, wish, or fear which is in the mind, is called the "idea" of hunger, cold, etc. I. Watts.
Notion, again, signifies either the act of apprehending, signalizing, that is, the remarking or taking note of, the various notes, marks, or characters of an object which its qualities afford, or the result of that act. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A sentiment; an opinion.

The extravagant notion they entertain of themselves. Addison.
A perverse will easily collects together a system of notions to justify itself in its obliquity. J. H. Newman.

3. Sense; mind. [Obs.] Shak.

4. An invention; an ingenious device; a knickknack; as, Yankee notions. [Colloq.]

5. Inclination; intention; disposition; as, I have a notion to do it. [Colloq.]

Notional

No"tion*al (?), a.

1. Consisting of, or conveying, notions or ideas; expressing abstract conceptions.

2. Existing in idea only; visionary; whimsical.

Discourses of speculative and notional things. Evelyn.

3. Given to foolish or visionary expectations; whimsical; fanciful; as, a notional man.

Notionality

No`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. A notional or groundless opinion. [R.] Glanvill.

Notionally

No"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In mental apprehension; in conception; not in reality.
Two faculties . . . notionally or really distinct. Norris.

Notionate

No"tion*ate (?), a. Notional. [R.]

Notionist

No"tion*ist, n. One whose opinions are ungrounded notions. [R.] Bp. Hopkins.

Notist

No"tist (?), n. An annotator. [Obs.]

Notobranchiata

No`to*bran`chi*a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Notum, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of nudibranchiate mollusks having gills upon the back. (b) The Dorsibranchiata.

Notobranchiate

No`to*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Notobranchiata.

Notochord

No"to*chord (?), n. [Gr. chord.] (Anat.) An elastic cartilagelike rod which is developed beneath the medullary groove in the vertebrate embryo, and constitutes the primitive axial skeleton around which the centra of the vertebr\'91 and the posterior part of the base of the skull are developed; the chorda dorsalis. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

Notochordal

No`to*chor"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the notochord; having a notochord.

Notodontian

No`to*don"tian (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of bombycid moths belonging to Notodonta, Nerice, and allied genera. The caterpillar of these moths has a hump, or spine, on its back.

Notopodium

No`to*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. L. Notopodia (#), E. Notopodiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal lobe or branch of a parapodium. See Parapodium.

Notorhizal

No`to*rhi"zal (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the embryo lying against the back of one of the cotyledons; incumbent.
Page 984

Notoriety

No`to*ri"e*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. notori\'82t\'82. See Notorious.] The quality or condition of being notorious; the state of being generally or publicly known; -- commonly used in an unfavorable sense; as, the notoriety of a crime.
They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public notoriety. Addison.

Notorious

No*to"ri*ous (?), a. [L. notorius pointing out, making known, fr. noscere, notum, to known: cf. F. notoire. See Know.] Generally known and talked of by the public; universally believed to be true; manifest to the world; evident; -- usually in an unfavorable sense; as, a notorious thief; a notorious crime or vice.
Your goodness, Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. Shak.
Syn. -- Distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; celebrated; noted; famous; renowned.<-- infamous is an extreme sense --> -- No*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- No*to"ri*ous*ness, n.

Notornis

No*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds allied to the gallinules, but having rudimentary wings and incapable of flight. Notornis Mantelli was first known as a fossil bird of New Zealand, but subsequently a few individuals were found living on the southern island. It is supposed to be now nearly or quite extinct.

Nototherium

No`to*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extinct genus of gigantic herbivorous marsupials, found in the Pliocene formation of Australia.

Nototrema

No`to*tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The pouched, or marsupial, frog of South America.

Not-pated, Nott-pated

Not"-pat`ed (?), Nott"-pat`ed, a. Same as Nott-headed. [Obs.] Shak.

Notself

Not"self` (?), n. (Metaph.) The negative of self. "A cognizance of notself." Sir. W. Hamilton.

Nott

Nott (?), a. [AS. hnot shorn.] Shorn. [Obs.]

Nott

Nott, v. t. To shear. [Obs.] Stow.

Nott-headed

Nott"-head`ed (?), a. Having the hair cut close. [Obs.] Chapman.

Notturno

Not*tur"no (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) Same as Nocturne.

Notum

No"tum (?), n.; pl. Nota (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The back.

Notus

No"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. The south wind.

Notwheat

Not"wheat` (?), n. [Nott + wheat.] Wheat not bearded. Carew.

Notwithstanding

Not`with*stand"ing (?), prep. Without prevention, or obstruction from or by; in spite of.
We gentil women bee Loth to displease any wight, Notwithstanding our great right. Chaucer's Dream.
Those on whom Christ bestowed miraculous cures were so transported that their gratitude made them, notwithstanding his prohibition, proclaim the wonders he had done. Dr. H. More.
&hand; Notwithstanding was, by Johnson and Webster, viewed as a participle absolute, an English equivalent of the Latin non obstante. Its several meanings, either as preposition, adverb, or conjunction, are capable of being explained in this view. Later grammarians, while admitting that the word was originally a participle, and can be treated as such, prefer to class it as a preposition or disjunctive conjunction. Syn. -- In spite of; despite. -- Notwithstanding, In spite of, Despite. These words and phrases are often interchanged, but there is a difference between them, chiefly in strength. Notwithstanding is the weaker term, and simply points to some obstacle that may exist; as, I shall go, notwithstanding the rain. In spite or despite of has reference primarily to active opposition to be encountered from others; as, "I'll be, in man's despite, a monarch; " "I'll keep mine own, despite of all the world." Shak. Hence, these words, when applied to things, suppose greater opposition than notwithstanding. We should say. "He was thrust rudely out of doors in spite of his entreaties," rather than "notwithstanding". On the other hand, it would be more civil to say, "Notwithstanding all you have said, I must still differ with you."<-- only notwithstanding can be used postpositively -->

Notwithstanding

Not`with*stand"ing, adv. ∨ conj. [Originally the participle of withstand, with not prefixed.] Nevertheless; however; although; as, I shall go, notwithstanding it rains.
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant. Notwithstanding, in thy days I will not do it. 1 Kings xi. 11, 12.
They which honor the law as an image of the wisdom of God himself, are, notwithstanding, to know that the same had an end in Christ. Hooker.
You did wisely and honestly too, notwithstanding She is the greatest beauty in the parish. Fielding.
Notwithstanding that, notwithstanding; although.
These days were ages to him, notwithstanding that he was basking in the smiles of the pretty Mary. W. Irving.

Nouch

Nouch (?), n. [See Ouch.] An ouch; a jewel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nougat

Nou`gat" (?), n. [F.] A cake, sweetmeat, or confecti\'a2n made with almonds or other nuts.

Nought

Nought (?), n. & adv. See Naught. Chaucer.

Nould

Nould (?). [Contr. fr. ne would.] Would not. [Obs.] "By those who nould repent." Fairfax.

Noule

Noule (?), n. [See Noll.] The top of the head; the head or noll. [Obs.] Spenser.

Noumenal

Nou"me*nal (?), a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to the noumenon; real; -- opposed to phenomenal. G. H. Lewes.

Noumenon

Nou"me*non (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Metaph.) The of itself unknown and unknowable rational object, or thing in itself, which is distinguished from the phenomenon through which it is apprehended by the senses, and by which it is interpreted and understood; -- so used in the philosophy of Kant and his followers.

Noun

Noun (?), n. [OF. noun, nun, num, non, nom, F. nom, fr. L. nomen name. See Name.] (Gram.) A word used as the designation or appellation of a creature or thing, existing in fact or in thought; a substantive. &hand; By some grammarians the term noun is so used as to include adjectives, as being descriptive; but in general it is limited to substantives.

Nounal

Noun"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a noun.
Verbs which in whole or in part have shed their old nounal coat. Earle.

Nounize

Noun"ize (?), v. t. To change (an adjective, verb, etc.) into a noun. Earle.<-- = nominalize -->

Nourice

Nour"ice (?), n. A nurse. [Obs.] Spenser.

Nourish

Nour"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nourished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nourishing.] [OE. norisen, norischen, OF. nurir, nurrir, norir, F. norrir, fr. L. nutrire. Cf. Nurse, Nutriment, and see -ish.]

1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with nutriment.

He planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. Is. xliv. 14.

2. To support; to maintain.

Whiles I in Ireland nourish a mighty band. Shak.

3. To supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to foster; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues. "Nourish their contentions." Hooker.

4. To cherish; to comfort.

Ye have nourished your hearts. James v. 5.

5. To educate; to instruct; to bring up; to nurture; to promote the growth of in attainments. Chaucer.

Nourished up in the words of faith. 1 Tim. iv. 6.
Syn. -- To cherish; feed; supply. See Nurture.

Nourish

Nour"ish, v. i.

1. To promote growth; to furnish nutriment.

Grains and roots nourish more than their leaves. Bacon.

2. To gain nourishment. [R.] Bacon.

Nourish

Nour"ish, n. A nurse. [Obs.] Hoolland.

Nourishable

Nour"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. nourrissable.]

1. Capable of being nourished; as, the nourishable parts of the body. Grew.

2. Capable of giving nourishment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Nourisher

Nour"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, nourishes. Milton.

Nourishing

Nour"ish*ing, a. Promoting growth; nutritious,

Nourishingly

Nour"ish*ing*ly, adv. Nutritively; cherishingly.

Nourishment

Nour"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. norrissement.]

1. The act of nourishing, or the state of being nourished; nutrition.

2. That which serves to nourish; nutriment; food.

Learn to seek the nourishment of their souls. Hooker.

Nouriture

Nour"i*ture (?), n. Nurture. [Obs.] Spenser.

Noursle

Nour"sle (?), v. t. [Freq., fr. OE. nourse. See Nurse.] To nurse; to rear; to bring up. [Obs.] [Written also nosel, nousel, nousle, nowsle, nusle, nuzzle, etc.]
She noursled him till years he raught. Spenser.

Nous

Nous (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Intellect; understanding; talent; -- used humorously.

Nousel, Nousle

Nous"el, Nou"sle (?), v. t. [See Noose.] To insnare; to entrap. [Obs.] Johnson.

Nouthe, Nowthe

Nou"the, Now"the (?), adv. [Now + the.] Just now; at present. [Obs.]
But thereof needeth not to speak as nouthe. Chaucer.

Novaculite

No*vac"u*lite (?), n. [L. novacula a sharp knife, razor: cf. F. novaculite.] (Min.) A variety of siliceous slate, of which hones are made; razor stone; Turkey stone; hone stone; whet slate.

Novatian

No*va"tian (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the sect of Novatius, or Novatianus, who held that the lapsed might not be received again into communion with the church, and that second marriages are unlawful.

Novatianism

No*va"tian*ism (?), n. The doctrines or principles of the Novatians. Milner.

Novation

No*va"tion (?), n. [L. novatio; novus new: cf. F. novation.]

1. Innovation. [Obs.]

I shall easily grant that novations in religion are a main cause of distempers in commonwealths. Laud.

2. (Law) A substitution of a new debt for an old one; also, the remodeling of an old obligation.

Novator

No*va"tor (?), n. An innovator. [Obs.]

Novel

Nov"el (?), a. [OF. novel, nuvel, F. nouvel, nouveau, L. novellus, dim. of novus new. See New.] Of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; new; hence, out of the ordinary course; unusual; strange; surprising. &hand; In civil law, the novel or new constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors. Novel assignment (Law), a new assignment or specification of a suit. Syn. -- New; recent; modern; fresh; strange; uncommon; rare; unusual. -- Novel, New . Everything at its first occurrence is new; that is novel which is so much out of the ordinary course as to strike us with surprise. That is a new sight which is beheld for the first time; that is a novel sight which either was never seen before or is seen but seldom. We have daily new inventions, but a novel one supposes some very peculiar means of attaining its end. Novel theories are regarded with distrust, as likely to prove more ingenious than sound.

Novel

Nov"el, n. [F. nouvelle. See Novel, a.]

1. That which is new or unusual; a novelty.

2. pl. News; fresh tidings. [Obs.]

Some came of curiosity to hear some novels. Latimer.

3. A fictitious tale or narrative, professing to be conformed to real life; esp., one intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love. Dryden.

4. [L. novellae (sc. constitutiones): cf. F. novelles.] (Law) A new or supplemental constitution. See the Note under Novel, a.

Novelette

Nov`el*ette" (?), n. [Dim. of novel, n. See Novel.] A short novel.

Novelism

Nov"el*ism (?), n. Innovation. [Obs.]

Novelist

Nov"el*ist, n.

1. An innovator; an asserter of novelty. [Obs.] Cudworth.

2. [Cf. F. nouvelliste, It. novellista.] A writer of news. [Obs.] Tatler (178).

3. [Cf. F. nouvelliste.] A writer of a novel or novels.

Novelize

Nov"el*ize (?), v. i. To innovate. [Obs.]

Novelize

Nov"el*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Novelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Novelizing (?).]

1. To innovate. [Obs.]

2. To put into the form of novels; to represent by fiction. "To novelize history." Sir J. Herschel.

Novelry

Nov"el*ry (?), n. [OF. novelerie.] Novelty; new things. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Novelty

Nov"el*ty (?), n.; pl. Novelties (#). [OF. novelt\'82, F. nouveaut\'82, L. novellitas.]

1. The quality or state of being novel; newness; freshness; recentness of origin or introduction.

Novelty is the great parent of pleasure. South.

2. Something novel; a new or strange thing.

November

No*vem"ber (?), n. [L. November, or Novembris (sc. mensis), the ninth month of the old Roman year, which began with March, fr. novem nine: cf. F. Novembre. See Nine.] The eleventh month of the year, containing thirty days.

Novenary

Nov"e*na*ry (?), a. [L. novenarius, from novem nine.] Of or pertaining to the number nine.

Novenary

Nov"e*na*ry, n. The number of nine units; nine, collectively.

Novene

No"vene (?), a. [L. novenus nine each, in LL., ninth, fr. L. novem nine.] Relating to, or dependent on, the number nine; novenary. [R.]
The triple and novene division ran throughout. Milman.

Novennial

No*ven"ni*al (?), a. [L. novennis of nine years; novem nine + annus year.] Done or recurring every ninth year.

Novercal

No*ver"cal (?), a. [L. novennis of nine years; novem nine + annus year.] Done or recurring every ninth year.

Novercal

No*ver"cal (?), a. [L. novercalis, from noverca a stepmother.] Of or pertaining to a stepmother; suitable to, or in the manner of, a stepmother. Derham.

Novice

Nov"ice (?), n. [F., from L. novicius, novitius, new, from novus new. See New, and cf. Novitious.]

1. One who is new in any business, profession, or calling; one unacquainted or unskilled; one yet in the rudiments; a beginner; a tyro.

I am young; a novice in the trade. Dryden.

2. One newly received into the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith. 1 Tim. iii. 6.

3. (Eccl.) One who enters a religious house, whether of monks or nuns, as a probationist. Shipley.

No poore cloisterer, nor no novys. Chaucer.

Novice

Nov"ice, a. Like a novice; becoming a novice. [Obs.]

Noviceship

Nov"ice*ship (?), n. The state of being a novice; novitiate.

Novilunar

No`vi*lu"nar (?), a. [L. novus new + luna the moon.] Of or pertaining to the new moon. [R.]

Novitiate

No*vi"ti*ate (?), n. [LL. novitiatus: cf. F. noviciat.]

1. The state of being a novice; time of initiation or instruction in rudiments.

2. Hence: Time of probation in a religious house before taking the vows.

3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a novice. Addison.

4. The place where novices live or are trained. [R.]

Novitious

No*vi"tious (?), a. [L. novitius, novicius.] Newly invented; recent; new. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Novity

Nov"i*ty (?), n. [L. novitas, fr. novus new.] Newness; novelty. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Novum

No"vum (?), n. A game at dice, properly called novem quinque (L., nine five), the two principal throws being nine and five. [Obs.] Shak.

Now

Now (?), adv. [OE. nou, nu, AS. n\'d4, nu; akin to D., OS., & OHG. nu, G. nu, nun, Icel., n\'d4, Dan., Sw., & Goth. nu, L. nunc, Gr. nu, n\'d4. \'fb193. Cf. New.]

1. At the present time; at this moment; at the time of speaking; instantly; as, I will write now.

I have a patient now living, at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago. Arbuthnot.

2. Very lately; not long ago.

They that but now, for honor and for plate, Made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate. Waller.

3. At a time contemporaneous with something spoken of or contemplated; at a particular time referred to.

The ship was now in the midst of the sea. Matt. xiv. 24.

4. In present circumstances; things being as they are; -- hence, used as a connective particle, to introduce an inference or an explanation.

How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of honor ? L'Estrange.
Why should he live, now nature bankrupt is ? Shak.
Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now, Barabbas was a robber. John xviii. 40.
The other great and undoing mischief which befalls men is, by their being misrepresented. Now, by calling evil good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way of slander. South.
Now and again, now and then; occasionally. -- Now and now, again and again; repeatedly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Now and then, at one time and another; indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals. "A mead here, there a heath, and now and then a wood." Drayton. -- Now now, at this very instant; precisely now. [Obs.] "Why, even now now, at holding up of this finger, and before the turning down of this." J. Webster (1607). -- Now . . . now, alternately; at one time . . . at another time. "Now high, now low, now master up, now miss." Pope.

Now

Now, a. Existing at the present time; present. [R.] "Our now happiness." Glanvill.

Now

Now, n. The present time or moment; the present.
Nothing is there to come, and nothing past; But an eternal now does ever last. Cowley.
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Nowadays

Now"a*days` (?), adv. [For now on (OE. an) days. See A-, 1.] In these days; at the present time.
What men of spirit, nowadays, Come to give sober judgment of new plays ? Garrick.

Noway, Noways

No"way` (?), No"ways` (?), adv. [No, a. + way. Cf. -wards.] In no manner or degree; not at all; nowise.
But Ireland will noways allow that name unto it. Fuller.

Nowch

Nowch (?), n. See Nouch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nowd

Nowd (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European gray gurnard (Trigla gurnardus). [Written also knoud.]

Nowed

Now"ed (?), a. [F. nou\'82, p. p. of nouer to knot, fr. L. nodare. See Nodated.] (Her.) Knotted; tied in a knot, as a serpent.

Nowel

Now"el (?), n. [See Noel.] [Written also no\'89l.]

1. Christmas; also, a shout of joy at Christmas for the birth of the Savior. [Obs.]

2. (Mus.) A kind of hymn, or canticle, of medi\'91val origin, sung in honor of the Nativity of our Lord; a Christmas carol. Grove.

Nowel

Now"el, n. [F. noyau, prop., a kernel. See Noyau, Newel a post.] (Founding) (a) The core, or the inner part, of a mold for casting a large hollow object. (b) The bottom part of a mold or of a flask, in distinction from the cope; the drag.

Nowes

Nowes (?), n. pl. [From OF. nous. See Noose, Node.] The marriage knot. [Obs.] Crashaw.

Nowhere

No"where` (?), adv. [AS. n\'behw\'d6r. See No, and Where.] Not anywhere; not in any place or state; as, the book is nowhere to be found.

Nowhither

No"whith`er (?), adv. [No + whither.] Not anywhither; in no direction; nowhere. [Archaic] "Thy servant went nowhither." 2 Kings v. 25.

Nowise

No"wise` (?), adv. [For in no wise. See Wise, n.] Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways.
Others whose case is nowise different. Earle.

Nowt

Nowt (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Neat cattle.

Nowthe

Now"the (?). See Nouthe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Noxious

Nox"ious (?), a. [L. noxius, fr. noxa harm; akin to nocere to harm, hurt. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.]

1. Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; injurious; destructive; unwholesome; insalubrious; as, noxious air, food, or climate; pernicious; corrupting to morals; as, noxious practices or examples.

Too frequent an appearance in places of public resort is noxious to spiritual promotions. Swift.

2. Guilty; criminal. [R.]

Those who are noxious in the eye of the law. Abp. Bramhall.
Syn. -- Noisome; hurtful; harmful; injurious; destructive; pernicious; mischievous; corrupting; baneful; unwholesome; insalubrious. See Noisome. -- Nox"ious*ly, adv. -- Nox"ious*ness, n.

Noy

Noy (?), v. t. [See Annoy.] To annoy; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Piers Plowman.
All that noyed his heavy spright. Spenser.

Noy

Noy, n. That which annoys. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Noyance

Noy"ance (?), Annoyance. [Obs.] Spenser.

Noyau

Noy`au" (?), n. [F., prop., the stone or nut of a fruit, fr. L. nucalis like a nut. See Newel a post.] A cordial of brandy, etc., flavored with the kernel of the bitter almond, or of the peach stone, etc.

Noyer

Noy"er (?), n. An annoyer. [Obs.] Tusser.

Noyful

Noy"ful (?), a. Full of annoyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Noyls

Noyls (?), n. pl. See Noils.

Noyous

Noy"ous (?), a. Annoying; disagreeable. [Obs.]
Watch the noyous night, and wait for Spenser.

Nozle

No"zle (?), n. Nozzle. [Obs.]

Nozzle

Noz"zle (?), n. [A dim. of nose. &root;261] [Written also nosle.]

1. The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; as, the nozzle of a bellows.

2. Specifically: (a) A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe. (b) A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.

Nuance

Nu`ance" (?), n. [F.] A shade of difference; a delicate gradation.

Nub

Nub (?), v. t. [Cf. Knob.] To push; to nudge; also, to beckon. [Prov. Eng.]

Nub

Nub, n. A jag, or snag; a knob; a protuberance; also, the point or gist, as of a story. [Colloq.]

Nubbin

Nub"bin (?), n. A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Colloq. U. S.]

Nubble

Nub"ble (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. nubben to knock, cuff.] To beat or bruise with the fist. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Nubecula

Nu*bec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Nubecul\'91 (-l&emac;). [L., dim. of nubes cloud.]

1. (Astron.) (a) A nebula. (b) pl. Specifically, the Magellanic clouds.

2. (Med.) (a) A slight spot on the cornea. (b) A cloudy object or appearance in urine. Dunglison.

Nubia

Nu"bi*a (?), n. [From L. nubes cloud.] A light fabric of wool, worn on the head by women; a cloud.

Nubian

Nu"bi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Nubia in Eastern Africa. -- n. A native of Nubia.

Nubiferous

Nu*bif"er*ous (?), a. [L. nubifer; nubes cloud + ferre to bear: cf. F. nubif\'8are.] Bringing, or producing, clouds.

Nubigenous

Nu*big"e*nous (?), a. [L. nubes cloud + -genous.] Born of, or produced from, clouds. [R.]

Nubilate

Nu"bi*late (?), v. t. [L. nubilatus, p. p. of nubilare to cloud, fr. nubes cloud.] To cloud. [Obs.]

Nubile

Nu"bile (?), a. [L. nubilis, fr. nubere to marry: cf. F. nubile. See Nuptial.] Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable. Prior. <-- 2. [of a young woman] Sexually attractive, sometimes used as a genteel euphemism for "having well-developed breasts". -->

Nubility

Nu*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nubilit\'82 .] The state of being marriageable. [R.]

Nubilose, Nubilous

Nu"bi*lose` (?), Nu"bi*lous (?), a. [L. nubilosus, nubilus, fr. nubes cloud.] Cloudy. [R.]

Nucament

Nu"ca*ment (?), n. [L. nucamenta fir cones, fr. nux, nucis, a nut.] (Bot.) A catkin or ament; the flower cluster of the hazel, pine, willow, and the like.

Nucamentaceous

Nu`ca*men*ta"ceous (?), a. [See Nucament.] (Bot.) Like a nut either in structure or in being indehiscent; bearing one-seeded nutlike fruits. [Written also nucumentaceous.]

Nucellus

Nu*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Nucelli (#). [NL., dim. of nux, nucis, a nut.] (Bot.) See Nucleus, 3 (a).

Nucha

Nu"cha (?), n.; pl. Nuch (#). [LL.] (Zo\'94l.) The back or upper part of the neck; the nape.

Nuchal

Nu"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. nucal.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the back, or nape, of the neck; -- applied especially to the anterior median plate in the carapace of turtles.

Nuciferous

Nu*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. nux, nucis, nut + -ferous.] Bearing, or producing, nuts.

Nuciform

Nu"ci*form (?), a. [L. nux, nucis, nut + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a nut; nut-shaped.

Nucin

Nu"cin (?), n. [L. nux, nucis, a nut.] (Chem.) See Juglone.

Nucleal, Nuclear

Nu"cle*al (?), Nu"cle*ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a nucleus; as, the nuclear spindle (see Illust. of Karyokinesis) or the nuclear fibrils of a cell; the nuclear part of a comet, etc.

Nucleate

Nu"cle*ate (?), a. [L. nucleatus having a kernel.] Having a nucleus; nucleated.

Nucleate

Nu"cle*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. L. nucleare to become kernelly.] To gather, as about a nucleus or center.

Nucleated

Nu"cle*a`ted (?), a. Having a nucleus; nucleate; as, nucleated cells.

Nucleiform

Nu*cle"i*form (?), a. [L. nucleus kernel + -form.] Formed like a nucleus or kernel.

Nuclein

Nu"cle*in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A constituent of the nuclei of all cells. It is a colorless amorphous substance, readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially characterized by its comparatively large content of phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur.\'3c--containing protein and nucleic acid--\'3e

Nucleobranch

Nu"cle*o*branch (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Nucleobranchiata. -- n. One of the Nucleobranchiata.

Nucleobranchiata

Nu`cle*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nucleus, and Branchia] (Zo\'94l.) See Heteropoda.

Nucleoidioplasma

Nu`cle*o*id`i*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Nucleus, and Idioplasma.] (Biol.) Hyaline plasma contained in the nucleus of vegetable cells.

Nucleolar

Nu*cle"o*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the nucleolus of a cell.

Nucleolated

Nu"cle*o*la`ted (?), a. Having a nucleole, or second inner nucleus.

Nucleole

Nu"cle*ole (?), n. [See Nucleolus.] The nucleus within a nucleus; nucleolus.

Nucleolus

Nu*cle"o*lus (?), n.; pl. Nucleoli (#). [L., a little nut, dim. of nucleus.]

1. A little nucleus.

2. (Biol.) A small rounded body contained in the nucleus of a cell or a protozoan. &hand; It was termed by Agassiz the entoblast. In the protozoa, where it may be situated on one side of the nucleus, it is sometimes called the endoplastule, and is supposed to be concerned in the male part of the reproductive process. See Nucleus.

Nucleoplasm

Nu"cle*o*plasm (?), n. [Nucleus + -plasm.] (Biol.) The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of the nucleus; karyoplasma.

Nucleoplasmic

Nu`cle*o*plas"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to nucleoplasm; -- esp. applied to a body formed in the developing ovum from the plasma of the nucleus of the germinal vesicle.

Nucleus

Nu"cle*us (?), n.; pl. E. Nucleuses (#), L. Nuclei (#). [L., a kernel, dim. fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf. Newel post.]

1. A kernel; hence, a central mass or point about which matter is gathered, or to which accretion is made; the central or material portion; -- used both literally and figuratively.

It must contain within itself a nucleus of truth. I. Taylor.

2. (Astron.) The body or the head of a comet.

3. (Bot.) (a) An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue. (b) A whole seed, as contained within the seed coats.

4. (Biol.) A body, usually spheroidal, in a cell or a protozoan, distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a difference in refrangibility and in behavior towards chemical reagents. It is more or less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid (achromatin) through which extends a network of fibers (chromatin) in which may be suspended a second rounded body, the nucleolus (see Nucleoplasm). See Cell division, under Division. <-- it contains the genetic material, DNA --> &hand; The nucleus is sometimes termed the endoplast or endoblast, and in the protozoa is supposed to be concerned in the female part of the reproductive process. See Karyokinesis.

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tip, or earliest part, of a univalve or bivalve shell. (b) The central part around which additional growths are added, as of an operculum. (c) A visceral mass, containing the stomach and other organs, in Tunicata and some mollusks.

Nucula

Nu"cu*la (?), n. [L., little nut, dim. of nux, nucis, a nut.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small marine bivalve shells, having a pearly interior.

Nucle

Nu"cle (?), n. [L. nucula a small nut.] (Bot.) Same as Nutlet.

Nucumentaceous

Nu`cu*men*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) See Nucamentaceous.

Nudation

Nu*da"tion (?), n. [L. nudatio, fr. nudare to make naked, fr. nudus naked. See Nude.] The act of stripping, or making bare or naked.

Nuddle

Nud"dle (?), v. i. To walk quickly with the head bent forward; -- often with along. [Prov. Eng.]

Nude

Nude (?), a. [L. nudus. See Naked.]

1. Bare; naked; unclothed; undraped; as, a nude statue.

2. (Law) Naked; without consideration; void; as, a nude contract. See Nudum pactum. Blackstone. The nude, the undraped human figure in art. -- Nude"ly, adv.- Nude"ness, n.

Nudge

Nudge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nudge (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nudging.] [Cf. Prov. G. kn\'81tschen to squeeze, pinch, E. Knock.] To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call attention or convey intimation.

Nudge

Nudge (?), n. A gentle push, or jog, as with the elbow.

Nudibrachiate

Nu`di*brach"i*ate (?), a. [L. nudus naked + brachium an arm.] (Zo\'94l.) Having tentacles without vibratile cilia. Carpenter.

Nudibranch

Nu"di*branch (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Nudibranchiata. -- n. One of the Nudibranchiata.

Nudibranchiata

Nu`di*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nude, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks, having no shell except while very young. The gills are naked and situated upon the back or sides. See Ceratobranchia.

Nudibranchiate

Nu`di*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nudibranch.

Nudicaul

Nu"di*caul (?), a. [L. nudus naked + caulis stem.] (Bot.) Having the stems leafless.

Nudification

Nu`di*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nudus naked + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of making nude.

Nudity

Nu"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Nudities (#). [Cf. F. nudit\'82 .]

1. The quality or state of being nude; nakedness.

2. That which is nude or naked; naked part; undraped or unclothed portion; esp. (Fine Arts), the human figure represented unclothed; any representation of nakedness; -- chiefly used in the plural and in a bad sense.

There are no such licenses permitted in poetry any more than in painting, to design and color obscene nudities. Dryden.

Nudum pactum

Nu"dum pac"tum (?). [L., a nude pact.] (Law) A bare, naked contract, without any consideration. Tomlins.<-- = naked promise? -->

Nugacity

Nu*gac"i*ty (?), n. [L. nugacitas, fr. nugax, -acis, trifling.] Futility; trifling talk or behavior; drollery. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Nug\'91

Nu"g\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.] Trifles; jests.

Nugation

Nu*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. nugation.] The act or practice of trifling. [R.] Bacon.

Nugatory

Nu"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. nugatorius, fr. nugari to trifle, nugae jests, trifles.]

1. Trifling; vain; futile; insignificant.

2. Of no force; inoperative; ineffectual.

If all are pardoned, and pardoned as a mere act of clemency, the very substance of government is made nugatory. I. Taylor.

Nugget

Nug"get (?), n. [Earlier niggot, prob. for nigot, an ingot. See Ingot.] A lump; a mass, esp. a native lump of a precious metal; as, a nugget of gold.

Nugify

Nu"gi*fy (?), v. t. [L. nuggae trifles + -fy.] To render trifling or futile; to make silly. [R.] Coleridge.

Nuisance

Nui"sance (?), n. [OE. noisance, OF. noisance, nuisance, fr. L. nocentia guilt, fr. nocere to hurt, harm; akin to necare to kill. Cf Necromancy, Nocent, Noxious, Pernicious.] That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or noxious. &hand; Nuisances are public when they annoy citizens in general; private, when they affect individuals only.

Nuisancer

Nui"san*cer (?), n. (Law) One who makes or causes a nuisance.

Nul

Nul (?), a. [F. See Null, a.] (Law) No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort.

Null

Null (?), a. [L. nullus not any, none; ne not + ullus any, a dim. of unus one; cf. F. nul. See No, and One, and cf. None.] Of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid; void; nugatory; useless.
Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection; no more. Tennyson.

Null

Null, n.

1. Something that has no force or meaning.

2. That which has no value; a cipher; zero. Bacon. Null method (Physics.), a zero method. See under Zero.

Null

Null, v. t. [From null, a., or perh. abbrev. from annul.] To annul. [Obs.] Milton.

Null

Null, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One of the beads in nulled work.

Nulled

Nulled (?), a. Turned so as to resemble nulls. Nulled work (Cabinetwork), ornamental turned work resembling nulls or beads strung on a rod.

Nullibiety

Nul`li*bi"e*ty (?), n. [L. nullibi nowhere.] The state or condition of being nowhere. [Obs.]

Nullification

Nul`li*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nullificatio contempt. See Nullify.] The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no legal effect. Right of nullification (U. S. Hist.), the right claimed in behalf of a State to nullify or make void, by its sovereign act or decree, an enactment of the general government which it deems unconstitutional.

Nullifidian

Nul`li*fid"i*an (?), a. [L. nullus none + fide faith.] Of no faith; also, not trusting to faith for salvation; -- opposed to solifidian. Feltham.

Nullifidian

Nul`li*fid"i*an, n. An unbeliever. B. Jonson.

Nullifier

Nul"li*fi`er (?), n. One who nullifies or makes void; one who maintains the right to nullify a contract by one of the parties.

Nullify

Nul"li*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nullified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nullifying (?).] [L. nullificare; nullus none + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Null, a., and -fy.] To make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or efficacy.
Such correspondence would at once nullify the conditions of the probationary system. I. Taylor.
Syn. -- To abrogate; revoke; annul; repeal; invalidate; cancel. See Abolish.

Nullipore

Nul"li*pore (?), n. [L. nullus none + porus pope.] (Bot.) A name for certain crustaceous marine alg\'91 which secrete carbonate of lime on their surface, and were formerly thought to be of animal nature. They are now considered corallines of the genera Melobesia and Lithothamnion.
Page 986

Nullity

Nul"li*ty (?), n.; pl. Nullities. [LL. nullitias, fr. L. nullus none: cf. F. nullit\'82 . See Null.]

1. The quality or state of being null; nothingness; want of efficacy or force.

2. (Law) Nonexistence; as, a decree of nullity of marriage is a decree that no legal marriage exists.

3. That which is null.

Was it not absurd to say that the convention was supreme in the state, and yet a nullity ? Macaulay.

Numb

Numb (?), a. [OE. nume, nome, prop., seized, taken, p. p. of nimen to take, AS. niman, p. p. numen. \'fb7. See Nimble, Nomad, and cf. Benumb.]

1. Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the power of sensation and motion; rendered torpid; benumbed; insensible; as, the fingers or limbs are numb with cold. "A stony image, cold and numb." Shak.

2. Producing numbness; benumbing; as, the numb, cold night. [Obs.] Shak.

Numb

Numb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Numbing (?).] To make numb; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion; to render senseless or inert; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy.
For lazy winter numbs the laboring hand. Dryden.
Like dull narcotics, numbing pain. Tennyson.

Numbedness

Numb"ed*ness (?), n. Numbness. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Number

Num"ber (?), n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L. numerus; akin to Gr. Numb, Nomad, and cf. Numerate, Numero, Numerous.]

1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things expressible by figures.

2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a multitude; many.

Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers. Addison.

3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to put a number on a door.

4. Numerousness; multitude.

Number itself importeth not much in armies where the people are of weak courage. Bacon.

5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable.

Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds out of number. 2 Esdras iii. 7.

6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate things.

7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry, verse; -- chiefly used in the plural.

I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. Pope.

8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two), expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word; thus, the singular number and the plural number are the names of the forms of a word indicating the objects denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than one.

9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical value. Abstract number, Abundant number, Cardinal number, etc. See under Abstract, Abundant, etc. -- In numbers, in numbered parts; as, a book published in numbers.

Number

Num"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numbered (?); p. pr & vb. n. Numbering.] [OE. nombren, noumbren, F. nombrer, fr. L. numerare, numeratum. See Number, n.]

1. To count; to reckon; to ascertain the units of; to enumerate.

If a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered. Gen. xiii. 16.

2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude.

He was numbered with the transgressors. Is. liii. 12.

3. To give or apply a number or numbers to; to assign the place of in a series by order of number; to designate the place of by a number or numeral; as, to number the houses in a street, or the apartments in a building.

4. To amount; to equal in number; to contain; to consist of; as, the army numbers fifty thousand.

Thy tears can not number the dead. Campbell.
Numbering machine, a machine for printing consecutive numbers, as on railway tickets, bank bills, etc. Syn. -- To count; enumerate; calculate; tell.

Numberer

Num"ber*er (?), n. One who numbers.

Numberful

Num"ber*ful (?), a. Numerous. [Obs.]

Numberless

Num"ber*less, a. Innumerable; countless.

Numberous

Num"ber*ous (?), a. Numerous. [Obs.] Drant.

Numbers

Num"bers (?), n. pl. of Number. The fourth book of the Pentateuch, containing the census of the Hebrews.

Numbfish

Numb"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The torpedo, which numbs by the electric shocks which it gives.

Numbless

Num"bless (?), n. pl. See Nombles.

Numbness

Numb"ness (?), n. The condition of being numb; that state of a living body in which it loses, wholly or in part, the power of feeling or motion.

Numerable

Nu"mer*a*ble (?), a. [L. numerabilis. See Number, v. t.] Capable of being numbered or counted.

Numeral

Nu"mer*al (?), a. [L. numeralis, fr. numerus number: cf. F. num\'82ral. See Number, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to number; consisting of number or numerals.

A long train of numeral progressions. Locke.

2. Expressing number; representing number; as, numeral letters or characters, as X or 10 for ten.

Numeral

Nu"mer*al, n.

1. A figure or character used to express a number; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman numerals, I, V, X, L, etc.

2. A word expressing a number.

Numerally

Nu"mer*al*ly, adv. According to number; in number; numerically.

Numerary

Nu"mer*a*ry (?), a. [LL. numerarius: cf. F. num\'82raire.] Belonging to a certain number; counting as one of a collection or body.
A supernumerary canon, when he obtains a prebend, becomes a numerary canon. Ayliffe.

Numerate

Nu"mer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Numerating (?).] [L. numeratus, p. p. of numerare to count. See Number, v.] (Arith.) To divide off and read according to the rules of numeration; as, to numerate a row of figures.

Numeration

Nu`mer*a"tion (?), n. [L. numeratio a counting out: cf. F. num\'82ration.]

1. The act or art of numbering.

Numeration is but still the adding of one unit more, and giving to the whole a new name or sign. Locke.

2. The act or art of reading numbers when expressed by means of numerals. The term is almost exclusively applied to the art of reading numbers written in the scale of tens, by the Arabic method. Davies & Peck. &hand; For convenience in reading, numbers are usually separated by commas into periods of three figures each, as 1,155,465. According to what is called the "English" system, the billion is a million of millions, a trillion a million of billions, and each higher denomination is a million times the one preceding. According to the system of the French and other Continental nations and also that of the United States, the billion is a thousand millions, and each higher denomination is a thousand times the preceding.

Numerative

Nu"mer*a*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to numeration; as, a numerative system. Eng. Cyc.

Numerator

Nu"mer*a"tor (?), n. [L. numerator: cf. F. num\'82rateur.]

1. One who numbers.

2. (Math.) The term in a fraction which indicates the number of fractional units that are taken. &hand; In a vulgar fraction the numerator is written above a line; thus, in the fraction 5/9 (five ninths) 5 is the numerator; in a decimal fraction it is the number which follows the decimal point. See Fraction.

Numeric, Numerical

Nu*mer"ic (?), Nu*mer"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. num\'82rique. See Number, n.]

1. Belonging to number; denoting number; consisting in numbers; expressed by numbers, and not letters; as, numerical characters; a numerical equation; a numerical statement. &hand; Numerical, as opposed to algebraical, is used to denote a value irrespective of its sign; thus, -5 is numerically greater than -3, though algebraically less.

2.

2. The same in number; hence, identically the same; identical; as, the same numerical body. [Obs.] South.
Would to God that all my fellow brethren, which with me bemoan the loss of their books, . . . might rejoice for the recovery thereof, though not the same numerical volumes. Fuller.
Numerical equation (Alg.), an equation which has all the quantities except the unknown expressed in numbers; -- distinguished from literal equation. -- Numerical value of an equation or expression, that deduced by substituting numbers for the letters, and reducing.

Numeric

Nu*mer"ic, n. (Math.) Any number, proper or improper fraction, or incommensurable ratio. The term also includes any imaginary expression like m + n&root;-1, where m and n are real numerics.

Numerically

Nu*mer"ic*al*ly, adv. In a numerical manner; in numbers; with respect to number, or sameness in number; as, a thing is numerically the same, or numerically different.

Numerist

Nu"mer*ist (?), n. One who deals in numbers. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Numero

Nu"me*ro (?), n. [It., or F. num\'82ro ; both fr. L. numerus number.] Number; -- often abbrev. No.

Numerosity

Nu`mer*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. numerositas.]

1. The state of being numerous; numerousness. [Obs.]

2. Rhythm; harmony; flow. [Obs.]

The numerosity of the sentence pleased the ear. S. Parr.

Numerous

Nu"mer*ous (?), a. [L. numerosus. See Number.]

1. Consisting of a great number of units or individual objects; being many; as, a numerous army.

Such and so numerous was their chivalry. Milton.

2. Consisting of poetic numbers; rhythmical; measured and counted; melodious; musical. [Obs.]

Such prompt eloquence Flowed from their lips, in prose or numerous verse. Milton.
-- Nu"mer*ous*ly, adv. -- Nu"mer*ous*ness, n.

Numidian

Nu*mid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Numidia in Northern Africa. Numidian crane. (Zo\'94l.) See Demoiselle, 2.

Numismatic, Numismatical

Nu`mis*mat"ic (?), Nu`mis*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. numisma, nomisma, a piece of money, coin, fr. Gr. numismatique. See Nomad.] Of or pertaining to coins; relating to the science of coins or medals.

Numismatics

Nu`mis*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. numismatique.] The science of coins and medals.

Numismatist

Nu*mis"ma*tist (?), n. One skilled in numismatics; a numismatologist.

Numismatography

Nu*mis`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [L. numisma, -atis (Gr. -graphy.] A treatise on, or description of, coins and medals.

Numismatologist

Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in numismatology. <-- now usu. numismatist -->

Numismatology

Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [L. numisma, -atis + -logy.] The science which treats of coins and medals, in their relation to history; numismatics.

Nummary

Num"ma*ry (?), a. [L. nummarius, from nummus a coin.] Of or relating to coins or money.

Nummular, Nummulary

Num"mu*lar (?), Num"mu*la*ry (?), a. [L. nummularius, fr. nummulus, dim. of nummus a coin: cf. F. nummulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to coin or money; pecuniary; as, the nummulary talent.

2. (Pathol.) Having the appearance or form of a coin. "Nummular sputa." Sir T. Watson.

Nummulation

Num`mu*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the microscope.

Nummulite

Num"mu*lite (?), n. [L. nummus a coin + -lite: cf. F. nummulite.] (Paleon.) A fossil of the genus Nummulites and allied genera.

Nummulites

Num`mu*li"tes (?), n. [NL. See Nummulite.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat, round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged spirally.

Nummulitic

Num`mu*lit"ic (?), a. Of, like, composed of, containing, nummulites; as, nummulitic beds.

Numps

Numps (?), n. [Cf. Numb.] A dolt; a blockhead. [Obs.] Bp. Parker.

Numskull

Num"skull` (?), n. [Numb + skull.] A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow. [Colloq.]
They have talked like numskulls. Arbuthnot.

Numskulled

Num"skulled` (?), a. Stupid; doltish. [Colloq.]

Nun

Nun (?), n. [OE. nunne, AS. nunne, fr. L. nonna nun, nonnus monk; cf. Gr. Nunnery.]

1. A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a convent, under the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

They holy time is quiet as a nun Breathless with adoration. Wordsworth.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A white variety of domestic pigeons having a veil of feathers covering the head. (b) The smew. (c) The European blue titmouse. Gray nuns (R. C. Ch.), the members of a religious order established in Montreal in 1745, whence branches were introduced into the United States in 1853; -- so called from the color or their robe, and known in religion as Sisters of Charity of Montreal. -- Nun buoy. See under Buoy.

Nunchion

Nun"chion (?), n. [OE. nonechenche, for noneschenche, prop., a noon drink; none noon + schenchen, schenken, skinken, to pour, AS. scencan. See Noon, and Skink, v. i.] A portion of food taken at or after noon, usually between full meals; a luncheon. [Written also noonshun.] Hudibras.

Nunciate

Nun"ci*ate (?), n. One who announces; a messenger; a nuncio. [Obs.] Hoole.

Nunciature

Nun"ci*a*ture (?), n. [L. nunciare, nuntiare, to announce, report, fr. nuncius, nuntius, messenger: cf. F. nonciature, It. nunziatura. See Nuncio.] The office of a nuncio. Clarendon.

Nuncio

Nun"ci*o (?), n.; pl. Nuncios (#). [It. nunzio, nuncio, fr. L. nuncius, nuntius, messenger; perh. akin to novus new, E. new, and thus, one who brings news. Cf. Announce.]

1. A messenger. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The permanent official representative of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government. Distinguished from a legate a latere, whose mission is temporary in its nature, or for some special purpose. Nuncios are of higher rank than internuncios.

Nuncius

Nun"ci*us (?), n.; pl. Nuncii (#). [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law) (a) A messenger. (b) The information communicated.

Nuncupate

Nun"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. nuncupatus, p. p. of nuncupare to nuncupate, prob. fr. nomen name + capere to take.]

1. To declare publicly or solemnly; to proclaim formally. [Obs.]

In whose presence did St. Peter nuncupate it ? Barrow.

2. To dedicate by declaration; to inscribe; as, to nuncupate a book. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Nuncupation

Nun`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. nuncupatio.] The act of nuncupating. [Obs.]

Nuncupative

Nun*cu"pa*tive (?), a. [L. nuncupativus nominal: cf. F. nuncupatif.]

1. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. [Obs.]

2. Nominal; existing only in name. [Obs.]

3. Oral; not written. Nuncupative will ∨ testament, a will or testament made by word of mouth only, before witnesses, as by a soldier or seaman, and depending on oral testimony for proof. Blackstone.

Nuncupatory

Nun*cu"pa*to*ry (?), a. Nuncupative; oral.

Nundinal

Nun"di*nal (?), n. A nundinal letter.

Nundinal, Nundinary

Nun"di*nal (?), Nun"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. nundinalis, nundinarius, fr. nundinae the market day, the weekly market, prop., the ninth day, fr. nundinus belonging to nine days; novem nine + dies day: cf. F. nundinal.] Of or pertaining to a fair, or to a market day. Nundinal letter, among the Romans, one of the first eight letters of the alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. One of these always expressed the market day, which returned every nine days (every eight days by our reckoning).

Nundinate

Nun"di*nate (?), v. i. [L. nundinatus, p. p. of nundinary to attend fairs, to traffic. See Nundinal, a.] To buy and sell at fairs or markets. [Obs.]

Nundination

Nun`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. nundinatio.] Traffic at fairs; marketing; buying and selling. [Obs.]
Common nundination of pardons. Abp. Bramhall.

Nunnation

Nun*na"tion (?), n. [From nun, the Arabic name of the letter n: cf. NL. nunnatio, F. nunnation.] (Arabic Gram.) The pronunciation of n at the end of words.

Nunnery

Nun"ner*y (?), n.; pl. Nunneries (#). [OE. nonnerie, OF. nonerie, F. nonnerie, fr. nonne nun, L. nonna. See Nun.] A house in which nuns reside; a cloister or convent in which women reside for life, under religious vows. See Cloister, and Convent.

Nunnish

Nun"nish (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling a nun; characteristic of a nun. -- Nun"nish*ness, n.

Nup

Nup (?), n. Same as Nupson. [Obs.]

Nuphar

Nu"phar (?), n. [Per. n.] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in the fresh-water ponds or lakes of Europe, Asia, and North America; the yellow water lily. Cf. Nymphaea.
Page 987

Nupson

Nup"son (?), n. [Of doubtful origin.] A simpleton; a fool. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Nuptial

Nup"tial (?), a. [L. nuptialis, fr. nuptiae marriage, wedding, fr. nubere, nuptum, prop., to cover, to veil, hence, to marry, as the head of the bride was covered with a veil; cf. Gr. nuptial.] Of or pertaining to marriage; done or used at a wedding; as, nuptial rites and ceremonies.
Then, all in heat, They light the nuptial torch. Milton.

Nuptial

Nup"tial, n.; pl. Nuptials (. Marriage; wedding; nuptial ceremony; -- now only in the plural.
Celebration of that nuptial, which We two have sworn shall come. Shak.
Preparations . . . for the approaching nuptials. Prescott.

Nur

Nur (?), n. [Cf. Knur.] A hard knot in wood; also, a hard knob of wood used by boys in playing hockey.
I think I'm as hard as a nur, and as tough as whitleather. W. Howitt.

Nurl

Nurl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nurled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nurling.] [Cf. Knurl.] To cut with reeding or fluting on the edge of, as coins, the heads of screws, etc.; to knurl.

Nurse

Nurse (?), n. [OE. nourse, nurice, norice, OF. nurrice, norrice, nourrice, F. nourrice, fr. L. nutricia nurse, prop., fem. of nutricius that nourishes; akin to nutrix, -icis, nurse, fr. nutrire to nourish. See Nourish, and cf. Nutritious.]

1. One who nourishes; a person who supplies food, tends, or brings up; as: (a) A woman who has the care of young children; especially, one who suckles an infant not her own. (b) A person, especially a woman, who has the care of the sick or infirm.

2. One who, or that which, brings up, rears, causes to grow, trains, fosters, or the like.

The nurse of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise. Burke.

3. (Naut.) A lieutenant or first officer, who is the real commander when the captain is unfit for his place.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A peculiar larva of certain trematodes which produces cercari\'91 by asexual reproduction. See Cercaria, and Redia. (b) Either one of the nurse sharks. Nurse shark. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large arctic shark (Somniosus microcephalus), having small teeth and feeble jaws; -- called also sleeper shark, and ground shark. (b) A large shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), native of the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, having the dorsal fins situated behind the ventral fins. -- To put to nurse, ∨ To put out to nurse, to send away to be nursed; to place in the care of a nurse. -- Wet nurse, Dry nurse. See Wet nurse, and Dry nurse, in the Vocabulary.

Nurse

Nurse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nursing.]

1. To nourish; to cherish; to foster; as: (a) To nourish at the breast; to suckle; to feed and tend, as an infant. (b) To take care of or tend, as a sick person or an invalid; to attend upon.

Sons wont to nurse their parents in old age. Milton.
Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore, And nursed his youth along the marshy shore. Dryden.

2. To bring up; to raise, by care, from a weak or invalid condition; to foster; to cherish; -- applied to plants, animals, and to any object that needs, or thrives by, attention. "To nurse the saplings tall." Milton.

By what hands [has vice] been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion? Locke.

3. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; as, to nurse our national resources.

4. To caress; to fondle, as a nurse does. A. Trollope. To nurse billiard balls, to strike them gently and so as to keep them in good position during a series of caroms.

Nursehound

Nurse"hound` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Houndfish.

Nursemaid

Nurse"maid` (?), n. A girl employed to attend children.

Nursepond

Nurse"pond`, n. A pond where fish are fed. Walton.

Nurser

Nurs"er (?), n. One who nurses; a nurse; one who cherishes or encourages growth.

Nursery

Nurs"er*y (?), n.; pl. Nurseries (#). [Cf. F. nourricerie.]

1. The act of nursing. [Obs.] "Her kind nursery." Shak.

2. The place where nursing is carried on; as: (a) The place, or apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care of children. (b) A place where young trees, shrubs, vines, etc., are propagated for the purpose of transplanting; a plantation of young trees. (c) The place where anything is fostered and growth promoted. "Fair Padua, nursery of arts." Shak.

Christian families are the nurseries of the church on earth, as she is the nursery of the church in heaven. J. M. Mason.
(d) That which forms and educates; as, commerce is the nursery of seamen.

3. That which is nursed. [R.] Milton.

Nurseryman

Nurs"er*y*man (?), n.; pl. Nurserymen (. One who cultivates or keeps a nursery, or place for rearing trees, etc.

Nursing

Nurs"ing, a. Supplying or taking nourishment from, or as from, the breast; as, a nursing mother; a nursing infant.

Nursling

Nurs"ling (?), n. [Nurse + -ling.] One who, or that which, is nursed; an infant; a fondling.
I was his nursling once, and choice delight. Milton.

Nurstle

Nurs"tle (?), v. t. To nurse. See Noursle. [Obs.]

Nurture

Nur"ture (?), n. [OE. norture, noriture, OF. norriture, norreture, F. nourriture, fr. L. nutritura a nursing, suckling. See Nourish.]

1. The act of nourishing or nursing; thender care; education; training.

A man neither by nature nor by nurture wise. Milton.

2. That which nourishes; food; diet. Spenser.

Nurture

Nur"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nurtured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nurturing.]

1. To feed; to nourish.

2. To educate; to bring or train up.

He was nurtured where he had been born. Sir H. Wotton.
Syn. -- To nourish; nurse; cherish; bring up; educate; tend. -- To Nurture, Nourish, Cherish. Nourish denotes to supply with food, or cause to grow; as, to nourish a plant, to nourish rebellion. To nurture is to train up with a fostering care, like that of a mother; as, to nurture into strength; to nurture in sound principles. To cherish is to hold and treat as dear; as, to cherish hopes or affections.

Nustle

Nus"tle (?), v. t. [Cf. Nuzzle.] To fondle; to cherish. [Obs.]

Nut

Nut (?), n. [OE. nute, note, AS. hnutu; akin to D. noot, G. nuss, OHG. nuz, Icel. hnot, Sw. n\'94t, Dan. n\'94d.]

1. (Bot.) The fruit of certain trees and shrubs (as of the almond, walnut, hickory, beech, filbert, etc.), consisting of a hard and indehiscent shell inclosing a kernel.

2. A perforated block (usually a small piece of metal), provided with an internal or female screw thread, used on a bolt, or screw, for tightening or holding something, or for transmitting motion. See Illust. of lst Bolt.

3. The tumbler of a gunlock. Knight.

4. (Naut.) A projection on each side of the shank of an anchor, to secure the stock in place. Check nut, Jam nut, Lock nut, a nut which is screwed up tightly against another nut on the same bolt or screw, in order to prevent accidental unscrewing of the first nut. -- Nut buoy. See under Buoy. -- Nut coal, screened coal of a size smaller than stove coal and larger than pea coal; -- called also chestnut coal. -- Nut crab (Zo\'94l.), any leucosoid crab of the genus Ebalia as, Ebalia tuberosa of Europe. -- Nut grass (Bot.), a plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus rotundus, var. Hydra), which has slender rootstocks bearing small, nutlike tubers, by which the plant multiplies exceedingly, especially in cotton fields. -- Nut lock, a device, as a metal plate bent up at the corners, to prevent a nut from becoming unscrewed, as by jarring.<-- = lock nut --> -- Nut pine. (Bot.) See under Pine. -- Nut rush (Bot.), a genus of cyperaceous plants (Scleria) having a hard bony achene. Several species are found in the United States and many more in tropical regions. -- Nut tree, a tree that bears nuts. -- Nut weevil (Zo\'94l.), any species of weevils of the genus Balaninus and other allied genera, which in the larval state live in nuts.

Nut

Nut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nutting.] To gather nuts.

Nutant

Nu"tant (?), a. [L. nutans, p. pr. of nutare to nod, v. intens. fr. nuere (in comp.) to nod; cf. Gr. Nodding; having the top bent downward.

Nutation

Nu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. nutatio a nodding, fr. nutare to nod: cf. F. nutation.]

1. The act of nodding.

So from the midmost the nutation spreads, Round and more round, o'er all the sea of heads. Pope.

2. (Astron.) A very small libratory motion of the earth's axis, by which its inclination to the plane of the ecliptic is constantly varying by a small amount.

3. (Bot.) (a) The motion of a flower in following the apparent movement of the sun, from the east in the morning to the west in the evening. (b) Circumnutation.

Nutbreaker

Nut"break`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European nuthatch. (b) The nutcracker.

Nut-brown

Nut"-brown` (?), a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried. "The spicy nutbrown ale." Milton.

Nutcracker

Nut"crack`er (?), n.

1. An instrument for cracking nuts.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European bird (Nucifraga caryocatactes), allied to the magpie and crow. Its color is dark brown, spotted with white. It feeds on nuts, seeds, and insects. (b) The American, or Clarke's, nutcracker (Picicorvus Columbianus) of Western North America.

Nutgall

Nut"gall` (?), n. A more or less round gall resembling a nut, esp. one of those produced on the oak and used in the arts. See Gall, Gallnut.

Nuthatch

Nut"hatch` (?), n. [OE. nuthake. See 2d Hack.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of birds of the genus Sitta, as the European species (Sitta Europ\'91a). The white-breasted nuthatch (S. Carolinensis), the red-breasted nuthatch (S. Canadensis), the pygmy nuthatch (S. pygm\'91a), and others, are American.

Nuthook

Nut"hook` (?), n.

1. A hook at the end of a pole to pull down boughs for gathering the nuts.

2. A thief who steals by means of a hook; also, a bailiff who hooks or seizes malefactors. Shak.

Nutjobber

Nut"job`ber (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The nuthatch. [Prov. Eng.]

Nutlet

Nut"let (?), n. (Bot.) A small nut; also, the stone of a drupe.

Nutmeg

Nut"meg (?), n. [OE. notemuge; note nut + OF. muge musk, of the same origin as E. musk; cf. OF. noix muguette nutmeg, F. noix muscade. See Nut, and Musk.] (Bot.) The kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans), a native of the Molucca Islands, but cultivated elsewhere in the tropics. &hand; This fruit is a nearly spherical drupe, of the size of a pear, of a yellowish color without and almost white within. This opens into two nearly equal longitudinal valves, inclosing the nut surrounded by its aril, which is mace The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to the taste and smell, and much used in cookery. Other species of Myristica yield nutmegs of inferior quality. American, Calabash, ∨ Jamaica, nutmeg, the fruit of a tropical shrub (Monodora Myristica). It is about the size of an orange, and contains many aromatic seeds imbedded in pulp. -- Brazilian nutmeg, the fruit of a lauraceous tree, Cryptocarya moschata. -- California nutmeg, tree of the Yew family (Torreya Californica), growing in the Western United States, and having a seed which resembles a nutmeg in appearance, but is strongly impregnated with turpentine. -- Clove nutmeg, the Ravensara aromatica, a laura ceous tree of Madagascar. The foliage is used as a spice, but the seed is acrid and caustic. -- Jamaica nutmeg. See American nutmeg (above). -- Nutmeg bird (Zo\'94l.), an Indian finch (Munia punctularia). -- Nutmeg butter, a solid oil extracted from the nutmeg by expression. -- Nutmeg flower (Bot.), a ranunculaceous herb (Nigella sativa) with small black aromatic seeds, which are used medicinally and for excluding moths from furs and clothing. -- Nutmeg liver (Med.), a name applied to the liver, when, as the result of heart or lung disease, it undergoes congestion and pigmentation about the central veins of its lobules, giving it an appearance resembling that of a nutmeg. -- Nutmeg melon (Bot.), a small variety of muskmelon of a rich flavor. -- Nutmeg pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of pigeons of the genus Myristicivora, native of the East Indies and Australia. The color is usually white, or cream-white, with black on the wings and tail. -- Nutmeg wood (Bot.), the wood of the Palmyra palm. -- Peruvian nutmeg, the aromatic seed of a South American tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), a spicy tree of Australia (Atherosperma moschata).

Nutmegged

Nut"megged (?), a. Seasoned with nutmeg.

Nutpecker

Nut"peck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The nuthatch.

Nutria

Nu"tri*a (?), n. [Sp. nutria an otter, fr. L. lutra, lytra.] The fur of the coypu. See Coypu.

Nutrication

Nu`tri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nutricatio, fr. nutricare, nutricari, to suckle, nourish, fr. nutrix a nurse.] The act or manner of feeding. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Nutrient

Nu"tri*ent (?), a. [L. nutriens, p. pr. of nutrire. See Nourish.] Nutritious; nourishing; promoting growth. -- n. Any substance which has nutritious qualities, i. e., which nourishes or promotes growth.

Nutriment

Nu"tri*ment (?), n. [L. nutrimentum, fr. nutrire to nourish. See Nourish.]

1. That which nourishes; anything which promotes growth and repairs the natural waste of animal or vegetable life; food; aliment.

The stomach returns what it has received, in strength and nutriment diffused into all parts of the body. South.

2. That which promotes development or growth.

Is not virtue in mankind The nutriment that feeds the mind ? Swift.

Nutrimental

Nu`tri*men"tal (?), a. Nutritious.

Nutritial

Nu*tri"tial (?), a. Pertaining to, or connected with, nutrition; nutritious. [Obs.] Chapman.

Nutrition

Nu*tri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nutrition. See Nutritious.]

1. (Physiol.) In the broadest sense, a process or series of processes by which the living organism as a whole (or its component parts or organs) is maintained in its normal condition of life and growth. &hand; In this wide sense it comprehends digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, etc., in fact all of the steps by which the nutritive matter of the food is fitted for incorporation with the different tissues, and the changes which it undergoes after its assimilation, prior to its excretion. See Metabolism.

2. (Physiol.) In a more limited sense, the process by which the living tissues take up, from the blood, matters necessary either for their repair or for the performance of their healthy functions.

3. That which nourishes; nutriment.

Fixed like a plant, on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. Pope.

Nutritional

Nu*tri"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to nutrition; as, nutritional changes.

Nutritious

Nu*tri"tious (?), a. [L. nutricius, nutritius, from nutrix, -icis, a nurse, nutrire to nourish. See Nurse, Nourish.] Nourishing; promoting growth, or preventing decay; alimental. -- Nu*tri"tious*ly, adv. -- Nu*tri"tious*ness, n.

Nutritive

Nu"tri*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. nutritif.] Of or pertaining to nutrition; as, the nutritive functions; having the quality of nourishing; nutritious; nutrimental; alimental; as, nutritive food or berries. Nutritive plasma. (Biol.) See Idioplasma. -- Nutritive polyp (Zo\'94l.), any one of the zooids of a compound hydroid, or coral, which has a mouth and digestive cavity. -- Nu"tri*tive*ly, adv. -- Nu"tri*tive*ness, n.

Nutriture

Nu"tri*ture (?), n. [L. nutritura, fr. nutrir to nourish.] Nutrition; nourishment. [Obs.] Harvey.

Nutshell

Nut"shell` (?), n.

1. The shell or hard external covering in which the kernel of a nut is inclosed.

2. Hence, a thing of little compass, or of little value.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus Nucula. To be, ∨ lie, in a nutshell, to be within a small compass; to admit of very brief or simple determination or statement. "The remedy lay in a nutshell." Macaulay.

Nutter

Nut"ter (?), n. A gatherer of nuts.

Nutting

Nut"ting (?), n. The act of gathering nuts.

Nutty

Nut"ty (?), a.

1. Abounding in nuts.

2. Having a flavor like that of nuts; as, nutty wine.

Nux vomica

Nux` vom"i*ca (?). [NL., fr. L. nux vomere to vomit.] The seed of Strychnos Nuxvomica, a tree which abounds on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts of the East Indies. From this seed the deadly poisons known as strychnine and brucine are obtained. The seeds are sometimes called Quaker buttons.

Nuzzle

Nuz"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nuzzied (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Nuzzling (?).] [See Noursle.]

1. To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up. [Obs.]

The people had been nuzzled in idolatry. Milton.

2. [Perh. a corruption of nestle. Cf. Nustle.] To nestle; to house, as in a nest.

Page 988

Nuzzle

Nuz"zle (?), v. i. [Dim. fr. nose. See Nozzle.]

1. To work with the nose, like a swine in the mud.

And nuzzling in his flank, the loving swine Sheathed, unaware, the tusk in his soft groin. Shak.
He charged through an army of lawyers, sometimes . . . nuzzling like an eel in the mud. Arbuthnot.

2. To go with head poised like a swine, with nose down.

Sir Roger shook his ears, and nuzzled along. Arbuthnot.

3. [Cf. Nuzzle, v. t., 2.] To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom; to nestle.

4. To loiter; to idle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Ny

Ny (?). [Contr. fr. ne I.] Not I; nor I. [Obs.]

Ny, Nye

Ny, Nye (?), a. & adv. Nigh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nyas

Ny"as (?), n. See Nias.

Nyctalopia

Nyc`ta*lo"pi*a (?), n. [L. nyctalopia, fr. nyctalops a nyctalops, Gr. (Med.) (a) A disease of the eye, in consequence of which the patient can see well in a faint light or at twilight, but is unable to see during the day or in a strong light; day blindness. (b) See Moonblink. &hand; Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, night blindness. See Hemeralopia.

Nyctalops

Nyc"ta*lops (?), n. [L., from Gr. One afflicted with nyctalopia.

Nyctalopy

Nyc"ta*lo`py (?), n. Same as Nyctalopia.

Nycthemeron

Nyc*the"me*ron (?), n. [Gr. The natural day and night, or space of twenty-four hours.

Nyctibune

Nyc"ti*bune (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird of the genus Nyctibius, allied to the goatsuckers.

Nyctitropic

Nyc`ti*trop"ic (?), a. [From Gr. (Bot.) Turning or bending at night into special positions. &hand; Nyctitropic movements of plants usually consist in a folding or drooping of the leaves, the advantage being in lessening the radiation of heat.

Nyctophile

Nyc"to*phile (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any Australian bat of the genus Nyctophilus, having a very simple nasal appendage.

Nye

Nye (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. nid nest, brood, L. nidus nest. See Nest, and cf. Eye brood, Nide.] A brood or flock of pheasants.

Nyentek

Ny*en"tek (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous mannual (Helictis moscatus, or H. orientalis), native of Eastern Asia and the Indies. It has a dorsal white stripe, and another one across the shoulders. It has a strong musky odor.

Nylghau, Nylgau

Nyl"ghau, Nyl"gau (?), n. [Hind. & Per. n\'c6lg\'bew, prop., a blue cow; Per. n\'c6l blue + g\'bew cow. See Lilac, and Cow the animal.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic antelope (Boselaphus, ∨ Portax, tragocamelus), found in Northern India. It has short horns, a black mane, and a bunch of long hair on the throat. The general color is grayish brown. [Written also neelghau, nilgau, and nylghaie.]

Nymph

Nymph (?), n. [L. nympha nymph, bride, young woman, Gr. nymphe. Cf. Nuptial.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters.

Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas ? Milton.

2. Hence: A lovely young girl; a maiden; a damsel.

Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remembered. Shak.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The pupa of an insect; a chrysalis.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a subfamily (Najades) of butterflies including the purples, the fritillaries, the peacock butterfly, etc.; -- called also naiad.

Nympha

Nym"pha (?), n.; pl. Nymph (#). [L. See Nymph a goddess.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nymph, 3.

2. pl. (Anat.) Two folds of mucous membrane, within the labia, at the opening of the vulva.

Nymph\'91a

Nym*ph\'91"a (?), n. [L., the water lily, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of aquatic plants having showy flowers (white, blue, pink, or yellow, often fragrant), including the white water lily and the Egyptia lotus. &hand; Recent critics have endeavored to show that this genus should be called Castalia, and the name Nymph\'91a transferred to what is now known as Nuphar.

Nymphal

Nymph"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a nymph or nymphs; nymphean.

Nymphales

Nym*pha"les (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive family of butterflies including the nymphs, the satyrs, the monarchs, the heliconias, and others; -- called also brush-footed butterflies.

Nymphean

Nym*phe"an (?), a. [Gr. Nymph.] Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, nymphs; inhabited by nymphs; as, a nymphean cave.

Nymphet

Nymph"et (?), n. A little or young nymph. [Poetic] "The nymphets sporting there." Drayton.

Nymphic, Nymphical

Nymph"ic (?), Nymph"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to nymphs.

Nymphiparous

Nym*phip"a*rous (?), a. [Nymph + L. parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing pupas or nymphs.

Nymphish

Nymph"ish (?), a. Relating to nymphs; ladylike. "Nymphish war." Drayton.

Nymphlike, Nymphly

Nymph"like` (?), Nymph"ly (?), a. Resembling, or characteristic of, a nymph.

Nympholepsy

Nym"pho*lep`sy (?), n. [Gr. A species of demoniac enthusiasm or possession coming upon one who had accidentally looked upon a nymph; ecstasy. [R.] De Quincey.
The nympholepsy of some fond despair. Byron.

Nympholeptic

Nym`pho*lep"tic (?), a. Under the influence of nympholepsy; ecstatic; frenzied. [Poetic]

Nymphomania

Nym`pho*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Morbid and uncontrollable sexual desire in women, constituting a true disease.

Nymphomany

Nym"pho*ma`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. nymphomanie.] (Med.) Same as Nymphomania.

Nymphotomy

Nym*phot"o*my (?), n. [Nympha + Gr. (Med.) Excision of the nymph\'91.

Nys

Nys (?). Is not. See Nis. Chaucer. Spenser.

Nystagmus

Nys*tag"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A rapid involuntary oscillation of the eyeballs.

Nyula

Ny*u"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of ichneumon (Herpestes nyula). Its fur is beautifully variegated by closely set zigzag markings. O.

O

O (?).

1. O, the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, derives its form, value, and name from the Greek O, through the Latin. The letter came into the Greek from the Ph&oe;nician, which possibly derived it ultimately from the Egyptian. Etymologically, the letter o is most closely related to a, e, and u; as in E. bone, AS. b\'ben; E. stone, AS. st\'ben; E. broke, AS. brecan to break; E. bore, AS. beran to bear; E. dove, AS. d&umac;fe; E. toft, tuft; tone, tune; number, F. nombre. The letter o has several vowel sounds, the principal of which are its long sound, as in bone, its short sound, as in nod, and the sounds heard in the words orb, son, do (feod), and wolf (book). In connection with the other vowels it forms several digraphs and diphthongs. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 107-129.

2. Among the ancients, O was a mark of triple time, from the notion that the ternary, or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure. O was also anciently used to represent 11: with a dash over it (O O (?), n.; pl. O's ∨ Oes (.

1. The letter O, or its sound. "Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes." Tennyson.

2. Something shaped like the letter O; a circle or oval. "This wooden O [Globe Theater]". Shak.

3. A cipher; zero. [R.]

Thou art an O without a figure. Shak.

O'.

O'. [Ir. o a descendant.] A prefix to Irish family names, which signifies grandson or descendant of, and is a character of dignity; as, O'Neil, O'Carrol.

O'

O' (?), prep. A shortened form of of or on. "At the turning o' the tide." Shak.

O

O (?), a. [See One.] One. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Alle thre but o God." Piers Plowman.

O

O (?), interj. An exclamation used in calling or directly addressing a person or personified object; also, as an emotional or impassioned exclamation expressing pain, grief, surprise, desire, fear, etc.
For ever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven. Ps. cxix. 89.
O how love I thy law ! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97.
&hand; O is frequently followed by an ellipsis and that, an in expressing a wish: "O [I wish] that Ishmael might live before thee !" Gen. xvii. 18; or in expressions of surprise, indignation, or regret: "O [it is sad] that such eyes should e'er meet other object !" Sheridan Knowles. &hand; A distinction between the use of O and oh is insisted upon by some, namely, that O should be used only in direct address to a person or personified object, and should never be followed by the exclamation point, while Oh (or oh) should be used in exclamations where no direct appeal or address to an object is made, and may be followed by the exclamation point or not, according to the nature or construction of the sentence. Some insist that oh should be used only as an interjection expressing strong feeling. The form O, however, is, it seems, the one most commonly employed for both uses by modern writers and correctors for the press. "O, I am slain !" Shak. "O what a fair and ministering angel !" "O sweet angel !" Longfellow.
O for a kindling touch from that pure flame ! Wordsworth.
But she is in her grave, -- and oh The difference to me ! Wordsworth.
Oh for a lodge in some vast wilderness ! Cowper.
We should distinguish between the sign of the vocative and the emotional interjection, writing O for the former, and oh for the latter. Earle.
O dear, ∧ O dear me! [corrupted fr. F. O Dieu! or It. O Dio! O God! O Dio mio! O my God! Wyman], exclamations expressive of various emotions, but usually promoted by surprise, consternation, grief, pain, etc.

Oad

Oad (?), n. See Woad. [Obs.] Coles.

Oaf

Oaf (?), n. [See Auf.] Originally, an elf's child; a changeling left by fairies or goblins; hence, a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an idiot.

Oafish

Oaf"ish, a. Like an oaf; simple. -- Oaf"ish*ness, n.

Oak

Oak (?), n. [OE. oke, ok, ak, AS. \'bec; akin to D. eik, G. eiche, OHG. eih, Icel. eik, Sw. ek, Dan. eeg.]

1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an acorn, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the silver grain.

2. The strong wood or timber of the oak. &hand; Among the true oaks in America are: Barren oak, or Black-jack, Q. nigra. -- Basket oak, Q. Michauxii. -- Black oak, Q. tinctoria: -- called also yellow or quercitron oak. -- Bur oak (see under Bur.), Q. macrocarpa; -- called also over-cup or mossy-cup oak. -- Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus and Q. densiflora. -- Chinquapin oak (see under Chinquapin), Q. prinoides. -- Coast live oak, Q. agrifolia, of California; -- also called enceno. -- Live oak (see under Live), Q. virens, the best of all for shipbuilding; also, Q. Chrysolepis, of California. -- Pin oak. Same as Swamp oak. -- Post oak, Q. obtusifolia. -- Red oak, Q. rubra. -- Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea. -- Scrub oak, Q. ilicifolia, Q. undulata, etc. -- Shingle oak, Q. imbricaria. -- Spanish oak, Q. falcata. -- Swamp Spanish oak, or Pin oak, Q. palustris. -- Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor. -- Water oak, Q. aguatica. -- Water white oak, Q. lyrata. -- Willow oak, Q. Phellos. Among the true oaks in Europe are: Bitter oak, ∨ Turkey oak, Q. Cerris (see Cerris). -- Cork oak, Q. Suber. -- English white oak, Q. Robur. -- Evergreen oak, Holly oak, ∨ Holm oak, Q. Ilex. -- Kermes oak, Q. coccifera. -- Nutgall oak, Q. infectoria. &hand; Among plants called oak, but not of the genus Quercus, are: African oak, a valuable timber tree (Oldfieldia Africana). -- Australian, ∨ She, oak, any tree of the genus Casuarina (see Casuarina). -- Indian oak, the teak tree (see Teak). -- Jerusalem oak. See under Jerusalem. -- New Zealand oak, a sapindaceous tree (Alectryon excelsum). -- Poison oak, the poison ivy. See under Poison. -- Silky, ∨ Silk-bark, oak, an Australian tree (Grevillea robusta). Green oak, oak wood colored green by the growth of the mycelium of certain fungi. -- Oak apple, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly (Cynips confluens). It is green and pulpy when young. -- Oak beauty (Zo\'94l.), a British geometrid moth (Biston prodromaria) whose larva feeds on the oak. -- Oak gall, a gall found on the oak. See 2d Gall. -- Oak leather (Bot.), the mycelium of a fungus which forms leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood. -- Oak pruner. (Zo\'94l.) See Pruner, the insect. -- Oak spangle, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect Diplolepis lenticularis. -- Oak wart, a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak. -- The Oaks, one of the three great annual English horse races (the Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was instituted in 1779 by the Earl of Derby, and so called from his estate. -- To sport one's oak, to be "not at home to visitors," signified by closing the outer (oaken) door of one's rooms. [Cant, Eng. Univ.]

Oaken

Oak"en (?), a. [AS. \'becen.] Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks. "In oaken bower." Milton.
Oaken timber, wherewith to build ships. Bacon.

Oaker

Oak"er (?), n. See Ocher. [Obs.] Spenser.

Oakling

Oak"ling (?), n. A young oak. Evelyn.
Page 989

Oakum

Oak"um (?), n. [AS. \'becumba; pref. er-, Goth. us-, orig. meaning, out) + cemban to comb, camb comb. See Comb.]

1. The material obtained by untwisting and picking into loose fiber old hemp ropes; -- used for calking the seams of ships, stopping leaks, etc.

2. The coarse portion separated from flax or hemp in nackling. Knight. White oakum, that made from untarred rope.

Oaky

Oak"y (?), n. Resembling oak; strong. Bp. Hall.

Oar

Oar (?), n [AS. \'ber; akin to Icel. \'ber, Dan. aare, Sw. \'86ra; perh. akin to E. row, v. Cf. Rowlock.]

1. An implement for impelling a boat, being a slender piece of timber, usually ash or spruce, with a grip or handle at one end and a broad blade at the other. The part which rests in the rowlock is called the loom. &hand; An oar is a kind of long paddle, which swings about a kind of fulcrum, called a rowlock, fixed to the side of the boat.

2. An oarsman; a rower; as, he is a good car.

3. (Zo\'94l.) An oarlike swimming organ of various invertebrates. Oar cock (Zo\'94l), the water rail. [Prov. Eng.] -- Spoon oar, an oar having the blade so curved as to afford a better hold upon the water in rowing. -- To boat the oars, to cease rowing, and lay the oars in the boat. -- To feather the oars. See under Feather., v. t. -- To lie on the oars, to cease pulling, raising the oars out of water, but not boating them; to cease from work of any kind; to be idle; to rest. -- To muffle the oars, to put something round that part which rests in the rowlock, to prevent noise in rowing. -- To put in one's oar, to give aid or advice; -- commonly used of a person who obtrudes aid or counsel not invited. -- To ship the oars, to place them in the rowlocks. -- To toss the oars, To peak the oars, to lift them from the rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the bottom of the boat. -- To trail oars, to allow them to trail in the water alongside of the boat. -- To unship the oars, to take them out of the rowlocks.

Oar

Oar, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Oared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oaring.] To row. "Oared himself." Shak.
Oared with laboring arms. Pope.

Oared

Oared (?), a.

1. Furnished with oars; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a four-oared boat.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having feet adapted for swimming. (b) Totipalmate; -- said of the feet of certain birds. See Illust. of Aves. Oared shrew (Zo\'94l.), an aquatic European shrew (Crossopus ciliatus); -- called also black water shrew.

Oatcake

Oat"cake (?), n. A cake made of oatmeal.

Oaten

Oat"en (?), a.

1. Consisting of an oat straw or stem; as, an oaten pipe. Milton.

2. Made of oatmeal; as, oaten cakes.

Oath

Oath (?), n.; pl. Oaths (#). [OE. othe, oth, ath, AS. \'be; akin to D. eed, OS. \'c7, G. eid, Icel. ei, Sw. ed, Dan. eed, Goth. ai; cf. OIr. oeth.]

1. A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. "I have an oath in heaven" Shak.

An oath of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we think fit to keep secret. Bacon.

2. A solemn affirmation, connected with a sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the temple, the altar, the blood of Abel, the Bible, the Koran, etc.

3. (Law) An appeal (in verification of a statement made) to a superior sanction, in such a form as exposes the party making the appeal to an indictment for perjury if the statement be false.

4. A careless and blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or anything divine or sacred, by way of appeal or as a profane exclamation or ejaculation; an expression of profane swearing. "A terrible oath" Shak.

Oathable

Oath"a*ble (?), a. Capable of having an oath administered to. [Obs.] Shak.

Oathbreaking

Oath"break`ing (?), n. The violation of an oath; perjury. Shak

Oatmeal

Oat"meal` (?), n.

1. Meal made of oats. Gay.

2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass.

Ob-

Ob- (?). [L. ob, prep. Cf. Epi-.] A prefix signifying to, toward, before, against, reversely, etc.; also, as a simple intensive; as in oblige, to bind to; obstacle, something standing before; object, lit., to throw against; obovate, reversely, ovate. Ob- is commonly assimilated before c, f, g, and p, to oc-, of-, og-, and op-.

Obcompressed

Ob"com*pressed" (?). a. [Pref. ob- + compressed.] Compressed or flattened antero-posteriorly, or in a way opposite to the usual one.

Obconic, Obconical

Ob*con"ic (?), Ob*con"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. ob- + conic, conical.] Conical, but having the apex downward; inversely conical.

Obcordate

Ob*cor"date (?), a. [Pref. ob- + cordate.] Heart-shaped, with the attachment at the pointed end; inversely cordate: as, an obcordate petal or leaf.

Obdiplostemonous

Ob*dip`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Pref. ob- + diplostemonous.] (Bot.) Having twice as many stamens as petals, those of the outer set being opposite the petals; -- said of flowers. Gray.

Obdiplostemony

Ob*dip"lo*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being obdiplostemonous.

Obdormition

Ob"dor*mi"tion (?), n. [L. obdormire to fall asleep.] Sleep. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Obduce

Ob*duce" (?), v. t. [L. obducere, obductum; ob (see Ob-) + ducere to lead.] To draw over, as a covering. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Obduct

Ob*duct" (, v. t. [See Obduce.] To draw over; to cover. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Obduction

Ob*duc"tion (?), n. [L.obductio.] .The act of drawing or laying over, as a covering. [Obs.]

Obduracy

Ob"du*ra*cy (?), n. The duality or state of being obdurate; invincible hardness of heart; obstinacy. "Obduracy and persistency." Shak.
The absolute completion of sin in final obduracy. South.

Obdurate

Ob"du*rate (?), a. [L. obduratus, p. p. of obdurare to harden; ob (see Ob-)+ durare to harden, durus hard. See Dure.]

1. Hardened in feelings, esp. against moral or mollifying influences; unyielding; hard-hearted; stubbornly wicked.

The very custom of evil makes the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary. Hooker.
Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel, Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth? Shak.

2. Hard; harsh; rugged; rough; intractable. "Obdurate consonants." Swift. &hand; Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets.

There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart. Cowper.
Syn. -- Hard; firm; unbending; inflexible; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate; impenitent; callous; unfeeling; insensible; unsusceptible. -- Obdurate, Callous, Hardened. Callous denotes a deadening of the sensibilities; as. a callous conscience. Hardened implies a general and settled disregard for the claims of interest, duty, and sympathy; as, hardened in vice. Obdurate implies an active resistance of the heart and will aganst the pleadings of compassion and humanity. -- Ob"du*rate*ly (#), adv. -- Ob"du*rate*ness, n.

Obdurate

Ob"du*rate (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.]

Obduration

Ob"du*ra"tion (?), n. [L. obduratio.] A hardening of the heart; hardness of heart. [Obs.]

Obdure

Ob*dure" (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.] Milton.

Obdure, Obdured

Ob*dure" (?), Ob*dured" (?), a. Obdurate; hard. [Obs.]
This saw his hapless foes, but stood obdured. Milton.

Obdureness, n., Obduredness

Ob*dure"ness, n., Ob*dur"ed*ness (?), n. Hardness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Obbe

Ob"be (?), n. See Obi.

Obeah

O*be"ah (?). n. Same as Obi. -- a. Of or pertaining to obi; as, the obeah man. B. Edwards.

Obedible

O*be"di*ble (?), a. Obedient. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Obedience

O*be"di*ence (?), n. [F. ob\'82dience, L. obedientia, oboedientia. See Obedient, and cf.Obeisance.]

1. The act of obeying, or the state of being obedient; compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control.

Government must compel the obedience of individuals. Ames.

2. Words or actions denoting submission to authority; dutifulness. Shak.

3. (Eccl.) (a) A following; a body of adherents; as, the Roman Catholic obedience, or the whole body of persons who submit to the authority of the pope. (b) A cell (or offshoot of a larger monastery) governed by a prior. (c) One of the three monastic vows. Shipley. (d) The written precept of a superior in a religious order or congregation to a subject. Canonical obedience. See under Canonical. -- Passive obedience. See under Passive.

Obedienciary

O*be`di*en"ci*a*ry (?), n. One yielding obedience. [Obs.] Foxe.

Obedient

O*be"di*ent (?), a. [OF. obedient, L. obediens, oboediens, -entis. p.pr. of obedire, oboedire, to obey. See Obey.] Subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey; submissive to restraint, control, or command.
And floating straight, obedient to the stream. Shak.
The chief his orders gives; the obedient band, With due observance, wait the chief's command. Pope.
Syn. -- Dutiful; respectful; compliant; submissive.

Obediential

O*be`di*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. ob\'82dientiel.] According to the rule of obedience. [R.]
An obediental subjection to the Lord of Nature. Sir M. Hale.

Obediently

O*be"di*ent*ly (?), adv. In an obedient manner; with obedience.

Obeisance

O*bei"sance (?), n. [F. ob\'82issance obedience, fr. ob\'82issant. See Obey, and cf. Obedience, Abaisance.]

1. Obedience. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A manifestation of obedience; an expression of difference or respect; homage; a bow; a courtesy.

Bathsheba bowed and did obeisance unto the king. 1 Kings i. 16.

Obeisancy

O*bei"san*cy (?), n. See Obeisance. [Obs.]

Obeisant

O*bei"sant (?), a. [F. ob\'82issant, p.pr. of ob\'82ir to obey.] Ready to obey; reverent; differential; also, servilely submissive.

Obelion

O*be"li*on (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The region of the skull between the two parietal foramina where the closure of the sagittal suture usually begins.

Obeliscal

Ob`e*lis"cal (?), a. Formed like an obelisk.

Obelisk

Ob"e*lisk (?), n. [L. obeliscus, Gr. ob\'82lisque.]

1. An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and terminating in a pyramid called pyramidion. It is ordinarily monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic writing from top to bottom.

2. (Print.) A mark of reference; -- called also dagger [&dag;]. See Dagger, n., 2.

Obelisk

Ob"e*lisk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obelisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obelisking.] To mark or designate with an obelisk.

Obelize

Ob"e*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obelizing (?).] [Gr. Obelus.] To designate with an obelus; to mark as doubtful or spirituous. [R.]

Obelus

Ob"e*lus (?), n.; pl. Obeli (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Print.) A mark [thus —, or \'f6]; -- so called as resembling a needle. In old MSS. or editions of the classics, it marks suspected passages or readings.

Obequitate

Ob*eq"ui*tate (?), v. i. [L. obequitatus, p.p. of obequitare to ride about.] To ride about. [Obs.] -- Ob*eq`ui*ta"tion (#), n. [Obs.] Cockerman.

Oberon

Ob"er*on (?), n. [F., fr. OF. Auberon; prob. of Frankish origin.] (Medi\'91val Mythol.) The king of the fairies, and husband of Titania or Queen Mab. Shak.

Oberration

Ob`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. oberrate to wander about.] A wandering about. [Obs.] Jonhson.

Obese

O*bese" (?). a. [L. obesus eaten away, lean; also, that has eaten itself fat, fat, stout, p.p. of obedere to devour; ob (see Ob-) + edere to eat. See Eat.] Excessively corpulent; fat; fleshy.

Obeseness

O*bese"ness, n. Quality of being obese; obesity.

Obesity

O*bes"i*ty (?), n.[L. obesitas: cf.F. ob\'82sit\'82.] The state or quality of being obese; incumbrance of flesh.

Obey

O*bey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obeying.] [OE. obeyen, F. ob\'82ir, fr. L. obedire, oboedire; ob (see Ob-) + audire to hear. See Audible, and cf. Obeisance.]

1. To give ear to; to execute the commands of; to yield submission to; to comply with the orders of.

Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.
Was she the God, that her thou didst obey? Milton.

2. To submit to the authority of; to be ruled by.

My will obeyed his will. Chaucer.
Afric and India shall his power obey. Dryden.

3. To yield to the impulse, power, or operation of; as, a ship obeys her helm.

Obey

O*bey", v. i. To give obedience.
Will he obey when one commands? Tennyson.
&hand; By some old writers obey was used, as in the French idiom, with the preposition to.
His servants ye are, to whom ye obey. Rom. vi. 16.
He commanded the trumpets to sound: to which the two brave knights obeying, they performed their courses. Sir. P. Sidney.

Obeyer

O*bey"er (?), n. One who yields obedience. Holland.

Obeyingly

O*bey"ing*ly, adv. Obediently; submissively.

Obfirm, Obfirmate

Ob*firm" (?), Ob*firm"ate (?), v. t. [L. obfirmatus, p.p. of obfirmare to make steadfast. See Ob-, and Firm, v. t.] To make firm; to harden in resolution. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Sheldon.

Obfirmation

Ob"fir*ma"tion (?), n. [LL. obfirmatio.] Hardness of heart; obduracy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Obfuscate

Ob*fus"cate (?), a. [L. obfuscatus, p.p. of obfuscare to darken; ob (see Ob-) + fuscare, fuscatum, to darken, from fuscus dark.] Obfuscated; darkened; obscured. [Obs.] [Written also offuscate.] Sir. T. Elyot.

Obfuscate

Ob*fus"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obfuscated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obfuscating.] To darken; to obscure; to becloud; hence, to confuse; to bewilder.
His head, like a smokejack, the funnel unswept, and the ideas whirling round and round about in it, all obfuscated and darkened over with fuliginous matter. Sterne.
Clouds of passion which might obfuscate the intellects of meaner females. Sir. W. Scott.
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Obfuscation

Ob`fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L. obfuscatio.] The act of darkening or bewildering; the state of being darkened. "Obfuscation of the cornea." E. Darwin.

Obi

O"bi (?), n. [Prob. of African origin.]

1. A species of sorcery, probably of African origin, practiced among the negroes of the West Indies. [Written also obe and obeah.] De Quincey. B. Edwards. <-- 2. (Japanese) a belt-like sash worn around a woman's kimono -->

2. A charm or fetich. [West Indies] B. Edwards.

Obimbricate

Ob*im"bri*cate (?), a. [Pref. ob- + imbricate.] (Bot.) Imbricated, with the overlapping ends directed downward.

Obit

O"bit (?), n. [OF. obit, L. obitus, fr. obire to go against, to go to meet, (sc.mortem) to die; ob (see Ob-) + ire to go. See Issue.]

1. Death; decease; the date of one's death. Wood.

2. A funeral solemnity or office; obsequies.

3. A service for the soul of a deceased person on the anniversary of the day of his death.

The emoluments and advantages from oblations, obits, and other sources, increased in value. Milman.
Post obit [L. post obitum]. See Post-obit.

Obiter

Ob"i*ter (?), adv. [L., on the way; ob (see Ob-) + iter a going, a walk, way.] In passing; incidentally; by the way. Obiter dictum (Law), an incidental and collateral opinion uttered by a judge. See Dictum, n., 2(a).

Obitual

O*bit"u*al (?), a. [L. obitus death. See Obit.] Of or pertaining to obits, or days when obits are celebrated; as, obitual days. Smart.

Obituarily

O*bit"u*a*ri*ly (?), adv. In the manner of an obituary.

Obiyuary

O*biy"u*a*ry (?), a. [See Obit.] Of or pertaining to the death of a person or persons; as, an obituary notice; obituary poetry.

Obituary

O*bit"u*a*ry, n.; pl. Obituaries (#). [Cf. F. obituaire. See Obit.]

1. That which pertains to, or is called forth by, the obit or death of a person; esp., an account of a deceased person; a notice of the death of a person, accompanied by a biographical sketch.

2. (R.C.Ch.) A list of the dead, or a register of anniversary days when service is performed for the dead.

Object

Ob*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Objected; p. pr. & vb. n. Objecting.] [L. objectus, p.p. of objicere, obicere, to throw or put before, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + jacere to throw: cf. objecter. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. To set before or against; to bring into opposition; to oppose. [Obs.]

Of less account some knight thereto object, Whose loss so great and harmful can not prove. Fairfax.
Some strong impediment or other objecting itself. Hooker.
Pallas to their eyes The mist objected, and condensed the skies. Pope.

2. To offer in opposition as a criminal charge or by way of accusation or reproach; to adduce as an objection or adverse reason.

He gave to him to object his heinous crime. Spencer.
Others object the poverty of the nation. Addison.
The book ... giveth liberty to object any crime against such as are to be ordered. Whitgift.

Object

Ob*ject", v. i. To make opposition in words or argument; -- usually followed by to. Sir. T. More.

Object

Ob"ject (?), n. [L. objectus. See Object, v. t.]

1. That which is put, or which may be regarded as put, in the way of some of the senses; something visible or tangible; as, he observed an object in the distance; all the objects in sight; he touched a strange object in the dark.

2. That which is set, or which may be regarded as set, before the mind so as to be apprehended or known; that of which the mind by any of its activities takes cognizance, whether a thing external in space or a conception formed by the mind itself; as, an object of knowledge, wonder, fear, thought, study, etc.

Object is a term for that about which the knowing subject is conversant; what the schoolmen have styled the "materia circa quam." Sir. W. Hamilton.
The object of their bitterest hatred. Macaulay.

3. That by which the mind, or any of its activities, is directed; that on which the purpose are fixed as the end of action or effort; that which is sought for; end; aim; motive; final cause.<-- = goal -->

Object, beside its proper signification, came to be abusively applied to denote motive, end, final cause.... This innovation was probably borrowed from the French. Sir. W. Hamilton.
Let our object be, our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country. D. Webster.

4. Sight; show; appearance; aspect. [Obs.] Shak.

He, advancing close Up to the lake, past all the rest, arose In glorious object. Chapman.

5. (Gram.) A word, phrase, or clause toward which an action is directed, or is considered to be directed; as, the object of a transitive verb. Object glass, the lens, or system of lenses, placed at the end of a telescope, microscope, etc., which is toward the object. Its office is to form an image of the object, which is then viewed by the eyepiece. Called also objective. See Illust. of Microscope. -- Object lesson, a lesson in which object teaching is made use of. -- Object staff. (Leveling) Same as Leveling staff. -- Object teaching, a method of instruction, in which illustrative objects are employed, each new word or idea being accompanied by a representation of that which it signifies; -- used especially in the kindergarten, for young children.

Object

Ob*ject" (?), a. [L. objectus, p. p.] Opposed; presented in opposition; also, exposed. [Obs.]

Objectable

Ob*ject"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be presented in opposition; that may be put forward as an objection. [R.]

Objectify

Ob*jec"ti*fy (?), v. t. [Object + -fy.] To cause to become an object; to cause to assume the character of an object; to render objective. J. D. Morell.

Objection

Ob*jec"tion (?), n. [L. objectio: cf. F. objection.]

1. The act of objecting; as, to prevent agreement, or action, by objection. Johnson.

2. That which is, or may be, presented in opposition; an adverse reason or argument; a reason for objecting; obstacle; impediment; as, I have no objection to going; unreasonable objections. "Objections against every truth." Tyndale.

3. Cause of trouble; sorrow. [Obs. or R.]

He remembers the objection that lies in his bosom, and he sighs deeply. Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Exception; difficulty; doubt; scruple.

Objectionable

Ob*jec"tion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to objection; likely to be objected to or disapproved of; offensive; as, objectionable words. -- Ob*jec"tion*a*bly, adv.

Objectist

Ob"ject*ist (?), n. One who adheres to, or is skilled in, the objective philosophy. Ed. Rev.

Objectivate

Ob*jec"ti*vate (?), v. t. To objectify.

Objectivation

Ob*jec`ti*va"tion (?), n. Converting into an object.

Objective

Ob*jec"tive (?), a. [Cf.F. objectif.]

1. Of or pertaining to an object.

2. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to an object; contained in, or having the nature or position of, an object; outward; external; extrinsic; -- an epithet applied to whatever ir exterior to the mind, or which is simply an object of thought or feeling, and opposed to subjective.

In the Middle Ages, subject meant substance, and has this sense in Descartes and Spinoza: sometimes, also, in Reid. Subjective is used by William of Occam to denote that which exists independent of mind; objective, what is formed by the mind. This shows what is meant by realitas objectiva in Descartes. Kant and Fichte have inverted the meanings. Subject, with them, is the mind which knows; object, that which is known; subjective, the varying conditions of the knowing mind; objective, that which is in the constant nature of the thing known. Trendelenburg.
Objective means that which belongs to, or proceeds from, the object known, and not from the subject knowing, and thus denotes what is real, in opposition to that which is ideal -- what exists in nature, in contrast to what exists merely in the thought of the individual. Sir. W. Hamilton.
Objective has come to mean that which has independent exostence or authority, apart from our experience or thought. Thus, moral law is said to have objective authority, that is, authority belonging to itself, and not drawn from anything in our nature. Calderwood (Fleming's Vocabulary).

3. (Gram.) Pertaining to, or designating, the case which follows a transitive verb or a preposition, being that case in which the direct object of the verb is placed. See Accusative, n. &hand; The objective case is frequently used without a governing word, esp. in designations of time or space, where a preposition, as at, in, on, etc., may be supplied.

My troublous dream [on] this night make me sad. Shak.
To write of victories [in or for] next year. Hudibras.
Objective line (Perspective), a line drawn on the geometrical plane which is represented or sought to be represented. -- Objective plane (Perspective), any plane in the horizontal plane that is represented. -- Objective point, the point or result to which the operations of an army are directed. By extension, the point or purpose to which anything, as a journey or an argument, is directed. Syn. -- Objective, Subjective. Objective is applied to things exterior to the mind, and objects of its attention; subjective, to the operations of the mind itself. Hence, an objective motive is some outward thing awakening desire; a subjective motive is some internal feeling or propensity. Objective views are those governed by outward things; subjective views are produced or modified by internal feeling. Sir Walter Scott's poetry is chiefly objective; that of Wordsworth is eminently subjective.
In the philosophy of mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego. Sir. W. Hamilton

Objective

Ob*jec"tive, n.

1. (Gram.) The objective case.

2. An object glass. See under Object, n.

3. Same as Objective point, under Objective, a.

Objectively

Ob*jec"tive*ly, adv. In the manner or state of an object; as, a determinate idea objectively in the mind.

Objectiveness

Ob*jec"tive*ness, n. Objectivity.
Is there such a motion or objectiveness of external bodies, which produceth light? Sir M. Hale

Objectivity

Ob`jec*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. objectivit\'82.] The state, quality, or relation of being objective; character of the object or of the objective.
The calm, the cheerfulness, the disinterested objectivity have disappeared [in the life of the Greeks]. M. Arnold.

Obectize

Ob"ect*ize (?), v. t. To make an object of; to regard as an object; to place in the position of an object.
In the latter, as objectized by the former, arise the emotions and affections. Coleridge.

Objectless

Ob"ject*less, a. Having no object; purposeless.

Objector

Ob*ject"or (?), n. [L., an accuser.] One who objects; one who offers objections to a proposition or measure.

Objibways

Ob*jib"ways (?), n.pl. See Chippeways.

Objicient

Ob*jic"i*ent (?), n. [L. objiciens, p.pr. of objicere to object.] One who makes objection; an objector. [R.] Cardinal Wiseman.

Objuration

Ob`ju*ra"tion (?), n. [L. objurare to bind by oath; ob (see Ob-) + jurare to swear, fr. jus right.] A binding by oath. [R.] Abp. Bramhall.

Objurgate

Ob*jur"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Objurgated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Objurgating.] [L.objurgatus, p.p. of objurgare to chide; ob (see Ob-) + jurgare to quarrel, scold, fr. jus right, court. See Jury.] To chide; to reprove.

Objurgation

Ob`jur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. objurgatio: cf.F.objurgation.] The act of objurgating; reproof.
While the good lady was bestowing this objurgation on Mr.Ben Allen. Dickens.
With a strong objurgation of the elbow in his ribs. Landor.

Objurgatory

Ob*jur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. objurgatorius.] Designed to objurgate or chide; containing or expressing reproof; culpatory. Bancroft.
The objurgatory question of the Pharisees. Paley.

Oblanceolate

Ob*lan"ce*o*late (?), a. [Pref. ob- + lanceolate.] Lanceolate in the reversed order, that is, narrowing toward the point of attachment more than toward the apex.

Oblate

Ob*late" (?), a. [L. oblatus, used as p.p. of offerre to bring forward, offer, dedicate; ob (see Ob-) + latus borne, for tlatus. See Tolerate.]

1. (Geom.) Flattened or depressed at the poles; as, the earth is an oblate spheroid.

2. Offered up; devoted; consecrated; dedicated; -- used chiefly or only in the titles of Roman Catholic orders. See Oblate, n. Oblate ellipsoid ∨ spheroid (Geom.), a solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its minor axis; an oblatum. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

Oblate

Ob*late", n. [From Oblate, a.] (R.C.Ch.) (a) One of an association of priests or religious women who have offered themselves to the service of the church. There are three such associations of priests, and one of women, called oblates. (b) One of the Oblati.

Oblateness

Ob*late"ness, n. The quality or state of being oblate.

Oblati

Ob*la"ti (?), n. pl. [LL., fr. L. oblatus. See Oblate.] (R.C.Ch.) (a) Children dedicated in their early years to the monastic state. (b) A class of persons, especially in the Middle Ages, who offered themselves and their property to a monastery. Addis & Arnold.

Oblation

Ob*la"tion (?), n. [L. oblatio: cf. F. oblation. See Oblate.]

1. The act of offering, or of making an offering. Locke.

2. Anything offered or presented in worship or sacred service; an offering; a sacrifice.

A peculiar ... oblation given to God. Jer. Taylor.
A pin was the usual oblation. Sir. W. Scott.

3. A gift or contribution made to a church, as for the expenses of the eucharist, or for the support of the clergy and the poor.

Oblationer

Ob*la"tion*er (?), n. One who makes an offering as an act worship or reverence. Dr. H. More.

Oblatrate

Ob*la"trate (?), v. i. [L. oblatratus, p.p. of oblatrare to bark against.] To bark or snarl, as a dog. [Obs.]

Oblatration

Ob`la*tra"tion (?), n. The act of oblatrating; a barking or snarling. Bp. Hall.

Oblatum

Ob*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Oblata (#). [NL. See Oblate.] (Geom.) An oblate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an ellipse about its minor axis. Cf. Oblongum.

Oblectate

Ob*lec"tate (?), v. t. [L. oblectatus, p.p. of oblectare.] To delight; to please greatly. [Obs.]

Oblectation

Ob"lec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oblectatio.] The act of pleasing highly; the state of being greatly pleased; delight. [R.] Feltham.

Obligable

Ob"li*ga*ble (?), a. Acknowledging, or complying with, obligation; trustworthy. [R.]
The main difference between people seems to be, that one man can come under obligations on which you can rely, -- is obligable; and another is not. Emerson.

Obligate

Ob"li*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obligated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obligating.] [L. obligatus, p.p. of obligare. See Oblige.]

1. To bring or place under obligation, moral or legal; to hold by a constraining motive. "Obligated by a sense of duty." Proudfit.

That's your true plan -- to obligate The present ministers of state. Churchill.

2. To bind or firmly hold to an act; to compel; to constrain; to bind to any act of duty or courtesy by a formal pledge.

That they may not incline or be obligated to any vile or lowly occupations. Landor.

Obligation

Ob"li*ga"tion (?), n. [F. obligation. L. obligatio. See Oblige.]

1. The act of obligating.

2. That which obligates or constrains; the binding power of a promise, contract, oath, or vow, or of law; that which constitutes legal or moral duty.

A tender conscience is a stronger obligation than a proson. Fuller.

3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for anouther, or to forbear something; external duties imposed by law, promise, or contract, by the relations of society, or by courtesy, kindness, etc.

Every man has obligations which belong to his station. Duties extend beyond obligation, and direct the affections, desires, and intentions, as well as the actions. Whewell.

4. The state of being obligated or bound; the state of being indebted for an act of favor or kindness; as, to place others under obligations to one.

5. (Law) A bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty for nonfulfillment. In a larger sense, it is an acknowledgment of a duty to pay a certain sum or do a certain things. Days of obligation. See under Day.

Obligato

Ob"li*ga"to (?), a. [It.] See Obbligato.

Obligatorily

Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In an obligatory manner; by reason of obligation. Foxe.

Obligatoriness

Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being obligatory.

Obligatory

Ob"li*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. obligatorius: cf.F. obligatoire.] Binding in law or conscience; imposing duty or obligation; requiring performance or forbearance of some act; -- often followed by on or upon; as, obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
As long as the law is obligatory, so long our obedience is due. Jer. Taylor.

Oblige

O*blige" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obliged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obliging (?).] [OF. obligier, F.obliger, L. obligare; ob (see Ob-) + ligare to bind. See Ligament, and cf. Obligate.]

1. To attach, as by a bond. [Obs.]

He had obliged all the senators and magistrates firmly to himself. Bacon.

2. To constrain by physical, moral, or legal force; to put under obligation to do or forbear something.

The obliging power of the law is neither founded in, nor to be measured by, the rewards and punishments annexed to it. South.
Religion obliges men to the practice of those virtues which conduce to the preservation of our health. Tillotson.

3. To bind by some favor rendered; to place under a debt; hence, to do a favor to; to please; to gratify; to accommodate.

Thus man, by his own strength, to heaven would soar, And would not be obliged to God for more. Dryden.
The gates before it are brass, and the whole much obliged to Pope Urban VIII. Evelyn.
I shall be more obliged to you than I can express. Mrs. E. Montagu.
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Obligee

Ob"li*gee" (?), n. [F. oblig\'82, p.p. of obliger. See Oblige.] The person to whom another is bound, or the person to whom a bond is given. Blackstone.

Obligement

O*blige"ment (?), n. Obligation. [R.]
I will not resist, therefore, whatever it is, either of divine or human obligement, that you lay upon me. Milton.

Obliger

O*bli"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, obliges. Sir H. Wotton.

Obliging

O*bli"ging, a. Putting under obligation; disposed to oblige or do favors; hence, helpful; civil; kind.
Mons.Strozzi has many curiosities, and is very obliging to a stranger who desires the sight of them. Addison.
Syn. -- Civil; complaisant; courteous; kind, -- Obliging, Kind, Complaisant. One is kind who desires to see others happy; one is complaisant who endeavors to make them so in social intercourse by attentions calculated to please; one who is obliging performs some actual service, or has the disposition to do so. -- O*bli"ging*ly. adv. -- O*bli"ging*ness, n.

Obligor

Ob`li*gor" (?), n. The person who binds himself, or gives his bond to another. Blackstone.

Obliquation

Ob`li*qua"tion (?), n. [L. obliquatio, fr. obliquare to turn obliquely. See Oblique.]

1. The act of becoming oblique; a turning to one side; obliquity; as, the obliquation of the eyes. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Deviation from moral rectitude. [R.]

Oblique

Ob*lique" (?), a. [F., fr. L. obliquus; ob (see Ob-) + liquis oblique; cf. licinus bent upward, Gr [Written also oblike.]

1. Not erect or perpendicular; neither parallel to, nor at right angles from, the base; slanting; inclined.

It has a direction oblique to that of the former motion. Cheyne.

2. Not straightforward; indirect; obscure; hence, disingenuous; underhand; perverse; sinister.

The love we bear our friends... Hath in it certain oblique ends. Drayton.
This mode of oblique research, when a more direct one is denied, we find to be the only one in our power. De Quincey.
Then would be closed the restless, oblique eye. That looks for evil, like a treacherous spy. Wordworth.

3. Not direct in descent; not following the line of father and son; collateral.

His natural affection in a direct line was strong, in an oblique but weak. Baker.
Oblique angle, Oblique ascension, etc. See under Angle,Ascension, etc. -- Oblique arch (Arch.), an arch whose jambs are not at right angles with the face, and whose intrados is in consequence askew. -- Oblique bridge, a skew bridge. See under Bridge, n. -- Oblique case (Gram.), any case except the nominative. See Case, n. -- Oblique circle (Projection), a circle whose plane is oblique to the axis of the primitive plane. -- Oblique fire (Mil.), a fire the direction of which is not perpendicular to the line fired at. -- Oblique flank (Fort.), that part of the curtain whence the fire of the opposite bastion may be discovered. Wilhelm. -- Oblique leaf. (Bot.) (a) A leaf twisted or inclined from the normal position. (b) A leaf having one half different from the other. -- Oblique line (Geom.), a line that, meeting or tending to meet another, makes oblique angles with it. -- Oblique motion (Mus.), a kind of motion or progression in which one part ascends or descends, while the other prolongs or repeats the same tone, as in the accompanying example.<-- illustr. of oblique motion, 1 bar 4/4 --> -- Oblique muscle (Anat.), a muscle acting in a direction oblique to the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles; -- applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball. -- Oblique narration. See Oblique speech. -- Oblique planes (Dialing), planes which decline from the zenith, or incline toward the horizon. -- Oblique sailing (Naut.), the movement of a ship when she sails upon some rhumb between the four cardinal points, making an oblique angle with the meridian. -- Oblique speech (Rhet.), speech which is quoted indirectly, or in a different person from that employed by the original speaker. -- Oblique sphere (Astron. & Geog.), the celestial or terrestrial sphere when its axis is oblique to the horizon of the place; or as it appears to an observer at any point on the earth except the poles and the equator. -- Oblique step (Mil.), a step in marching, by which the soldier, while advancing, gradually takes ground to the right or left at an angle of about 25°. It is not now practiced. Wilhelm. -- Oblique system of co\'94rdinates (Anal. Geom.), a system in which the co\'94rdinate axes are oblique to each other.

Oblique

Ob*lique", n. (Geom.) An oblique line.

Oblique

Ob*lique", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Obliqued (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Obliquing.]

1. To deviate from a perpendicular line; to move in an oblique direction.

Projecting his person towards it in a line which obliqued from the bottom of his spine. Sir. W. Scott.

2. (Mil.) To march in a direction oblique to the line of the column or platoon; -- formerly accomplished by oblique steps, now by direct steps, the men half-facing either to the right or left.

Oblique-angled

Ob*lique"-an`gled (?), a. Having oblique angles; as, an oblique-angled triangle.

Obliquely

Ob*lique"ly, adv. In an oblique manner; not directly; indirectly. "Truth obliquely leveled." Bp. Fell.
Declining from the noon of day, The sun obliquely shoots his burning ray. Pope
His discourse tends obliquely to the detracting from others. Addison.

Obliqueness

Ob*lique"ness, n. Quality or state of being oblique.

Obliquity

Ob*liq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Obliquities (#). [L. obliquitas: cf. F. obliquit\'82.]

1. The condition of being oblique; deviation from a right line; deviation from parallelism or perpendicularity; the amount of such deviation; divergence; as, the obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator.

2. Deviation from ordinary rules; irregularity; deviation from moral rectitude.

To disobey [God]...imports a moral obliquity. South.

Oblite

Ob"lite (?), a. [L. oblitus, p.p. pf oblinere to besmear.] Indistinct; slurred over. [Obs.] "Obscure and oblite mention." Fuller.

Obliterate

Ob*lit"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obliterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obliterating.] [L. obliteratus, p.p. of obliterare to obliterate; ob (see Ob-) + litera, littera, letter. See Letter.]

1. To erase or blot out; to efface; to render undecipherable, as a writing.

2. To wear out; to remove or destroy utterly by any means; to render imperceptible; as. to obliterate ideas; to obliterate the monuments of antiquity.

The harsh and bitter feelings of this or that experience are slowly obliterated. W. Black.

Obliterate

Ob*lit"er*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Scarcely distinct; -- applied to the markings of insects.

Obliteration

Ob*lit`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. obliteratio: cf.F. oblit\'82ration.] The act of obliterating, or the state of being obliterated; extinction. Sir. M. Hale.

Obliterative

Ob*lit"er*a*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to obliterate.

Oblivion

Ob*liv"i*on (?), n. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]

1. The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness.

Second childishness and mere oblivion. Shak.
Among our crimes oblivion may be set. Dryden
The origin of our city will be buried in eternal oblivion. W. Irving.

2. Official ignoring of offenses; amnesty, or general pardon; as, an act of oblivion. Sir J. Davies. Syn. -- See Forgetfulness.

Oblivious

Ob*liv"i*ous (?), a. [L.obliviosus: cf.F. oblivieux.]

1. Promoting oblivion; causing forgetfulness. "The oblivious pool." Milton.

She lay in deep, oblivious slumber. Longfellow.

2. Evincing oblivion; forgetful.

Through are both weak in body and oblivious. Latimer.
-- Obliv"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob*liv"i*ous*ness, n. Foxe.

Oblocutor

Ob*loc"u*tor (?), n. [L. oblocutor, obloquutor, fr. obloqui, oblocutus, to speak against; ob (see Ob-) + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] A disputer; a gainsayer. [Obs.] Bale.

Oblong

Ob"long (?), a. [L. oblongus; ob (see Ob-) + longus long: cf. F. oblong.] Having greater length than breadth, esp. when rectangular.

Oblong

Ob"long, n. A rectangular figure longer than it is broad; hence, any figure longer than it is broad.
The best figure of a garden I esteem an oblong upon a descent. Sir W. Temple.

Oblongata

Ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

Oblongatal

Ob"lon*ga"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the medulla oblongata; medullar.

Oblongish

Ob"long*ish (?), a. Somewhat oblong.

Oblongly

Ob"long*ly, adv. In an oblong form.

Oblongness

Ob"long*ness, n. State or quality of being oblong.

Oblong-ovate

Ob"long-o"vate (?), a. Between oblong and ovate, but inclined to the latter.

Oblongum

Ob*lon"gum (?), n.; pl. Oblonga (#). [NL. See Oblong.] (Geom.) A prolate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an ellipse about its greater axis. Cf. Oblatum, and see Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

Obloquious

Ob*lo"qui*ous (?), a. Containing obloquy; reproachful [R.] Naunton.

Obloquy

Ob"lo*quy (?), n. [L. obloquium, fr. obloqui. See Oblocutor.]

1. Censorious speech; defamatory language; language that casts contempt on men or their actions; blame; reprehension.

Shall names that made yuor city the glory of the earth be mentioned with obloquy and detraction? Addison.

2. Cause of reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Reproach; odium; censure; contumely; gainsaying; reviling; calumny; slander; detraction.

Obluctation

Ob`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oblictutio, fr. obluctari to struggle against.] A struggle against; resistance; opposition. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Obmutescence

Ob`mu*tes"cence (?), n. [L. obmutescens, p.pr of obmutescere to become dumb; ob (see Ob-) + mutescere to grow dumb, fr. mutus dumb.]

1. A becoming dumb; loss of speech. Sir T. Browne.

2. A keeping silent or mute. Paley.

Obnoxlous

Ob*nox"lous (?), a. [L. obnoxius; ob (see Ob-) + noxius hurtful. See Noxious.]

1. Subject; liable; exposed; answerable; amenable; -- with to.

The writings of lawyers, which are tied obnoxious to their particular laws. Bacon.
Esteeming it more honorable to live on the public than to be obnoxious to any private purse. Milton.
Obnoxious, first or last, To basest things Milton.

2. Liable to censure; exposed to punishment; reprehensible; blameworthy. "The contrived and interested schemes of ...obnoxious authors." Bp. Fell.

All are obnoxious, and this faulty land, Like fainting Hester, does before you stand Watching your scepter. Waller.

3. Offensive; odious; hateful; as, an obnoxious statesman; a minister obnoxious to the Whigs. Burke. -- Ob*nox"ious*ly, adv. -- Ob*nox"ious*ness, n. South.

Obnubilate

Ob*nu"bi*late (?), v. t. [L. obnubilatus, p.p. of obnubilare to obscure. See Ob-, and Nubilate.] To cloud; to obscure. [Obs.] Burton. -- Ob*nu"bi*la"tion (#), n. [Obs.] Beddoes.

Oboe

O"boe (?), n. [It., fr. F. hautbois. See Hautboy.] (Mus.) One of the higher wind instruments in the modern orchestra, yet of great antiquity, having a penetrating pastoral quality of tone, somewhat like the clarinet in form, but more slender, and sounded by means of a double reed; a hautboy. Oboe d'amore [It., lit., oboe of love], and Oboe di caccia [It., lit., oboe of the chase], are names of obsolete modifications of the oboe, often found in the scores of Bach and Handel.

Oboist

O"bo*ist (?), n. A performer on the oboe.

Obolary

Ob"o*la*ry (?), a. [See Obolus.] Possessing only small coins; impoverished. [R.] Lamb.

Obole

Ob"ole (?), n. [Cf.F. obole. See Obolus.] (Old Pharm.) A weight of twelve grains; or, according to some, of ten grains, or half a scruple. [Written also obol.]

Obolize

Ob"o*lize (?), v. t. See Obelize.

Obolo

Ob"o*lo (?), n. [Cf. Obolus.] A copper coin, used in the Ionian Islands, about one cent in value.

Obolus

Ob"o*lus (?), n.;pl. Oboli (#). [L., fr Gr. ( (Gr.Antiq.) (a) A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a drachma, about three cents in value. (b) An ancient weight, the sixth part of a drachm.

Obomegoid

Ob`o*me"goid (?), a. [Pref. ob- + omegoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Obversely omegoid.

Oboval

Ob*o"val (?), a. [Pref. ob- + oval.] Obovate.

Obovate

Ob*o"vate (?). a. [Pref. ob- + ovate.] (Bot.) Inversely ovate; ovate with the narrow end downward; as, an obovate leaf.

Obreption

Ob*rep"tion (?), n. [L. obreptio, fr. obrepere, obreptum, to creep up to; ob (see Ob-) + repere to creep.]

1. The act of creeping upon with secrecy or by surprise. [Obs.] Cudworth.

2. (Scots Law) The obtaining gifts of escheat by fraud or surprise. Bell.

Obreptitious

Ob`rep*ti"tious (?), a. [L. obreptitus. See Obreption.] Done or obtained by surprise; with secrecy, or by concealment of the truth. [R.] Cotgrave.

Obrogate

Ob"ro*gate (?), v. t. [L. obrogatus, p.p. of obrogare to obrogate.] To annul indirectly by enacting a new and contrary law, instead of by expressly abrogating or repealing the old one. [Obs.] Bailey.

Obrok

Ob"rok (?), n. [Russ. obrok'.] (a) A rent. (b) A poll tax paid by peasants absent from their lord's estate. [Russia] Brande & C.

Obscene

Ob*scene" (?), a/ [L. obscenus, obscaenus, obscoenus, ill looking, filthy, obscene: cf. F. obsc\'82ne.]

1. Offensive to chastity or modesty; expressing of presenting to the mind or view something which delicacy, purity, and decency forbid to be exposed; impure; as, obscene language; obscene pictures.

Words that were once chaste, by frequent use grew obscene and uncleanly. I. Watts.

2. Foul; fifthy; disgusting. <-- 2 illegible chars; "bands"? -->

A girdle foul with grease bobscene attire. Dryden.

3. Inauspicious; ill-omened. [R.] [A Latinism]

At the cheerful light, The groaning ghosts and birds obscene take flight. Dryden.
Syn. -- Impure; immodest; indecent; unchaste; lewd. -- Ob*scene"ly, adv. -- Ob*scene"ness, n.

Obscenity

Ob*scen"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Obscenities (#). [L. obscentias: cf.F. obsc\'82nit\'82.] That quality in words or things which presents what is offensive to chasity or purity of mind; obscene or impure lanquage or acts; moral impurity; lewdness; obsceneness; as, the obscenity of a speech, or a picture.
Mr.Cowley asserts plainly, that obscenity has no place in wit. Dryden.
No pardon vile obscenity should find. Pope.

Obscurant

Ob*scur"ant (?), n. [L. obscurans, p.pr. of obscurare to obscure.] One who obscures; one who prevents enlightenment or hinders the progress of knowledge and wisdom. Coleridge.

Obscurantism

Ob*scur"ant*ism (?), n. The system or the principles of the obscurants. C. Kingsley.

Obscurantist

Ob*scur"ant*ist, n. Same as Obscurant. Ed. Rev.

Obscuration

Ob`scu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. obscurativ: cf.F. obscuration. See Obscure, v. t. ] The act or operation of obscuring; the state of being obscured; as, the obscuration of the moon in an eclipse. Sir J. Herschel.

Obscure

Ob*scure" (?), a. [Compar. Obscurer (?); superl. Obscurest.] [L. obscurus, orig., covered; ob- (see Ob-) + a root probably meaning, to cover; cf. L. scutum shield, Skr. sku to cover: cf.F. obscur. Cf.Sky.]

1. Covered over, shaded, or darkened; destitute of light; imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim.

His lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness. Prov. xx. 20.

2. Of or pertaining to darkness or night; inconspicuous to the sight; indistinctly seen; hidden; retired; remote from observation; unnoticed.

The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak.
The obscure corners of the earth. Sir J. Davies.

3. Not noticeable; humble; mean. "O base and obscure vulgar." Shak. "An obscure person." Atterbury.

4. Not easily understood; not clear or legible; abstruse or blind; as, an obscure passage or inscription.

5. Not clear, full, or distinct; clouded; imperfect; as, an obscure view of remote objects. Obscure rays (Opt.), those rays which are not luminous or visible, and which in the spectrum are beyond the limits of the visible portion. Syn. -- Dark; dim; darksome; dusky; shadowy; misty; abstruse; intricate; difficult; mysterious; retired; unnoticed; unknown; humble; mean; indistinct.

Obscure

Ob*scure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obscured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obscuring.] [L. obscurare, fr. obscurus: cf. OF. obscurer. See Obscure, a.] To render obscure; to darken; to make dim; to keep in the dark; to hide; to make less visible, intelligible, legible, glorious, beautiful, or illustrious.
They are all couched in a pit hard by Herne's oak, with obscured lights. Shak.
Why, 't is an office of discovery, love, And I should be obscured. Shak.
There is scarce any duty which has been so obscured by the writings of learned men as this. Wake.
And seest not sin obscures thy godlike frame? Dryden.
Page 992

Obscure

Ob*scure" (?), v. i. To conceal one's self; to hide; to keep dark. [Obs.]
How! There's bad news. I must obscure, and hear it. Beau. & Fl.

Obscure

Ob*scure", n. Obscurity. [Obs.] Milton.

Obscurely

Ob*scure"ly, adv. In an obscure manner. Milton.

Obscurement

Ob*scure"ment (?), n. The act of obscuring, or the state of being obscured; obscuration. Pomfret.

Obscureness

Ob*scure"ness, n. Obscurity. Bp. Hall.

Obscurer

Ob*scur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, obscures.

Obscurity

Ob*scu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. obscuritas: cf. F. obscurit\'82.] The quality or state of being obscure; darkness; privacy; inconspicuousness; unintelligibleness; uncertainty.
Yuo are not for obscurity designed. Dryden.
They were now brought forth from obscurity, to be contemplated by artists with admiration and despair. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; gloom. See Darkness.

Obsecrate

Ob"se*crate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obsecrated (?); p. pr. & vb, n. Obsecrating.] [L. obsecratus, p.p. of obsecrare, prop., to ask on religious grounds; ob (see Ob-) + sacrare to declare as sacred, from sacer sacred.] To beseech; to supplicate; to implore. [R.]. Cockerman.

Obsecration

Ob"se*cra"tion (?), n. [L. obsecratio: cf. F. obsecration.]

1. The act of obsecrating or imploring; as, the obsecrations of the Litany, being those clauses beginning with "By." Bp. Stillingfeet. Shipley.

2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the orator implores the assistance of God or man.

Obsecratory

Ob"se*cra*to*ry (?), a. Expressing, or used in, entreaty; supplicatory. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Obsequent

Ob"se*quent (?), a. [L. obsequens, p.pr. of obsequi; ob (see Ob-) + sequi. See Sequence.] Obedient; submissive; obsequious. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Obsequience

Ob*se"qui*ence (?), n. Obsequiousness. [R.]

Obsequies

Ob"se*quies (?), n.pl. See Obsequy.

Obsequious

Ob*se"qui*ous (?), a. [L.obsequiosus, fr. obsequium compliance, fr. obsequi, fr. obsequi: cf. F. obs\'82quieux, See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequy.]

1. Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted. [Obs.]

His servants weeping, Obsequious to his orders, bear him hither. Addison.

2. Servilely or meanly attentive; compliant to excess; cringing; fawning; as, obsequious flatterer, parasite.

There lies ever in "obsequious" at the present the sense of an observance which is overdone, of an unmanly readiness to fall in with the will of another. Trench.

3. [See Obsequy.] Of or pertaining to obsequies; funereal. [R.] "To do obsequious sorrow." Shak. Syn. -- Compliant; obedient; servile. See Yielding.

Obsequiously

Ob*se"qui*ous*ly, adv.

1. In an obsequious manner; compliantly; fawningly. Dryden.

2. In a manner appropriate to obsequies. [Obs.]

Whilst I a while obsequiously lament The untimely fall of virtuous Lancaster. Shak.

Obsequiousness

Ob*se"qui*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being obsequious. South.

Obsequy

Ob"se*quy (?), n.; pl. Obsequies (#). [L. obsequiae, pl., funeral rites, fr. obsequi: cf.F. obs\'8aques. See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequious.]

1. The last duty or service to a person, rendered after his death; hence, a rite or ceremony pertaining to burial; -- now used only in the plural. Spencer.

I will...fetch him hence, and solemnly attend, With silent obsequy and funeral train. Milton
I will myself Be the chief mourner at his obsequies. Dryden.
The funeral obsequies were decently and privately performed by his family J. P. Mahaffy.

2. Obsequiousness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Observable

Ob*serv"a*ble (?), a. [L. observabilis: cf.F. observable.] Worthy or capable of being observed; discernible; noticeable; remarkable. Sir. T. Browne.
The difference is sufficiently observable. Southey.
-- Ob*serv"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ob*serv"a*bly, adv.

Observance

Ob*serv"ance (?), n. [F.observance, L. observantia. See Observant.]

1. The act or practice of observing or noticing with attention; a heeding or keeping with care; performance; -- usually with a sense of strictness and fidelity; as, the observance of the Sabbath is general; the strict observance of duties.

It is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance. Shak.

2. An act, ceremony, or rite, as of worship or respect; especially, a customary act or service of attention; a form; a practice; a rite; a custom.

At dances These young folk kept their observances. Chaucer.
Use all the observance of civility. Shak.
Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting in a few easy observances. Rogers.
O I that wasted time to tend upon her, To compass her with sweet observances! Tennyson.

3. Servile attention; sycophancy. [Obs.]

Salads and flesh, such as their haste could get, Served with observance. Chapman.
This is not atheism, But court observance. Beau. & Fl.
Syn. -- Observance, Observation. These words are discriminated by the two distinct senses of observe. To observe means (1) to keep strictly; as, to observe a fast day, and hence, observance denotes the keeping or heeding with strictness; (2) to consider attentively, or to remark; and hence, observation denotes either the act of observing, or some remark made as the result thereof. We do not say the observation of Sunday, though the word was formerly so used. The Pharisees were curious in external observances; the astronomers are curious in celestial observations.
Love rigid honesty, And strict observance of impartial laws. Roscommon.

Observancy

Ob*serv"an*cy (?), n. Observance. [Obs.]

Observandum

Ob*ser`van"dum (?), n.; pl. Observanda (#). [L.] A thing to be observed. Swift.

Observant

Ob*serv"ant (?), a. [L. observans, -anits, p. pr. of observare: cf. F. observant. See Observe.]

1. Taking notice; viewing or noticing attentively; watchful; attentive; as, an observant spectator; observant habits.

Wandering from clime to clime observant stray'd. Pope.

2. Submissively attentive; obediently watchful; regardful; mindful; obedient (to); -- with of, as, to be observant of rules.

We are told how observant Alexander was of his master Aristotle. Sir K. Digby.

Observant

Ob*serv"ant, n.

1. One who observes forms and rules. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. A sycophantic servant. [Obs.]

Silly ducking observants, That stretch their duties nicely. Shak.

3. (R.C.Ch.) An Observantine.

Observantine

Ob`ser*van"tine (?), n. [Fr. observantin.] (R.C.Ch.) One of a branch of the Order of Franciscans, who profess to adhere more strictly than the Conventuals to the intention of the founder, especially as to poverty; -- called also Observants.

Observantly

Ob*serv"ant*ly, adv. In an observant manner.

Observation

Ob`ser*va"tion (?), n. [L. observatio: cf.F. observation.]

1. The act or the faculty of observing or taking notice; the act of seeing, or of fixing the mind upon, anything.

My observation, which very seldom lies. Shak.

2. The result of an act, or of acts, of observing; view; reflection; conclusion; judgment.

In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage in making wise observations on our conduct. I. Watts.

3. Hence: An expression of an opinion or judgment upon what one has observed; a remark. "That's a foolish observation." Shak.

To observations which ourselves we make We grow more partial for the observer's sake. Pope.

4. Performance of what is prescribed; adherence in practice; observance. [Obs.]

We are to procure dispensation or leave to omit the observation of it in such circumstances. Jer. Taylor.

5. (Science) (a) The act of recognizing and noting some fact or occurrence in nature, as an aurora, a corona, or the structure of an animal. (b) Specifically, the act of measuring, with suitable instruments, some magnitude, as the time of an occultation, with a clock; the right ascension of a star, with a transit instrument and clock; the sun's altitude, or the distance of the moon from a star, with a sextant; the temperature, with a thermometer, etc. (c) The information so acquired. &hand; When a phenomenon is scrutinized as it occurs in nature, the act is termed an observation. When the conditions under which the phenomenon occurs are artificial, or arranged beforehand by the observer, the process is called an experiment. Experiment includes observation. To take an observation (Naut.), to ascertain the altitude of a heavenly body, with a view to fixing a vessel's position at sea. Syn. -- Observance; notice; attention; remark; comment; note. See Observance.

Observational

Ob`ser*va"tion*al (?), a. Of a pertaining to observation; consisting of, or containing, observations. Chalmers.

Observative

Ob*serv"a*tive (?), a. Observing; watchful.

Observator

Ob"ser*va`tor (?), n. [L.]

1. One who observes or takes notice. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. One who makes a remark. [Obs.] Dryden.

Observatory

Ob*serv"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Observatories (#). [Cf. F. observatoire.]

1. A place or building for making observations on the heavenly bodies.

The new observatory in Greenwich Park. Evelyn.

2. A building fitted with instruments for making systematic observations of any particular class or series of natural phenomena.

3. A place, as an elevated chamber, from which a view may be observed or commanded.

4. (Mil.) A lookout on a flank of a battery whence an officer can note the range and effect of the fire. Farrow.

Observe

Ob*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Observed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Observing.] [L.observare, observatum; ob (see Ob-) + servare to save, preserve, keep, heed, observe: cf.F. observer. See Serve.]

1. To take notice of by appropriate conduct; to conform one's action or practice to; to keep; to heed; to obey; to comply with; as, to observe rules or commands; to observe civility.

Ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Ex. xii. 17.
He wolde no such cursedness observe. Chaucer.
Must I budge? Must I observe you? Shak.
With solemn purpose to observe Immutably his sovereign will. Milton.

2. To be on the watch respecting; to pay attention to; to notice with care; to see; to perceive; to discover; as, to observe an eclipse; to observe the color or fashion of a dress; to observe the movements of an army.

3. To express as what has been noticed; to utter as a remark; to say in a casual or incidental way; to remark.

Observe

Ob*serve", v. i.

1. To take notice; to give attention to what one sees or hears; to attend.

2. To make a remark; to comment; -- generally with on or upon. <-- = to make an observation -->

I have barely quoted... without observing upon it. Pope.
Syn. -- To remark. See Remark.

Observer

Ob*serv"er (?), n.

1. One who observes, or pays attention to, anything; especially, one engaged in, or trained to habits of, close and exact observation; as, an astronomical observer.

The observed of all observers. Shak.
Careful observers may foretell the hour, By sure prognostic, when to dread a shower. Swift.

2. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation, rite, etc.; one who conforms to anything in practice. "Diligent observers of old customs." Spenser.

These... hearkend unto observers of times. Deut. xviii. 14.

3. One who fulfills or performs; as, an observer of his promises.

4. A sycophantic follower. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Observership

Ob*serv"er*ship (?), n. The office or work of an observer.

Observing

Ob*serv"ing, a. Giving particular attention; habitually attentive to what passes; as, an observing person; an observing mind.<-- = observant --> -- Ob*serv"ing*ly, adv.

Obsess

Ob*sess" (?), v. t. [L. obsessus, p.p. of obsidere to besiege; ob (see Ob-) + sedere to sit.] To besiege; to beset. Sir T. Elyot.

Obsession

Ob*ses"sion (?), n. [L. obsessio: cf.F. obsession.]

1. The act of besieging. Johnson.

2. The state of being besieged; -- used specifically of a person beset by a spirit from without. Tylor.

Whether by obsession or possession, I will not determine. Burton.

Obsidian

Ob*sid"i*an (?), n. [L. Obsidianus lapis, so named, according to Pliny, after one Obsidius, who discovered it in Ethiopia: cf.F. obsidiane, obsidienne. The later editions of Pliny read Obsianus lapis, and Obsius, instead of Obsidianus lapis, and Obsidius.] (Min.) A kind of glass produced by volcanoes. It is usually of a black color, and opaque, except in thin splinters. &hand; In a thin section it often exhibits a fluidal structure, marked by the arrangement of microlites in the lines of the flow of the molten mass.

Obsidional

Ob*sid"i*o*nal (?), a. [L. obsidionalis, from obsidio a siege, obsidere to besiege: cf.F. obsidional. See Obsess.] Of or pertaining to a siege. Obsidional crown (Rom.Antiq.), a crown bestowed upon a general who raised the siege of a beleaguered place, or upon one who held out against a siege.

Obsigillation

Ob*sig`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. ob (see Ob-) + sigillum a seal.] A sealing up. [Obs.] Maunder.

Obsign

Ob*sign" (?), v. t. [See Obsignate.] To seal; to confirm, as by a seal or stamp. [Obs.] Bradford.

Obsignate

Ob*sig"nate (?), v. t. [L. obsignated, p.p. of obsignare to seal. See Ob-, and Sign.] To seal; to ratify. [Obs.] Barrow.

Obsignation

Ob`sig*na"tion (?), n. [L. obsignatio.] The act of sealing or ratifying; the state of being sealed or confirmed; confirmation, as by the Holy Spirit.
The spirit of manifestation will but upbraid you in the shame and horror of a sad eternity, if you have not the spirit of obsignation. Jer. Taylor.

Obsignatory

Ob*sig"na*to*ry (?), a. Ratifying; confirming by sealing. [Obs.] Samuel Ward (1643)

Obsolesce

Ob`so*lesce" (?), v. i. [L. obsolescere. See Obsolescent.] To become obsolescent. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

Obsolescence

Ob`so*les"cence (?), n. [See Obsolescent.] The state of becoming obsolete.

Obsolescent

Ob`so*les"cent (?), a. [L. obsolescens, -entis, p.pr. of obsolescere, to wear out gradually, to fall into disuse; ob (see Ob-) + solere to use, be wont.] Going out of use; becoming obsolete; passing into desuetude.

Obsolete

Ob"so*lete (?), a. [L. obsoletus, p.p. of obsolescere. See Obsolescent.]

1. No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused; neglected; as, an obsolete word; an obsolete statute; -- applied chiefly to words, writings, or observances.

2. (Biol.) Not very distinct; obscure; rudimental; imperfectly developed; abortive. Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; old-fashioned; antique; old; disused; neglected. See Ancient.

Obsolete

Ob"so*lete, v. i. To become obsolete; to go out of use. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

Obsoletely

Ob"so*lete*ly, adv. In an obsolete manner.

Obsoleteness

Ob"so*lete*ness, n.

1. The state of being obsolete, or no longer used; a state of desuetude.

2. (Biol.) Indistinctness; want of development.

Obsoletism

Ob"so*let*ism (?), n. A disused word or phrase; an archaism. Fitzed. Hall.

Obstacle

Ob"sta*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. obstaculum, fr. obstare to withstand, oppose; ob (see Ob-) + stare to stand. See Stand. and cf. Oust, v.] That which stands in the way, or opposes; anything that hinders progress; a hindrance; an obstruction, physical or moral.
If all obstacles were cut away. And that my path were even to the crown. Shak.
Syn. -- Impediment; obstuction; hindrance; difficulty. See Impediment, and Obstruction.

Obstancy

Ob"stan*cy (?), n. [L. obstantia, fr. obstans, p.pr. of obstare. See Obstacle.] Opposition; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Obstetric, Obstetrical

Ob*stet"ric (?), Ob*stet"ric*al (?), a. [L. obstetricius, fr. obstetrix, -icis, a midwife, fr. obstare to stand before: cf.F. obst\'82trique. See Obstacle.] Of or pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; as, the obstetric art. Obstetrical toad (Zo\'94l.), a European toad of the genus Alytes, especially A. obstetricans. The eggs are laid in a string which the male winds around his legs, and carries about until the young are hatched.
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Obstetricate

Ob*stet"ri*cate (?), v. i. [L. obstetricatus, p.p. of obstetricare, fr. obstetrix.] To perform the office of midwife. [Obs.] "Nature does obstetricate." Evelyn.

Obstetricate

Ob*stet"ri*cate, v. t. To assist as a midwife. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

Obstetrication

Ob*stet"ri*ca"tion (?), n. The act of assisting as a midwife; delivery. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Obstetrician

Ob`ste*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in obstetrics; an accoucheur.

Obstetricious

Ob`ste*tri"cious (?), a. [See Obstetric.] Serving to assist childbirth; obstetric; hence, facilitating any bringing forth or deliverance. [Obs.]
Yet is all human teaching but maieutical, or obstetricious. Cudworth.

Obstetrics

Ob*stet"rics (?), n. [Cf. F. obst\'82trique. See Obstetric.] The science of midwifery; the art of assisting women in parturition, or in the trouble incident to childbirth.

Obstetricy

Ob*stet"ri*cy (?), n. Obstetrics. [R.] Dunglison.

Obstinacy

Ob"sti*na*cy (?), n. [See Obstinate.]

1. A fixedness in will, opinion, or resolution that can not be shaken at all, or only with great difficulty; firm and usually unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose, or system; unyielding disposition; stubborness; pertinacity; persistency; contumacy.

You do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract. Shak.
To shelter their ignorance, or obstinacy, under the obscurity of their terms. Locke.

2. The quality or state of being difficult to remedy, relieve, or subdue; as, the obstinacy of a disease or evil. Syn. -- Pertinacity; firmness; resoluteness; inflexibility; persistency; stubbornness; perverseness; contumacy. -- Obstinacy, Pertinacity. Pertinacity denotes great firmness in holding to a thing, aim, etc. Obstinacy is great firmness in holding out against persuasion, attack, etc. The former consists in adherence, the latter in resistance. An opinion is advocated with pertinacity or defended with obstinacy. Pertinacity is often used in a good sense; obstinacy generally in a bad one. "In this reply was included a very gross mistake, and if with pertinacity maintained, a capital error." Sir T. Browne. "Every degree of obstinacy in youth is one step to rebellion." South.

Obstinate

Ob"sti*nate (?), a. [L. obstinatus, p.p. of obstinare to set about a thing with firmness, to persist in; ob (see Ob-) + a word from the root of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf.Destine.]

1. Pertinaciously adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course; persistent; not yielding to reason, arguments, or other means; stubborn; pertinacious; -- usually implying unreasonableness.

I have known great cures done by obstinate resolution of drinking no wine. Sir W. Temple.
No ass so meek, no ass so obstinate. Pope.
Of sense and outward things. Wordsworth.

2. Not yielding; not easily subdued or removed; as, obstinate fever; obstinate obstructions. Syn. -- Stubborn; inflexible; immovable; firm; pertinacious; persistent; headstrong; opinionated; unyielding; refractory; contumacious. See Stubborn. -- Ob"sti*nate*ly, adv. -- Ob"sti*nate*ness, n.

Obstination

Ob`sti*na"tion (?), n. [L. obstinatio.] Obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Obstipation

Ob`sti*pa"tion (?), n. [L. obstipatio a close pressure; ob (see Ob-) + stipare to press.]

1. The act of stopping up, as a passage. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. (Med.) Extreme constipation. [Obs.] Hooper.

Obstreperous

Ob*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. obstreperus, from obstrepere to make a noise at; ob (see Ob-) + strepere to make a noise.] Attended by, or making, a loud and tumultuous noise; clamorous; noisy; vociferous. "The obstreperous city." Wordsworth. "Obstreperous approbation." Addison.
Beating the air with their obstreperous beaks. B. Jonson.
-- Ob*strep"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob*strep"er*ous*ness, n.

Obstriction

Ob*stric"tion (?), n. [L. obstringere, obstrictum, to bind to or about.] The state of being constrained, bound, or obliged; that which constrains or obliges; obligation; bond. [R.] Milton.

Obstringe

Ob*stringe" (?), v. t. [See Obstriction.] To constrain; to put under obligation. [R.] Bp. Gardiner.

Obstruct

Ob*struct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obstructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Obstructing.] [L. obstructus, p.p. of obstruere to build up before or against, to obstruct; ob (see Ob-) + struere to pile up. See Structure.]

1. To block up; to stop up or close, as a way or passage; to place an obstacle in, or fill with obstacles or impediments that prevent or hinder passing; as, to obstruct a street; to obstruct the channels of the body.

'T is the obstructed paths of sound shall clear. Pope.

2. To be, or come, in the way of; to hinder from passing; to stop; to impede; to retard; as, the bar in the harbor obstructs the passage of ships; clouds obstruct the light of the sun; unwise rules obstruct legislation. "Th' impatience of obstructed love." Johnson. Syn. -- To bar; barricade; stop; arrest; check; interrupt; clog; choke; impede; retard; embarrass; oppose.

Obstructer

Ob*struct"er (?), n. One who obstructs or hinders.

Obstruction

Ob*struc"tion (?), n. [L.obstructio.]

1. The act of obstructing, or state of being obstructed.

2. That which obstructs or impedes; an obstacle; an impediment; a hindrance.

A popular assembly free from obstruction. Swift.

3. The condition of having the natural powers obstructed in their usual course; the arrest of the vital functions; death. [Poetic]

To die, and go we know not where, To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot. Shak.
Syn. -- Obstacle; bar; barrier; impediment; clog; check; hindrance. -- Obstruction, Obstacle. The difference between these words is that indicated by their etymology; an obstacle is something standing in the way; an obstruction is something put in the way. Obstacle implies more fixedness and is the stronger word. We remove obstructions; we surmount obstacles.
Disparity in age seems a greater obstacle to an intimate friendship than inequality of fortune. Collier.
The king expected to meet with all the obstructions and difficulties his enraged enemies could lay in his way. Clarendon.

Obstructionism

Ob*struc"tion*ism (?), n. The act or the policy of obstructing progress. Lond. Lit. World.

Obstructionist

Ob*struc"tion*ist, n. One who hinders progress; one who obstructs business, as in a legislative body. -- a. Of or pertaining to obstructionists. [Recent]

Obstructive

Ob*struct"ive (?), a. [Cf.F. obstrictif.] Tending to obstruct; presenting obstacles; hindering; causing impediment. -- Ob*struct"ive*ly, adv.

Obstructive

Ob*struct"ive, n. An obstructive person or thing.

Obstruent

Ob"stru*ent (?), a. [L. obstruens, p.pr. of obstruere. See Obstruct.] Causing obstruction; blocking up; hindering; as, an obstruent medicine. Johnson.

Obstruent

Ob"stru*ent, n. Anything that obstructs or closes a passage; esp., that which obstructs natural passages in the body; as, a medicine which acts as an obstruent.

Obstupefaction

Ob*stu`pe*fac"tion (?), n. [L. obstuperfacere to stupefy.] See Stupefaction. [Obs.] Howell.

Obstupefactive

Ob*stu`pe*fac"tive (?), a. Stupefactive. [Obs.]

Obstupefy

Ob*stu"pe*fy (?), v. t. [Cf.L. obstupefacere. See Ob-, and Stupefy.] See Stupefy. [Obs.]

Obtain

Ob*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obtaining.] [F. obtenir, L. obtinere; ob (see Ob-) + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]

1. To hold; to keep; to possess. [Obs.]

His mother, then, is mortal, but his Sire He who obtains the monarchy of heaven. Milton.

2. To get hold of by effort; to gain possession of; to procure; to acquire, in any way.

Some pray for riches; riches they obtain. Dryden.
By guileful fair words peace may be obtained. Shak.
It may be that I may obtain children by her. Gen. xvi. 2.
Syn. -- To attain; gain; procure; acquire; win; earn. See Attain. -- To Obtain, Get, Gain, Earn, Acquire. The idea of getting is common to all these terms. We may, indeed, with only a slight change of sense, substitute get for either of them; as, to get or to gain a prize; to get or to obtain an employment; to get or to earn a living; to get or to acquire a language. To gain is to get by striving; and as this is often a part of our good fortune, the word gain is peculiarly applicable to whatever comes to us fortuitously. Thus, we gain a victory, we gain a cause, we gain an advantage, etc. To earn is to deserve by labor or service; as, to earn good wages; to earn a triumph. Unfortunately, one does not always get or obtain what he has earned. To obtain implies desire for possession, and some effort directed to the attainment of that which is not immediately within our reach. Whatever we thus seek and get, we obtain, whether by our own exertions or those of others; whether by good or bad means; whether permanently, or only for a time. Thus, a man obtains an employment; he obtains an answer to a letter, etc. To acquire is more limited and specific. We acquire what comes to us gradually in the regular exercise of our abilities, while we obtain what comes in any way, provided we desire it. Thus, we acquire knowledge, property, honor, reputation, etc. What we acquire becomes, to a great extent, permanently our own; as, to acquire a language; to acquire habits of industry, etc.

Obtain

Ob*tain", v. i.

1. To become held; to gain or have a firm footing; to be recognized or established; to subsist; to become prevalent or general; to prevail; as, the custom obtains of going to the seashore in summer.

Sobriety hath by use obtained to signify temperance in drinking. Jer. Taylor.
The Theodosian code, several hundred years after Justinian's time, did obtain in the western parts of Europe. Baker.

2. To prevail; to succeed. [R.] Evelyn.

So run that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24.
There is due from the judge to the advocate, some commendation, where causes are fair pleaded; especially towards the side which obtaineth not. Bacon.

Obtainable

Ob*tain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being obtained.

Obtainer

Ob*tain"er (?), n. One who obtains.

Obtainment

Ob*tain"ment (?), n. The act or process of obtaining; attainment. Milton.

Obtected

Ob*tect"ed (?), a. [L. obtectus, p.p. of obtegere to cover over.]

1. Covered; protected. [Obs.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with a hard chitinous case, as the pupa of certain files.

Obtemper

Ob*tem"per (?), v. t. & i. [See Obtemperate.] (Scots Law) To obey (a judgment or decree).

Obtemperate

Ob*tem"per*ate (?), v. t. [L. obtemperare, obtemperatum to obey.] To obey. [Obs.] Johnson.

Obtend

Ob*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtended; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtending.] [L.obtendere, obtentum, to stretch or place before or against; ob (see Ob-) + tendere to stretch.]

1. To oppose; to hold out in opposition. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. To offer as the reason of anything; to pretend. [Obs.] Dryden

Obtenebration

Ob*ten`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. obtenebrate to make dark.] The act of darkening; the state of being darkened; darkness. [Obs.]
In every megrim or vertigo, there is an obtenebration joined with a semblance of turning round. Bacon.

Obtension

Ob*ten"sion (?), n. [L. obtentio. See Obtend.] The act of obtending. [Obs.] Johnson.

Obtest

Ob*test" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtested; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtesting.] [L. obtestari; ob (see Ob-) + testari to witness, fr. testis a witness.]

1. To call to witness; to invoke as a witness. [R.] Dryden.

2. To beseech; to supplicate; to beg for. [R.]

Obtest

Ob*test", v. i. To protest. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

Obtestation

Ob`tes*ta"tion (?), n. [L. obtestatio.] The act of obtesting; supplication; protestation. [R.]
Antonio asserted this with great obtestation. Evelyn.

Obtrectation

Ob`trec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. obtrectatio, from obtrectare to detract from through envy. See Detract.] Slander; detraction; calumny. [Obs.] Barrow.

Obtrude

Ob*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtruded, p. pr. & vb. n. Obtruding.] [L. obtrudere, obtrusum; ob (see Ob-) + trudere to thrust. See Threat.]

1. To thrust impertinently; to present without warrant or solicitation; as, to obtrude one's self upon a company.

The objects of our senses obtrude their particular ideas upon our minds, whether we will or no. Lock.

2. To offer with unreasonable importunity; to urge unduly or against the will. Milton.

Obtrude

Ob*trude", v. i. To thrust one's self upon a company or upon attention; to intrude. Syn. -- To Obtrude, Intrude. To intrude is to thrust one's self into a place, society, etc., without right, or uninvited; to obtrude is to force one's self, remarks, opinions, etc., into society or upon persons with whom one has no such intimacy as to justify such boldness.

Obtruder

Ob*trud"er (?), n. One who obtrudes. Boyle.

Obtruncate

Ob*trun"cate (?), v. t. [L. obtruncatus, p.p. of obtruncare.] To deprive of a limb; to lop. [R.]

Obtruncation

Ob`trun*ca"tion (?), n. [L. obtruncatio.] The act of lopping or cutting off. [R.] Cockeram.

Obtrusion

Ob*tru"sion (?), n. [L. obtrusio. See Obtrude.]

1. The act of obtruding; a thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited; as, the obtrusion of crude opinions on the world.

2. That which is obtruded. Milton.

Obtrusionist

Ob*tru"sion*ist, n. One who practices or excuses obtrusion. [R.] Gent. Mag.

Obtrusive

Ob*tru"sive (?), a. Disposed to obtrude; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self or one's opinions upon others, or to enter uninvited; forward; pushing; intrusive. -- Ob*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- Ob*tru"sive*ness, n.
Not obvious, not obtrusive, but retired. Milton.

Obtund

Ob*tund" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtunded; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtunding.] [L. obtundere, obtusum; ob (see Ob-) + tundere to strike or beat. See Stutter.] To reduce the edge, pungency, or violent action of; to dull; to blunt; to deaden; to quell; as, to obtund the acrimony of the gall. [Archaic] Harvey.
They...have filled all our law books with the obtunding story of their suits and trials. Milton.

Obtundent

Ob*tund"ent (?), n. [L. obtundens, p.pr. of obtundere.] (Med.) A substance which sheathes a part, or blunts irritation, usually some bland, oily, or mucilaginous matter; -- nearly the same as demulcent. Forsyth.

Obtunder

Ob*tund"er (?), n. (Med.) That which obtunds or blunts; especially, that which blunts sensibility.

Obturation

Ob`tu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. obturare to stop up: cf.F. obturation.] The act of stopping up, or closing, an opening. "Deaf by an outward obturation." Bp. Hall.

Obturator

Ob"tu*ra`tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. obturare to stop up: cf.F. obturateur.]

1. That which closes or stops an opening.

2. (Surg.) An apparatus designed to close an unnatural opening, as a fissure of the palate.

Obturator

Ob"tu*ra`tor, a. (Anat.) Serving as an obturator; closing an opening; pertaining to, or in the region of, the obturator foramen; as, the obturator nerve. Obturator foramen (Anat.), an opening situated between the public and ischial parts of the innominate bone and closed by the obturator membrane; the thyroid foramen.

Obtusangular

Ob*tus"an`gu*lar (?), a. See Obstuseangular.

Obtuse

Ob*tuse" (?). a. [Compar. Obtuser (; superl. Obtusest.] [L. obtusus, p.p. of obtundere to blunt: cf. F. obtus. See Obtund.]

1. Not pointed or acute; blunt; -- applied esp. to angles greater than a right angle, or containing more than ninety degrees.

2. Not having acute sensibility or perceptions; dull; stupid; as, obtuse senses. Milton.

3. Dull; deadened; as, obtuse sound. Johnson.

Obtuse-angled, obtuse-angular

Ob*tuse"-an`gled (?), ob*tuse"-an`gu*lar (?), a. Having an obtuse angle; as, an obtuse-angled triangle.

Obtusely

Ob*tuse"ly, adv. In an obtuse manner.

Obtuseness

Ob*tuse"ness, n. State or quality of being obtuse.

Obtusion

Ob*tu"sion (, n. [L. obtusio, from obtundere to blunt. See Obtund.]

1. The act or process of making obtuse or blunt.

2. The state of being dulled or blunted; as, the obtusion of the senses. Harvey.

Obtusity

Ob*tu"si*ty (?), n. Obtuseness. Lond. Quart. Rev.

Obumbrant

Ob*um"brant (?), a. [L.obumbrans, p.pr.] (Zo\'94l.) Overhanging; as, obumbrant feathers.

Obumbrate

Ob*um"brate (?), v. t. [L. obumbratus, p.p. of obumbrare to overshadow, cloud; ob + umbrare to shade.] To shade; to darken; to cloud. [R.] Howell.

Obumbration

Ob`um*bra"tion (?), n. [L. obumbratio.] Act of darkening or obscuring. [R.] Sir T. More.

Obuncous

Ob*un"cous (?), a. [L. obuncus; ob (see Ob-) + uncus hooked.] Hooked or crooked in an extreme degree. Maunder.

Obvention

Ob*ven"tion (?), n. [L. obvention, fr. obvenire to come before or in the way of, to befall; ob (see Ob-) + venire to come: cf.F. obvention.] The act of happening incidentally; that which happens casually; an incidental advantage; an occasional offering. [Obs.] "Tithes and other obventions." Spenser.
Legacies bequeathed by the deaths of princes and great persons, and other casualities and obventions. Fuller.

Obversant

Ob*vers"ant (?), a. [L. obversans, p.pr. of obversari to hover before; ob (see Ob-) + versare to move about.] Conversant; familiar. [Obs.] Bacon.

Obverse

Ob*verse" (?), a. [L. obversus, p.p. of obvertere. See Obvert.] Having the base, or end next the attachment, narrower than the top, as a leaf.

Obverse

Ob"verse (?), n. [Cf.F. obverse, obvers. See Obverse, a.]

1. The face of a coin which has the principal image or inscription upon it; -- the other side being the reverse.

2. Anything necessarily involved in, or answering to, another; the more apparent or conspicuous of two possible sides, or of two corresponding things.

The fact that it [a belief] invariably exists being the obverse of the fact that there is no alternative belief. H. Spencer.
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Obversely

Ob*verse"ly (?), adv. In an obverse manner.

Obversion

Ob*ver"sion (?), n. [L. obversio a turning towards.]

1. The act of turning toward or downward.

2. (Logic) The act of immediate inference, by which we deny the opposite of anything which has been affirmed; as, all men are mortal; then, by obversion, no men are immortal. This is also described as "immediate inference by privative conception." Bain.

Obvert

Ob*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Obverting.] [L. obvertere; ob (see Ob-) + vertere to turn. See Verse.] To turn toward.
If its base be obverted towards us. I. Watts.

Obviate

Ob"vi*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obviated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obviating.] [L. obviare; ob (see Ob-) + viare to go, fr. via way. See Voyage.]

1. To meet in the way. [Obs.]

Not to stir a step to obviate any of a different religion. Fuller.

2. To anticipate; to prevent by interception; to remove from the way or path; to make unnecessary; as, to obviate the necessity of going.

To lay down everything in its full light, so as to obviate all exceptions. Woodward.

Obviation

Ob`vi*a"tion (?), n. The act of obviating, or the state of being obviated.

Obvious

Ob"vi*ous (?), a. [L. obvius; ob (see Ob-) + via way. See Voyage.]

1. Opposing; fronting. [Obs.]

To the evil turn My obvious breast. Milton.

2. Exposed; subject; open; liable. [Obs.] "Obvious to dispute." Milton.

3. Easily discovered, seen, or understood; readily perceived by the eye or the intellect; plain; evident; apparent; as, an obvious meaning; an obvious remark.

Apart and easy to be known they lie, Amidst the heap, and obvious to the eye. Pope.
Syn. -- Plain; clear; evident. See Manifest. -- Ob"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob"vi*ous-ness, n.

Obvolute, Obvoluted

Ob"vo*lute (?), Ob`vo*lu"ted (?), a. [L. obvolutus, p.p. of obvolvere to wrap round; ob (see Ob-) + volvere to roll.] Overlapping; contorted; convolute; -- applied primarily, in botany, to two opposite leaves, each of which has one edge overlapping the nearest edge of the other, and secondarily to a circle of several leaves or petals which thus overlap.

Oby

O"by (?), n. See Obi.

Oca

O"ca (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Peruvian name for certain species of Oxalis (O. crenata, and O. tuberosa) which bear edible tubers.

Occamy

Oc"ca*my (?), n. [A corruption of alchemy.] An alloy imitating gold or silver. [Written also ochimy, ochymy, etc.]

Occasion

Oc*ca"sion (?), n. [F. occasion, L. occasio, fr.occidere, occasum, to fall down; ob (see Ob-) + cadere to fall. See Chance, and cf. Occident.]

1. A falling out, happening, or coming to pass; hence, that which falls out or happens; occurrence; incident.

The unlooked-for incidents of family history, and its hidden excitements, and its arduous occasions. I. Taylor.

2. A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance; convenience.

Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me. Rom. vii. 11.
I'll take the occasion which he gives to bring Him to his death. Waller.

3. An occurrence or condition of affairs which brings with it some unlooked-for event; that which incidentally brings to pass an event, without being its efficient cause or sufficient reason; accidental or incidental cause.

Her beauty was the occasion of the war. Dryden.

4. Need; exigency; requirement; necessity; as, I have no occasion for firearms.

After we have served ourselves and our own occasions. Jer. Taylor.
When my occasions took me into France. Burke.

5. A reason or excuse; a motive; a persuasion.

Whose manner was, all passengers to stay, And entertain with her occasions sly. Spenser.
On occasion, in case of need; in necessity; as convenience requires; occasionally. "That we might have intelligence from him on occasion," De Foe. Syn. -- Need; incident; use. See Opportunity.

Occasion

Oc*ca"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Occasioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Occasioning.] [Cf.F. occasionner.] To give occasion to; to cause; to produce; to induce; as, to occasion anxiety. South.
If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes. Locke.

Occasionable

Oc*ca"sion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being occasioned or caused. Barrow.

Occasional

Oc*ca"sion*al (?), a. [Cf.F. occasionnel.]

1. Of or pertaining to an occasion or to occasions; occuring at times, but not constant, regular, or systematic; made or happening as opportunity requires or admits; casual; incidental; as, occasional remarks, or efforts.

The... occasional writing of the present times. Bagehot.

2. Produced by accident; as, the occasional origin of a thing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Occasional cause (Metaph.), some circumstance preceding an effect which, without being the real cause, becomes the occasion of the action of the efficient cause; thus, the act of touching gunpowder with fire is the occasional, but not the efficient, cause of an explosion.

Occasionalism

Oc*ca"sion*al*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) The system of occasional causes; -- a name given to certain theories of the Cartesian school of philosophers, as to the intervention of the First Cause, by which they account for the apparent reciprocal action of the soul and the body.

Occasionality

Oc*ca`sion*al"i*ty (?), n. Quality or state of being occasional; occasional occurrence. [R.]

Occasionally

Oc*ca"sion*al*ly (?), adv. In an occasional manner; on occasion; at times, as convenience requires or opportunity offers; not regularly. Stewart.
The one, Wolsey, directly his subject by birth; the other, his subject occasionally by his preferment. Fuller.

Occasionate

Oc*ca"sion*ate (?), v. t. To occasion. [Obs.]
The lowest may occasionate much ill. Dr. H. More.

Occasioner

Oc*ca"sion*er (?), n. One who, or that which, occasions, causes, or produces. Bp. Sanderson.

Occasive

Oc*ca"sive (?), a. [L. occasivus, fr. occasus a going down, setting of the heavenly bodies, fr. occidere to fall or down. See Occasion.] Of or pertaining to the setting sun; falling; descending; western.

Occecation

Oc*ce*ca"tion (?), n. [L. occaecatio, fr. occaecare to make blind; ob + caecare to blind, fr. caecus blind.] The act of making blind, or the state of being blind. [R.] "This inward occecation." Bp. Hall.

Occident

Oc"ci*dent (?), n. [F., fr. L. occidens, occidentis, fr. occidents, p.pr. of occidere to fall or go down. See Occasion.] The part of the horizon where the sun last appears in the evening; that part of the earth towards the sunset; the west; -- opposed to orient. Specifically, in former times, Europe as opposed to Asia; now, also, the Western hemisphere. Chaucer.
I may wander from east to occident. Shak.

Occidental

Oc`ci*den"tal (?), a. [L. occidentalis; cf. F.occidental.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or situated in, the occident, or west; western; -- opposed to oriental; as, occidental climates, or customs; an occidental planet.

2. Possessing inferior hardness, brilliancy, or beauty; -- used of inferior precious stones and gems, because those found in the Orient are generally superior.

Occidentals

Oc`ci*den"tals (?), n.pl. (Eccl.) Western Christians of the Latin rite. See Orientals. Shipley.

Occiduous

Oc*cid"u*ous (?), a. [L. occiduus, fr. occidere to go down.] Western; occidental. [R.] Blount.

Occipital

Oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. occipital.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the occiput, or back part of the head, or to the occipital bone. Occipital bone (Anat.), the bone which forms the posterior segment of the skull and surrounds the great foramen by which the spinal cord leaves the cranium. In the higher vertebrates it is usually composed of four bones, which become consolidated in the adult. -- Occipital point (Anat.), the point of the occiput in the mesial plane farthest from the ophryon.

Occipital

Oc*cip"i*tal, n. (Anat.) The occipital bone.

Occipito-

Oc*cip"i*to- (. [See Occiput.] A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near, the occiput; as, occipito-axial; occipito-mastoid.

Occipitoaxial

Oc*cip`i*to*ax"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the occipital bone and second vertebra, or axis.

Occiput

Oc"ci*put (?), n.; pl. L. Occipita (#), E. Occiputs. [L., fr. ob (see Ob-) + caput head. See Chief.]

1. (Anat.) The back, or posterior, part of the head or skull; the region of the occipital bone.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A plate which forms the back part of the head of insects.

Occision

Oc*ci"sion (?), n. [L.occisio, fr. occidere, occisium, to cut down, to kill; ob (see Ob-) + caedere to cut.] A killing; the act of killing. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Occlude

Oc*clude" (?), v. t. [L. occludere, occlusum; ob (see Ob-) + claudere to shut.]

1. To shut up; to close. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Chem.) To take in and retain; to absorb; -- said especially with respect to gases; as iron, platinum, and palladium occlude large volumes of hydrogen.

Occludent

Oc*clud"ent (?), a. [L.occludens, p.pr. of occludere.] Serving to close; shutting up. -- n. That which closes or shuts up. Sterne.

Occluse

Oc*cluse" (?), a. [L. occlusus, p.p. See Occlude.] Shut; closed. [Obs.] Holder.

Occlusion

Oc*clu"sion (?), n. [See Occlude.]

1. The act of occluding, or the state of being occluded.

Constriction and occlusion of the orifice. Howell.

2. (Med.) The transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening; imperforation. Dunglison. Occlusion of gases (Chem. & Physics), the phenomenon of absorbing gases, as exhibited by platinum, palladium, iron, or charcoal; thus, palladium absorbs, or occludes, nearly a thousand times its own volume of hydrogen, and in this case a chemical compound seems to be formed.

Occrustate

Oc*crus"tate (?), v. t. [See Ob-, and Crustated.] To incrust; to harden. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Occult

Oc*cult" (?), a. [L. occultus, p.p. of occulere to cover up, hide; ob (see Ob-) + a root prob.akin to E. hell: cf. F. occulte.] Hidden from the eye or the understanding; inviable; secret; concealed; unknown.
It is of an occult kind, and is so insensible in its advances as to escape observation. I. Taylor.
Occult line (Geom.), a line drawn as a part of the construction of a figure or problem, but not to appear in the finished plan. -- Occult qualities, those qualities whose effects only were observed, but the nature and relations of whose productive agencies were undetermined; -- so called by the schoolmen. -- Occult sciences, those sciences of the Middle Ages which related to the supposed action or influence of occult qualities, or supernatural powers, as alchemy, magic, necromancy, and astrology.

Occult

Oc*cult", v. t. To eclipse; to hide from sight.

Occultation

Oc`cul*ta"tion (?), n. [L. occultatio a hiding, fr. occultare, v. intens. of occulere: cf.F. occultation. See Occult.]

1. (Astron.) The hiding of a heavenly body from sight by the intervention of some other of the heavenly bodies; -- applied especially to eclipses of stars and planets by the moon, and to the eclipses of satellites of planets by their primaries.

2. Fig.: The state of being occult.

The reappearance of such an author after those long periods of occultation. Jeffrey.
Circle of perpetual occultation. See under Circle.

Occulted

Oc*cult"ed, a.

1. Hidden; secret. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Astron.) Concealed by the intervention of some other heavenly body, as a star by the moon.

Occulting

Oc*cult"ing (?), n. Same as Occultation.

Occultism

Oc*cult"ism (?), n. A certain Oriental system of theosophy. A. P. Sinnett.

Occultist

Oc*cult"ist, n. An adherent of occultism.

Occultly

Oc*cult"ly, adv. In an occult manner.

Occultness

Oc*cult"ness, n. State or quality of being occult.

Occupancy

Oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Occupant.] The act of taking or holding possession; possession; occupation. Title by occupancy (Law), a right of property acquired by taking the first possession of a thing, or possession of a thing which belonged to nobody, and appropriating it. Blackstone. Kent.

Occupant

Oc"cu*pant (?), n. [L. occupans, p.pr. of occupare: cf. F. occupant. See Occupy.]

1. One who occupies, or takes possession; one who has the actual use or possession, or is in possession, of a thing. &hand; This word, in law, sometimes signifies one who takes the first possession of a thing that has no owner.

2. A prostitute. [Obs.] Marston.

Occupate

Oc"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. occupatus, p.p. of occupare. See Occupy.] To occupy. [Obs.] Bacon.

Occupation

Oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. occupatio: cf.F. occupation.]

1. The act or process of occupying or taking possession; actual possession and control; the state of being occupied; a holding or keeping; tenure; use; as, the occupation of lands by a tenant.

2. That which occupies or engages the time and attention; the principal business of one's life; vocation; employment; calling; trade.

Absence of occupation is not rest. Cowper.
Occupation bridge (Engin.), a bridge connecting the parts of an estate separated by a railroad, a canal, or an ordinary road. Syn. -- Occupancy; possession; tenure; use; employment; avocation; engagement; vocation; calling; office; trade; profession.

Occupier

Oc"cu*pi`er (?), n.

1. One who occupies, or has possession.

2. One who follows an employment; hence, a tradesman. [Obs.] "Merchants and occupiers." Holland.

The occupiers of thy merchandise. Ezek. xxvii. 27.

Occupy

Oc"cu*py (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Occupied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Occupying (?).] [OE. occupien, F. occuper, fr.L. occupare; ob (see Ob-) + a word akin to capere to take. See Capacious.]

1. To take or hold possession of; to hold or keep for use; to possess.

Woe occupieth the fine [/end] of our gladness. Chaucer.
The better apartments were already occupied. W. Irving
.

2. To hold, or fill, the dimensions of; to take up the room or space of; to cover or fill; as, the camp occupies five acres of ground. Sir J. Herschel.

3. To possess or use the time or capacity of; to engage the service of; to employ; to busy.

An archbishop may have cause to occupy more chaplains than six. Eng. Statute (Hen. VIII. )
They occupied themselves about the Sabbath. 2 Macc. viii. 27.

4. To do business in; to busy one's self with. [Obs.]

All the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy the merchandise. Ezek. xxvii. 9.
Not able to occupy their old crafts. Robynson (More's Utopia).

5. To use; to expend; to make use of. [Obs.]

All the gold that was occupied for the work. Ex. xxxviii. 24.
They occupy not money themselves. Robynson (More's Utopia).

6. To have sexual intercourse with. [Obs.] Nares.

Occupy

Oc"cu*py, v. i.

1. To hold possession; to be an occupant. "Occupy till I come." Luke xix. 13.

2. To follow business; to traffic.

Occur

Oc*cur" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Occurred(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Occurring (?).] [L. occurrere, occursum; ob (see Ob-) + currere to run. See Course.]

1. To meet; to clash. [Obs.]

The resistance of the bodies they occur with. Bentley.

2. To go in order to meet; to make reply. [Obs.]

I must occur to one specious objection. Bentley.

3. To meet one's eye; to be found or met with; to present itself; to offer; to appear; to happen; to take place; as, I will write if opportunity occurs.

In Scripture, though the word heir occur, yet there is no such thing as "heir" in our author's sense. Locke.

4. To meet or come to the mind; to suggest itself; to be presented to the imagination or memory.

There doth not occur to me any use of this experiment for profit. Bacon.

Occurrence

Oc*cur"rence (?), n. [Cf. F. occurrence. See Occur.]

1. A coming or happening; as, the occurence of a railway collision.

Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual occurrence and expectation of something new. I. Watts.

2. Any incident or event; esp., one which happens without being designed or expected; as, an unusual occurrence, or the ordinary occurrences of life.

All the occurrence of my fortune. Shak.
Syn. -- See Event.

Occurrent

Oc*cur"rent (?), a. [L. occurrens, -entis, p.pr. of occurrere: cf.F. occurrent. See Occur.] Occurring or happening; hence, incidental; accidental.

Occurrent

Oc*cur"rent (?), n.

1. One who meets; hence, an adversary. [Obs.] Holland.

2. Anything that happens; an occurrence. [Obs.]

These we must meet with in obvious occurrents of the world. Sir T. Browne.

Occurse

Oc*curse" (?), n. [L.occursus.] Same as Occursion. [Obs.] Bentley.

Occursion

Oc*cur"sion (?), n. [L.occursio. See Occur.] A meeting; a clash; a collision. [Obs.] Boyle.
Page 995

Ocean

O"cean (?), n. [F. oc\'82an, L. oceanus, Gr.

1. The whole body of salt water which covers more than three fifths of the surface of the globe; -- called also the sea, or great sea.

Like the odor of brine from the ocean Comes the thought of other years. Longfellow.

2. One of the large bodies of water into which the great ocean is regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic oceans.

3. An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent limits; as, the boundless ocean of eternity; an ocean of affairs. Locke.

Ocean

O"cean (?), a. Of or pertaining to the main or great sea; as, the ocean waves; an ocean stream. Milton.

Oceanic

O`ce*an"ic (?), a. [Cf.F. oc\'82anique. See Ocean.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ocean; found or formed in or about, or produced by, the ocean; frequenting the ocean, especially mid-ocean.

Petrels are the most a\'89rial and oceanic of birds. Darwin.

2. Of or pertaining to Oceania or its inhabitants.

Oceanography

O`cean*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Ocean + -graphy.] A description of the ocean.

Oceanology

O`cean*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ocean + -logy.] That branch of science which relates to the ocean.

Oceanus

O*ce"a*nus (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gr.Myth.) The god of the great outer sea, or the river which was believed to flow around the whole earth.

Ocellary

O*cel"la*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to ocelli.

Ocellate

O*cel"late (?), a. Same as Ocellated.

Ocellated

O*cel"la*ted (?), a. [L.ocellatus, fr. ocellus a little eye, dim. of oculus an eye.]

1. Resembling an eye.

2. Marked with eyelike spots of color; as, the ocellated blenny. Ocellated turkey (Zo\'94l.), the wild turkey of Central America (Meleagris ocellata).

Ocellus

O*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Ocelli (#). [L., dim. of oculus an eye.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A little eye; a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates. (b) An eyelike spot of color, as those on the tail of the peacock.

Oceloid

O"ce*loid (?), a. [Ocelot + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the ocelot.

Ocelot

O"ce*lot (?), n. [Mexican ocelotl.] (Zo\'94l.) An American feline carnivore (Felis pardalis). It ranges from the Southwestern United States to Patagonia. It is covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches, which are variously arranged. The ground color varies from reddish gray to tawny yellow.

Ocher, Ochre

O"cher, O"chre (?), n. [F.ocre, L. ochra, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A impure earthy ore of iron or a ferruginous clay, usually red (hematite) or yellow (limonite), -- used as a pigment in making paints, etc. The name is also applied to clays of other colors. (b) A metallic oxide occurring in earthy form; as, tungstic ocher or tungstite.

Ocherous, Ochreous

O"cher*ous, O"chre*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. ocreux.] Of or pertaining to ocher; containing or resembling ocher; as, ocherous matter; ocherous soil.

Ochery

O"cher*y (?), a. Ocherous. [Written also ochrey, ochry.]

Ochimy

Och`i*my (?), n. [Obs.] See Occamy.

Ochlesis

Och*le"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A general morbid condition induced by the crowding together of many persons, esp. sick persons, under one roof. G. Gregory.

Ochlocracy

Och*loc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. ochlocratie.] A form of government by the multitude; a mobocracy. Hare.

Ochlocratic, Ochlocratical

Och`lo*crat`ic (?), Och`lo*crat`ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ochlocracy; having the form or character of an ochlocracy; mobocratic. -- Och`lo*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ochraceous

O*chra"ceous (?), a. Ocherous.

Ochre

O"chre (?), n. (Min.) See Ocher.

Ochrea

O"chre*a (?), n.; pl. Ochre\'91e (#). [L.]

1. (Antiq.) A greave or legging.

2. (Bot.) A kind of sheath formed by two stipules united round a stem.

Ochreate, Ochreated

O"chre*ate (?), O"chre*a`ted (?), a.

1. Wearing or furnished with an ochrea or legging; wearing boots; booted.

A scholar undertook...to address himself ochreated unto the vice chancellor. Fuller.

2. (Bot.) Provided with ochrea, or sheathformed stipules, as the rhubarb, yellow dock, and knotgrass.

Ochreous

O"chre*ous (?), a. See Ocherous.

Ochrey

O"chrey (?), a. See Ochery.

Ochroleucous

Och`ro*leu"cous (?), a. [Gr. Yellowish white; having a faint tint of dingy yellow. Gray.

Ochry

O"chry (?), a. See Ochery.

Ochymy

Och"y*my (?), n. [Obs.] See Occamy.

-ock

-ock (?). [AS. -uc.] A suffix used to form diminutives; as, bullock, hillock.

Ocra

O"cra (?), n. (Bot.) See Okra.

Ocrea

O"cre*a (?), n. [L.] See Ochrea.

Ocreate, Ocreated

O"cre*ate (?), O"cre*a"ted (?), a. [See Ochrea.] Same as Ochreate, Ochreated.

Octa-

Oc"ta- (?). A prefix meaning eight. See Octo-.

Octachord

Oc"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. octacorde.] (Mus.) An instrument of eight strings; a system of eight tones. [Also written octochord.]

Octad

Oc"tad (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An atom or radical which has a valence of eight, or is octavalent.

Octaedral

Oc`ta*e"dral (?), a. See Octahedral.

Octaemeron

Oc`ta*em"e*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.) A fast of eight days before a great festival. Shipley.

Octagon

Oc"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. cctogone.]

1. (Geom.) A plane figure of eight sides and eight angles.

2. Any structure (as a fortification) or place with eight sides or angles. Regular octagon, one in which the sides are all equal, and the angles also are all equal.

Octagonal

Oc*tag"o*nal (?), a. Having eight sides and eight angles.

Octagynous

Oc*tag"y*nous (?), a. [Octa- + Gr. (Bot.) Having eight pistils or styles; octogynous.

Octahedral

Oc`ta*he"dral (?), a. [See Octahedron.] Having eight faces or sides; of, pertaining to, or formed in, octahedrons; as, octahedral cleavage. Octahedral borax (Chem.), borax obtained from a saturated solution in octahedral crystals, which contain five molecules of water of crystallization; distinguished from common or prismatic borax. -- Octahedral iron ore (Min.), magnetite.

Octahedrite

Oc`ta*he"drite (?), n. (Min.) Titanium dioxide occurring in acute octahedral crystals.

Octahedron

Oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A solid bounded by eight faces. The regular octahedron is contained by eight equal equilateral triangles.

Octamerous

Oc*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Octa- + Gr. (Biol.) Having the parts in eights; as, an octamerous flower; octamerous mesenteries in polyps.

Octameter

Oc*tam"e*ter (?), n. [Cf.L. octameter in eight feet. See Octa-, and meter.] (Pros.) A verse containing eight feet; as, --
Deep\'b6 in|to\'b6 the | dark\'b6ness | peer\'b6ing, | long\'b6 I | stood\'b6 there | wond'\'b6ring, | fear\'b6ing. Poe.

Octander

Oc*tan"der (?), n. One of the Octandria.

Octandria

Oc*tan"dri*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants, in which the flowers have eight stamens not united to one another or to the pistil.

Octandrian, Octandrous

Oc*tan"dri*an (?), Oc*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Octandria; having eight distinct stamens.

Octane

Oc"tane (?), n. [See Octa-] . (Chem.) Any one of a group of metametric hydrocarcons (C8H18) of the methane series. The most important is a colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene or ligroin.

Octangular

Oc*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [L.octangulus eight-cornered; octo eight + angulus angle.] Having eight angles; eight-angled. -- Oc*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.

Octant

Oc"tant (?), n. [L. octans, -antis. fr. octo eight. See Octave.]

1. (Geom.) The eighth part of a circle; an arc of 45 degrees.

2. (Astron. & Astrol.) The position or aspect of a heavenly body, as the moon or a planet, when half way between conjunction, or opposition, and quadrature, or distant from another body 45 degrees.

3. An instrument for measuring angles (generally called a quadrant), having an arc which measures up to 9O°, but being itself the eighth part of a circle. Cf. Sextant.

4. (Math. & Crystallog.) One of the eight parts into which a space is divided by three co\'94rdinate planes.

Octapla

Oc"ta*pla (?), n.; etymol. pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr.Gr. -pla, as in E. hexapla; cf.Gr. A portion of the Old Testament prepared by Origen in the 3d century, containing the Hebrew text and seven Greek versions of it, arranged in eight parallel columns.

Octaroon

Oc`ta*roon" (?), n. See Octoroon.

Octastyle

Oc"ta*style (?), a. See Octostyle.

Octateuch

Oc"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. octateuchus, Gr. A collection of eight books; especially, the first eight books of the Old Testament. [R.]

Octavalent

Oc*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Octa- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of eight; capable of being combined with, exchanged for, or compared with, eight atoms of hydrogen; -- said of certain atoms or radicals.

Octave

Oc"tave (?), n. [F., fr. L. octava an eighth, fr. octavus eighth, fr. octo eight. See Eight, and cf. Octavo, Utas.]

1. The eighth day after a church festival, the festival day being included; also, the week following a church festival. "The octaves of Easter." Jer. Taylor.

2. (Mus.) (a) The eighth tone in the scale; the interval between one and eight of the scale, or any interval of equal length; an interval of five tones and two semitones. (b) The whole diatonic scale itself. &hand; The ratio of a musical tone to its octave above is 1:2 as regards the number of vibrations producing the tones.

3. (Poet.) The first two stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of four verses each; a stanza of eight lines.

With mournful melody it continued this octave. Sir P. Sidney.
Double octave. (Mus.) See under Double. -- Octave flute (Mus.), a small flute, the tones of which range an octave higher than those of the German or ordinary flute; -- called also piccolo. See Piccolo.

4. A small cask of wine, the eighth part of a pipe.

Octave

Oc"tave (?), a. Consisting of eight; eight. Dryden.

Octavo

Oc*ta"vo (?), n.;pl. Octavos (#). [L. in octavo; in in + octavo, abl. of octavus. See Octave.] A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eight leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; -- usually written 8vo or 8°.

Octavo

Oc*ta"vo, a. Having eight leaves to a sheet; as, an octavo form, book, leaf, size, etc.

Octene

Oc"tene (?), n. [See Octo-.] (Chem.) Same as Octylene.

Octennial

Oc*ten"ni*al (?), a. [L. octennium a period of eight years; octo eight + annus year.] Happening every eighth year; also, lasting a period of eight years. Johnson. -- Oc*ten"ni*al*ly, adv.

Octet

Oc*tet" (?), n. [From L. octo eight, like E. duet, fr.L.duo. See Octave.] (Mus.) A composition for eight parts, usually for eight solo instruments or voices.

Octic

Oc"tic (?), a. [Octo- + -ic.] (Math.) Of the eighth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the eighth degree.

Octile

Oc"tile (?), n. [Cf. F. octil, a. See Octant.] Same as Octant, 2. [R.]

Octillion

Oc*til"lion (?), n. [L. octo eight + -illion, as in E. million: cf. F. octillion.] According to the French method of numeration (which method is followed also in the United States) the number expressed by a unit with twenty-seven ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. See Numeration.

Octo-, Octa-

Oc"to- (?), Oc"ta- (?). [L.octo eight, Gr. Eight.] A combining form meaning eight; as in octodecimal, octodecimal, octolocular.

Octoate

Oc"to*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of an octoic acid; a caprylate.

October

Oc*to"ber (?), n. [L., the eighth month of the primitive Roman year, which began in March, fr. octo eight: cf.F. Octobre. See Octave.]

1. The tenth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

2. Ale or cider made in that month.

The country gentlemen had a posset or drink they called October. Emerson.

Octocera

Oc*toc"e*ra (?), n.pl. [NL.] Octocerata.

Octocerata

Oc`to*cer"a*ta (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Cephalopoda including Octopus, Argonauta, and allied genera, having eight arms around the head; -- called also Octopoda.

Octochord

Oc"to*chord (?), n. (Mus.) See Octachord.

Octodecimo

Oc`todec"i*mo (?), a. [L. octodecim eighteen. See Octavo, Decimal, and -mo.] Having eighteen leaves to a sheet; as, an octodecimo form, book, leaf, size, etc.

Octodecimo

Oc`to*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Octodecimos (. A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eighteen leaves; hence; indicating more or less definitely a size of book, whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 18mo or 18°, and called eighteenmo.

Octodentate

Oc`to*den"tate (?), a. [Octo- + dentate.] Having eight teeth.

Octodont

Oc"to*dont (?), a. [Octo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Octodontid\'91, a family of rodents which includes the coypu, and many other South American species.

Octoedrical

Oc`to*ed"ric*al (?), a. See Octahedral. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Octofid

Oc"to*fid (?), a. [Octo- + root of L. findere to split: cf.F. octofide.] (Bot.) Cleft or separated into eight segments, as a calyx.

Octogamy

Oc*tog"a*my (?), n. [Octo- + Gr. A marrying eight times. [R.] Chaucer.

Octogenarian

Oc`to*ge*na"ri*an (?), n. A person eighty years, or more, of age.

Octogenary

Oc*tog"e*na*ry (?), a. [L. octogenarrus, from octogeni eighty each, octoginta eighty, fr. octo eight. See Eight, Eighty.] Of eighty years of age. "Being then octogenary." Aubrey.

Octogild

Oc"to*gild (?), n. [Octo- + AS. gild payment.] (Anglo-Saxon Law) A pecuniary compensation for an injury, of eight times the value of the thing.

Octogonal

Oc*tog"o*nal (?), a. See Octagonal. [Obs.]

Octogynia

Oc`to*gyn"i*a (?), n.pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A Linnaean order of plants having eight pistils.

Octogynian, Octogynous

Oc`to*gyn"i*an (?), Oc*tog"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Having eight pistils; octagynous.

Octoic

Oc*to"ic (?), a. [See Octo-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, octane; -- used specifically, to designate any one of a group of acids, the most important of which is called caprylic acid.
Page 996

Octolocular

Oc`to*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Octo- + locular.] (Bot.) Having eight cells for seeds.

Octonaphthene

Oc`to*naph"thene (?), n. [Octo- + naphthene.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon of the octylene series, occurring in Caucasian petroleum.

Octonary

Oc`to*na*ry (?), a. [L. octonarius, fr. octoni eight each, fr. octo eight.] Of or pertaining to the number eight. Dr. H. More.

Octonocular

Oc`to*noc"u*lar (?), a. [L. octoni eight each + E. ocular.] Having eight eyes. Derham.

Octopede

Oc`to*pede (?), n. [Octo- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having eight feet, as a spider.

Octopetalous

Oc`to*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Octo- + petal.] (Bot.) Having eight petals or flower leaves.

Octopod

Oc"to*pod (?), n. [Gr. octopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Octocerata.

Octopoda

Oc*top"o*da (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Same as Octocerata. (b) Same as Arachnida.

Octopodia

Oc`to*po"di*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Octocerata.

Octopus

Oc"to*pus (?), n. [NL. See Octopod.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of eight-armed cephalopods, including numerous species, some of them of large size. See Devilfish,

Octoradiated

Oc`to*ra"*di*a`ted (?), a. [Octo- + radiated.] Having eight rays.

Octoroon

Oc`to*roon" (?), n. [L. octo eight + -roon, as in quadroon.] The offspring of a quadroon and a white person; a mestee.

Octospermous

Oc`to*sper"mous (?), a. [Octo- + Cr. (Bot.) Containing eight seeds.

Octostichous

Oc*tos"ti*chous (?), a. [Octo- + Gr. (Bot.) In eight vertical ranks, as leaves on a stem.

Octostyle

Oc"to*style (?), a. [Octo- + Gr. octostyle.] (Arch.) Having eight columns in the front; -- said of a temple or portico. The Parthenon is octostyle, but most large Greek temples are hexastele. See Hexastyle. -- n. An octostyle portico or temple.

Octosyllabic, Octosyllabical

Oc`to*syl*lab"ic (?), Oc`to*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [L. octosyllabus. See Octo-, and Syllable.] Consisting of or containing eight syllables.

Octosyllable

Oc"to*syl`la*ble (?), a. Octosyllabic.

Octosyllable

Oc"to*syl`la*ble, n. A word of eight syllables.

Octoyl

Oc"to*yl (, n. [Octoic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical (C8H15O), regarded as the essential residue of octoic acid.

Octroi

Oc`troi" (?), n. [F.]

1. A privilege granted by the sovereign authority, as the exclusive right of trade granted to a guild or society; a concession.

2. A tax levied in money or kind at the gate of a French city on articles brought within the walls. [Written also octroy.]

Octuor

Oc"tu*or (?), n. [From L. octo eight + -uor, as in L. quatuor.] (Mus.) See Octet. [R.]

Octuple

Oc"tu*ple (?), a. [L. octuplus; cf. Gr. octuple.] Eightfold.

Octyl

Oc"tyl (?), n. [Octane + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of octane, and as entering into its derivatives; as, octyl alcohol.

Octylene

Oc"tyl*ene (?), n. [Octane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of metameric hydrocarbons (C8H16) of the ethylene series. In general they are combustible, colorless liquids.

Octylic

Oc*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, octyl; as, octylic ether.

Ocular

Oc"u*lar (?), a. [L. ocularis, ocularius, fr. oculus the eye: cf.F. oculaire. See Eye, and cf. Antler, Inveigle.]

1. Depending on, or perceived by, the eye; received by actual sight; personally seeing or having seen; as, ocular proof. Shak.

Thomas was an ocular witness of Christ's death. South.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the eye; optic.

Ocular

Oc"u*lar, n. (Opt.) The eyepiece of an optical instrument, as of a telescope or microscope.

Ocularly

Oc"u*lar*ly, adv. By the eye, or by actual sight.

Oculary

Oc"u*la*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; optic; as, oculary medicines. Holland.

Oculate, Oculated

Oc"u*late (?), Oc"u*la`ted (?), a. [L. oculatus, fr. oculus eye.]

1. Furnished with eyes.

2. Having spots or holes resembling eyes; ocellated.

Oculiform

Oc`u*li*form (?), a. [L. oculus the eye + form: cf.F. oculiforme.] In the form of an eye; resembling an eye; as, an oculiform pebble.

Oculina

Oc`u*li"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. oculus the eye.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of tropical corals, usually branched, and having a very volid texture.

Oculinacea

Oc`u*li*na"*ce*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. NL. oculina the name of a typical genus.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of corals including many reef-building species, having round, starlike calicles.

Oculist

Oc"u*list (?), n. [L. oculus the eye: cf. F. oculiste.] One skilled in treating diseases of the eye.

Oculo-

Oc"u*lo- (?). A combining form from L. oculus the eye.

Oculomotor

Oc`u*lo*mo"tor (?), a. [Oculo- + motor.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the movement of the eye; -- applied especially to the common motor nerves (or third pair of cranial nerves) which supply many of the muscles of the orbit. -- n. The oculomotor nerve.

Oculonasal

Oc`u*lo*na"sal (?), a. [Oculo- + nasal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the region of the eye and the nose; as, the oculonasal, or nasal, nerve, one of the branches of the ophthalmic.

Oculus

Oc"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Oculi (#). [L., an eye.]

1. An eye; (Bot.) a leaf bud.

2. (Arch.) A round window, usually a small one.

Ocypodian

O`cy*po"di*an, n. [Gr. 'wky`s swift + poy`s, podo`s, foot.] (Zo\'94l.)One of a tribe of crabs which live in holes in the sand along the seashore, and run very rapidly, -- whence the name.

Od

Od (?), n. [G., fr. Gr. (Physics) An alleged force or natural power, supposed, by Reichenbach and others, to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital action, etc.; -- called also odyle or the odylic force. [Archaic]
That od force of German Reichenbach Which still, from female finger tips, burnt blue. Mrs. Browning.

Odalisque

O`da`lisque" (?), n. [F., fr. Turk. odaliq chambermaid, fr. oda chamber, room.] A female slave or concubine in the harem of the Turkish sultan. [Written also odahlic, odalisk, and odalik.]
Not of those that men desire, sleek Odalisques, or oracles of mode. Tennyson.

Odd

Odd (?), a. [Compar. Odder (?); superl. Oddest.] [OE. odde, fr.Icel. oddi a tongue of land, a triangle, an odd number (from the third or odd angle, or point, of a triangle), orig., a point, tip; akin to Icel. oddr point, point of a weapon, Sw. udda odd, udd point, Dan. od, AS. ord, OHG. ort, G. ort place (cf. E. point, for change of meaning).]

1. Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing; without a mate; unmatched; single; as, an odd shoe; an odd glove.

2. Not divisible by 2 without a remainder; not capable of being evenly paired, one unit with another; as, 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, etc., are odd numbers.

I hope good luck lies in odd numbers. Shak.

3. Left over after a definite round number has been taken or mentioned; indefinitely, but not greatly, exceeding a specified number; extra.

Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made, it was destroyed in a deluge. T. Burnet.
There are yet missing of your company Some few odd lads that you remember not. Shak.

4. Remaining over; unconnected; detached; fragmentary; hence, occasional; inconsiderable; as, odd jobs; odd minutes; odd trifles.

5. Different from what is usual or common; unusual; singular; peculiar; unique; strange. "An odd action." Shak. "An odd expression." Thackeray.

The odd man, to perform all things perfectly, is, in my poor opinion, Joannes Sturmius. Ascham.
Patients have sometimes coveted odd things. Arbuthnot.
Locke's Essay would be a very odd book for a man to make himself master of, who would get a reputation by critical writings. Spectator.
Syn. -- Quaint; unmatched; singular; unusual; extraordinary; strange; queer; eccentric, whimsical; fantastical; droll; comical. See Quaint.

Odd Fellow

Odd" Fel`low (?). A member of a secret order, or fraternity, styled the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, established for mutual aid and social enjoyment.

Oddity

Odd"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Oddities (.

1. The quality or state of being odd; singularity; queerness; peculiarity; as, oddity of dress, manners, and the like.

That infinitude of oddities in him. Sterne.

2. That which is odd; as, a collection of oddities.

Oddly

Odd"ly, adv.

1. In an odd manner; unevently. [R.]

2. In a peculiar manner; strangely; queerly; curiously. "A figure a little more oddly turned." Locke.

A great black substance,... very oddly shaped. Swift.

3. (Math.) In a manner measured by an odd number.

Oddness

Odd"ness, n.

1. The state of being odd, or not even.

Take but one from three, and you not only destroy the oddness, but also the essence of that number. Fotherby.

2. Singularity; strangeness; eccentricity; irregularity; uncouthness; as, the oddness of dress or shape; the oddness of an event. Young.

Odds

Odds (?), n. sing. & pl. [See Odd, a.]

1. Difference in favor of one and against another; excess of one of two things or numbers over the other; inequality; advantage; superiority; hence, excess of chances; probability. "Pre\'89minent by so much odds." Milton. "The fearful odds of that unequal fray." Trench.

The odds Is that we scare are men and you are gods. Shak.
There appeared, at least, four to one odds against them. Swift.
All the odds between them has been the different s "cope....given to their understandings to range in. Locke.
Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the odds lie. Locke.

2. Quarrel; dispute; debate; strife; -- chiefly in the phraze at odds.

Set them into confounding odds. Shak.
I can not speak Any beginning to this peevish odds. Shak.
At odds, in dispute; at variance. "These squires at odds did fall." Spenser. "He flashes into one gross crime or other, that sets us all at odds." Shak. -- It is odds, it is probable. [Obs.]<-- = "odds are" --> Jer. Taylor. -- Odds and ends, that which is left; remnants; fragments; refuse; scraps; miscellaneous articles. "My brain is filled...with all kinds of odds and ends." W. Irving.

Ode

Ode (?), n. [F., fr. L. ode, oda, Gr. vad to speak, sing. Cf. Comedy, Melody, Monody.] A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; esp., now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style.
Hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles. Shak.
O! run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. Milton.
Ode factor, one who makes, or who traffics in, odes; -- used contemptuously.

Odelet

Ode"let (?), n. A little or short ode.

Odeon

O*de"on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. od\'82on. See Ode.] A kind of theater in ancient Greece, smaller than the dramatic theater and roofed over, in which poets and musicians submitted their works to the approval of the public, and contended for prizes; -- hence, in modern usage, the name of a hall for musical or dramatic performances.

Odeum

O*de"um (?), n. [L.] See Odeon.

Odible

O"di*ble (?), a. [L. odibilis. See Odium.] Fitted to excite hatred; hateful. [Obs.] Bale.

Odic

Od"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to od. See Od. [Archaic] -- Od"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Odin

O"din (?), n. [Icel. wood, a. See Wednesday.] (Northern Myth.) The supreme deity of the Scandinavians; -- the same as Woden, of the German tribes.
There in the Temple, carved in wood, The image of great Odin stood. Longfellow.

Odinic

O*din"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Odin.

Odious

O"di*ous (?), a. [L. odiosus, from odium hatred: cf. F. odieux. See Odium.]

1. Hateful; deserving or receiving hatred; as, an odious name, system, vice. "All wickedness will be most odious." Sprat.

He rendered himself odious to the Parliament. Clarendon.

2. Causing or provoking hatred, repugnance, or disgust; offensive; disagreeable; repulsive; as, an odious sight; an odious smell. Milton.

The odious side of that polity. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Hateful; detestable; abominable; disgusting; loathsome; invidious; repulsive; forbidding; unpopular. -- O"di*ous`ly. adv. -- O"di*ous*ness, n.

Odist

Od"ist (?), n. A writer of an ode or odes.

Odium

O"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. odi I hate. Gr. Annoy, Noisome.]

1. Hatred; dislike; as, his conduct brought him into odium, or, brought odium upon him.

2. The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness.

She threw the odium of the fact on me. Dryden.
Odium theologicum ( [L.], the enmity peculiar to contending theologians. Syn. -- Hatred; abhorrence; detestation; antipathy. -- Odium, Hatred. We exercise hatred; we endure odium. The former has an active sense, the latter a passive one. We speak of having a hatred for a man, but not of having an odium toward him. A tyrant incurs odium. The odium of an offense may sometimes fall unjustly upon one who is innocent.
I wish I had a cause to seek him there, To oppose his hatred fully. Shak.
You have...dexterously thrown some of the odium of your polity upon that middle class which you despise. Beaconsfield.

Odize

Od"ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Odized (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Odizing.] To charge with od. See Od. [Archaic]

Odmyl

Od"myl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid obtained by boiling sulphur with linseed oil. It has an unpleasant garlic odor.

Odometer

O*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. odom\'82tre, hodom\'82tre.] An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which registers the miles and rods traversed.

Odometrical

O`do*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. odom\'82trique, hodom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to the odometer, or to measurements made with it.

Odometrous

O*dom"e*trous (?), a. Serving to measure distance on a road. [R.] Sydney Smith.

Odometry

O*dom"e*try (?), n. Measurement of distances by the odometer.

Odonata

O*don"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of insects that includes the dragon flies.

Odontalgia

O`don*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Toothache.

Odontalgic

O`don*tal"gic (?), a. [Cf. F. odontalgique.] Of or pertaining to odontalgia. -- n. A remedy for the toothache.

Odontalgy

O`don*tal"gy (?), n. (Med.) Same as Odontalgia.

Odontiasis

O`don*ti"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Cutting of the teeth; dentition.

Odonto-

O*don"to- (?). A combining form from Gr.

Odontoblast

O*don"to*blast (?), n. [Odonto- + -blast.]

1. (Anat.) One of the more or less columnar cells on the outer surface of the pulp of a tooth; an odontoplast. They are supposed to be connected with the formation of dentine.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the cells which secrete the chitinous teeth of Mollusca.

Page 997

Odontocete

O*don`to*ce"te (?), n.pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of Cetacea, including the sperm whale, dolphins, etc.; the toothed whales.

Odontogeny

O`don*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Odonto- + root of Gr. odontog\'82nie.] (Physiol.) Generetion, or mode of development, of the teeth.

Odontograph

O*don"to*graph (?), n. [Odonto- + -graph.] An instrument for marking or laying off the outlines of teeth of gear wheels.

Odontographic

O*don`to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to odontography.

Odontography

O`don*tog"ra*phy (?), n. A description of the teeth.

Odontoid

O*don"toid (?), a. [Gr. odonto\'8bde.] (Anat.) (a) Having the form of a tooth; toothlike. (b) Of or pertaining to the odontoid bone or to the odontoid process. Odontoid bone (Anat.), a separate bone, in many reptiles, corresponding to the odontoid process. -- Odontoid process, ∨ Odontoid peg (Anat.), the anterior process of the centrum of the second vertebra, or axis, in birds and mammals. See Axis.

Odontolcae

O`don*tol"cae (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct order of ostrichlike aquatic birds having teeth, which are set in a groove in the jaw. It includes Hesperornis, and allied genera. See Hesperornis. [Written also Odontholcae, and Odontoholcae.]

Odontolite

O*don"to*lite (?), n. [Odonto- + -lite.] (Min.) A fossil tooth colored a bright blue by phosphate of iron. It is used as an imitation of turquoise, and hence called bone turquoise.

Odontology

O`don*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Odonto- + -logy: cf.F. odontologie.] The science which treats of the teeth, their structure and development.

Odontophora

O`don*toph"o*ra (?), n.pl. [NL. See Odontophore.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Cephalophora.

Odontophore

O*don"to*phore (?), n. [Odonto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A special structure found in the mouth of most mollusks, except bivalves. It consists of several muscles and a cartilage which supports a chitinous radula, or lingual ribbon, armed with teeth. Also applied to the radula alone. See Radula.

Odontophorous

O`don*toph"o*rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an odontophore.

Odontoplast

O*don"to*plast (?), n. [Odonto- + Gr. (Anat.) An odontoblast.

Odontopteryx

O`don*top"te*ryx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth + pte`ryx a wing.] (Paleon.) An extinct Eocene bird having the jaws strongly serrated, or dentated, but destitute of true teeth. It was found near London.

Odontornithes

O*don`tor*ni*"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth + (Paleon.) A group of Mesozoic birds having the jaws armed with teeth, as in most other vertebrates. They have been divided into three orders: Odontolc\'91, Odontotorm\'91, and Saurur\'91.

Odontostomatous

O*don"to*stom"a*tous (?), a. [Odonto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having toothlike mandibles; -- applied to certain insects.

Odontotormae

O*don`to*tor"mae (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. (Paleon.) An order of extinct toothed birds having the teeth in sockets, as in the genus Ichthyornis. See Ichthyornis.

Odor

O"dor (?), n. [OE. odor, odour, OF. odor, odour, F. odeur, fr. L. odor; akin to olere to smell, Gr. Olfactory, Osmium, Ozone, Redolent.] [Written also odour.] Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume.
Meseemed I smelt a garden of sweet flowers, That dainty odors from them threw around. Spenser.
To be in bad odor, to be out of favor, or in bad repute.

Odorament

O"dor*a*ment (?), n. [L. odoramentum. See Odorate.] A perfume; a strong scent. [Obs.] Burton.

Odorant

O"dor*ant (?), a. [L.odorans, -antis, p.pr.] Yielding odors; fragrant. Holland.

Odorate

O"dor*ate (?), a. [L. odoratus, p.p. of odorare to perfume, fr. odor odor.] Odorous. [Obos.] Bacon.

Odorating

O"dor*a*`ting (?), a. Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.

Odoriferous

O`dor*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. odorifer; odor odor + ferre to bear. See Odoe, and st Bear.] Bearing or yielding an odor; perfumed; usually, sweet of scent; fragrant; as, odoriferous spices, particles, fumes, breezes. Milton. -- O`dor*if"er*ous*ly, adv. --O`dor*if"er*ous*ness, n.

Odorline

O"dor*line (?), n. (Chem.) A pungent oily substance obtained by redistilling bone oil. [Obs.]

Odorless

O"dor*less, a. Free from odor.

Odorous

O"dor*ous (?), a. [Written also odourous.] [L. odorus, fr.odor odor: cf. OF. odoros, odoreux.] Having or emitting an odor or scent, esp. a sweet odor; fragrant; sweet-smelling. "Odorous bloom." Keble.
Such fragrant flowers do give most odorous smell. Spenser.
-- O"dor*ous*ly, adv. -- O"dor*ous*ness, n.

Ods

Ods (?), interj. A corruption of God's; -- formerly used in oaths and ejaculatory phrases. "Ods bodikin." "Ods pity." Shak.

Odyl, Odyle

Od"yl, Od"yle (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) See Od. [Archaic].

Odylic

O*dyl"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to odyle; odic; as, odylic force. [Archaic]

Odyssey

Od"ys*sey (?), n. [L. Odyssea, Gr. Odyss\'82e.] An epic poem attributed to Homer, which describes the return of Ulysses to Ithaca after the siege of Troy.

\'d1

\'d1 (&emac;), a diphthong, employed in the Latin language, and thence in the English language, as the representative of the Greek diphthong oi. In many words in common use, e alone stands instead of &oe;. Classicists prefer to write the diphthong oe separate in Latin words.

\'d1coid

\'d1"coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) The colorless porous framework, or stroma, of red blood corpuscles from which the zooid, or hemoglobin and other substances of the corpuscles, may be dissolved out.

\'d1cology

\'d1*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.-logy.] (Biol.) The various relations of animals and plants to one another and to the outer world.

\'d1conomical

\'d1`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. See Economical.

\'d1conomics

\'d1`co*nom"ics (?), n. See Economics.

\'d1conomy

\'d1*con"o*my (?), n. See Economy.

\'d1cumenical

\'d1c`u*men"ic*al (?), a. See Ecumenical.

\'d1dema

\'d1*de"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A swelling from effusion of watery fluid in the cellular tissue beneath the skin or mucous membrance; dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue. [Written also edema.]

\'d1dematous

\'d1*dem"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, edema; affected with edema.

\'d1iliad, \'d1illade

\'d1*il"iad (?), \'d1il"lade` (?), n. [F. \'d2illade, fr. \'d2el eye. See Eyelent.] A glance of the eye; an amorous look. [Obs.]
She gave strange \'d2illades and most speaking looks. Shak.

\'d1let

\'d1"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] An eye, bud, or shoot, as of a plant; an oilet. [Obs.] Holland.

\'d1nanthate

\'d1*nan"thate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of the supposed &oe;nanthic acid.

\'d1nanthic

\'d1*nan"thic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Having, or imparting, the odor characteristic of the bouquet of wine; specifically used, formerly, to designate an acid whose ethereal salts were supposed to occasion the peculiar bouquet, or aroma, of old wine. Cf. \'d1nanthylic. \'d1nanthic acid, an acid obtained from &oe;nanthic ether by the action of alkalies. -- \'d1nanthic ether, an ethereal substance (not to be confused with the bouquet, or aroma, of wine) found in wine lees, and consisting of a complex mixture of the ethereal salts of several of the higher acids of the acetic acid series. It has an ethereal odor, and it used in flavoring artificial wines and liquors. Called also oil of wine. See Essential oil, under Essential.

\'d1nanthol

\'d1*nan"thol (?), n. [\'d2nanthylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily substance obtained by the distillation of castor oil, recognized as the aldehyde of \'d2nanthylic acid, and hence called also \'d2nanthaldehyde.

\'d1nanthone

\'d1*nan"thone (?), n. [\'d2nanthic + -one] (Chem.) The ketone of \'d2nanthic acid.

\'d1nanthyl

\'d1*nan"thyl (?), n. [\'d2nnthic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical formerly supposed to exist in \'d2nanthic acid, now known to be identical with heptyl.

\'d1nanthylate

\'d1*nan"thyl*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of &oe;nanthylic acid; as, potassium \'d2nanthylate.

\'d1nanthylic

\'d1`nan*thyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, \'d2nanthyl; specifically, designating an acid formerly supposed to be identical with the acid in \'d2nanthic ether, but now known to be identical with heptoic acid.

\'d1nanthylidene

\'d1`nan*thyl"i*dene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, having a garlic odor; heptine.

\'d1nanthylous

\'d1*nan"thyl*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid formerly supposed to be the acid of \'d2nanthylic ether, but now known to be a mixture of higher acids, especially capric acid. [Obs.]

\'d1nocyan

\'d1`no*cy"an (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) The coloring matter of red wines.

\'d1nology

\'d1*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] Knowledge of wine, scientific or practical.

\'d1nomania

\'d1n`o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Delirium tremens. Rayer. (b) Dipsomania.

\'d1nomel

\'d1n"o*mel (?), n. [Gr. Wine mixed with honey; mead, [R.]

\'d1nometer

\'d1*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] See Alcoholometer.

\'d1nophilist

\'d1*noph"i*list (?), n. [Gr. A lover of wine. [R.]<-- now oenophile, older form obsolete! --> Thackeray.

\'d1nothionic

\'d1`no*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Gr. thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to an acid now called sulphovinic, ∨ ethyl sulphuric, acid.

O'er

O'er (?), prep. & adv. A contr. of Over. [Poetic]

\'d1sophagus, n., \'d1sophageal

\'d1*soph"a*gus, n., \'d1`so*phag"e*al, a., etc. Same as Esophagus, Esophageal, etc.

\'d1strian

\'d1s"tri*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the gadflies. -- n. A gadfly.

\'d1strual

\'d1s"tru*al (?), a. [See \'d1strus.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to sexual desire; -- mostly applied to brute animals; as, the \'d2strual period; \'d2strual influence.

\'d1struation

\'d1s`tru*a"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The state of being under \'d2strual influence, or of having sexual desire.<-- = oestrus? -->

\'d1strus

\'d1s"trus (?), n. [L., a gadfly; also, frenzy, fr.Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of gadflies. The species which deposits its larv\'91 in the nasal cavities of sheep is \'d2strus ovis.

2. A vehement desire; esp. (Physiol.), the periodical sexual impulse of animals; heat; rut.

Of

Of (?), prep. [AS. of of, from, off; akin to D. & OS. af, G. ab off, OHG. aba from, away, Icel., Dan., Sw., & Goth. af, L. ab, Gr. apa. Cf.Off, A- (2), Ab-, After, Epi-.] In a general sense, from, or out from; proceeding from; belonging to; relating to; concerning; -- used in a variety of applications; as:

1. Denoting that from which anything proceeds; indicating origin, source, descent, and the like; as, he is of a race of kings; he is of noble blood.

That holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. Luke i. 35.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you. 1 Cor. xi. 23.

2. Denoting possession or ownership, or the relation of subject to attribute; as, the apartment of the consul: the power of the king; a man of courage; the gate of heaven. "Poor of spirit." Macaulay.

3. Denoting the material of which anything is composed, or that which it contains; as, a throne of gold; a sword of steel; a wreath of mist; a cup of water.

4. Denoting part of an aggregate or whole; belonging to a number or quantity mentioned; out of; from amongst; as, of this little he had some to spare; some of the mines were unproductive; most of the company.<-- partative genitive -->

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed. Lam. iii. 22.
It is a duty to communicate of those blessings we have received. Franklin.

5. Denoting that by which a person or thing is actuated or impelled; also, the source of a purpose or action; as, they went of their own will; no body can move of itself; he did it of necessity.<-- = out of, from, due to -->

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Josh. xi. 20.

6. Denoting reference to a thing; about; concerning; relating to; as, to boast of one's achievements.

Knew you of this fair work? Shak.

7. Denoting nearness or distance, either in space or time; from; as, within a league of the town; within an hour of the appointed time.

8. Denoting identity or equivalence; -- used with a name or appellation, and equivalent to the relation of apposition; as, the continent of America; the city of Rome; the Island of Cuba.<-- always preceded by a type name? -->

9. Denoting the agent, or person by whom, or thing by which, anything is, or is done; by.

And told to her of [by] some. Chaucer.
He taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. Luke iv. 15.
[Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil. Luke iv. 1, 2.
&hand; The use of the word in this sense, as applied to persons, is nearly obsolete.

10. Denoting relation to place or time; belonging to, or connected with; as, men of Athens; the people of the Middle Ages; in the days of Herod.

11. Denoting passage from one state to another; from. [Obs.] "O miserable of happy." Milton.

12. During; in the course of.

Not be seen to wink of all the day. Shak.
My custom always of the afternoon. Shak.
&hand; Of may be used in a subjective or an objective sense. "The love of God" may mean, our love for God, or God's love for us. &hand; From is the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained in off, the same word differently written for distinction. But this radical sense disappears in most of its application; as, a man of genius; a man of rare endowments; a fossil of a red color, or of an hexagonal figure; he lost all hope of relief; an affair of the cabinet; he is a man of decayed fortune; what is the price of corn? In these and similar phrases, of denotes property or possession, or a relation of some sort involving connection. These applications, however all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which proceeds from, or is produced by, a person or thing, either has had, or still has, a close connection with the same; and hence the word was applied to cases of mere connection, not involving at all the idea of separation. Of consequence, of importance, value, or influence. -- Of late, recently; in time not long past. -- Of old, formerly; in time long past. -- Of one's self, by one's self; without help or prompting; spontaneously.
Why, knows not Montague, that of itself England is safe, if true within itself? Shak.

Off

Off (?), adv. [OE. of, orig. the same word as R. of, prep., AS. of, adv. & prep. \'fb194. See Of.] In a general sense, denoting from or away from; as:

1. Denoting distance or separation; as, the house is a mile off.

2. Denoting the action of removing or separating; separation; as, to take off the hat or cloak; to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, to peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly off, and the like.

3. Denoting a leaving, abandonment, departure, abatement, interruption, or remission; as, the fever goes off; the pain goes off; the game is off; all bets are off.

4. Denoting a different direction; not on or towards: away; as, to look off.

5. Denoting opposition or negation. [Obs.]

The questions no way touch upon puritanism, either off or on. Bp. Sanderson.
From off, off from; off. "A live coal...taken with the tongs from off the altar." Is. vi. 6. -- Off and on. (a) Not constantly; not regularly; now and then; occasionally. (b) (Naut.) On different tacks, now toward, and now away from, the land. -- To be off. (a) To depart; to escape; as, he was off without a moment's warning. (b) To be abandoned, as an agreement or purpose; as, the bet was declared to be off. [Colloq.] -- To come off, To cut off, To fall off, To go off, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, Go, etc. -- To get off. (a) To utter; to discharge; as, to get off a joke. (b) To go away; to escape; as, to get off easily from a trial. [Colloq.] -- To take off, to mimic or personate.<-- also, to take off on, to do a take-off on --> -- To tell off (Mil.), to divide and practice a regiment or company in the several formations, preparatory to marching to the general parade for field exercises. Farrow.<-- (b) to criticise --> -- To be well off, to be in good condition. -- To be ill off, To be badly off, to be in poor condition.
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Off

Off (?), interj. Away; begone; -- a command to depart.

Off

Off, prep. Not on; away from; as, to be off one's legs or off the bed; two miles off the shore. Addison. Off hand. See Offhand. -- Off side (Football), out of play; -- said when a player has got in front of the ball in a scrimmage, or when the ball has been last touched by one of his own side behind him. -- To be off color, to be of a wrong color.<-- to be mildly obscene --> -- To be off one's food, to have no appetite. (Colloq.)

Off

Off, a.

1. On the farther side; most distant; on the side of an animal or a team farthest from the driver when he is on foot; in the United States, the right side; as, the off horse or ox in a team, in distinction from the nigh or near horse or ox; the off leg.

2. Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business or affairs, or is absent from his post, and, hence, a time when affairs are not urgent; as, he took an off day for fishing: an off year in politics. "In the off season." Thackeray. Off side. (a) The right hand side in driving; the farther side. See Gee. (b) (Cricket) See Off, n.

Off

Off, n. (Cricket) The side of the field that is on the right of the wicket keeper.

Offal

Of"fal (?), n. [Off + fall.]

1. The rejected or waste parts of a butchered animal.

2. A dead body; carrion. Shak.

3. That which is thrown away as worthless or unfit for use; refuse; rubbish.

The off als of other profession. South.

Offcut

Off"cut` (?), n.

1. That which is cut off.

2. (Bookbinding) A portion ofthe printed sheet, in certain sizes of books, that is cut off before folding.

Offence

Of*fence" (?), n. See Offense.

Offend

Of*fend (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offended; p. pr. & vb. n. Offending.] [OF. offendre, L. offendere, offensum; ob (see Ob-) + fendere (in comp.) to thrust, dash. See Defend.]

1. To strike against; to attack; to assail. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To displease; to make angry; to affront.

A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. Prov. xviii. 19.

3. To be offensive to; to harm; to pain; to annoy; as, strong light offends the eye; to offend the conscience.

4. To transgress; to violate; to sin against. [Obs.]

Marry, sir, he hath offended the law. Shak.

5. (Script.) To oppose or obstruct in duty; to cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall. [Obs.]

Who hath you misboden or offended. Chaucer.
If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out... And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matt. v. 29, 3O.
Great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall offend them. Ps. cxix. 165.

Odfend

Od*fend", v. i.

1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to commit a crime; to stumble; to sin.

Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all. James ii. 10.
If it be a sin to cevet honor, I am the most offending soul alive. Shak.

2. To cause dislike, anger, or vexation; to displease.

I shall offend, either to detain or give it. Shak.
To offend against, to do an injury or wrong to; to commit an offense against. "We have offended against the Lord already." 2 Chron. xxviii. 13.

Offendant

Of*fend"ant (?), n. An offender. [R.] Holland.

Offender

Of*fend"er (?), n. One who offends; one who violates any law, divine or human; a wrongdoer.
I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders. 1 Kings i. 21.

Offendress

Of*fend"ress (?), n. A woman who offends. Shak.

Offense, Offence

Of*fense", Of*fence" (?), n. [F., fr. L. offensa. See Offend.]

1. The act of offending in any sense; esp., a crime or a sin, an affront or an injury.

Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification. Rom. iv. 25.
I have given my opinion against the authority of two great men, but I hope without offense to their memories. Dryden.

2. The state of being offended or displeased; anger; displeasure.

He was content to give them just cause of offense, when they had power to make just revenge. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A cause or occasion of stumbling or of sin. [Obs.]

Woe to that man by whom the offense cometh! Matt. xviii. 7.
&hand; This word, like expense, is often spelled with a c. It ought, however, to undergo the same change with expense, the reasons being the same, namely, that s must be used in offensive as in expensive, and is found in the Latin offensio, and the French offense. To take offense, to feel, or assume to be, injured or affronted; to become angry or hostile. -- Weapons of offense, those which are used in attack, in distinction from those of defense, which are used to repel. Syn. -- Displeasure; umbrage; resentment; misdeed; misdemeanor; trespass; transgression; delinquency; fault; sin; crime; affront; indignity; outrage; insult.

Offenseful

Of*fense"ful (?), a. Causing offense; displeasing; wrong; as, an offenseful act. [R.]

Offenseless

Of*fense"less, a. Unoffending; inoffensive.

Offensible

Of*fen"si*ble (?), a. That may give offense. [Obs.]

Offension

Of*fen"sion (?), n. [OF., fr. L. offensio an offense.] Assault; attack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Offensive

Of*fen"sive (?), a. [Cf.F. offensif. See Offend.]

1. Giving offense; causing displeasure or resentment; displeasing; annoying; as, offensive words.

2. Giving pain or unpleasant sensations; disagreeable; revolting; noxious; as, an offensive smell; offensive sounds. "Offensive to the stomach." Bacon.

3. Making the first attack; assailant; aggressive; hence, used in attacking; -- opposed to defensive; as, an offensive war; offensive weapons. League offensive and defensive, a leaque that requires all the parties to it to make war together against any foe, and to defend one another if attacked. Syn. -- Displeasing; disagreeable; distasteful; obnoxious; abhorrent; disgusting; impertinent; rude; saucy; reproachful; opprobrious; insulting; insolent; abusive; scurrilous; assailant; attacking; invading. -- Of*fen"sive*ly, adv. -- Of*fen"sive*ness, n.

Offensive

Of*fen"sive (?), n. The state or posture of one who offends or makes attack; aggressive attitude; the act of the attacking party; -- opposed to defensive. To act on the offensive, to be the attacking party.

Offer

Of"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Offering.] [OE. offren, AS. offrian to sacrifice, fr. L. offerre; ob (see OB-) + ferre to bear, bring. The English word was influenced by F. offrir to offer, of the same origin. See 1st Bear.]

1. To present, as an act of worship; to immolate; to sacrifice; to present in prayer or devotion; -- often with up.

Thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for atonement. Ex. xxix. 36.
A holy priesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices. 1 Pet. ii. 5.

2. To bring to or before; to hold out to; to present for acceptance or rejection; as, to offer a present, or a bribe; to offer one's self in marriage.

I offer thee three things. 2 Sam. xxiv. 12.

3. To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest; as, to offer an opinion. With the infinitive as an objective: To make an offer; to declare one's willingness; as, he offered to help me.

4. To attempt; to undertake.

All that offer to defend him. Shak.

5. To bid, as a price, reward, or wages; as, to offer a guinea for a ring; to offer a salary or reward.

6. To put in opposition to; to manifest in an offensive way; to threaten; as, to offer violence, attack, etc. Syn. -- To propose; propound; move; proffer; tender; sacrifice; immolate.

Offer

Of"fer, v. i.

1. To present itself; to be at hand.

The occasion offers, and the youth complies. Dryden.

2. To make an attempt; to make an essay or a trial; -- used with at. "Without offering at any other remedy." Swift.

He would be offering at the shepherd's voice. L'Estrange.
I will not offer at that I can not master. Bacon.

Offer

Of"fer (?), n. [Cf. F. offre, fr. offrir to offer, fr. L. offerre. See Offer, v. t.]

1. The act of offering, bringing forward, proposing, or bidding; a proffer; a first advance. "This offer comes from mercy." Shak.

2. That which is offered or brought forward; a proposal to be accepted or rejected; a sum offered; a bid.

When offers are disdained, and love denied. Pope.

3. Attempt; endeavor; essay; as, he made an offer to catch the ball. "Some offer and attempt." South.

Offerable

Of"fer*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being offered; suitable or worthy to be offered.

Offerer

Of"fer*er (?), n. One who offers; esp., one who offers something to God in worship. Hooker.

Offering

Of"fer*ing, n.

1. The act of an offerer; a proffering.

2. That which is offered, esp. in divine service; that which is presented as an expiation or atonement for sin, or as a free gift; a sacrifice; an oblation; as, sin offering.

They are polluted offerings more abhorred Than spotted livers in the sacrifice. Shak.

3. A sum of money offered, as in church service; as, a missionary offering. Specif.: (Ch. of Eng.) Personal tithes payable according to custom, either at certain seasons as Christmas or Easter, or on certain occasions as marriages or christenings.

[None] to the offering before her should go. Chaucer.
Burnt offering, Drink offering, etc. See under Burnt. etc.

Offertory

Of"fer*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Offertories . [L. offertorium the place to which offerings were brought, in LL. offertory: cf.F. offertoire.]

1. The act of offering, or the thing offered. [Obs. or R.] Bacon. Bp. Fell.

2. (R.C.Ch.) (a) An anthem chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, during the offering and first part of the Mass. (b) That part of the Mass which the priest reads before uncovering the chalice to offer up the elements for consecration. (c) The oblation of the elements.

3. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) (a) The Scripture sentences said or sung during the collection of the offerings. (b) The offerings themselves.

Offerture

Of"fer*ture (?), n. [LL. offertura an offering.] Offer; proposal; overture. [Obs.]
More offertures and advantages to his crown. Milton.

Offhand

Off"hand` (?), a. Instant; ready; extemporaneous; as, an offhand speech; offhand excuses. -- adv. In an offhand manner; as, he replied offhand.

Office

Of"fice (?), n. [F., fr. L. officium, for opificium; ops ability, wealth, holp + facere to do or make. See Opulent, Fact.]

1. That which a person does, either voluntarily or by appointment, for, or with reference to, others; customary duty, or a duty that arises from the relations of man to man; as, kind offices, pious offices.

I would I could do a good office between you. Shak.

2. A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; as, an executive or judical office; a municipal office.

3. A charge or trust, of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as, the office of a priest under the old dispensation, and that of the apostles in the new.

Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office. Rom. xi. 13.

4. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform; a function; -- answering to duty in intelligent beings.

They [the eyes] resign their office and their light. Shak.
Hesperus, whose office is to bring Twilight upon the earth. Milton.
In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms. Sir I. Newton.

5. The place where a particular kind of business or service for others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as, the register's office; a lawyer's office.

6. The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place of business is in an office; as, I have notified the office.

7. pl. The apartments or outhouses in which the domestics discharge the duties attached to the service of a house, as kitchens, pantries, stables, etc. [Eng.]

As for the offices, let them stand at distance. Bacon.

8. (Eccl.) Any service other than that of ordination and the Mass; any prescribed religious service.

This morning was read in the church, after the office was done, the declaration setting forth the late conspiracy against the king's person. Evelyn.
Holy office. Same as Inquisition, n., 3. -- Houses of office. Same as def. 7 above. Chaucer. -- Little office (R.C.Ch.), an office recited in honor of the Virgin Mary. -- Office bearer, an officer; one who has a specific office or duty to perform. -- Office copy (Law), an authenticated or certified copy of a record, from the proper office. See Certified copies, under Copy. Abbott. -- Office-found (Law), the finding of an inquest of office. See under Inquest. -- Office holder. See Officeholder in the Vocabulary

Office

Of`fice (?), v. t. To perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge. [Obs.] Shak.

Officeholder

Of"fice*hold"er (?), n. An officer, particularly one in the civil service; a placeman.

Officer

Of"fi*cer (?), n. [F. officier. See Office, and cf. Official, n.]

1. One who holds an office; a person lawfully invested with an office, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical; as, a church officer; a police officer; a staff officer. "I am an officer of state." Shak.

2. (U. S. Mil.) Specifically, a commissioned officer, in distinction from a warrant officer. Field officer, General officer, etc. See under Field, General. etc. -- Officer of the day (Mil.), the officer who, on a given day, has charge for that day of the quard, prisoners, and police of the post or camp. -- Officer of the deck, ∨ Officer of the watch (Naut.), the officer temporarily in charge on the deck of a vessel, esp. a war vessel.

Officer

Of"fi*cer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Officered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Officering.]

1. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over. Marshall.

2. To command as an officer; as, veterans from old regiments officered the recruits.

Official

Of*fi"cial (?), a. [L. officialis: cf. F. officiel. See Office, and cf. Official, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to an office or public trust; as, official duties, or routine.

That, in the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the senate. Shak.

2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority; as, an official statement or report.

3. (Pharm.) Approved by authority; sanctioned by the pharmacop\'d2ia; appointed to be used in medicine; as, an official drug or preparation. Cf. Officinal.

4. Discharging an office or function. [Obs.]

The stomach and other parts official unto nutrition. Sir T. Browne.

Official

Of*fi"cial, n. [L. officialis a magistrate's servant or attendant: cf.F. official. See Official, a., and cf. Officer.]

1. One who holds an office; esp., a subordinate executive officer or attendant.

2. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction. Blackstone.

Officialism

Of*fi"cial*ism (?), n. The state of being official; a system of official government; also, adherence to office routine; red-tapism.
Officialism may often drift into blunders. Smiles.

Officialily

Of*fi`ci*al`i*ly (?), n. See Officialty.

Officially

Of*fi"cial*ly (?), adv. By the proper officer; by virtue of the proper authority; in pursuance of the special powers vested in an officer or office; as, accounts or reports officially vertified or rendered; letters officially communicated; persons officially notified.

Officialty

Of*fi"cial*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. officialit\'82.] The charge, office, court, or jurisdiction of an official. Ayliffe.

Officiant

Of*fi"ciant (?), n. [L. officians, p.pr. See Officiate.] (Eccl.) The officer who officiates or performs an office, as the burial office. Shipley.

Officiary

Of*fi"ci*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to an office or an officer; official. [R.] Heylin.

Officiate

Of*fi"ci*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Officiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Officiating.] [LL. officiare. See Office.] To act as an officer in performing a duty; to transact the business of an office or public trust; to conduct a public service. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Officiate

Of*fi"ci*ate, v. t. To discharge, perform, or supply, as an official duty or function. [Obs.]
Merely to officiate light Round this opacous earth. Milton.

Officiator

Of*fi"ci*a`tor (?), n. One who officiates. Tylor.

Officinal

Of*fic"i*nal (?), a. [F., fr. L. officina a workshop, contr.fr. opificina, fr. opifex a workman; opus work + facere to make or do.]

1. Used in a shop, or belonging to it. [Obs. or R.] Johnson.

2. (Pharm.) Kept in stock by apothecaries; -- said of such drugs and medicines as may be obtained without special preparation or compounding; not magistral. &hand; This term is often interchanged with official, but in strict use officinal drugs are not necessarily official. See Official, a., 3.

Officious

Of*fi"cious (?), a. [L. officiosus: cf.F. officieux. See Office.]

1. Pertaining to, or being in accordance with, duty. [R.]

If there were any lie in the case, it could be no more than as officious and venial one. Note on Gen. xxvii. (Douay version).

2. Disposed to serve; kind; obliging. [Archaic]

Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries Officious. Milton.
They were tolerably well bred, very officious, humane, and hospitable. Burke.

3. Importunately interposing services; intermeddling in affairs in which one has no concern; meddlesome.

You are too officious In her behalf that scorns your services. Shak.
Syn. -- Impertinent; meddling. See Impertinent. -- Of*fi"cious*ly, adv. -- Of*fi"cious*ness, n.
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Offing

Off"ing (?), n. [From Off.] That part of the sea at a good distance from the shore, or where there is deep water and no need of a pilot; also, distance from the shore; as, the ship had ten miles offing; we saw a ship in the offing. <-- hence, coming, arriving in the near future -->

Offish

Off"ish, a. Shy or distant in manner. [Colloq. U.S.]

Offlet

Off"let, n. [Off + let.] A pipe to let off water.

Offscouring

Off"scour`ing (?), n. [Off + scour.] That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile or despised. Lam. iii. 45.

Offscum

Off"scum` (?), n. [Off + scum.] Removed scum; refuse; dross.

Offset

Off"set` (?), n. [Off + set. Cf. Set-off.] In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against, something; as: --

1. (Bot.) A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and produces a tuft of leaves, etc. See Illust. of Houseleek.

2. A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or account, as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given in exchange or retaliation; a set-off.

3. A spur from a range of hills or mountains.

4. (Arch.) A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed by a diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or upper surface of a part built out from it; -- called also set-off.

5. (Surv.) A short distance measured at right angles from a line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary, or to some object.

6. (Mech.) An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which one part is turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel, with the rest; the part thus bent aside.

7. (Print.) A more or less distinct transfer of a printed page or picture to the opposite page, when the pages are pressed together before the ink is dry or when it is poor. Offset staff (Surv.), a rod, usually ten links long, used in measuring offsets. <-- offset printing. see def. 7 -->

Offset

Off*set" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offset; p. pr. & vb. n. Offsetting.]

1. To set off; to place over against; to balance; as, to offset one account or charge against another.

2. To form an offset in, as in a wall, rod, pipe, etc.

Offset

Off"set, v. i. (Printing) To make an offset.

Offshoot

Off"shoot` (?), n. [Off + shoot.] That which shoots off or separates from a main stem, channel, family, race, etc.; as, the offshoots of a tree.

Offshore

Off"shore" (?), a. From the shore; as, an offshore wind; an offshore signal.

Offskip

Off"skip` (?), n. [Off + -skip, as in landskip.] (Paint.) That part of a landscape which recedes from the spectator into distance. [R.] Fairholt.

Offspring

Off"spring` (?), n.sing. & pl. [Off + spring.]

1. The act of production; generation. [Obs.]

2. That which is produced; a child or children; a descendant or descendants, however remote from the stock.

To the gods alone Our future offspring and our wives are known. Dryden.

3. Origin; lineage; family. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Offuscate, Offuscation

Of*fus"cate (?), Of`fus*ca`tion (?). See Obfuscate, Obfuscation. [Obs.]

Oft

Oft (&ocr;ft; 115), adv. [AS. oft; akin to OS. & G. oft, OHG. ofto, Sw. ofta, Dan. ofte, Icel.opt, Goth. ufta; of uncertain origin. Cf. Often.] Often; frequently; not rarely; many times. [Poetic] Chaucer.
Oft she rejects, but never once offends. Pope.

Oft

Oft, a. Frequent; often; repeated. [Poetic]

Often

Of`ten (?), adv. [Compar. Oftener (?); superl. Oftenest.] [Formerly also ofte, fr. oft. See Oft., adv.] Frequently; many times; not seldom.

Often

Of"ten, a. Frequent; common; repeated. [R.] "Thine often infirmities." 1 Tim. v. 23.
And weary thee with often welcomes. Beau. & Fl.

Oftenness

Of"ten*ness, n. Frequency. Hooker.

Oftensith

Of"ten*sith (?), adv. [Often + sith time.] Frequently; often. [Obs.]
For whom I sighed have so oftensith. Gascoigne.

Oftentide

Of"ten*tide" (?), adv. [Often + tide time.] Frequently; often. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

Oftentimes

Of"ten*times` (?), adv. [Often + time. Cf. -wards.] Frequently; often; many times. Wordsworth.

Ofter

Oft"er (?), adv. Compar. of Oft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ofttimes

Oft"times` (?), adv. [Oft + time. Cf. -wards.] Frequently; often. Milton.

Ogam

Og"am (?), n. Same as Ogham.

Ogdoad

Og"do*ad (?), n. [Gr. , , from A thing made up of eight parts. Milman.

Ogdoastich

Og`do*as`tich (?), n. [Gr. A poem of eight lines. [Obs.] Selden

Ogee

O*gee" (?), n. [F. ogive, augive, LL. augiva, of uncertain origin; cf.LL. ogis a support, prop. L. augere to increase, strengthen, Sp. auge highest point of power or fortune, apogee, Ar. auj, an astronomical term.]

1. (Arch.) A molding, the section of which is the form of the letter S, with the convex part above; cyma reversa. See Illust. under Cyma.

2. Hence, any similar figure used for any purpose. Ogee arch (Arch.), a pointed arch, each of the sides of which has the curve of an ogee, that is, has a reversed curve near the apex.

Ogeechee lime

O*gee"chee lime` (?). [So named from the Ogeechee River in Georgia.] (Bot.) (a) The acid, olive-shaped, drupaceous fruit of a species of tupelo (Nyssa capitata) which grows in swamps in Georgia and Florida. (b) The tree which bears this fruit.

Ogganition

Og`ga*ni"tion (?), n. [L.oggannire to snarl at; ob (see Ob-) + gannire to yelp.] Snarling; grumbling. [R.] Bp. Montagu.

Ogham

Og"ham (?), n. [Ir.] A particular kind of writing practiced by the ancient Irish, and found in inscriptions on stones, metals, etc. [Written also ogam.]

Ogive

O"give (?), n. [F. ogive, OF. augive a pointed arch, LL. augiva a double arch of two at right angles.] (Arch.) The arch or rib which crosses a Gothic vault diagonally.

Ogle

O"gle (&omac;g'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ogled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ogling (?).] [From a Dutch word corresponding to G. \'84ugeln to ogle, fr. auge eye; cf. D. ooglonken to ogle, OD. oogen to cast sheep's eyes upon, ooge eye. See Eye.] To view or look at with side glances, as in fondness, or with a design to attract notice.
And ogling all their audience, ere they speak. Dryden.

Ogle

O"gle, n. An amorous side glance or look. Byron.

Ogler

O"gler (?), n. One who ogles. Addison.

Oglio

O"gli*o (?), n. See Olio.

Ogre

O"gre (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. ogro, fr. L. Orcus the god of the infernal regions; also, the lower world, hell.] An imaginary monster, or hideous giant of fairy tales, who lived on human beings; hence, any frightful giant; a cruel monster.
His schoolroom must have resembled an ogre's den. Maccaulay.

Ogreish

O"gre*ish, a. Resembling an ogre; having the character or appearance of an ogre; suitable for an ogre. "An ogreish kind of jocularity." Dickens.

Ogress

O"gress (?), n. [F.ogresse. See Ogre.] A female ogre. Tennyson.

Ogreism, Ogrism

O"gre*ism (?), O"grism (?), n. The character or manners of an ogre.

Ogygian

O*gyg"i*an (?), a. [L. Ogygius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Ogyges, a mythical king of ancient Attica, or to a great deluge in Attica in his days; hence, primeval; of obscure antiquity.

Oh

Oh (?), interj. [See O, interj.] An exclamation expressing various emotions, according to the tone and manner, especially surprise, pain, sorrow, anxiety, or a wish. See the Note under O.

Ohm

Ohm (?), n. [So called from the German electrician, G.S. Ohm.] (Elec.) The standard unit in the measure of electrical resistance, being the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one amp\'82re. As defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893, and by United States Statute, it is a resistance substantially equal to 109 units of resistance of the C.G.S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14.4521 grams in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area, and of the length of 106.3 centimeters. As thus defined it is called the international ohm. Ohm's law (Elec.), the statement of the fact that the strength or intensity of an electrical current is directly proportional to the electro-motive force, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

Oho

O*ho" (?), interj. An exclamation of surprise, etc.

-oid

-oid (?). [Gr. wit: cf.F. -o\'8bde, L. -o\'8bdes.] A suffix or combining form meaning like, resembling, in the form of; as in anthropoid, asteroid, spheroid.

O\'8bdium

O*\'8bd"i*um (?), n. [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of minute fungi which form a floccose mass of filaments on decaying fruit, etc. Many forms once referred to this genus are now believed to be temporary conditions of fungi of other genera, among them the vine mildew (O\'8bdium Tuckeri), which has caused much injury to grapes.

Oil

Oil (?), n. [OE. oile, OF. oile, F. huile, fr. L. oleum; akin to Gr. Olive.] Any one of a great variety of unctuous combustible substances, not miscible with water; as, olive oil, whale oil, rock oil, etc. They are of animal, vegetable, or mineral origin and of varied composition, and they are variously used for food, for solvents, for anointing, lubrication, illumination, etc. By extension, any substance of an oily consistency; as, oil of vitriol. &hand; The mineral oils are varieties of petroleum. See Petroleum. The vegetable oils are of two classes, essential oils (see under Essential), and natural oils which in general resemble the animal oils and fats. Most of the natural oils and the animal oils and fats consist of ethereal salts of glycerin, with a large number of organic acids, principally stearic, oleic, and palmitic, forming respectively stearin, olein, and palmitin. Stearin and palmitin prevail in the solid oils and fats, and olein in the liquid oils. Mutton tallow, beef tallow, and lard are rich in stearin, human fat and palm oil in palmitin, and sperm and cod-liver oils in olein. In making soaps, the acids leave the glycerin and unite with the soda or potash. Animal oil, Bone oil, Dipple's oil, etc. (Old Chem.), a complex oil obtained by the distillation of animal substances, as bones. See Bone oil, under Bone. -- Drying oils, Essential oils. (Chem.) See under Drying, and Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine, Heavy oil of wine. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Fixed oil. (Chem.) See under Fixed. -- Oil bag (Zo\'94l.), a bag, cyst, or gland in animals, containing oil. -- Oil beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle of the genus Meloe and allied genera. When disturbed they emit from the joints of the legs a yellowish oily liquor. Some species possess vesicating properties, and are used instead of cantharides. -- Oil box, ∨ Oil cellar (Mach.), a fixed box or reservoir, for lubricating a bearing; esp., the box for oil beneath the journal of a railway-car axle. -- Oil cake. See under Cake. -- Oil cock, a stopcock connected with an oil cup. See Oil cup. -- Oil color. (a) A paint made by grinding a coloring substance in oil. (b) Such paints, taken in a general sense.<-- (c)a painting made from such a paint --> -- Oil cup, a cup, or small receptacle, connected with a bearing as a lubricator, and usually provided with a wick, wire, or adjustable valve for regulating the delivery of oil. -- Oil engine, a gas engine worked with the explosive vapor of petroleum.<-- = gasoline engine? --> -- Oil gas, inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for lighting streets, houses, etc. -- Oil gland. (a) (Zo\'94l.) A gland which secretes oil; especially in birds, the large gland at the base of the tail. (b) (Bot.) A gland, in some plants, producing oil. -- Oil green, a pale yellowish green, like oil. -- Oil of brick, empyreumatic oil obtained by subjecting a brick soaked in oil to distillation at a high temperature, -- used by lapidaries as a vehicle for the emery by which stones and gems are sawn or cut. Brande & C. -- Oil of talc, a nostrum made of calcined talc, and famous in the 17th century as a cosmetic. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Oil of vitriol (Chem.), strong sulphuric acid; -- so called from its oily consistency and from its forming the vitriols or sulphates. -- Oil of wine, . -- Oil painting. (a) The art of painting in oil colors. (b) Any kind of painting of which the pigments are originally ground in oil. -- Oil palm (Bot.), a palm tree whose fruit furnishes oil, esp. El\'91is Guineensis. See El\'91is. -- Oil sardine (Zo\'94l.), an East Indian herring (Clupea scombrina), valued for its oil. -- Oil shark (Zo\'94l.) (a) The liver shark. (b) The tope. -- Oil still, a still for hydrocarbons, esp. for petroleum. -- Oil test, a test for determining the temperature at which petroleum oils give off vapor which is liable to explode. -- Oil tree. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Ricinus (R. communis), from the seeds of which castor oil is obtained. (b) An Indian tree, the mahwa. See Mahwa. (c) The oil palm. -- To burn the midnight oil, to study or work late at night. -- Volatle oils. See Essential oils, under Essential.

Oil

Oil (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oiling.] To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil.

Oilbird

Oil"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Guacharo.

Oilcloth

Oil"cloth" (?), n. Cloth treated with oil or paint, and used for marking garments, covering flooors, etc.

Oiled

Oiled (?), a. Covered or treated with oil; dressed with, or soaked in, oil. Oiled silk, silk rendered waterproof by saturation with boiled oil.

Oiler

Oil"er (?), n.

1. One who deals in oils.

2. One who, or that which, oils.

Oilery

Oil"er*y (?), n. [Cf.F. huilerie.] The business, the place of business, or the goods, of a maker of, or dealer in, oils.

Oiliness

Oil"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being oily. Bacon.

Oillet

Oil"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] (Arch.) (a) A small opening or loophole, sometimes circular, used in medi\'91val fortifications. (b) A small circular opening, and ring of moldings surrounding it, used in window tracery in Gothic architecture. [Written also oylet.]

Oilman

Oil"man (?), n.; pl. Oilmen (. One who deals in oils; formerly, one who dealt in oils and pickles. <-- 2. one working in the petroleum industry, esp. an oil company executive. -->

Oilnut

Oil"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) The buffalo nut. See Buffalo nut, under Buffalo. &hand; The name is also applied to various nuts and seeds yielding oil, as the butternut, cocoanut, oil-palm nut.

Oilseed

Oil"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Seed from which oil is expressed, as the castor bean; also, the plant yielding such seed. See Castor bean. (b) A cruciferous herb (Camelina sativa). (c) The sesame.

Oilskin

Oil"skin` (?), n. Cloth made waterproof by oil.

Oilstone

Oil"stone` (?), n. A variety of hone slate, or whetstone, used for whetting tools when lubricated with oil.

Oily

Oil"y (?), a. [Compar. Oilier (?); superl. Oiliest.]

1. Consisting of oil; containing oil; having the nature or qualities of oil; unctuous; oleaginous; as, oily matter or substance. Bacon.

2. Covered with oil; greasy; hence, resembling oil; as, an oily appearance.

3. Smoothly subservient; supple; compliant; plausible; insinuating. "This oily rascal." Shak.

His oily compliance in all alterations. Fuller.
Oily grain (Bot.), the sesame. -- Oily palm, the oil palm.

Oinement

Oi"ne*ment (?), n. Ointment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oinomania

Oi`no*ma"ni*a (?), n. See \'d2nomania.

Oint

Oint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ointed; p. pr & vb. n. Ointing.] [F. oint, p.p. of oindre, L. ungere. See Anoint, Ointment.] To anoint. [Obs.] Dryden.

Ointment

Oint"ment (?), n. [OE. oinement, OF. oignement, fr.F. oindre to anoint, L. ungere, unguere; akin to Skr. a, and to G. anke (in Switzerland) butter. The first t in the E. word is due to the influence of anoint. Cf. Anoint, Unguent.] That which serves to anoint; any soft unctuous substance used for smearing or anointing; an unguent.

Ojibways

O*jib"ways (?), n. pl.; sing. Ojibway. (Ethnol.) Same as Chippeways.

Ojo

O"jo (?), n. [Sp., prop., an eye.] A spring, surrounded by rushes or rank grass; an oasis. [Southwestern U.S.] Bartlett.

Oke

Oke (?), n. [Turk. okkah, fr. Ar. &umac;k&imac;yah, wak&imac;yah, prob. fr. Gr. uncia. Cf. Ounce a weight.]

1. A Turkish and Egyptian weight, equal to about 2

2. An Hungarian and Wallachian measure, equal to about 2

Okenite

O"ken*ite (?), n. [Prob. from Lorenz Oken, a German naturalist.] (Min.) A massive and fibrous mineral of a whitish color, chiefly hydrous silicate of lime.

Oker

O"ker (?), n. (Min.) See Ocher.

Okra

O"kra (?), n. (Bot.) An annual plant (Abelmoschus, ∨ Hibiscus, esculentus), whose green pods, abounding in nutritious mucilage, are much used for soups, stews, or pickles; gumbo. [Written also ocra and ochra.]

-ol

-ol (?). [From alcohol.] (Chem.) A suffix denoting that the substance in the name of which it appears belongs to the series of alcohols or hydroxyl derivatives, as carbinol, glycerol, etc.
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Olay

O"lay (?), n. pl. [Tamil \'d3lai.] Palm leaves, prepared for being written upon with a style pointed with steel. [Written also ola.] Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Old

Old (?), n. Open country. [Obs.] See World. Shak.

Old

Old, a. [Compar. Older (?); superl. Oldest.] [OE. old, ald, AS. ald, eald; akin to D. oud, OS. ald, OFries. ald, old, G. alt, Goth. alpeis, and also to Goth. alan to grow up, Icel. ala to bear, produce, bring up, L. alere to nourish. Cf. Adult, Alderman, Aliment, Auld, Elder.]

1. Not young; advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward the end of the ordinary term of living; as, an old man; an old age; an old horse; an old tree.

Let not old age disgrace my high desire. Sir P. Sidney.
The melancholy news that we grow old. Young.

2. Not new or fresh; not recently made or produced; having existed for a long time; as, old wine; an old friendship. "An old acquaintance." Camden.

3. Formerly existing; ancient; not modern; preceding; original; as, an old law; an old custom; an old promise. "The old schools of Greece." Milton. "The character of the old Ligurians." Addison.

4. Continued in life; advanced in the course of existence; having (a certain) length of existence; -- designating the age of a person or thing; as, an infant a few hours old; a cathedral centuries old.

And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou? Cen. xlvii. 8.
&hand; In this use old regularly follows the noun that designates the age; as, she was eight years old.

5. Long practiced; hence, skilled; experienced; cunning; as, an old offender; old in vice.

Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel old. Milton.

6. Long cultivated; as, an old farm; old land, as opposed to new land, that is, to land lately cleared.

7. Worn out; weakened or exhausted by use; past usefulness; as, old shoes; old clothes.

8. More than enough; abundant. [Obs.]

If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key. Shak.

9. Aged; antiquated; hence, wanting in the mental vigor or other qualities belonging to youth; -- used disparagingly as a term of reproach.

10. Old-fashioned; wonted; customary; as of old; as, the good old times; hence, colloquially, gay; jolly.

11. Used colloquially as a term of cordiality and familiarity. "Go thy ways, old lad." Shak. Old age, advanced years; the latter period of life. -- Old bachelor. See Bachelor, 1. -- Old Catholics. See under Catholic. -- Old English. See under English. n., 2. -- Old Nick, Old Scratch, the devil. -- Old lady (Zo\'94l.), a large European noctuid moth (Mormo maura). -- Old maid. (a) A woman, somewhat advanced in years, who has never been married; a spinster. (b) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the pink-flowered periwinkle (Vinca rosea). (c) A simple game of cards, played by matching them. The person with whom the odd card is left is the old maid. -- Old man's beard. (Bot.) (a) The traveler's joy (Clematis Vitalba). So named from the abundant long feathery awns of its fruit. (b) The Tillandsia usneoides. See Tillandsia. -- Old man's head (Bot.), a columnar cactus (Pilocereus senilis), native of Mexico, covered towards the top with long white hairs. -- Old red sandstone (Geol.), a series of red sandstone rocks situated below the rocks of the Carboniferous age and comprising various strata of siliceous sandstones and conglomerates. See Sandstone, and the Chart of Geology. -- Old school, a school or party belonging to a former time, or preserving the character, manner, or opinious of a former time; as, a gentleman of the old school; -- used also adjectively; as, Old-School Presbyterians. -- Old sledge, an old and well-known game of cards, called also all fours, and high, low, Jack, and the game. -- Old squaw (Zo\'94l.), a duck (Clangula hyemalis) inhabiting the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is varied with black and white and is remarkable for the length of its tail. Called also longtailed duck, south southerly, callow, hareld, and old wife. -- Old style. (Chron.) See the Note under Style. -- Old Testament. See under Testament. -- Old wife. [In the senses b and cwritten also oldwife.] (a) A prating old woman; a gossip.

Refuse profane and old wives' fables. 1 Tim. iv. 7.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) The local name of various fishes, as the European black sea bream (Cantharus lineatus), the American alewife, etc. (c) (Zo\'94l.) A duck; the old squaw. -- Old World, the Eastern Hemisphere. Syn. -- Aged; ancient; pristine; primitive; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete. See Ancient.

Olden

Old"en (?), a. Old; ancient; as, the olden time. "A minstrel of the olden stamp." J. C. Shairp.

Olden

Old"en, v. i. To grow old; to age. [R.]
She had oldened in that time. Thackeray.

Old-fashioned

Old`-fash"ioned (?), a. Formed according to old or obsolete fashion or pattern; adhering to old customs or ideas; as, an old-fashioned dress, girl. "Old-fashioned men of wit." Addison.
This old-fashioned, quaint abode. Longfellow.

Old-gentlemanly

Old`-gen"tle*man*ly (?), a. Pertaining to an old gentleman, or like one. Byron.

Oldish

Old"ish, a. Somewhat old.

Old lang syne

Old` lang syne" (?). See Auld lang syne.

Old-maidish

Old`-maid"ish (?), a. Like an old maid; prim; precise; particular.

Old-maidism

Old`-maid"ism (?), n. The condition or characteristics of an old maid. G. Eliot.

Oldness

Old"ness, n. The state or quality of being old; old age.

Oldster

Old"ster (?), n. [Cf. Youngster.] An old person. [Jocular] H. Kingsley.

Old-womanish

Old`-wom`an*ish (?), a. Like an old woman; anile. -- Old`-wom"an*ish*ness, n.

Olea

O"le*a (?), n. [L. olive. See Olive.] (Bot.) A genus of trees including the olive. &hand; The Chinese Olea fragrans, noted for its fragrance, and the American devilwood (Olea Americana) are now usually referred to another genus (Osmanthus).

Oleaceous

O`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. ol\'82aceus of the olive tree.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Oleace\'91), mostly trees and shrubs, of which the olive is the type. It includes also the ash, the lilac, the true jasmine, and fringe tree.

Oleaginous

O`le*ag`i*nous (?), a. [L. oleaginus, oleagineus, belonging to the olive, fr. olea olive: cf. F. ol\'82agineux. See Olive, Oil.] Having the nature or qualities of oil; oily; unctuous.

Oleaginousness

O`le*ag`i*nous*ness, n. Oiliness. Boyle.

Oleamen

O`le*a"men (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A soft ointment prepared from oil. Dunglison.

Oleander

O`le*an"der (?), n. [F. ol\'82andre (cf. It. oleandro, LL. lorandrum), prob. corrupted, under the influence of laurus laurel, fr. L. rhododendron, Gr. (Bot.) A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose. &hand; Every part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has occured from using its wood for skewers in cooking meat.

Oleandrine

O`le*an"drine (?), n. (Chem.) One of several alkaloids found in the leaves of the oleander.

Oleaster

O`le*as"ter (?), n. [L., fr. olea olive tree. See Olive, Oil.] (Bot.) (a) The wild olive tree (Olea Europea, var. sylvestris). (b) Any species of the genus El\'91agus. See Eleagnus. The small silvery berries of the common species (El\'91agnus hortensis) are called Trebizond dates, and are made into cakes by the Arabs.

Oleate

O"le*ate (?), n. [Cf.F. ol\'82ate.] (Chem.) A salt of oleic acid. Some oleates, as the oleate of mercury, are used in medicine by way of inunction.

Olecranal

O*lec"ra*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the olecranon.

Olecranon

O*lec"ra*non (?), n. [NL., fr.Gr. (Anat.) The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony prominence of the elbow.

Olefiant

O*le"fi*ant (?), a. [F. ol\'82fiant, fr.L. oleum oil + -ficare (in comp.). Cf. -Fy.] (Chem.) Forming or producing an oil; specifically, designating a colorless gaseous hydrocarbon called ethylene. [Archaic]

Olefine

O"le*fine (?), n. [From Olefiant.] (Chem.) Olefiant gas, or ethylene; hence, by extension, any one of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is a type. See Ethylene.

Oleic

O"le*ic (?), a. [L. oleum oil: cf. F. ol\'82ique.] (Physiol.Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, oil; as, oleic acid, an acid of the acrylic acid series found combined with glyceryl in the form of olein in certain animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as sperm oil, olive oil, etc. At low temperatures the acid is crystalline, but melts to an oily liquid above 14

Oleiferous

O`le*if`er*ous (?), a. [L. oleum oil + -ferous: cf.F. ol\'82if\'82re.] Producing oil; as, oleiferous seeds.

Olein

O"le*in (?), n. [L. oleum oil: cf. F. ol\'82ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A fat, liquid at ordinary temperatures, but solidifying at temperatures below 0\'f8 C., found abundantly in both the animal and vegetable kingdoms (see Palmitin). It dissolves solid fats, especially at 30-40\'f8 C. Chemically, olein is a glyceride of oleic acid; and, as three molecules of the acid are united to one molecule of glyceryl to form the fat, it is technically known as triolein. It is also called elain.

Olent

O"lent (?), a. [L. olens, p.pr. of olere to smell.] Scented. [R.] R. Browning.

Oleograph

O`le*o*graph (?), n. [L. oleum oil + -graph.]

1. (Chem.) The form or figure assumed by a drop of oil when placed upon water or some other liquid with which it does not mix.

2. (Painting) A picture produced in oils by a process analogous to that of lithographic printing.

Oleomargarine

O`le*o*mar"ga*rine (?), n. [L. oleum oil + E. margarine, margarin.] [Written also oleomargarin.]

1. A liquid oil made from animal fats (esp. beef fat) by separating the greater portion of the solid fat or stearin, by crystallization. It is mainly a mixture of olein and palmitin with some little stearin.

2. An artificial butter made by churning this oil with more or less milk. &hand; Oleomargarine was wrongly so named, as it contains no margarin proper, but olein, palmitin, and stearin, a mixture of palmitin and stearin having formerly been called margarin by mistake.

Oleometer

O`le*om`e*ter (?), n. [L. oleum oil + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the weight and purity of oil; an elaiometer.

Oleone

O"le*one (?), n. [L. oleum + -one, 1.] (Chem.) An oily liquid, obtained by distillation of calcium oleate, and probably consisting of the ketone of oleic acid.

Oleoptene

O`le*op"tene (?), n. [L. oleum oil + Cr. (Chem.) See Eleoptene. [R.]

Oleoresin

O`le*o*res"in (?), n. [L.oleum oil + E. resin.]

1. (Chem.) A natural mixture of a terebinthinate oil and a resin.

2. (Med.) A liquid or semiliquid preparation extracted (as from capsicum, cubebs, or ginger) by means of ether, and consisting of fixed or volatile oil holding resin in solution. -- O`le*o*res"in*ous (#), a.

Oleose, Oleous

O"le*ose` (?), O"le*ous (?), a. [L. oleosus, fr. oleum oil.] Oily. [R.] Ray. Floyer.

Oleosity

O`le*os"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being oily or fat; fatness. [R.] B. Jonson.

Oleraceous

Ol`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. oleraceus, from olus, oleris, garden or pot herbs, vegetables.] Pertaining to pot herbs; of the nature or having the qualities of herbs for cookery; esculent. Sir T. Browne.

Olf

Olf (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European bullfinch. [Prov.Eng.]

Olfaction

Ol*fac"tion (?), n. [See Olfactory.] (Physiol.) The sense by which the impressions made on the olfactory organs by the odorous particles in the atmosphere are perceived.

Olfactive

Ol*fac"tive (?), a. See Olfactory, a.

Olfactor

Ol*fac"tor (?), n. A smelling organ; a nose. [R.]

Olfactory

Ol*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. olfactus, p.p. of olfacere to smell; olere to have a smell + facere to make. See Odor, and Fact.] (Physiol.) Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; as, the olfactory nerves; the olfactory cells. Olfactory organ (Anat.), an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and lined with epithelium innervated by the olfactory (or first cranial) nerves, and sensitive to odoriferous particles conveyed to it in the air or in water.

Olfactory

Ol*fac"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Olfactories (. An olfactory organ; also, the sense of smell; -- usually in the plural.

Oliban

Ol"i*ban (?), n. (Chem.) See Olibanum.

Olibanum

O*lib"a*num (?), n. [LL., fr. Ar. al-luban frankincense; cf.Gr. The fragrant gum resin of various species of Boswellia; Oriental frankincense.

Olibene

Ol"i*bene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless mobile liquid of a pleasant aromatic odor obtained by the distillation of olibanum, or frankincense, and regarded as a terpene; -- called also conimene.

Olid, Olidous

Ol"id (?), Ol"i*dous (?), a. [L. olidus, fr. olere to smell.] Having a strong, disagreeable smell; fetid. [Obs.] Boyle. Sir T. Browne.

Olifant

Ol"i*fant (?), n. [OF.]

1. An elephant. [Obs.]

2. An ancient horn, made of ivory.

Oligandrous

Ol`i*gan"drous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few stamens.

Oliganthous

Ol`i*gan"thous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few flowers.

Oligarch

Ol`i*garch (?), n. A member of an oligarchy; one of the rulers in an oligarchical government.

Oligarchal

Ol`i*gar"chal (?), a. Oligarchic. Glover.

Oligarchic, Oligarchical

Ol`i*gar"chic (?), Ol`i*gar"chic*al, a. [Gr. oligarchique. See Oligarchy.] Of or pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few. "Oligarchical exiles." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Oligarchist

Ol"i*gar`chist (?), n. An advocate or supporter of oligarchy.

Oligarchy

Ol"i*gar"chy (?), n.; pl. Oligarchies (#). [Gr. oligarchie.] A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a few persons; also, those who form the ruling few.
All oligarchies, wherein a few men domineer, do what they list. Burton.

Oligist

Ol"i*gist (?), n. [See Oligist, a.] (Min.) Hematite or specular iron ore; -- prob. so called in allusion to its feeble magnetism, as compared with magnetite.

Oligist, Oligistic

Ol"i*gist (?), Ol`i*gis"tic (?), a. [Gr. oligiste.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to hematite.

Oligo-

Ol"i*go- (?). A combining form from Gr. few, little, small.

Oligocene

Ol"i*go*cene (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain strata which occupy an intermediate position between the Eocene and Miocene periods. -- n. The Oligocene period. See the Chart of Geology.

Oligoch\'91ta

Ol`i*go*ch\'91"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Annelida which includes the earthworms and related species.

Oligochete

Ol"i*go*chete (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Oligoch\'91ta.

Oligoclase

Ol"i*go*clase (?), n. [Oligo- + Gr. (Min.) A triclinic soda-lime feldspar. See Feldspar.

Oligomerous

Ol`i*gom"er*ous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few members in each set of organs; as, an oligomerous flower.

Oligomyold

Ol`i*go"my*old (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) Having few or imperfect syringeal muscles; -- said of some passerine birds (Oligomyodi).

Oligopetalous

Ol`i*go*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Oligo- + petal.] (Bot.) Having few petals.

Oligosepalous

Ol`i*go*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Oligo- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having few sepals.

Oligosiderite

Ol`i*go*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Oligo- + siderite.] (Min.) A meteorite characterized by the presence of but a small amount of metallic iron.

Oligospermous

Ol`i*go*sper"mous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few seeds.

Oligotokous

Ol`i*got"o*kous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing few young.
Page 1001

Olio

O"li*o (?), n. [Sp. olla a round earthen pot, a dish of boiled or stewed meat, fr. L. olla a pot, dish. Cf. Olla, Olla-podrida.]

1. A dish of stewed meat of different kinds. [Obs.]

Besides a good olio, the dishes were trifling. Evelyn.

2. A mixture; a medley. Dryden.

3. (Mus.) A collection of miscellaneous pieces.

Olitory

Ol"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. olitorius belonging to a kitchen gardener, or to vegetables, fr. olitor a kitchen gardener, fr. olus, oleris, vegetables.] Of or pertaining to, or produced in, a kitchen garden; used for kitchen purposes; as, olitory seeds.
At convenient distance towards the olitory garden. Evelyn.

Oliva

O*li"va (?), n. [L. an olive.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of polished marine gastropod shells, chiefly tropical, and often beautifully colored.

Olivaceous

Ol`i*va"ceous (?), a. [L. oliva olive.] Resembling the olive; of the color of the olive; olive-green.

Olivary

Ol"i*va*ry (?), a. [L. olivarius belonging to olives, fr. oliva an olive: cf. F. olivaire.] (Anat.) Like an olive. Olivary body (Anat.), an oval prominence on each side of the medulla oblongata; -- called also olive.

Olivaster

Ol`i*vas"ter (?), a. [L. oliva olive: cf.F. oliv\'83tre.] Of the color of the olive; tawny. Sir T. Herbert.

Olive

Ol"ive (?), n. [F., fr. L. oliva, akin to Gr. Oil.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A tree (Olea Europ\'91a) with small oblong or elliptical leaves, axillary clusters of flowers, and oval, one-seeded drupes. The tree has been cultivated for its fruit for thousands of years, and its branches are the emblems of peace. The wood is yellowish brown and beautifully variegated. (b) The fruit of the olive. It has been much improved by cultivation, and is used for making pickles. Olive oil is pressed from its flesh.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; -- so called from the form. See Oliva. (b) The oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

3. (a) The color of the olive, a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green. (b) One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in equal strength and proportion.

4. (Anat.) An olivary body. See under Olivary.

5. (Cookery) A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked; as, olives of beef or veal. &hand; Olive is sometimes used adjectively and in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, olive brown, olive green, olive-colored, olive-skinned, olive crown, olive garden, olive tree, olive yard, etc. Bohemian olive (Bot.), a species of El\'91agnus (E. angustifolia), the flowers of which are sometimes used in Southern Europe as a remedy for fevers. -- Olive branch. (a) A branch of the olive tree, considered an emblem of peace. (b) Fig.: A child. -- Olive brown, brown with a tinge of green. -- Olive green, a dark brownish green, like the color of the olive. -- Olive oil, an oil expressed from the ripe fruit of the olive, and much used as a salad oil, also in medicine and the arts. -- Olive ore (Min.), olivenite. -- Wild olive (Bot.), a name given to the oleaster or wild stock of the olive; also variously to several trees more or less resembling the olive.

Olive

Ol"ive, a. Approaching the color of the olive; of a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green.

Olived

Ol"ived (?), a. Decorated or furnished with olive trees. [R.] T. Warton.

Olivenite

O*liv"en*ite (?), n. (Min.) An olive-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of copper; olive ore.

Oliver

Ol"i*ver (?), n.

1. [OF. oliviere.] An olive grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. [F. olivier.] An olive tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oliver

Ol"i*ver, n. A small tilt hammer, worked by the foot.

Oliverian

Ol`i*ve"ri*an (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) An adherent of Oliver Cromwell. Macaulay.

Olivewood

Ol`ive*wood" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The wood of the olive. (b) An Australian name given to the hard white wood of certain trees of the genus El\'91odendron, and also to the trees themselves.

Olivil

Ol`i*vil (?), n. [Cf. F. olivile.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, obtained from an exudation from the olive, and having a bitter-sweet taste and acid proporties. [Written also olivile.] Gregory.

Olivin

Ol"i*vin (?), n. (Chem.) A complex bitter gum, found on the leaves of the olive tree; -- called also olivite.

Olivine

Ol"i*vine (?), n. [Cf. F. olivine.] (Min.) A common name of the yellowish green mineral chrysolite, esp. the variety found in eruptive rocks.

Olivite

Ol"i*vite (?), n. (Chem.) See Olivin.

Olla

Ol"la (?), n. [See Olio.]

1. A pot or jar having a wide mouth; a cinerary urn, especially one of baked clay.

2. A dish of stewed meat; an olio; an olla-podrida.

Olla-podrida

Ol`la-po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp., lit., a rotten pot. See Olio.]

1. A favorite Spanish dish, consisting of a mixture of several kinds of meat chopped fine, and stewed with vegetables.

2. Any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous collection; an olio. B. Jonson.

Ology

Ol"o*gy (?), n. [See -logy.] A colloquial or humorous name for any science or branch of knowledge.
He had a smattering of mechanics, of physiology, geology, mineralogy, and all other ologies whatsoever. De Quincey.

Olpe

Ol"pe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Originally, a leather flask or vessel for oils or liquids; afterward, an earthenware vase or pitcher without a spout.

Olusatrum

O*lu"sa*trum (?), n. [L. holusatrum, olusatrum; olus garden herb + ater black.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant, the common Alexanders of Western Europe (Smyrnium Olusatrum).

Olympiad

O*lym"pi*ad (?), n. [L. olympias, -adis, Gr. olympiade.] (Greek Antig.) A period of four years, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned time, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, beginning with the victory of Cor&oe;bus in the foot race, which took place in the year 776 b.c.; as, the era of the olympiads.

Olympian, Olympic

O*lym"pi*an (?), O*lym"pic (?), a. [L. Olympius, Olympicus, Gr. olympique. See Olympiad.] Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic games, ∨ Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days.

Olympionic

O*lym`pi*on"ic (?), n. [Gr. An ode in honor of a victor in the Olympic games. [R.] Johnson.

-oma

-o"ma (?). [Gr. A suffix used in medical terms to denote a morbid condition of some part, usually some kind of tumor; as in fibroma, glaucoma.

Omagra

Om"a*gra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Gout in the shoulder.

Omahas

O"ma*has" (?), n. pl.; sing. Omaha (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who inhabited the south side of the Missouri River. They are now partly civilized and occupy a reservation in Nebraska.

Omander wood

O*man"der wood` (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) The wood of Diospyros ebenaster, a kind of ebony found in Ceylon.

Omasum

O*ma"sum (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The third division of the stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies, and Illust. under Ruminant.

Omber, Ombre

Om"ber, Om"bre (?), n. [F. hombre, fr. Sp. hombre, lit., a man, fr. L. homo. See Human.] A game at cards, borrowed from the Spaniards, and usually played by three persons. Pope.
When ombre calls, his hand and heart are free, And, joined to two, he fails not to make three. Young.

Ombre

Om"bre, n. [F., of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Mediterranean food fish (Umbrina cirrhosa): -- called also umbra, and umbrine.

Ombrometer

Om*brom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ombrom\'82tre.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for measuring the rain that falls; a rain gauge.

Omega

O*me"ga (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Mickle.]

1. The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See Alpha.

2. The last; the end; hence, death.

"Omega! thou art Lord," they said. Tennyson.
Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending; hence, the chief, the whole. Rev. i. 8.
The alpha and omega of science. Sir J. Herschel.

Omegoid

O*me"goid (?), a. [Omega + -oid.] Having the form of the Greek capital letter Omega (

Omelet

Om"e*let (?), n. [F. omelette, OF. amelette, alumete, alumelle, perh. fr. L. lamella. Cf. Lamella.] Eggs beaten up with a little flour, etc., and cooked in a frying pan; as, a plain omelet.

Omen

O"men (?), n. [L. omen, the original form being osmen, according to Varro.] An occurrence supposed to portend, or show the character of, some future event; any indication or action regarded as a foreshowing; a foreboding; a presage; an augury.
Bid go with evil omen, and the brand Of infamy upon my name. Milton.

Omen

O"men, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Omened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Omening.] To divine or to foreshow by signs or portents; to have omens or premonitions regarding; to predict; to augur; as, to omen ill of an enterprise.
The yet unknown verdict, of which, however, all omened the tragical contents. Sir W. Scott.

Omened

O"mened (?), a. Attended by, or containing, an omen or omens; as, happy-omened day.

Omental

O*men"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to an omentum or the omenta.

Omentum

O*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Omenta (#). [L.] (Anat.) A free fold of the peritoneum, or one serving to connect viscera, support blood vessels, etc.; an epiplo\'94n. &hand; The great, or gastrocolic, omentum forms, in most mammals, a great sac, which is attached to the stomach and transverse colon, is loaded with fat, and covers more or less of the intestines; the caul. The lesser, or gastrohepatic, omentum connects the stomach and liver and contains the hepatic vessels. The gastrosplenic omentum, or ligament, connects the stomach and spleen.

Omer

O"mer (?), n. [Cf. Homer.] A Hebrew measure, the tenth of an ephah. See Ephah. Ex. xvi. 36.

Omiletical

Om`i*let"ic*al (?), a. Homiletical. [Obs.]

Ominate

Om"i*nate (?), v. t. & i. [L. ominatus, p.p. of ominari to presage, fr. omen.] To presage; to foreshow; to foretoken. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Omination

Om`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. ominatio.] The act of ominating; presaging. [Obs.] Fuller.

Ominous

Om"i*nous (?), a. [L. ominosus, fr. omen. See Omen.] Of or pertaining to an omen or to omens; being or exhibiting an omen; significant; portentous; -- formerly used both in a favorable and unfavorable sense; now chiefly in the latter; foreboding or foreshowing evil; inauspicious; as, an ominous dread.
He had a good ominous name to have made a peace. Bacon.
In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice without a heart was accounted ominous. South.
-- Om"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Om"i*nous*ness, n.

Omissible

O*mis"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being omitted; that may be omitted.

Omission

O*mis"sion (?), n. [L. omissio: cf. F. omission. See Omit.]

1. The act of omitting; neglect or failure to do something required by propriety or duty.

The most natural division of all offenses is into those of omission and those of commission. Addison.

2. That which is omitted or is left undone.

Omissive

O*mis"sive (?), a. [See Omit.] Leaving out; omitting. Bp. Hall. -- O*mis"sive*ly, adv.

Omit

O*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Omitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Omitting.] [L. omittere, omissum; ob (see Ob- + mittere to cause to go, let go, send. See Mission.]

1. To let go; to leave unmentioned; not to insert or name; to drop.

These personal comparisons I omit. Bacon.

2. To pass by; to forbear or fail to perform or to make use of; to leave undone; to neglect.

Her father omitted nothing in her education that might make her the most accomplished woman of her age. Addison.

Omittance

O*mit"tance (?), n. The act of omitting, or the state of being omitted; forbearance; neglect. Shak.

Omitter

O*mit"ter (?), n. One who omits. Fuller.

Ommateal

Om`ma*te"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an ommateum.

Ommateum

Om`ma*te"um (?), n.; pl. Ommatea (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A compound eye, as of insects and crustaceans.

Ommatidium

Om`ma*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Ommatidia (#). [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the single eyes forming the compound eyes of crustaceans, insects, and other invertebrates.

Omni-

Om"ni- (?). [L. omnis all.] A combining form denoting all, every, everywhere; as in omnipotent, all-powerful; omnipresent.

Omnibus

Om"ni*bus (?), n. [L., for all, dat. pl. from omnis all. Cf. Bus.]

1. A long four-wheeled carriage, having seats for many people; especially, one with seats running lengthwise, used in conveying passengers short distances.

2. (Glass Making) A sheet-iron cover for articles in a leer or annealing arch, to protect them from drafts. Omnibus bill, a legislative bill which provides for a number of miscellaneous enactments or appropriations. [Parliamentary Cant, U.S.] -- Omnibus box, a large box in a theater, on a level with the stage and having communication with it. [Eng.] Thackeray.

Omnicorporeal

Om`ni*cor*po"re*al (?), a. [Omni- + corporeal.] Comprehending or including all bodies; embracing all substance. [R.] Cudworth.

Omniety

Om*ni"e*ty (?), n. That which is all-pervading or all-comprehensive; hence, the Deity. [R.]
Omniety formed nullity into an essence. Sir T. Browne.

Omnifarious

Om`ni*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. omnifarius; omnis all + -farius. Cf. Bifarious.] Of all varieties, forms, or kinds. "Omnifarious learning." Coleridge.

Omniferous

Om*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. omnifer; omnis all + ferre to bear.] All-bearing; producing all kinds.

Omnific

Om*nif"ic (?), a. [Omni- + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.] All-creating. "The omnific word." Milton.

Omniform

Om"ni*form (?), a. [L. omniformis; omnis all + forma form: cf. F. omniforme.] Having every form or shape. Berkeley.

Omniformity

Om`ni*for"mi*ty (?), n. The condition or quality of having every form. Dr. H. More.

Omnify

Om"ni*fy (?), v. t. [Omni- + -fy.] To render universal; to enlarge. [R.]
Omnify the disputed point into a transcendent, and you may defy the opponent to lay hold of it. Coleridge.

Omnigenous

Om*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. omniqenus; omnis all + genus kind.] Consisting of all kinds. [R.]

Omnigraph

Om"ni*graph (?), n. [Omni- + -graph.] A pantograph. [R.]

Omniparient

Om`ni*pa"ri*ent (?), a. [L. omniparens all-producing; omnis all + parere to bring forth.] Producing or bringing forth all things; all-producing. [R.]

Omniparity

Om`ni*par"i*ty (?), n. [Omni- + -parity.] Equality in every part; general equality.

Omniparous

Om*nip"a*rous (?), a. [See Omniparient.] Producing all things; omniparient.

Omnipatient

Om`ni*pa"tient (?), a. [Omni- + patient.] Capable of enduring all things. [R.] Carlyle.

Omnipercipience, Omnipercipiency

Om`ni*per*cip"i*ence (?), Om`ni*per*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. Perception of everything.

Omnipercipient

Om`ni*per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [Omni- + percipient.] Perceiving everything. Dr. H. More.

Omnipotence, Omnipotency

Om*nip"o*tence (?), Om*nip"o*ten*cy (?), n. [L. omnipotentia: cf.F. omnipotence.]

1. The state of being omnipotent; almighty power; hence, one who is omnipotent; the Deity.

Will Omnipotence neglect to save The suffering virtue of the wise and brave? Pope.

2. Unlimited power of a particular kind; as, love's omnipotence. Denham.

Omnipotent

Om*nip"o*tent (?), a. [F., fr.L. omnipotens, -entis; omnis all + potens powerful, potent. See Potent.]

1. Able in every respect and for every work; unlimited in ability; all-powerful; almighty; as, the Being that can create worlds must be omnipotent.

God's will and pleasure and his omnipotent power. Sir T. More.

2. Having unlimited power of a particular kind; as, omnipotent love. Shak.

The Omnipotent, The Almighty; God. Milton.

Omnipotently

Om*nip"o*tent*ly, adv. In an omnipotent manner.
Page 1002

Omnipresence

Om`ni*pres"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. omnipr\'82sence.] Presence in every place at the same time; unbounded or universal presence; ubiquity.
His omnipresence fills Land, sea, and air, and every kind that lives. Milton.

Omnipresency

Om`ni*pres"en*cy (?), n. Omnipresence. [Obs.]

Omnipresent

Om`ni*pres"ent (?), a. [Omni- + present: cf.F. omnipr\'82sent.] Present in all places at the same time; ubiquitous; as, the omnipresent Jehovah. Prior.

Omnipresential

Om`ni*pre*sen"tial (?), a. Implying universal presence. [R.] South.

Omniprevalent

Om`ni*prev"a*lent (?), a. [Omni- + prevalent.] Prevalent everywhere or in all things. Fuller.

Omniscience

Om*nis"cience (?), n. [Cf. F. omniscience.] The quality or state of being omniscient; -- an attribute peculiar to God. Dryden.

Omnisciency

Om*nis"cien*cy (?), n. Omniscience.

Omniscient

Om*nis"cient (?), a. [Omni- + L. sciens, -entis, p. pr. of scire to know: cf. F. omniscient. See Science.] Having universal knowledge; knowing all things; infinitely knowing or wise; as, the omniscient God. -- Om*nis"cient*ly, adv.
For what can scape the eye Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart Omniscient? Milton.

Omniscious

Om*nis"cious (?), a. [L. omniscius. See Omniscient.] All-knowing. [Obs.] Hakewill.

Omnispective

Om`ni*spec"tive (?), a. [Omni- + L. spectus, p.p. of specere, spicere, to view.] Beholding everything; capable of seeing all things; all-seeing. [R.] "Omnispective Power!" Boyse.

Omnium

Om"ni*um (?), n. [L., of all, gen. pl. of omnis all.] (Eng.Stock Exchange) The aggregate value of the different stocks in which a loan to government is now usually funded. M'Culloch.

Omnium-gatherum

Om`ni*um-gath"er*um (?), n. [A macaronic compound of L. omnium, gen.pl. of omnis all, and E. gather.] A miscellaneous collection of things or persons; a confused mixture; a medley. [Colloq. & Humorous] Selden.

Omnivagant

Om*niv"a*gant (?), a. [Omni + L. vagans, p.pr. of vagari to wander.] Wandering anywhere and everywhere. [R.]

Omnivora

Om*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Omnivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of ungulate mammals including the hog and the hippopotamus. The term is also sometimes applied to the bears, and to certain passerine birds.

Omnivorous

Om*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. omnivorus; omnis all + vorate to eat greedily. See Voracious.] All-devouring; eating everything indiscriminately; as, omnivorous vanity; esp. (Zo\'94l.), eating both animal and vegetable food. -- Om*niv"o*rous*ness, n.

Omo-

O"mo- (?). [Gr. A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the shoulder or the scapula.

Omohyoid

O`mo*hy"oid (?), a. [Omo- + hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the shoulder and the hyoid bone; as, the omohyoid muscle.

Omophagic

O"mo*phag"ic (?), a. [Gr. Eating raw flesh; using uncooked meat as food; as, omophagic feasts, rites.

Omoplate

Om"o*plate (?), n. [F., from Gr. Omo-, and Plate.] (Anat.) The shoulder blade, or scapula.

Omostegite

O*mos"te*gite (?), n. [Omo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The part of the carapace of a crustacean situated behind the cervical groove.

Omosternal

O`mo*ster"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the omosternum.

Omosternum

O`mo*ster"num (?), n. [Omo- + sternum.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior element of the sternum which projects forward from between the clavicles in many batrachians and is usually tipped with cartilage. (b) In many mammals, an interarticular cartilage, or bone, between the sternum and the clavicle.

Omphacine

Om"pha*cine (?), a. [Gr. omphacin.] Of, pertaining to, or expressed from, unripe fruit; as, omphacine oil.

Omphalic

Om*phal"ic, a. [Gr. Navel.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the umbilicus, or navel.

Omphalo-

Om"pha*lo- (?). [Gr. A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to, the umbilicus, or navel.

Omphalocele

Om"pha*lo*cele` (?), n. [Gr. omphaloc\'82le.] (Med.) A hernia at the navel.

Omphalode

Om"pha*lode (?), n. [Omphalo- + Gr. (Bot.) The central part of the hilum of a seed, through which the nutrient vessels pass into the rhaphe or the chalaza; -- called also omphalodium.

Omphalomancy

Om"pha*lo*man"cy (?), n. [Omphalo- + -mancy.] Divination by means of a child's navel, to learn how many children the mother may have. Crabb.

Omphalomesaraic

Om`pha*lo*mes`a*ra"ic (?), a. [Omphalo- + mesaraic.] (Anat.) Omphalomesenteric.

Omphalomesenteric

Om`pha*lo*mes`en*ter"ic (?), a. [Omphalo- + mesenteric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the umbilicus and mesentery; omphalomesaraic; as, the omphalomesenteric arteries and veins of a fetus.

Omphalopsychite

Om`pha*lop"sy*chite (?), n. [Omphalo- + Gr. omphalopsyque.] (Eccl.Hist.) A name of the Hesychasts, from their habit of gazing upon the navel.

Omphalopter, Omphaloptic

Om`pha*lop"ter (?), Om`pha*lop"tic (?), n. [Gr. omphaloptre.] An optical glass that is convex on both sides. [Obs.] Hutton.

Omphalos

Om"pha*los (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The navel.

Omphalotomy

Om`pha*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. omphalotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of dividing the navel-string.

Omy

O"my (?), a. Mellow, as land. [Prov.Eng.] Ray.

On

On (?), prep. [OE. on, an, o, a, AS. on, an; akin to D. aan, OS. & G. an, OHG. ana, Icel. \'be, Sw. ana, Russ. na, L. an-, in anhelare to pant, Gr. ana. &root;195. Cf. A-, 1, Ana-, Anon.] The general signification of on is situation, motion, or condition with respect to contact or support beneath; as: --

1. At, or in contact with, the surface or upper part of a thing, and supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; as, the book lies on the table, which stands on the floor of a house on an island.

I stood on the bridge at midnight. Longfellow.

2. To or against the surface of; -- used to indicate the motion of a thing as coming or falling to the surface of another; as, rain falls on the earth.

Whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken. Matt. xxi. 44.

3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with; as, to play on a violin or piano. Hence, figuratively, to work on one's feelings; to make an impression on the mind.

4. At or near; adjacent to; -- indicating situation, place, or position; as, on the one hand, on the other hand; the fleet is on the American coast.

5. In addition to; besides; -- indicating multiplication or succession in a series; as, heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief; loss on loss; thought on thought. Shak.

6. Indicating dependence or reliance; with confidence in; as, to depend on a person for assistance; to rely on; hence, indicating the ground or support of anything; as, he will promise on certain conditions; to bet on a horse.

7. At or in the time of; during; as, on Sunday we abstain from labor. See At (synonym).

8. At the time of, conveying some notion of cause or motive; as, on public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform. Hence, in consequence of, or following; as, on the ratification of the treaty, the armies were disbanded.

9. Toward; for; -- indicating the object of some passion; as, have pity or compassion on him.

10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. "Hence, on thy life." Dryden.

11. By virtue of; with the pledge of; -- denoting a pledge or engagement, and put before the thing pledged; as, he affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honor.

12. To the account of; -- denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon; as, on us be all the blame; a curse on him.

His blood be on us and on our children. Matt. xxvii. 25.

13. In reference or relation to; as, on our part expect punctuality; a satire on society.

14. Of. [Obs.] "Be not jealous on me." Shak.

Or have we eaten on the insane root That takes the reason prisoner? Shak.
&hand; Instances of this usage are common in our older writers, and are sometimes now heard in illiterate speech.

15. Occupied with; in the performance of; as, only three officers are on duty; on a journey.

16. In the service of; connected with; of the number of; as, he is on a newspaper; on a committee. &hand; On and upon are in general interchangeable. In some applications upon is more euphonious, and is therefore to be preferred; but in most cases on is preferable. On a bowline. (Naut.) Same as Closehauled. -- On a wind, ∨ On the wind (Naut.), sailing closehauled. -- On a sudden. See under Sudden. -- On board, On draught, On fire, etc. See under Board, Draught, Fire, etc. -- On it, On't, of it. [Obs. or Colloq.] Shak. -- On shore, on land; to the shore. -- On the road, On the way, On the wing, etc. See under Road, Way, etc. -- On to, upon; on; to; -- sometimes written as one word, onto, and usually called a colloquialism; but it may be regarded in analogy with into.

They have added the -en plural form on to an elder plural. Earle.
We see the strength of the new movement in the new class of ecclesiastics whom it forced on to the stage. J. R. Green.

On

On, adv. [See On, prep.]

1. Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion; as, move on; go on. "Time glides on." Macaulay.

The path is smooth that leadeth on to danger. Shak.

2. Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on.

3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on.

4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, "He is neither on nor off," that is, he is not steady, he is irresolute.

5. Attached to the body, as clothing or ornament, or for use. "I have boots on." B. Gonson.

He put on righteousness as a breastplate. Is. lix. 17.

6. In progress; proceeding; as, a game is on. &hand; On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, on, comrades; that is, go on, move on. On and on, continuously; for a long time together. "Toiling on and on and on." Longfellow.

Onager

On"a*ger (?), n.; pl. L. Onagri (#), E. Onagers (#). [L. onager, onagrus, Gr.

1. (Rom.Antiq.) A military engine acting like a sling, which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket, and was operated by machinery. Fairholt.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A wild ass, especially the koulan.

Onagga

O*nag"ga (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dauw.

Onagraceous, Onagrarieous

On`a*gra"ceous (?), On`a*gra*ri"e*ous (?), a. [From NL. Onagra an old scientific name of the evening primrose (Enothera), fr. Gr. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Onagrace\'91 or Onagrarie\'91), which includes the fuchsia, the willow-herb (Epilobium), and the evening primrose ().

Onanism

O"nan*ism (?), n. [Onan (Gen. xxxviii. 9): cf. F. onanisme.] Self-pollution; masturbation.

Onappo

O*nap"po (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal South American monkey (Callithrix discolor), noted for its agility; -- called also ventriloquist monkey.

Ince

Ince (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ounce.

Once

Once (?), adv. [OE. ones, anes, an adverbial form fr. one, on, an, one. See One-, -Wards.]

1. By limitation to the number one; for one time; not twice nor any number of times more than one.

Ye shall . . . go round about the city once. Josh. vi. 3.
Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years. Bacon.

2. At some one period of time; -- used indefinitely.

My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee. Addison.
That court which we shall once govern. Bp. Hall.

3. At any one time; -- often nearly equivalent to ever, if ever, or whenever; as, once kindled, it may not be quenched.

Wilt thou not be made clean? When shall it once be? Jer. xiii. 27.
To be once in doubt Is once to be resolved. Shak.
&hand; Once is used as a noun when preceded by this or that; as, this once, that once. It is also sometimes used elliptically, like an adjective, for once-existing. "The once province of Britain." J. N. Pomeroy.. At once. (a) At the same point of time; immediately; without delay. "Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once." Shak. "I . . . withdrew at once and altogether." Jeffrey. (b) At one and the same time; simultaneously; in one body; as, they all moved at once. -- Once and again, once and once more; repeatedly. "A dove sent forth once and again, to spy." Milton.

Oncidium

On*cid"i*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical orchidaceous plants, the flower of one species of which (O. Papilio) resembles a butterfly.

Oncograph

On"co*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the changes observable with an oncometer.

Oncometer

On*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the variations in size of the internal organs of the body, as the kidney, spleen, etc.

Oncotomay

On*cot"o*may (?), n. [Gr. oncotomie.] (Surg.) The opening of an abscess, or the removal of a tumor, with a cutting instrument. [Written also onkotomy.] Dunglison.

Onde

Onde (?), n. [AS. anda malice, anger; akin to Icel. andi, \'94nd, breath.] Hatred; fury; envy. [Obs.]

On dit

On` dit" (?). [F.] They say, or it is said. -- n. A flying report; rumor; as, it is a mere on dit.

-one

-one (?). [From Gr. -w`nh, signifying, female descendant.] (Chem.) A suffix indicating that the substance, in the name of which it appears, is a ketone; as, acetone.

-one

-one.(Chem.) A termination indicating that the hydrocarbon to the name of which it is affixed belongs to the fourth series of hydrocarbons, or the third series of unsaturated hydrocarbonsl as, nonone.

One

One (?), a. [OE. one, on, an, AS. \'84n; akin to D. een, OS. \'89n, OFries. \'89n, \'84n, G. ein, Dan. een, Sw. en, Icel. einn, Goth. ains, W. un, Ir. & Gael. aon, L. unus, earlier oinos, oenos, Gr. \'89ka. The same word as the indefinite article a, an. &root; 299. Cf. 2d A, 1st An, Alone, Anon, Any, None, Nonce, Only, Onion, Unit.]

1. Being a single unit, or entire being or thing, and no more; not multifold; single; individual.

The dream of Pharaoh is one. Gen. xli. 25.
O that we now had here But one ten thousand of those men in England. Shak.

2. Denoting a person or thing conceived or spoken of indefinitely; a certain. "I am the sister of one Claudio" [Shak.], that is, of a certain man named Claudio.

3. Pointing out a contrast, or denoting a particular thing or person different from some other specified; -- used as a correlative adjective, with or without the.

From the one side of heaven unto the other. Deut. iv. 32.

4. Closely bound together; undivided; united; constituting a whole.

The church is therefore one, though the members may be many. Bp. Pearson

5. Single in kind; the same; a common.

One plague was on you all, and on your lords. 1 Sam. vi. 4.

6. Single; inmarried. [Obs.]

Men may counsel a woman to be one. Chaucer.
&hand; One is often used in forming compound words, the meaning of which is obvious; as, one-armed, one-celled, one-eyed, one-handed, one-hearted, one-horned, one-idead, one-leaved, one-masted, one-ribbed, one-story, one-syllable, one-stringed, one-winged, etc. All one, of the same or equal nature, or consequence; as, he says that it is all one what course you take. Shak.<-- = all the same --> -- One day. (a) On a certain day, not definitely specified, referring to time past.
One day when Phoebe fair, With all her band, was following the chase. Spenser.
(b) Referring to future time: At some uncertain day or period; some day.
Well, I will marry one day. Shak.

One

One, n.

1. A single unit; as, one is the base of all numbers.

2. A symbol representing a unit, as 1, or i.

3. A single person or thing. "The shining ones." Bunyan. "Hence, with your little ones." Shak.

He will hate the one, and love the other. Matt. vi. 24.
That we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory. Mark x. 37.
After one, after one fashion; alike. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- At one, in agreement or concord. See At one, in the Vocab. -- Ever in one, continually; perpetually; always. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- In one, in union; in a single whole. -- One and one, One by one, singly; one at a time; one after another."Raising one by one the suppliant crew." Dryden. <-- one on one, (in a contest) contesting an opponent individually; go one on one, (in a game, esp. basketball) to contest one opponent by oneself. -->
Page 1003

One

One (?), indef. pron. Any person, indefinitely; a person or body; as, what one would have well done, one should do one's self.
It was well worth one's while. Hawthorne.
Against this sort of condemnation one must steel one's self as one best can. G. Eliot.
One is often used with some, any, no, each, every, such, a, many a, another, the other, etc. It is sometimes joined with another, to denote a reciprocal relation.
When any one heareth the word. Matt. xiii. 19.
She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton Reade.
The Peloponnesians and the Athenians fought against one another. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
The gentry received one another. Thackeray.

One

One, v. t. To cause to become one; to gather into a single whole; to unite; to assimilite. [Obs.]
The rich folk that embraced and oned all their heart to treasure of the world. Chaucer.

Oneberry

One"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The herb Paris. See Herb Paris, under Herb.

One-hand

One"-hand` (?), a. Employing one hand; as, the one-hand alphabet. See Dactylology.

One-horse

One"-horse` (?), a.

1. Drawn by one horse; having but a single horse; as, a one-horse carriage.

2. Second-rate; inferior; small. [Slang, U.S.]

Oneidas

O*nei"das (?), n. pl.; sing. Oneida (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the region near Oneida Lake in the State of New York, and forming part of the Five Nations. Remnants of the tribe now live in New York, Canada, and Wisconsin.

Oneirocritic

O*nei`ro*crit`ic (?), n. [Cf.F. oneirocritique. See Oneirocritic, a.] An interpreter of dreams. Bp. Warburton. Addison.

Oneirocritic, Oneirocritical

O*nei`ro*crit`ic (?), O*nei`ro*crit`ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the interpretation of dreams. Addison.

Oneirocriticism, Oneirocritics

O*nei`ro*crit`i*cism (?), O*nei`ro*crit`ics (?), n. The art of interpreting dreams.

Oneiromancy

O*nei"ro*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by means of dreams. De Quincey.

Oneiroscopist

O`nei*ros"co*pist, n. One who interprets dreams.

Oneiroscopy

O`nei*ros"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] The interpretation of dreams.

Oneliness

One"li*ness (?), n. The state of being one or single. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Onely

One"ly (?), a. See Only. [Obs.] Spenser.

Onement

One"ment (?), n. The state of being at one or reconciled. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Oneness

One"ness, n. The state of being one; singleness in number; individuality; unity.
Our God is one, or rather very oneness. Hooker.

Onerary

On"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. onerarius, fr. onus, oneris, load, burden: cf.F. on\'82raire.] Fitted for, or carrying, a burden. Johnson.

Onerate

On"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Onerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Onerating.] [L. oneratus, p.p. pf onerare.] To load; to burden. [Obs.] Becon.

Oneration

On`er*a"tion (?), n. The act of loading. [Obs.]

Onerous

On"er*ous (?), a. [L. onerosus, fr. onus, oneris, a load, burden: cf.F. on\'82reux.] Burdensome; oppressive. "Too onerous a solicitude." I. Taylor. Onerous cause (Scots Law), a good and legal consideration; -- opposed to gratuitous.

Onerously

On"er*ous*ly, adv. In an onerous manner.

Ones

Ones (?), adv. Once. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oneself

One`self" (?), pron. A reflexive form of the indefinite pronoun one. Commonly writen as two words, one's self.
One's self (or more properly oneself), is quite a modern form. In Elizabethan English we find a man's self=one's self. Morris.

One-sided

One`-sid"ed (?), a.

1. Having one side only, or one side prominent; hence, limited to one side; partial; unjust; unfair; as, a one-sided view or statement. "Unguarded and one-sided language." T. Arnold.

2. (Bot.) Growing on one side of a stem; as, one-sided flowers. -- One`-sid"ed-ly, adv. -- One`-sid"ed*ness, n.

Onethe

On*ethe" (?), adv. Scarcely. See Unnethe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ongoing

On"go`ing (?), n. The act of going forward; progress; (pl.) affairs; business; current events.
The common ongoings of this our commonplace world, and everyday life. Prof. Wilson.

Onguent

On"guent (?), n. [F.] An unguent.

On-hanger

On"-hang`er (?), n. A hanger-on.

Onion

On"ion (?), n. [F. ognon, fr. L. unio oneness, unity, a single large pearl, an onion. See One, Union.] (Bot.) A liliaceous plant of the genus Allium (A.cepa), having a strong-flavored bulb and long hollow leaves; also, its bulbous root, much used as an article of food. The name is often extended to other species of the genus. Onion fish (Zo\'94l.), the grenadier. -- Onion fly (Zo\'94l.) a dipterous insect whose larva feeds upon the onion; especially, Anthomyia ceparum and Ortalis flexa. -- Welsh onion. (Bot.) See Cibol. -- Wild onion (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Allium.

Onirocritic

O*ni`ro*crit`ic (?), a. See Oneirocritic.

Onliness

On"li*ness (?), n. The state of being alone. [Obs.]

Onloft

On*loft" (?), adv. Aloft; above ground. [Obs.]
She kept her father's life onloft. Chaucer.

On-looker

On"-look`er (?), n. A looker-on.

On-looking

On"-look`ing, a. Looking on or forward.

Only

On"ly (?), a. [OE. only, anly, onlich, AS. \'benlic, i.e., onelike. See One, and Like, a.]

1. One alone; single; as, the only man present; his only occupation.

2. Alone in its class; by itself; not associated with others of the same class or kind; as, an only child.

3. Hence, figuratively: Alone, by reason of superiority; pre\'89minent; chief. "Motley's the only wear." Shak.

Only

On"ly (?), adv. [See Only, a.]

1. In one manner or degree; for one purpose alone; simply; merely; barely.

And to be loved himself, needs only to be known. Dryden.

2. So and no otherwise; no other than; exclusively; solely; wholly. "She being only wicked." Beau. & Fl.

Every imagination . . . of his heart was only evil. Gen. vi. 5.

3. Singly; without more; as, only-begotten.

4. Above all others; particularly. [Obs.]

His most only elected mistress. Marston.

Only

On"ly, conj. Save or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with or without that, and properly introducing a single fact or consideration.
He might have seemed some secretary or clerk . . . only that his low, flat, unadorned cap . . . indicated that he belonged to the city. Sir W. Scott.

Onocerin

On`o*ce"rin (?), n. [NL. Ononis, the generic name of the plant + L. cera wax.] (Chem.) A white crystalline waxy substance extracted from the root of the leguminous plant Ononis spinosa.

Onology

O*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] Foolish discourse. [R.]

Onomancy

On"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy. Cf. Nomancy.] Divination by the letters of a name; nomancy. [R.] Camden.

Onomantic, Onomantical

On`o*man"tic (?), On`o*man"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to onomancy. [R.]

Onomastic

On`o*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Law) Applied to a signature when the body of the instrument is in another's handwriting. Burrill.

Onomasticon

On`o*mas"ti*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Onomastic.] A collection of names and terms; a dictionary; specif., a collection of Greek names, with explanatory notes, made by Julius Pollux about A.D.180.

Onomatechny

On"o*ma*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. Prognostication by the letters of a name.

Onomatologist

On`o*ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the history of names. Southey.

Onomatology

On`o*ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of names or of their classification.

Onomatope

O*nom"a*tope (?), n. [See Onomatop\'d2ia.] An imitative word; an onomatopoetic word.

Onomatop\'d2ia

On`o*mat`o*p\'d2"ia (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Philol.) The formation of words in imitation of sounds; a figure of speech in which the sound of a word is imitative of the sound of the thing which the word represents; as, the buzz of bees; the hiss of a goose; the crackle of fire. &hand; It has been maintained by some philologist that all primary words, especially names, were formed by imitation of natural sounds.

Onomatop\'d2ic

On`o*mat`o*p\'d2"ic (?), a. Onomatopoetic. Whitney.

Onomatopoetic

On`o*mat`o*po*et"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to onomatop\'d2ia; characterized by onomatop\'d2ia; imitative; as, an onomatopoetic writer or word. Earle.

Onomatopy

On`o*mat"o*py (?), n. Onomatop\'d2ia.

Onomomancy

O*nom"o*man`cy (?), n. See Onomancy.

Onondagas

On`on*da"gas (?), n. pl.; sing. Onondaga (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting what is now a part of the State of New York. They were the central or head tribe of the Five Nations.

Onrush

On"rush` (?), n. A rushing onward.

Onset

On"set` (?), n. [On + set.]

1. A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army. Milton.

The onset and retire Of both your armies. Shak.
Who on that day the word of onset gave. Wordsworth.

2. A setting about; a beginning. [Obs.] Shak.

There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon.

3. Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful appendage. [Obs.] Johnson.

Onset

On"set`, v. t.

1. To assault; to set upon. [Obs.]

2. To set about; to begin. [Obs.] Carew.

Onslaught

On"slaught` (?), n. [OE. on on + slaught, slaht, slaughter. See Slaughter.]

1. An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or assault.

By storm and onslaught to proceed. Hudibras.

2. A bloody fray or battle. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Onstead

On"stead (?), n. [Possibly a corruption of homestead.] A single farmhouse; a steading. [Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Grose. Jamieson.

Onto

On"to (?), prep. [On + to. Cf. Into.] On the top of; upon; on. See On to, under On, prep.

Ontogenesis, Ontogeny

On`to*gen"e*sis (?), On*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Ontology, and Genesis.] (Biol.) The history of the individual development of an organism; the history of the evolution of the germ; the development of an individual organism, -- in distinction from phylogeny, or evolution of the tribe. Called also henogenesis, henogeny.

Ontogenetic

On`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to ontogenesis; as, ontogenetic phenomena. -- On`to*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Ontogenic

On`to*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Ontogenetic.

Ontologic

On`to*log"ic (?), a. Ontological.

Ontological

On`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ontologique.] Of or pertaining to ontology.

Ontologically

On`*to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ontological manner.

Ontologist

On*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.F. ontologiste.] One who is versed in or treats of ontology. Edin. Rev.

Ontology

On*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf.F. ontologie.] That department of the science of metaphysics which investigates and explains the nature and essential properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the principles and causes of being.

Onus

O"nus (?), n. [L.] A burden; an obligation. Onus probandi ( [L.], obligation to furnish evidence to prove a thing; the burden of proof.

Onward

On"ward (?), a.

1. Moving in a forward direction; tending toward a contemplated or desirable end; forward; as, an onward course, progress, etc.

2. Advanced in a forward direction or toward an end.

Within a while, Philoxenus came to see how onward the fruits were of his friend's labor. Sir P. Sidney.

Onward

On"ward, adv. Toward a point before or in front; forward; progressively; as, to move onward.
Not one looks backward, onward still he goes. Pope.

Onwardness

On"ward*ness, n. Progress; advancement.

Onwards

On"wards (?), adv. [See -wards.] Onward.

Ony

On"y (?), a. Any. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Onycha

On"y*cha (?), n. [NL., from L. onyx, -ychis, onyx, also, a kind of mussel, Gr. Onyx.]

1. An ingredient of the Mosaic incense, probably the operculum of some kind of strombus. Ex. xxx. 34.

2. The precious stone called onyx. [R.]

Onychia

O*nych"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Onyx.] (Med.) (a) A whitlow. (b) An affection of a finger or toe, attended with ulceration at the base of the nail, and terminating in the destruction of the nail.

Onychomancy

On"y*cho*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. onychomancie.] Divination by the nails.

Onychophora

On`y*choph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Malacopoda.

Onyx

O"nyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Nail, and cf. Onycha.] (Min.) Chalcedony in parallel layers of different shades of color. It is used for making cameos, the figure being cut in one layer with the next as a ground. Onyx marble, a banded variety of marble or calcium carbonate resembling onyx. It is obtained from Mexico.

Oo

Oo, a. One. [Obs.] Chaucer.

O\'94

O"\'94 (?), n. [Hawaiian.] (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful bird (Moho nobilis) of the Hawaiian Islands. It yields the brilliant yellow feathers formerly used in making the royal robes. Called also yellow-tufted honeysucker.

O\'d2cium

O*\'d2"ci*um (?), n.; pl. O\'d2cia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special zooids, or cells, of Bryozoa, destined to receive and develop ova; an ovicell. See Bryozoa.

O\'94genesis

O`\'94*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Physiol.) The development, or mode of origin, of the ova.

O\'94gonium

O`\'94*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. O\'94gonia (#), E. O\'94goniums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A special cell in certain cryptogamous plants containing o\'94spheres, as in the rockweeds (Fucus), and the orders Vaucherie\'91 and Peronospore\'91.

Ooidal

O*oi"dal (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Shaped like an egg.

Ook

Ook (?), n. Oak. [Obs.] "A branched ook." Chaucer.

O\'94lite

O"\'94*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf.F. o\'94lithe. So named from its resemblance to the roe of fish.] (Geol.) A variety of limestone, consisting of small round grains, resembling the roe of a fish. It sometimes constitutes extensive beds, as in the European Jurassic. See the Chart of Geology.

O\'94litic

O`\'94*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf.F. o\'94lithique.] Of or pertaining to o\'94lite; composed of, or resembling, o\'94lite.

O\'94logical

O`\'94*log"ic*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to o\'94logy.

O\'94logist

O*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. One versed in o\'94logy.

O\'94logy

O*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of eggs in relation to their coloring, size, shape, and number.

Oolong

Oo"long (?), n. [Chinese, green dragon.] A fragrant variety of black tea having somewhat the flavor of green tea. [Written also oulong.]

Oomiac, Oomiak

Oo"mi*ac, Oo"mi*ak (?), n. A long, broad boat used by the Eskimos.

Oon

Oon (?), a. One. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oones

Oones (?), adv. Once. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oop

Oop (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Oopack, Oopak

Oo"pack, Oo"pak (?), n. [So named from a district in China.] A kind of black tea.

O\'94phore

O"\'94*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) An alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which bears antheridia and archegonia, and so has sexual fructification, as contrasted with the sporophore, which is nonsexual, but produces spores in countless number. In ferns the o\'94phore is a minute prothallus; in mosses it is the leafy plant.

O\'94phorectomy

O`\'94*pho*rec"to*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) Ovariotomy.

O\'94phoric

O`\'94*phor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nature of, or belonging to, an o\'94phore.

O\'94phoridium

O`\'94*pho*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. L. O\'94phorida (#), E. O\'94phoridiums (#). [NL., dim. fr. Gr. O\'94phore.] (Bot.) The macrosporangium or case for the larger kind of spores in heterosporous flowerless plants.

O\'94phoritis

O`\'94*pho*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Ovaritis.

O\'94phyte

O"\'94*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (collectively termed o\'94phytes or O\'94phyta), which have their sexual reproduction accomplished by motile antherozoids acting on o\'94spheres, either while included in their o\'94gonia or after exclusion. &hand; This class was at first called O\'94spore\'91, and is made to include all alg\'91 and fungi which have this kind of reproduction, however they may differ in all other respects, the contrasted classes of Thallophytes being Protophytes, Zygophytes, and Carpophytes. The whole system has its earnest advocates, but is rejected by many botanists. See Carpophyte.
Page 1004

O\'94phytic

O`\'94*phyt"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an o\'94phyte.

O\'94rial

O*\'94"ri*al (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A wild, bearded sheep inhabiting the Ladakh mountains. It is reddish brown, with a dark beard from the chin to the chest.

O\'94sperm

O"\'94*sperm (?), n. [Gr. sperm.] (Biol.) The ovum, after fusion with the spermatozo\'94n in impregnation. Balfour.

O\'94spere

O"\'94*spere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.]

1. (Bot.) An unfertilized, rounded mass of protoplasm, produced in an o\'94gonium. &hand; After being fertilized by the access of antherozoids it becomes covered with a cell wall and develops into an o\'94spore, which may grow into a new plant like the parent.

2. (Bot.) An analogous mass of protoplasm in the ovule of a flowering plant; an embryonic vesicle. Goodale.

O\'94sporangium

O`\'94*spo*ran"gi*um (?), n.; pl. L. O\'94sporangia (#), E. O\'94sporangiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An o\'94gonium; also, a case containing oval or rounded spores of some other kind than o\'94spores.

O\'94spore

O"\'94*spore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) (a) A special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization of an o\'94sphere by antherozoids. (b) A fertilized o\'94sphere in the ovule of a flowering plant.

O\'94sporic

O`\'94*spor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an o\'94spore.

O\'94stegite

O*\'94s"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the plates which in some Crustacea inclose a cavity wherein the eggs are hatched.

O\'94theca

O`\'94*the"ca (?), n.; pl. O\'94thec\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An egg case, especially those of many kinds of mollusks, and of some insects, as the cockroach. Cf. O\'d2cium.

O\'94tooid, O\'94tocoid

O*\'94t"*ooid (?), O*\'94t"o*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A half oviparous, or an oviparous, mammal; a marsupial or monotreme.

O\'94type

O"\'94*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] (Zo\'94l.) The part of the oviduct of certain trematode worms in which the ova are completed and furnished with a shell.

Ooze

Ooze (?), n. [OE. wose, AS. wase dirt, mire, mud, akin to w juice, ooze, Icel. v\'bes wetness, OHG. waso turf, sod, G. wasen.]

1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield to pressure. "My son i' the ooze is bedded." Shak.

2. Soft flow; spring. Prior.

3. The liquor of a tan vat.

Ooze

Ooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oozed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Oozing.] [Prov. Eng. weeze, wooz. See Ooze, n.]

1. To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance or through small openings.

The latent rill, scare oozing through the grass. Thomson.

2. Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; as, the secret oozed out; his courage oozed out.

Ooze

Ooze, v. t. To cause to ooze. Alex. Smith.

O\'94zoa

O`\'94*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Acrita.

Oozy

Ooz"y (?), a. Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze; as, the oozy bed of a river. Pope.

Opacate

O*pa"cate (?), v. t. [L. opacatus, p.p. of opacare.] To darken; to cloud. [Obs.] Boyle.

Opacity

O*pac"i*ty (?), n. [L. opacitas: cf.F. opacit\'82.]

1. The state of being opaque; the quality of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light; want of transparency; opaqueness.

2. Obscurity; want of clearness. Bp. Hall.

Opacous

O*pa"cous (?), a. [L. opacus. See Opaque.] Opaque. [R.] Milton. -- O*pa"cous*ness, n. [R.]

Opacular

O*pac"u*lar (?), a. Opaque. [Obs.] Sterne.

Opah

O"pah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large oceanic fish (Lampris quttatus), inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its brilliant colors, which are red, green, and blue, with tints of purple and gold, covered with round silvery spots. Called also king of the herrings.

Opake

O*pake" (?), a. See Opaque.

Opal

O"pal (?), n. [L. opalus: cf. Gr. upala a rock, stone, precious stone: cf. F. opale.] (Min.) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity. &hand; The precious opal presents a peculiar play of colors of delicate tints, and is highly esteemed as a gem. One kind, with a varied play of color in a reddish ground, is called the harlequin opal. The fire opal has colors like the red and yellow of flame. Common opal has a milky appearance. Menilite is a brown impure variety, occurring in concretions at Menilmontant, near Paris. Other varieties are cacholong, girasol, hyalite, and geyserite.

Opalesce

O`pal*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Opalesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opalescing (?).] To give forth a play of colors, like the opal.

Opalescence

O`pal*es"cence (?), n. (Min.) A reflection of a milky or pearly light from the interior of a mineral, as in the moonstone; the state or quality of being opalescent.

Opalescent

O`pal*es"cent (?), a. Reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; having an opaline play of colors.

Opaline

O"pal*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. opalin.] Of, pertaining to, or like, opal in appearance; having changeable colors like those of the opal.

Opalize

O"pal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opalizing.] [Cf. F. opaliser.] To convert into opal, or a substance like opal. Lyell.

Opalotype

O*pal"o*type (?), n. [Opal + -type.] (Photog.) A picture taken on "milky" glass.

Opaque

O*paque" (?), a. [F., fr. L. opacus. Cf. Opacous.]

1. Impervious to the rays of light; not transparent; as, an opaque substance.

2. Obscure; not clear; unintelligible. [Colloq.]

Opaque

O*paque", n. That which is opaque; opacity. Young.

Opaqueness

O*paque"ness, n. The state or quality of being impervious to light; opacity. Dr. H. More.

Ope

Ope (?), a. Open. [Poetic] Spenser.
On Sunday heaven's gate stands ope. Herbert.

Ope

Ope, v. t. & i. To open. [Poetic]
Wilt thou not ope thy heart to know What rainbows teach and sunsets show? Emerson.

Opeidoscope

O*pei"do*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument, consisting of a tube having one end open and the other end covered with a thin flexible membrance to the center of which is attached a small mirror. It is used for exhibiting upon a screen, by means of rays reflected from the mirror, the vibratory motions caused by sounds produced at the open end of the tube, as by speaking or singing into it. A. E. Dolbear.

Opelet

Ope"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored European actinian (Anemonia, ∨ Anthea, sulcata); -- so called because it does not retract its tentacles.

Open

O"pen (?), a. [AS. open; akin to D. open, OS. opan, G. offan, Icel. opinn, Sw. \'94ppen, Dan. aaben, and perh. to E. up. Cf. Up, and Ope.]

1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead.

Through the gate, Wide open and unquarded, Satan passed. Milton
Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears open.
His ears are open unto their cry. Ps. xxxiv. 15.

2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed.

If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies. Acts xix. 33.
The service that I truly did his life, Hath left me open to all injuries. Shak.

3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea.

4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect.

Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight. Dryden.

5. Hence: (a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression of thought and feeling, etc.

With aspect open, shall erect his head. Pope.
The Moor is of a free and open nature. Shak.
The French are always open, familiar, and talkative. Addison.
(b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt.
His thefts are too open. Shak.
That I may find him, and with secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton.

6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter. Bacon.

7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open.

8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement.

9. (Phon.) (a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; -- said of vowels; as, the \'84n f\'84r is open as compared with the \'be in s\'bey. (b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure, as in uttering s.

10. (Mus.) (a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length. (b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone. The open air, the air out of doors. -- Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain. -- Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or closed circuit. -- Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. Close communion, under Close, a. -- Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end. -- Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the orillon. -- Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a forehearth. -- Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely dispersed, or separated by wide intervals. -- Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under Hawse. -- Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory furnace. -- Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing steel. -- Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called the Siemens-Martin process, from the inventors. -- Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also called Siemens-Martin steel. -- Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow. -- Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an octave higher than a closed pipe of the same length. -- Open-timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the constructional parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like. -- Open vowel ∨ consonant. See Open, a., 9. &hand; Open is used in many compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded. Syn. -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling; artless. See Candid, and Ingenuous.

Open

O"pen (?), n. Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water. "To sail into the open." Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Then we got into the open. W. Black.
In open, in full view; without concealment; openly. [Obs.]<-- = in the open --> Beau. & Fl.

Openm

O"penm v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opening.] [AS. openian. See Open,a.]

1. To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter.

And all the windows of my heart I open to the day. Whittier.

2. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.

3. To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.

The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death. Bacon.
Unto thee have I opened my cause. Jer. xx. 12.
While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke xxiv. 32.

4. To make known; to discover; also, to render available or accessible for settlements, trade, etc.

The English did adventure far for to open the North parts of America. Abp. Abbot.

5. To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting.

6. To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers. To open one's mouth, to speak. -- To open up, to lay open; to discover; to disclose.

Poetry that had opened up so many delightful views into the character and condition of our "bold peasantry, their country's pride." Prof. Wilson.

Open

O"pen, v. i.

1. To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be parted.

The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. cvi. 17.

2. To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; as, the harbor opened to our view.

3. To begin; to commence; as, the stock opened at par; the battery opened upon the enemy.

4. (Sporting) To bark on scent or view of the game.

Open-air

O"pen-air` (?), a. Taking place in the open air; outdoor; as, an open-air game or meeting.

Openbill

O"pen*bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus Anastomus, allied to the stork; -- so called because the two parts of the bill touch only at the base and tip. One species inhabits India, another Africa. Called also open-beak. See Illust. (m), under Beak.

Opener

O"pen*er (?), n. One who, or that which, opens. "True opener of my eyes." Milton.

Open-eyed

O"pen-eyed` (?), a. With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant. Shak.

Open-handed

O"pen-hand`ed (?), a. Generous; liberal; munificent. -- O"pen-hand`ed*ness, n. J. S. Mill.

Open-headed

O"pen-head`ed (?), a. Bareheaded. [Obs.]

Open-hearted

O"pen-heart`ed (?), a. Candid; frank; generous. Dryden. -- O"pen-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- O"pen-heart`ed*ness, n. Walton.

Opening

O"pen*ing, n.

1. The act or process of opening; a beginning; commencement; first appearance; as, the opening of a speech.

The opening of your glory was like that of light. Dryden.

2. A place which is open; a breach; an aperture; a gap; cleft, or hole.

We saw him at the opening of his tent. Shak.

3. Hence: A vacant place; an opportunity; as, an opening for business. [Colloq.] Dickens.

4. A thinly wooded space, without undergrowth, in the midst of a forest; as, oak openings. [U.S.] Cooper.

Openly

O"pen*ly, adv. [AS. openlice.]

1. In an open manner; publicly; not in private; without secrecy.

How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness! Tillotson.

2. Without reserve or disguise; plainly; evidently.

My love . . . shall show itself more openly. Shak.

Open-mouthed

O"pen-mouthed` (?), a. Having the mouth open; gaping; hence, greedy; clamorous. L'Estrange.

Openness

O"pen*ness, n. The quality or state of being open.

Openwork

O"pen*work` (?), n.

1. Anything so constructed or manufactured (in needlework, carpentry, metal work, etc.) as to show openings through its substance; work that is perforated or pierced.

2. (Mining) A quarry; an open cut. Raymond.

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Opera

Op"er*a (?), n. [It., fr. opera work, composition, opposed to an improvisation, fr. L. opera pains work, fr. opus, operis, work, labor: cf. F. op\'82ra. See Operate.]

1. A drama, either tragic or comic, of which music forms an essential part; a drama wholly or mostly sung, consisting of recitative, arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc., with orchestral accompaniment, preludes, and interludes, together with appropriate costumes, scenery, and action; a lyric drama.

2. The score of a musical drama, either written or in print; a play set to music.

3. The house where operas are exhibited. Op\'82ra bouffe [F. op\'82ra opera + bouffe comic, It.buffo], Opera buffa [It.], light, farcical, burlesque opera. -- Opera box, a partially inclosed portion of the auditorium of an opera house for the use of a small private party. -- Op\'82ra comique [F.], comic or humorous opera. -- Opera flannel, a light flannel, highly finished. Knight. -- Opera girl (Bot.), an East Indian plant (Mantisia saltatoria) of the Ginger family, sometimes seen in hothouses. It has curious flowers which have some resemblance to a ballet dancer, whence the popular name. Called also dancing girls. -- Opera glass, a short telescope with concave eye lenses of low power, usually made double, that is, with a tube and set of glasses for each eye; a lorgnette; -- so called because adapted for use at the opera, theater, etc. -- Opera hat, a gentleman's folding hat. -- Opera house, specifically, a theater devoted to the performance of operas. -- Opera seria [It.], serious or tragic opera; grand opera.

Operable

Op"er*a*ble (?), a. Practicable. [Obs.]

Operameter

Op`er*am"e*ter (?), n. [L. opus, operis, pl. opera work + -meter.] An instrument or machine for measuring work done, especially for ascertaining the number of rotations made by a machine or wheel in manufacturing cloth; a counter. Ure.

Operance, Operancy

Op"er*ance (?), Op"er*an*cy (?), n. The act of operating or working; operation. [R.]

Operand

Op"er*and (?), n. [From neuter of L. operandus, gerundive of operari. See Operate.] (Math.) The symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical operation is performed; -- called also faciend.

Operant

Op"er*ant (?), a. [L. operans, p.pr. of operari. See Operate.] Operative. [R.] Shak. -- n. An operative person or thing. [R.] Coleridge.

Operate

Op"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Operated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Operating.] [L. operatus, p.p. of operari to work, fr. opus, operis, work, labor; akin to Skr. apas, and also to G. \'81ben to exercise, OHG. uoben, Icel. . Cf. Inure, Maneuver, Ure.]

1. To perform a work or labor; to exert power or strengh, physical or mechanical; to act.

2. To produce an appropriate physical effect; to issue in the result designed by nature; especially (Med.), to take appropriate effect on the human system.

3. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or influence.

The virtues of private persons operate but on a few. Atterbury.
A plain, convincing reason operates on the mind both of a learned and ignorant hearer as long as they live. Swift.

4. (Surg.) To perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.

5. To deal in stocks or any commodity with a view to speculative profits. [Brokers' Cant]

Operate

Op"er*ate, v. t.

1. To produce, as an effect; to cause.

The same cause would operate a diminution of the value of stock. A. Hamilton.

2. To put into, or to continue in, operation or activity; to work; as, to operate a machine.

Operatic, Operatical

Op`er**at"ic (?), Op`er*at"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the opera or to operas; characteristic of, or resembling, the opera.

Operation

Op`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. operatio: cf. F. op\'82ration.]

1. The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral.

The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its operation on the stomach. Locke.
Speculative painting, without the assistance of manual operation, can never attain to perfection. Dryden.

2. The method of working; mode of action.

3. That which is operated or accomplished; an effect brought about in accordance with a definite plan; as, military or naval operations.

4. Effect produced; influence. [Obs.]

The bards . . . had great operation on the vulgar. Fuller.

5. (Math.) Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or symbols.

6. (Surg.) Any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, to produce a curative or remedial effect, as in amputation, etc. Calculus of operations. See under Calculus.

Operative

Op"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf.L. operativus, F. op\'82ratif.]

1. Having the power of acting; hence, exerting force, physical or moral; active in the production of effects; as, an operative motive.

It holds in all operative principles. South.

2. Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious; as, an operative dose, rule, or penalty.

3. (Surg.) Based upon, or consisting of, an operation or operations; as, operative surgery.

Operative

Op"er*a*tive, n. A skilled worker; an artisan; esp., one who operates a machine in a mill or manufactory.

Operatively

Op"er*a*tive*ly, adv. In an operative manner.

Operator

Op"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.]

1. One who, or that which, operates or produces an effect.

2. (Surg.) One who performs some act upon the human body by means of the hand, or with instruments.

3. A dealer in stocks or any commodity for speculative purposes; a speculator. [Brokers' Cant]

4. (Math.) The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed; -- called also facient.

Operatory

Op"er*a*to*ry (?), n. A laboratory. [Obs.]

Opercle

O"per*cle (?), n. [Cf.F. opercule. See Operculum.]

1. (Anat.) Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of fishes; an opercular bone.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An operculum.

Opercula

O*per"cu*la (?), n. pl. See Operculum.

Oparcular

O*par"cu*lar (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an operculum.

Opercular

O*per"cu*lar, n. (Anat.) The principal opercular bone or operculum of fishes.

Operculate, Operculated

O*per"cu*late (?), O*per"cu*la`ted (?), a. [L. operculatus, p.p. of operculare to furnish with a lid, fr. operculum lid.]

1. (Bot.) Closed by a lid or cover, as the capsules of the mosses.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having an operculum, or an apparatus for protecting the gills; -- said of shells and of fishes.

Operculiferous

O*per`cu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Operculum + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing an operculum.

Operculiform

O*per"cu*li*form (?), a. [L. operculum a cover + -form: cf. F. operculiforme.] Having the form of a lid or cover.

Operculigenous

O*per`cu*lig`e*nous (?), a. [Operculum + -genous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing an operculum; -- said of the foot, or part of the foot, of certain mollusks.

Operculum

O*per"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Opercula (#), E. Operculums (#). [L., a cover or lid, fr. operire to cover.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The lid of a pitcherform leaf. (b) The lid of the urnlike capsule of mosses.

2. (Anat.) (a) Any lidlike or operculiform process or part; as, the opercula of a dental follicle. (b) The fold of integument, usually supported by bony plates, which protects the gills of most fishes and some amphibians; the gill cover; the gill lid. (c) The principal opercular bone in the upper and posterior part of the gill cover.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lid closing the aperture of various species of shells, as the common whelk. See Illust. of Gastropoda. (b) Any lid-shaped structure closing the aperture of a tube or shell.

Operetta

Op`er*et"ta (?), n. [It., dim. of opera.] (Mus.) A short, light, musical drama.

Operose

Op"er*ose` (?). a. [L. operosus, fr. opera pains, labor, opus, operis, work, labor.] Wrought with labor; requiring labor; hence, tedious; wearisome. "Operose proceeding." Burke. "A very operose calculation." De Quincey. -- Op"er*ose`ly, adv. -- Op"er*ose`ness, n.

Operosity

Op`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. operositas.] Laboriousness. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Operous

Op"er*ous (?), a. Operose. [Obs.] Holder. -- Op"er*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Opertaneous

Op`er*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. opertaneus; operire to hide.] Concealed; private. [R.]

Opetide

Ope"tide` (?), n. [Ope + tide.] Open time; -- applied to different things: (a) The early spring, or the time when flowers begin opening. [Archaic] Nares. (b) The time between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday wherein marriages were formerly solemnized publicly in churches. [Eng.] (c) The time after harvest when the common fields are open to all kinds of stock. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. [Written also opentide.]

Ophelic

O*phel"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a substance (called ophelic acid) extracted from a plant (Ophelia) of the Gentian family as a bitter yellowish sirup, used in India as a febrifuge and tonic.

Ophicleide

Oph"i*cleide (?), n. [F. ophicl\'82ide, fr. Gr. (Mus.) A large brass wind instrument, formerly used in the orchestra and in military bands, having a loud tone, deep pitch, and a compass of three octaves; -- now generally supplanted by bass and contrabass tubas. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Ophidia

O*phid"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The order of reptiles which includes the serpents. &hand; The most important divisions are: the Solenoglypha, having erectile perforated fangs, as the rattlesnake; the Proteroglypha, or elapine serpents, having permanently erect fang, as the cobra; the Asinea, or colubrine serpents, which are destitute of fangs; and the Opoterodonta, or Epanodonta, blindworms, in which the mouth is not dilatable.

Ophidian

O*phid"i*an (?), n. [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Ophidia; a snake or serpent.

Ophidian

O*phid"i*an, a. [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophidia; belonging to serpents.

Ophidioid

O*phid"i*oid (?), a. [Ophidion + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophidiid\'91, a family of fishes which includes many slender species. -- n. One of the Ophidiid\'91.

Ophidion

O*phid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Ophidia (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The typical genus of ophidioid fishes. [Written also Ophidium.] See Illust. under Ophidioid.

Ophidious

O*phid"i*ous (?), a. Ophidian.

Ophiolatry

O`phi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of serpents.

Ophiologic, Ophiological

O`phi*o*log"ic (?), O`phi*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ophiology.

Ophiologist

O`phi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the natural history of serpents.

Ophiology

O`phi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf.F. ophioloqie.] That part of natural history which treats of the ophidians, or serpents.

Ophiomancy

O"phi*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ophiomantie.] Divination by serpents, as by their manner of eating, or by their coils.

Ophiomorpha

O`phi*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ophiomorphous.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of tailless amphibians having a slender, wormlike body with regular annulations, and usually with minute scales imbedded in the skin. The limbs are rudimentary or wanting. It includes the c\'91cilians. Called also Gymnophiona and Ophidobatrachia.

Ophiomorphite

O`phi*o*mor"phite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) An ammonite.

Ophiomorphous

O`phi*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. -morphous.] Having the form of a serpent.

Ophiophagous

O`phi*oph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. ophiophage.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on serpents; -- said of certain birds and reptiles.

Ophiophagus

O`phi*oph"a*gus, n. [NL. See Ophiophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of venomous East Indian snakes, which feed on other snakes. Ophiophagus elaps is said to be the largest and most deadly of poisonous snakes.

Ophite

O"phite (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a serpent. [Obs.]

Ophite

O"phite, n. [L. ophites, Gr. ophite.] (Min.) A greenish spotted porphyry, being a diabase whose pyroxene has been altered to uralite; -- first found in the Pyreness. So called from the colored spots which give it a mottled appearance. -- O*phi"ic (#), a.

Ophite

O"phite, n. [L. Ophitae, pl. See Ophite, a.] (Eccl.Hist.) A mamber of a Gnostic serpent-worshiping sect of the second century.

Ophiuchus

O`phi*u"chus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.) A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, delineated as a man holding a serpent in his hands; -- called also Serpentarius.

Ophiura

O`phi*u"ra (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ophiurioid starfishes.

Ophiuran

O`phi*u"ran (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea. -- n. One of the Ophiurioidea.

Ophiurid

O`phi*u"rid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ophiurioid.

Ophiurida

O`phi*u"ri*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ophiurioidea.

Ophiurioid

O`phi*u"ri*oid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea. -- n. One of the Ophiurioidea. [Written also ophiuroid.]

Ophiurioidea, Ophiuroidea

O`phi*u`ri*oi"de*a (?), O`phi*u*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A class of star-shaped echinoderms having a disklike body, with slender, articulated arms, which are not grooved beneath and are often very fragile; -- called also Ophiuroida and Ophiuridea. See Illust. under Brittle star.

Ophryon

Oph"ry*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The supraorbital point.

Ophthalmia

Oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. [F. ophthalmie, L. ophthalmia, fr. Gr. optic. See Optic.] (Med.) An inflammation of the membranes or coats of the eye or of the eyeball.

Ophthalmic

Oph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. ophthalmique. See Ophthalmia.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the eye; ocular; as the ophthalmic, or orbitonasal, nerve, a division of the trigeminal, which gives branches to the lachrymal gland, eyelids, nose, and forehead. Ophthalmic region (Zo\'94l.), the space around the eyes.

Ophthalmite

Oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An eyestalk; the organ which bears the compound eyes of decapod Crustacea.

Ophthalmological

Oph*thal`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ophthalmology.

Ophthalmologist

Oph`thal*mol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist.

Ophthalmology

Oph`thal*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ophthalmologie.] The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye.

Ophthalmometer

Oph`thal*mom"e*ter, n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained.

Ophthalmoscope

Oph*thal"mo*scope (?), n. [From Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for viewing the interior of the eye, particularly the retina. Light is thrown into the eye by a mirror (usually concave) and the interior is then examined with or without the aid of a lens. -- Oph*thal`mo*scop"ic (#), a.

Ophthalmoscopy

Oph`thal*mos"co*py (?), n. [Cf. F. ophthalmoscopie.]

1. A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a person's temper and character from the appearance of the eyes.

2. Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope.

Page 1006

Ophthalmy

Oph*thal"my (?), n. Same as Ophthalmia.

Opianic

O`pi*an"ic (?), a. [From Opium.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the oxidation of narcotine.

Opianine

O"pi*a*nine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in small quantity in opium. It is identical with narcotine.

Opianyl

O"pi*a*nyl, n. [Opianic + -yl.] (Chem.) Same as Meconin.

Opiate

O"pi*ate (?), n. [From Opium: cf.F. opiat.]

1. Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. Parr.

2. Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of inducing sleep or repose; a narcotic.

3. Anything which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets uneasiness.

They chose atheism as an opiate. Bentley.

Opiate

O"pi*ate, a. [See Opium.] Inducing sleep; somniferous; narcotic; hence, anodyne; causing rest, dullness, or inaction; as, the opiate rod of Hermes. Milton.

Opiate

O"pi*ate (?), v. t. To subject to the influence of an opiate; to put to sleep. [R.] Fenton.

Opiated

O"pi*a`ted (?), a.

1. Mixed with opiates.

2. Under the influence of opiates.

Opie

O"pie (?), n. Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Opiferous

O*pif"er*ous (?), a. [L. opifer; ops, opis, help + ferre to bear.] Bringing help. [R.]

Opifice

Op"i*fice (?), n. [L. opificium, fr. opifex workman. See Office.] Workmanship. [Obs.] Bailey.

Opificer

O*pif"i*cer (?), n. An artificer; a workman. [Obs.] "The almighty opificer." Bentley.

Opinable

O*pin"a*ble (?), a. [L. opinabilis.] Capable of being opined or thought. Holland.

Opination

Op`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. opinatio. See Opine,] The act of thinking; a supposition. [Obs.]

Opinative

O*pin"a*tive (?), a. Obstinate in holding opinions; opinionated. [Obs.] -- O*pin"a*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Burton. Sir T. More.

Opinator

Op"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One fond of his own opinious; one who holds an opinion. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Opine

O*pine" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Opined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opining.] [L. opinari, p.p. opinatus; akin to opinus (in comp.) thinking, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. opiner.] To have an opinion; to judge; to think; to suppose. South.

Opiner

O*pin"er (?), n. One who opines. Jer. Taylor.

Opiniaster, Opiniatre

O`pin*ias"ter (?), O`pin*ia"tre (?), a. [OF. opiniastre, F. opini\'83tre. See Opinion.] Opinionated. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Opiniastrous

O`pin*ias"trous (?), a. See Opiniaster. [Obs.].

Opinlate

O*pin"late (?), v. t. To hold or maintain persistently. [Obs.] Barrow.

Opiniated

O*pin"ia*ted (?), a. Opinionated. [Obs.]

Opiniative

O*pin"ia*tive (?), a. Opinionative. Glanvill. -- O*pin"ia*tive*ly, adv. -- O*pin"ia*tive*ness, n.

Opiniator, Opiniatre

O`pin*ia"tor, O`pin*ia"tre (?), n. One who is opinionated. [Obs.] South. Barrow.

Opiniatre

O`pin*ia"tre, a. See Opiniaster. [Obs.] Locke.

Opiniatrety

O`pin*iat"re*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. opini\'83tret\'82.] Obstinacy in opinious. [Written also opiniatry.] [Obs.]

Opinicus

O*pin"i*cus (, n. (Her.) An imaginary animal borne as a charge, having wings, an eagle's head, and a short tail; -- sometimes represented without wings.

Opining

O*pin"ing (?), n. Opinion. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Opinion

O*pin"ion (?), n. [F., from L. opinio. See Opine.]

1. That which is opined; a notion or conviction founded on probable evidence; belief stronger than impression, less strong than positive knowledge; settled judgment in regard to any point of knowledge or action.

Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persussion than to another, yet not without a mixture of incertainty or doubting. Sir M. Hale.
I can not put off my opinion so easily. Shak.

2. The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or things; estimation.

I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people. Shak.
Friendship . . . gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good opinion of his friend. South.
However, I have no opinion of those things. Bacon.

3. Favorable estimation; hence, consideration; reputation; fame; public sentiment or esteem. [Obs.]

Thou hast redeemed thy lost opinion. Shak.
This gained Agricola much opinion, who . . . had made such early progress into laborious . . . enterprises. Milton.

4. Obstinacy in holding to one's belief or impression; opiniativeness; conceitedness. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Law.) The formal decision, or expression of views, of a judge, an umpire, a counselor, or other party officially called upon to consider and decide upon a matter or point submitted. To be of opinion, to think; to judge. -- To hold opinion with, to agree with. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Sentiment; notion; persuasion; idea; view; estimation. See Sentiment.

Opinion

O*pin"ion, v. t. To opine. [Obs.]

Opinionable

O*pin"ion*a*ble (?), a. Being, or capable of being, a matter of opinion; that can be thought; not positively settled; as, an opinionable doctrine. C. J. Ellicott.

Opinionate

O*pin"ion*ate (?), a. Opinionated.

Opinionated

O*pin"ion*a`ted (?), a. Stiff in opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own opinion or to preconceived notions; obstinate in opinion. Sir W. Scott.

Opinionately

O*pin"ion*ate*ly (?), adv. Conceitedly. Feltham.

Opinionatist

O*pin"ion*a*tist (?), n. An opinionist. [Obs.]

Opinionative

O*pin"ion*a*tive, a.

1. Unduly attached to one's own opinions; opinionated. Milton.

2. Of the nature of an opinion; conjectured. [Obs.] "Things both opinionative and practical." Bunyan. -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ly, adv. -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ness, n.

Opinionator

O*pin"ion*a`tor (?), n. An opinionated person; one given to conjecture. [Obs.] South.

Opinioned

O*pin"ioned (?), a. Opinionated; conceited.
His opinioned zeal which he thought judicious. Milton.

Opinionist

O*pin"ion*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. opinioniste.] One fond of his own notions, or unduly attached to his own opinions. Glanvill.

Opiparous

O*pip"a*rous (?), a. [L. opiparus, fr. ops, opis, riches + parare to provide.] Sumptuous. [Obs.] -- O*pip"a*rous*ly, adv. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

Opisometer

Op`i*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument with a revolving wheel for measuring a curved line, as on a map.

Opisthion

O*pis"thi*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The middle of the posterior, or dorsal, margin of the great foramen of the skull.

Opisthobranchia, Opisthobranchiata

O*pis`tho*bran"chi*a (?), O*pis`tho*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropod Mollusca, in which the breathing organs are usually situated behind the heart. It includes the tectibranchs and nudibranchs.

Opisthobranchiate

O*pis`tho*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Opisthobranchiata. -- n. One of the Opisthobranchiata.

Opisthoc\'d2lian, Opisthoc\'d2lous

O*pis`tho*c\'d2"li*an (?), O*pis`tho*c\'d2"lous (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Concave behind; -- applied especially to vertebr\'91 in which the anterior end of the centrum is convex and the posterior concave.

Opisthodome

O*pis"tho*dome (?), n. [L. opisthodomus, Gr. do`mos house: cf. F. opisthodome.] (Arch.) A back chamber; especially, that part of the naos, or cella, farthest from the main entrance, sometimes having an entrance of its own, and often used as a treasury.

Opisthoglypha

O*pis`tho*glyph"a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of serpents which have some of the posterior maxillary teeth grooved for fangs.

Opisthography

Op`is*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A writing upon the back of anything, as upon the back of a leaf or sheet already written upon on one side. [R.] Scudamore.

Opisthomi

Op`is*tho"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of eellike fishes having the scapular arch attached to the vertebr\'91, but not connected with the skull.

Opisthopulmonate

O*pis`tho*pul"mo*nate (?), a.[Gr. pulmonate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the pulmonary sac situated posteriorly; -- said of certain air-breathing Mollusca.

Opisthotic

Op`is*thot"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The inferior and posterior of the three elements forming the periotic bone.

Opisthotonos

Op`is*thot"o*nos (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A tetanic spasm in which the body is bent backwards and stiffened.

Opitulation

O*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. opitulatio, fr. opitulari to bring help.] The act of helping or aiding; help. [Obs.] Bailey.

Opium

O"pi*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Chem.) The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum, or white poppy. &hand; Opium is obtained from incisions made in the capsules of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported into Europe and America chiefly from the Levant, and large quantities are sent to China from India, Persia, and other countries. It is of a brownish yellow color, has a faint smell, and bitter and acrid taste. It is a stimulant narcotic poison, which may produce hallicinations, profound sleep, or death. It is much used in medicine to soothe pain and inflammation, and is smoked as an intoxicant with baneful effects. Opium joint, a low resort of opium smokers. [Slang]

Ople tree

O"ple tree` (?). [L. opulus a kind of maple tree.] The witch-hazel. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Opobalsam, Opobalsamum

Op`o*bal"sam (?), Op`o*bal"sa*mum (?), n. [L. opobalsamum, Gr. (Med.) The old name of the aromatic resinous juice of the Balsamodendron opobalsamum, now commonly called balm of Gilead. See under Balm.

Opodeldoc

Op`o*del"doc (?), n. [So called by Paracelsus. The first syllable may be fr. Gr.

1. A kind of plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus, -- used for external injuries. [Obs.]

2. A saponaceous, camphorated liniment; a solution of soap in alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils; soap liniment.

Opopanax

O*pop"a*nax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. opopanax.] The inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant (the Opoponax Chironum), brought from Turkey and the East Indies in loose granules, or sometimes in larger masses, of a reddish yellow color, with specks of white. It has a strong smell and acrid taste, and was formerly used in medicine as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic. Dunglison.

Opossum

O*pos"sum (?), n. [Of N. American Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and Chironectes. The common species of the United States is Didelphys Virginiana.<-- called also possum --> &hand; Several related species are found in South America. The water opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus), which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called also yapock. Opossum mouse. (Zo\'94l.) See Flying mouse, under Flying. -- Opossum shrimp (Zo\'94l.), any schizopod crustacean of the genus Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda.

Oppidan

Op"pi*dan (?), a. [L. oppidanus, fr. oppidum town.] Of or pertaining to a town. Howell.

Oppidan

Op"pi*dan, n.

1. An inhabitant of a town.

2. A student of Eton College, England, who is not a King's scholar, and who boards in a private family.

Oppignerate

Op*pig"ner*ate (?), v. i. [L. oppigneratus, p.p. of oppignerare to pawn. See Ob-, and Pignerate.] To pledge; to pawn. [Obs.] Bacon.

Oppilate

Op"pi*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oppilating (?).] [L. oppilatus, p.p. of oppilare to stop up; ob (see Ob-) + pilare to ram down, to thrust.] To crowd together; to fill with obstructions; to block up. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Oppilation

Op`pi*la"tion (?), n. [L. oppilatio: cf. F. opilation.] The act of filling or crowding together; a stopping by redundant matter; obstruction, particularly in the lower intestines. Jer. Taylor.

Oppilative

Op`pi*la*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. opilatif. See Oppilate.] Obstructive. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Opplete, Oppleted

Op*plete" (?), Op*plet"ed (?), a. [L. oppletus, p.p. of opplere to fill up; ob (see Ob-) + plere to fill.] Filled; crowded. [Obs.] Johnson.

Oppletion

Op*ple"tion (?), n. The act of filling up, or the state of being filled up; fullness. [Obs.]

Oppone

Op*pone" (?), v. t. [L. opponere. See Opponent.] To oppose. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Opponency

Op*po"nen*cy (?), n. The act of opening an academical disputation; the proposition of objections to a tenet, as an exercise for a degree. [Eng.] Todd.

Opponent

Op*po"nent (?), a. [L. opponens, -entis, p.pr. of opponere to set or place against, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + ponere to place. See Position.] Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse; antagonistic. Pope.

Opponent

Op*po"nent, n.

1. One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe. Macaulay.

2. One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or proposition, in distinction from the respondent, or defendant, who maintains it.

How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably commit the opponent with the respondent, like a long-practiced moderator! Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See Adversary.

Opportune

Op`por*tune" (?), a. [F. opporiun, L. opportunus, lit., at or before the port; ob (see Ob-) + a derivative of portus port, harbor. See Port harbor.] Convenient; ready; hence, seasonable; timely. Milton.
This is most opportune to our need. Shak.
-- Op`por*tune"ly, adv. -- Op`por*tune"ness, n.

Opportune

Op`por*tune", v. t. To suit. [Obs.] Dr. Clerke(1637).

Opportunism

Op`por*tun"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. opportunisme.] The art or practice of taking advantage of opportunities or circumstances, or of seeking immediate advantage with little regard for ultimate consequences. [Recent]

Opportunist

Op`por*tun"ist, n. [Cf. F. opportuniste.] One who advocates or practices opportunism. [Recent]

Opportunity

Op`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Opportunities (#). [F. opportunit\'82, L. opportunitas. See Opportune.]

1. Fit or convenient time; a time or place favorable for executing a purpose; a suitable combination of conditions; suitable occasion; chance.

A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. Bacon.

2. Convenience of situation; fitness. [Obs.]

Hull, a town of great strength and opportunity, both to sea and land affairs. Milton.

3. Importunity; earnestness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Occasion; convenience; occurrence. -- Opportunity, Occasion. An occasion is that which falls in our way, or presents itself in the course of events; an opportunity is a convenience or fitness of time, place, etc., for the doing of a thing. Hence, occasions often make opportunities. The occasion of sickness may give opportunity for reflection.

Opposability

Op*pos`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The condition or quality of being opposable.
In no savage have I ever seen the slightest approach to opposability of the great toe, which is the essential distinguishing feature of apes. A. R. Wallace.

Opposable

Op*pos"a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being opposed or resisted.

2. Capable of being placed opposite something else; as, the thumb is opposable to the forefinger.

Opposal

Op*pos"al (?), n. Opposition. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

Oppose

Op*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opposing.] [F. opposer. See Ob-, Pose, and cf.2d Appose, Puzzle, n. Cf.L. opponere, oppositum.]

1. To place in front of, or over against; to set opposite; to exhibit.

Her grace sat down . . . In a rich chair of state; opposing freely The beauty of her person to the people. Shak.

2. To put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail; to set against; to offer antagonistically.

I may . . . oppose my single opinion to his. Locke.

3. To resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against; to confront; to resist; to withstand; as, to oppose the king in battle; to oppose a bill in Congress.

4. To compete with; to strive against; as, to oppose a rival for a prize.

I am . . . too weak To oppose your cunning. Shak.
Syn. -- To combat; withstand; contradict; deny; gainsay; oppugn; contravene; check; obstruct.
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Oppose

Op*pose" (?), v. i.

1. To be set opposite. Shak.

2. To act adversely or in opposition; -- with against or to; as, a servant opposed against the act. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To make objection or opposition in controversy.

Opposeless

Op*pose"less, a. Not to be effectually opposed; irresistible. [Obs.] "Your great opposeless wills." Shak.

Opposer

Op*pos"er (?), n. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist; an adversary.

Opposite

Op"po*site (?), a. [F., fr. L. oppositus, p. p. of opponere. See Opponent.]

1. Placed over against; standing or situated over against or in front; facing; -- often with to; as, a house opposite to the Exchange.

2. Applied to the other of two things which are entirely different; other; as, the opposite sex; the opposite extreme.

3. Extremely different; inconsistent; contrary; repugnant; antagonistic.

Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pieasure opposite to that which is designed in an epic poem. Dryden.
Particles of speech have divers, and sometimes almost opposite, significations. Locke.

4. (Bot.) (a) Set over against each other, but separated by the whole diameter of the stem, as two leaves at the same node. (b) Placed directly in front of another part or organ, as a stamen which stands before a petal.

Opposite

Op"po*site, n.

1. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist. [Obs.]

The opposites of this day's strife. Shak.

2. That which is opposed or contrary; as, sweetness and its opposite.

The virtuous man meets with more opposites and opponents than any other. Landor.

Oppositely

Op"po*site*ly, adv. In a situation to face each other; in an opposite manner or direction; adversely.
Winds from all quarters oppositely blow. May.

Oppositeness

Op"po*site*ness, n. The quality or state of being opposite.

Oppositifolious

Op*pos`i*ti*fo"li*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, Folious.] (Bot.) Placed at the same node with a leaf, but separated from it by the whole diameter of the stem; as, an oppositifolious peduncle.

Opposition

Op`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. oppositio. See Opposite.]

1. The act of opposing; an attempt to check, restrain, or defeat; resistance.

The counterpoise of so great an opposition. Shak.
Virtue which breaks through all opposition. Milton.

2. The state of being placed over against; situation so as to front something else. Milton.

3. Repugnance; contrariety of sentiment, interest, or purpose; antipathy. Shak.

4. That which opposes; an obstacle; specifically, the aggregate of persons or things opposing; hence, in politics and parliamentary practice, the party opposed to the party in power.

5. (Astron.) The situation of a heavenly body with respect to another when in the part of the heavens directly opposite to it; especially, the position of a planet or satellite when its longitude differs from that of the sun 180°; -- signified by the symbol as, .

6. (Logic) The relation between two propositions when, having the same subject and predicate, they differ in quantity, or in quality, or in both; or between two propositions which have the same matter but a different form.

Oppositionist

Op`po*si"tion*ist, n. One who belongs to the opposition party. Praed.

Oppositipetalous

Op*pos`i*ti*pet"al*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, and Petal.] (Bot.) Placed in front of a petal.

Oppositisepalous

Op*pos`i*ti*sep"al*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, and Sepal.] (Bot.) Placed in front of a sepal.

Oppositive

Op*pos`i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. oppositif. See Opposite.] Capable of being put in opposition. Bp. Hall.

Oppress

Op*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oppressing.] [F. oppresser, LL. oppressare, fr. L. oppressus, p. p. of opprimere; ob (see Ob-) + premere to press. See Press.]

1. To impose excessive burdens upon; to overload; hence, to treat with unjust rigor or with cruelty. Wyclif.

For thee, oppress\'8ad king, am I cast down. Shak.
Behold the kings of the earth; how they oppress Thy chosen ! Milton.

2. To ravish; to violate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To put down; to crush out; to suppress. [Obs.]

The mutiny he there hastes to oppress. Shak.

4. To produce a sensation of weight in (some part of the body); as, my lungs are oppressed by the damp air; excess of food oppresses the stomach.

Oppression

Op*pres"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. oppressio.]

1. The act of oppressing, or state of being oppressed.

2. That which oppresses; a hardship or injustice; cruelty; severity; tyranny. "The multitude of oppressions." Job xxxv. 9.

3. A sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind; depression; dullness; lassitude; as, an oppression of spirits; an oppression of the lungs.

There gentlee Sleep First found me, and with soft oppression seized My drowsed sense. Milton.

4. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oppressive

Op*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. oppressif.]

1. Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe, rigorous, or harsh; as, oppressive taxes; oppressive exactions of service; an oppressive game law. Macaulay.

2. Using oppression; tyrannical; as, oppressive authority or commands.

3. Heavy; overpowering; hard to be borne; as, oppressive grief or woe.

To ease the soul of one oppressive weight. Pope.
-- Op*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Op*press"ive*ness, n.

Oppressor

Op*press"or (?), n. [L.] One who oppresses; one who imposes unjust burdens on others; one who harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity.
The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds. Shak.
To relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor. Swift.

Oppressure

Op*pres"sure (?), n. Oppression. [Obs.]

Opprobrious

Op*pro"bri*ous (?), a. [L. opprobriosus, fr. opprobrium. See Opprobrium.]

1. Expressive of opprobrium; attaching disgrace; reproachful; scurrilous; as, opprobrious language.

They . . . vindicate themselves in terms no less opprobrious than those by which they are attacked. Addison.

2. Infamous; despised; rendered hateful; as, an opprobrious name.

This dark, opprobrious den of shame. Milton.
-- Op*pro"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Op*pro"bri*ous*ness, n.

Opprobrium

Op*pro"bri*um (?), n. [L., fr. ob (see Ob-) + probrum reproach, disgrace.] Disgrace; infamy; reproach mingled with contempt; abusive language.
Being both dramatic author and dramatic performer, he found himself heir to a twofold opprobrium. De Quincey.

Opprobry

Op*pro"bry (?), n. Opprobrium. [Obs.] Johnson.

Oppugn

Op*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppugned (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oppugning.] [OF. oppugner, L. oppugnare; ob (see Ob-) + pugnare to fight. See Impugn.] To fight against; to attack; to be in conflict with; to oppose; to resist.
They said the manner of their impeachment they could not but conceive did oppugn the rights of Parliament. Clarendon.

Oppugnancy

Op*pug"nan*cy (?), n. [See Oppugnant.] The act of oppugning; opposition; resistance. Shak.

Oppugnant

Op*pug"nant (?), a. [L. oppugnans, p. pr. of oppugnare. See Oppugn.] Tending to awaken hostility; hostile; opposing; warring. "Oppugnant forces." I. Taylor. -- n. An opponent. [R.] Coleridge.

Oppugnation

Op`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. oppugnatio: cf. OF. oppugnation.] Opposition. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Oppugner

Op*pugn"er (?), n. One who opposes or attacks; that which opposes. Selden.

Opsimathy

Op*sim"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. Education late in life. [R.] Hales.

Opsiometer

Op`si*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. opsiom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the limits of distincts vision in different individuals, and thus determiming the proper focal length of a lens for correcting imperfect sight. Brande & C.

Opsonation

Op`so*na"tion (?), n. [L. opsonatio.] A catering; a buying of provisions. [Obs.] Bailey.

Optable

Op"ta*ble (?), a. [L. optabilis.] That may be chosen; desirable. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Optate

Op"tate (?), v. i. [L. optatus, p. p. of optare.] To choose; to wish for; to desire. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Optation

Op*ta"tion (?), n. [L. optatio. See Option.] The act of optating; a wish. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Optative

Op"ta*tive (?), a. [L. optativus: cf. F. optatif.] Expressing desire or wish. Fuller. Optative mood (Gram.), that mood or form of a verb, as in Greek, Sanskrit, etc., in which a wish or desire is expressed.

Optative

Op"ta*tive, n. [Cf. F. optatif.]

1. Something to be desired. [R.] Bacon.

2. (Gram.) The optative mood; also, a verb in the optative mood.

Optatively

Op"ta*tive*ly, adv. In an optative manner; with the expression of desire. [R.]
God blesseth man imperatively, and man blesseth God optatively. Bp. Hall.

Optic

Op"tic (?), n. [From Optic, a.]

1. The organ of sight; an eye.

The difference is as great between The optics seeing, as the object seen. Pope.

2. An eyeglass. [Obs.] Herbert.

Optic, Optical

Op"tic (?), Op"tic*al (?), a. [F. optique, Gr. oculus eye. See Ocular, Eye, and cf. Canopy, Ophthalmia.]

1. Of or pertaining to vision or sight.

The moon, whose orb Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views. Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; as, the optic nerves (the first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed to the retina. See Illust. of Brain, and Eye.

3. Relating to the science of optics; as, optical works. Optic angle (Opt.), the angle included between the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the same point; -- sometimes called binocular parallax. -- Optic axis. (Opt.) (a) A line drawn through the center of the eye perpendicular to its anterior and posterior surfaces. In a normal eye it is in the direction of the optic axis that objects are most distinctly seen. (b) The line in a doubly refracting crystal, in the direction of which no double refraction occurs. A uniaxial crystal has one such line, a biaxial crystal has two. -- Optical circle (Opt.), a graduated circle used for the measurement of angles in optical experiments. -- Optical square, a surveyor's instrument with reflectors for laying off right angles.

Optically

Op"tic*al*ly, adv. By optics or sight; with reference to optics. <-- def. of Optically active needs rewriting --> Optically active, Optically inactive (Chem. Physics), terms used of certain metameric substances which, while identical with each other in other respects, differ in this, viz., that they do or do not produce right-handed or left-handed circular polarization of light. -- Optically positive, Optically negative. See under Refraction.

Optician

Op*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. opticien. See Optic, a.]

1. One skilled in optics. [R.] A. Smith.

2. One who deals in optical glasses and instruments.

Optics

Op"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. optique, L. optice, Gr. Optic.] That branch of physical science which treats of the nature and properties of light, the laws of its modification by opaque and transparent bodies, and the phenomena of vision.

Optigraph

Op"ti*graph (?), n. [Optic + -graph: cf. F. opticographe. See Optic, a. ] A telescope with a diagonal eyepiece, suspended vertically in gimbals by the object end beneath a fixed diagonal plane mirror. It is used for delineating landscapes, by means of a pencil at the eye end which leaves the delineation on paper.

Optimacy

Op"ti*ma*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. optimatie. See Optimate.]

1. Government by the nobility. [R.] Howell.

2. Collectively, the nobility. [R.]

Optimate

Op"ti*mate (?), a. [L. optimas, -atis, adj., optimates, n. pl., the adherents of the best men, the aristocrats, fr. optimus the best.] Of or pertaining to the nobility or aristocracy. [R.] -- n. A nobleman or aristocrat; a chief man in a state or city. [R.] Chapman.

Optimates

Op`ti*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [L. See Optimate.] The nobility or aristocracy of ancient Rome, as opposed to the populares.

Optime

Op"ti*me (?), n. [L., adv. fr. optimus the best.] One of those who stand in the second rank of honors, immediately after the wranglers, in the University of Cambridge, England. They are divided into senior and junior optimes.

Optimism

Op"ti*mism (?), n. [L. optimus the best; akin to optio choice: cf. F. optimisme. See Option.]

1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature, being the work of God, is ordered for the best, or that the ordering of things in the universe is such as to produce the highest good.

2. A disposition to take the most hopeful view; -- opposed to pessimism.

Optimist

Op"ti*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. optimiste.]

1. (Metaph.) One who holds the opinion that all events are ordered for the best.

2. One who looks on the bright side of things, or takes hopeful views; -- opposed to pessimist.

Optimisttic

Op`ti*mist"tic (?), a.

1. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to optimism; tending, or conforming, to the opinion that all events are ordered for the best.

2. Hopeful; sanguine; as, an optimistic view.

Optimity

Op*tim"i*ty (?), n. [L. optimitas, fr. optimus the best.] The state of being best. [R.] Bailey.

Option

Op"tion (?), n. [L. optio; akin to optare to choose, wish, optimus best, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. option.]

1. The power of choosing; the right of choice or election; an alternative.

There is an option left to the United States of America, whether they will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a nation. Washington.

2. The exercise of the power of choice; choice.

Transplantation must proceed from the option of the people, else it sounds like an exile. Bacon.

3. A wishing; a wish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. (Ch. of Eng.) A right formerly belonging to an archbishop to select any one dignity or benefice in the gift of a suffragan bishop consecrated or confirmed by him, for bestowal by himself when next vacant; -- annulled by Parliament in 1845.

5. (Stock Exchange) A stipulated privilege, given to a party in a time contract, of demanding its fulfillment on any day within a specified limit. Buyer's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to buy stocks at a certain future date and at a certain price, to demand the delivery of the stock (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. -- Seller's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to deliver stock art a certain price on a certain future date, to deliver it (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. Such options are privileges for which a consideration is paid. -- Local option. See under Local. Syn. -- Choice; preference; selection. -- Option, Choice. Choice is an act of choosing; option often means liberty to choose, and implies freedom from constraint in the act of choosing.

Optional

Op"tion*al (?), a. Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay. -- n. See Elective, n.
If to the former the movement was not optional, it was the same that the latter chose when it was optional. Palfrey.
Original writs are either optional or peremptory. Blackstone.

Optionally

Op"tion*al*ly, adv. In an optional manner.

Optoc\'d2le, Optoc\'d2lia

Op"to*c\'d2le (?), Op`to*c\'d2"li*a (?), n. [NL. optocoelia, fr. Gr. (Anat.) The cavity of one of the optic lobes of the brain in many animals. B. G. Wilder.

Optogram

Op"to*gram (?), n. [Optic + -gram: cf. F. optogramme.] (Physiol.) An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple. See Optography.

Optography

Op*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Optic + -graphy.] (Physiol.) The production of an optogram on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple; the fixation of an image in the eye. The object so photographed shows white on a purple or red background. See Visual purple, under Visual.

Optometer

Op*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Optic + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the distance of distinct vision, mainly for the selection of eveglasses.

Opulence

Op"u*lence (?), n. [L. opulentia: cf. F. opulence. See Opulent.] Wealth; riches; affluence. Swift

Opulency

Op"u*len*cy (?), n. See Opulence. Shak.

Opulent

Op"u*lent (?), a. [L. opulens, opulentus, fr. ops, opis, power, wealth, riches, perh. akin to E. apt: cf. F. opulent. Cf. Copious, Couple, Office.] Having a large estate or property; wealthy; rich; affluent; as, an opulent city; an opulent citizen. -- Op"u*lent*ly, adv.
I will piece Her opulent throne with kingdoms. Shak.

Opuntia

O*pun"ti*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants; the prickly pear, or Indian fig.

Opus

O"pus (?), n.; pl. Opera (#). [L. See Opera.] A work; specif. (Mus.), a musical composition. &hand; Each composition, or set of pieces, as the composer may choose, is called an opus, and they are numbered in the order of their issue. (Often abbrev. to op.)
Page 1008

Opus incertum. [L.] (Arch.) See under Incertum.

Opuscle, Opuscule

O*pus"cle (?), O*pus"cule (?), n. [L. opusculum, dim. of opus work: cf. F. opuscule.] A small or petty work.

Opusculum

O*pus"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Opuscula (#). [L.] An opuscule. Smart.

Opye

O"pye (?), n. Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oquassa

O*quas"sa (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, handsome trout (Salvelinus oquassa), found in some of the lakes in Maine; -- called also blueback trout.

-or

-or. [L. -or: cf. OF. -or, -ur, -our, F. -eur.]

1. A noun suffix denoting an act; a state or quality; as in error, fervor, pallor, candor, etc.

2. A noun suffix denoting an agent or doer; as in auditor, one who hears; donor, one who gives; obligor, elevator. It is correlative to -ee. In general -or is appended to words of Latin, and -er to those of English, origin. See -er.

Or

Or (?), conj. [OE. or, outher, other, auther, either, or, AS. \'bew, contr. from \'behw\'91; \'be aye + hw\'91 whether. See Aye, and Whether, and cf. Either.] A particle that marks an alternative; as, you may read or may write, -- that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to either. You may ride either to London or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either; as, he may study law, or medicine, or divinity, or he may enter into trade.
If man's convenience, health, Or safety interfere, his rights and claims Are paramount. Cowper.
&hand; Or may be used to join as alternatives terms expressing unlike things or ideas (as, is the orange sour or sweet?), or different terms expressing the same thing or idea; as, this is a sphere, or globe. &hand; Or sometimes begins a sentence. In this case it expresses an alternative or subjoins a clause differing from the foregoing. "Or what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone?" Matt. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ). Or for either is archaic or poetic.
Maugre thine heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or beg, or borrow thy dispence. Chaucer.

Or

Or, prep. & adv. [AS. ere, before. &root;204. See Ere, prep. & adv.] Ere; before; sooner than. [Obs.]
But natheless, while I have time and space, Or that I forther in this tale pace. Chaucer.
Or ever, Or ere. See under Ever, and Ere.

Or

Or, n. [F., fr. L. aurum gold. Cf. Aureate.] (Her.) Yellow or gold color, -- represented in drawing or engraving by small dots.

Ora

O"ra (?), n. [AS. See 2d Ore.] A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, valued, in the Domesday Book, at twenty pence sterling.

Orabassu

O`ra*bas"su (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American monkey of the genus Callithrix, esp. C. Moloch.

Orach, Orache

Or"ach, Or"ache (?), n. [F. arroche, corrupted fr. L. atriplex, Gr. Arrach.] (Bot.) A genus (Atriplex) of herbs or low shrubs of the Goosefoot family, most of them with a mealy surface. Garden orache, a plant (Atriplex hortensis), often used as a pot herb; -- also called mountain spinach.

Oracle

Or"a*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. oraculum, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray, fr. os, oris, mouth. See Oral.]

1. The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle.

Whatso'er she saith, for oracles must stand. Drayton.

2. Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the place where it was given.

The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving. Milton.

3. The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the plural.

The first principles of the oracles of God. Heb. v. 12.

4. (Jewish Antiq.) The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself. 1 Kings vi. 19.

Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God. Milton.

5. One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet.

God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final will. Milton.

6. Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle. "Oracles of mode." Tennyson.

The country rectors . . . thought him an oracle on points of learning. Macaulay.

7. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.

Oracle

Or"a*cle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oracled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oracling (?).] To utter oracles. [Obs.]

Oracular

O*rac"u*lar (?), a. [L. oracularius. See Oracle.]

1. Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the future; as, an oracular tongue.

2. Resembling an oracle in some way, as in solemnity, wisdom, authority, obscurity, ambiguity, dogmatism.

They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity and shortness in the expression. Pope.
-- O*rac"u*lar*ly, adv. -- O*rac"u*lar*ness, n.

Oraculous

O*rac"u*lous (?), a. Oracular; of the nature of an oracle. [R.] "Equivocations, or oraculous speeches." Bacon. "The oraculous seer." Pope. -- O*rac"u*lous*ly, adv. -- O*rac"u*lous*ness, n.

Oragious

O*ra"gious (?), a. [F. orageux.] Stormy. [R.]

Oraison

Or"ai*son (?), n. See Orison. [Obs.] Shak.

Oral

O"ral (?), a. [L. os, oris, the mouth, akin to Skr. \'bes. Cf. Adore, Orison, Usher.]

1. Uttered by the mouth, or in words; spoken, not written; verbal; as, oral traditions; oral testimony; oral law.

2. Of or pertaining to the mouth; surrounding or lining the mouth; as, oral cilia or cirri.

Orally

O"ral*ly, adv.

1. In an oral manner. Tillotson.

2. By, with, or in, the mouth; as, to receive the sacrament orally. [Obs.] Usher.

Orang

O*rang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Orang-outang.

Orange

Or"ange (?), n. [F.; cf. It. arancia, arancio, LL. arangia, Sp. naranjia, Pg. laranja; all fr. Ar. n\'beranj, Per. n\'beranj, n\'berang; cf. Skr. n\'beranga orange tree. The o- in F. orange is due to confusion with or gold, L. aurum, because the orange resembles gold in color.]

1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (C. Aurantium). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow when ripe. &hand; There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the bitter orange, which is supposed to be the original stock; the navel orange, which has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned orange, in which the carpels are partly separated.

2. (Bot.) The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree.

3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow. Mandarin orange. See Mandarin. -- Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms. -- Native orange, ∨ Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow berries. -- Orange bird (Zo\'94l.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena); -- so called from its bright orange breast. -- Orange cowry (Zo\'94l.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypr\'91a aurantia), highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity. -- Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant (Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow flowers. -- Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the flowers. -- Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea. -- Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor. -- Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito. -- Orange scale (Zo\'94l.) any species of scale insects which infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale (Mytilaspis citricola), the long scale (M. Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii).

Orange

Or"ange, a. Of or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon.

Orangeade

Or`ange*ade" (?), n. [F., fr. orange.] A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to lemonade; orange sherbet.

Orangeat

Or`an*geat" (?), n. [F., fr. orange.] Candied orange peel; also, orangeade.

Orangeism

Or"ange*ism (?), n. Attachment to the principles of the society of Orangemen; the tenets or practices of the Orangemen.

Orangeman

Or"ange*man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One of a secret society, organized in the north of Ireland in 1795, the professed objects of which are the defense of the regning sovereign of Great Britain, the support of the Protestant religion, the maintenance of the laws of the kingdom, etc.; -- so called in honor of William, Prince of Orange, who became William III. of England.

Orangeroot

Or"ange*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American ranunculaceous plant (Hidrastis Canadensis), having a yellow tuberous root; -- also called yellowroot, golden seal, etc.

Orangery

Or"an*ger*y (?), n. [F. orangerie, fr. orange. See Orange.] A place for raising oranges; a plantation of orange trees.

Orangetawny

Or"ange*taw`ny (?), a. & n. Deep orange-yellow; dark yellow. Shak.

Orangite

Or"an*gite (?), (Min.) An orange-yellow variety of the mineral thorite, found in Norway.

Orang-outang

O*rang"-ou*tang` (?), n. [Malayan , i. e., man of the woods; man + a forest, wood, wild, savage.] (Zo\'94l.) An arboreal anthropoid ape (Simia satyrus), which inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. Often called simply orang. [Written also orang-outan, orang-utan, ourang-utang, and oran-utan.] &hand; It is over four feet high, when full grown, and has very long arms, which reach nearly or quite to the ground when the body is erect. Its color is reddish brown. In structure, it closely resembles man in many respects.

Orarian

O*ra"ri*an (?), a. [L. orarius, fr. ora coast.] Of or pertaining to a coast.

Oration

O*ra"tion (?), n.[L. oratio, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray. See Oral, Orison.] An elaborate discourse, delivered in public, treating an important subject in a formal and dignified manner; especially, a discourse having reference to some special occasion, as a funeral, an anniversary, a celebration, or the like; -- distinguished from an argument in court, a popular harangue, a sermon, a lecture, etc.; as, Webster's oration at Bunker Hill.
The lord archbishop . . . made a long oration. Bacon.
Syn. -- Address; speech. See Harangue.

Oration

O*ra"tion, v. i. To deliver an oration. Donne.

Orator

Or"a*tor (?), n. [L., fr. orare to speak, utter. See Oration.]

1. A public speaker; one who delivers an oration; especially, one distinguished for his skill and power as a public speaker; one who is eloquent.

I am no orator, as Brutus is. Shak.
Some orator renowned In Athens or free Rome. Milton.

2. (Law) (a) In equity proceedings, one who prays for relief; a petitioner. (b) A plaintiff, or complainant, in a bill in chancery. Burrill.

3. (Eng. Universities) An officer who is the voice of the university upon all public occasions, who writes, reads, and records all letters of a public nature, presents, with an appropriate address, those persons on whom honorary degrees are to be conferred, and performs other like duties; -- called also public orator.

Oratorial

Or`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Oratorical. [R.] Swift. --Or`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Oratorian

Or`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Oratorical. [Obs.] R. North.

Oratorian

Or`a*to"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. oratorien.] (R. C. Ch.) See Fathers of the Oratory, under Oratory.

Oratorical

Or`a*tor"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orator or to oratory; characterized by oratory; rhetorical; becoming to an orator; as, an oratorical triumph; an oratorical essay. -- Or`a*tor"ic*al*ly, adv.

Oratorio

Or`a*to"ri*o (?), n. [It., fr. L. oratorius belonging to praying. See Orator, and cf. Oratory.]

1. (Mus.) A more or less dramatic text or poem, founded on some Scripture nerrative, or great divine event, elaborately set to music, in recitative, arias, grand choruses, etc., to be sung with an orchestral accompaniment, but without action, scenery, or costume, although the oratorio grew out of the Mysteries and the Miracle and Passion plays, which were acted. &hand; There are instances of secular and mythological subjects treated in the form of the oratorios, and called oratorios by their composers; as Haydn's "Seasons," Handel's "Semele," etc.

2. Performance or rendering of such a composition.

Oratorious

Or`a*to"ri*ous (?), a. [LL. oratorius.] Oratorical. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Or`a*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Oratorize

Or"a*tor*ize (?), v. i. To play the orator. [Jocose or derisive] Dickens.

Oratory

Or"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Oratories (#). [OE. oratorie, fr. L. oratorium, fr. oratorius of praying, of an orator: cf. F. oratoire. See Orator, Oral, and cf. Oratorio.] A place of orisons, or prayer; especially, a chapel or small room set apart for private devotions.
An oratory [temple] . . . in worship of Dian. Chaucer.
Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good oratory, or place to pray in. Jer. Taylor.
Fathers of the Oratory (R. C. Ch.), a society of priests founded by St. Philip Neri, living in community, and not bound by a special vow. The members are called also oratorians.

Oratory

Or"a*to*ry, n. [L. oratoria (sc. ars) the oratorical art.] The art of an orator; the art of public speaking in an eloquent or effective manner; the exercise of rhetorical skill in oral discourse; eloquence. "The oratory of Greece and Rome." Milton.
When a world of men Could not prevail with all their oratory. Shak.

Oratress

Or"a*tress (?), n. A woman who makes public addresses. Warner.

Oratrix

Or"a*trix (?), n. [L.] A woman plaintiff, or complainant, in equity pleading. Burrill.

Orb

Orb (?), n. [OF. orb blind, fr. L. orbus destitute.] (Arch.) A blank window or panel. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

Orb

Orb, n. [F. orbe, fr. L. orbis circle, orb. Cf. Orbit.]

1. A spherical body; a globe; especially, one of the celestial spheres; a sun, planet, or star.

In the small orb of one particular tear. Shak.
Whether the prime orb, Incredible how swift, had thither rolled. Milton.

2. One of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be inclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions.

3. A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit.

The schoolmen were like astronomers, which did feign eccentrics, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon.
You seem to me as Dian in her orb. Shak.
In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood, Orb within orb. Milton.

4. A period of time marked off by the revolution of a heavenly body. [R.] Milton.

5. The eye, as luminous and spherical. [Poetic]

A drop serene hath quenched their orbs. Milton.

6. A revolving circular body; a wheel. [Poetic]

The orbs Of his fierce chariot rolled. Milton.

7. A sphere of action. [R.] Wordsworth.

But in our orbs we'll live so round and safe. Shak

8. Same as Mound, a ball or globe. See lst Mound.

Page 1009

9. (Mil.) A body of soldiers drawn up in a circle, as for defense, esp. infantry to repel cavalry. Syn. -- Globe; ball; sphere. See Globe.

Orb

Orb (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orbing.]

1. To form into an orb or circle. [Poetic] Milton. Lowell.

2. To encircle; to surround; to inclose. [Poetic]

The wheels were orbed with gold. Addison.

Orb

Orb, v. i. To become round like an orb. [Poetic]
And orb into the perfect star. Tennyson.

Orbate

Or"bate (?), a. [L. orbatus, p. p. of orbare to bereave, fr. orbus bereaved of parents or children. See Orphan.] Bereaved; fatherless; childless. [Obs.]

Orbation

Or*ba"tion (?), n. [L. orbatio.] The state of being orbate, or deprived of parents or children; privation, in general; bereavement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Orbed

Orbed (?), a. Having the form of an orb; round.
The orb\'8ad eyelids are let down. Trench.

Orbic, Orbical

Or"bic (?), Or"bic*al (?), a. [L. orbicus, or orbitus, fr. orbis orb.] Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular. [R.] Bacon.

Orbicle

Or"bi*cle (?), n. [L. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb.] A small orb, or sphere. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

Orbicula

Or*bic"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Orbicle.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Discina.

Orbicular

Or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [L. orbicularis, fr. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb: cf. F. orbiculaire.] Resembling or having the form of an orb; spherical; circular; orbiculate. -- Or*bic"u*lar*ly, adv. -- Or*bic"u*lar*ness, n.
Orbicular as the disk of a planet. De Quincey.

Orbiculate

Or*bic"u*late (?), n. That which is orbiculate; especially, a solid the vertical section of which is oval, and the horizontal section circular.

Orbiculate, Orbiculated

Or*bic"u*late (?), Or*bic"u*la`ted (?), a. [L. orbiculatus. See Orbicular.] Made, or being, in the form of an orb; having a circular, or nearly circular, or a spheroidal, outline. Orbiculate leaf (Bot.), a leaf whose outline is nearly circular.

Orbiculation

Or*bic`u*la"tion (?), n. The state or quality of being orbiculate; orbicularness. Dr. H. More.

Orbit

Or"bit (?), n. [L. orbita a track or rut made by a wheel, course, circuit, fr. orbis a circle: cf. F. orbite. See 2d Orb.]

1. (Astron.) The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon.

2. An orb or ball. [Rare & Improper]

Roll the lucid orbit of an eye. Young.

3. (Anat.) The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.

Orbital

Or"bit*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orbit. "Orbital revolution." J. D. Forbes. Orbital index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100.

Orbitar

Or"bit*ar (?), a. [Cf. F. orbitaire.] Orbital. [R.] Dunglison.

Orbitary

Or"bit*a*ry (?), a. Situated around the orbit; as, the orbitary feathers of a bird.

Orbitel\'91

Or`bi*te"l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. orbis an orb + tela a web.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of spiders, including those that make geometrical webs, as the garden spider, or Epeira.

Orbitolites

Or`bi*to*li"tes (?), n. [NL. See Orbit, and -lite.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of living Foraminifera, forming broad, thin, circular disks, containing numerous small chambers.

Orbitonasal

Or`bi*to*na"sal (?), a. [Orbit + nasal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the orbit and the nose; as, the orbitonasal, or ophthalmic, nerve.

Orbitosphenoid

Or`bi*to*sphe"noid (?), a. [Orbit + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit, or to the orbitosphenoid bone. -- n. The orbitosphenoid bone, which is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid. It generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult.

Orbitosphenoidal

Or`bi*to*sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the orbitosphenoid bone; orbitosphenoid.

Orbituary

Or*bit"u*a*ry (?), a. Orbital. [R.]

Orbitude, Orbity

Or"bi*tude (?), Or"bi*ty (?), n. [L. orbitudo, orbitas, fr. orbus: cf. F. orbit\'82. See Orbate.] Orbation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Orbulina

Or`bu*li"na (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. orbis orb.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of minute living Foraminifera having a globular shell.

Orby

Orb"y (?), a. [From 2d Orb.] Orblike; having the course of an orb; revolving. [Obs.] "Orby hours." Chapman.

Orc

Orc (?), n. [L. orca: cf. F. orque.] (Zo\'94l.) The grampus. [Written also ork and orch.] Milton.

Orcadian

Or*ca"di*an (?), a. [L. Orcades the Orkney Islands.] Of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands.

Orcein

Or"ce*in (?), n. (Chem.) A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff,

Orchal

Or"chal (?), n. See Archil.

Orchanet

Or"cha*net (?), n. [F. orcan\'8ate.] (Bot.) Same as Alkanet, 2. Ainsworth.

Orchard

Or"chard (?), n. [AS. ortgeard, wyrtgeard, lit., wortyard, i. e., a yard for herbs; wyrt herb + geard yard. See Wort, Yard inclosure.]

1. A garden. [Obs.]

2. An inclosure containing fruit trees; also, the fruit trees, collectively; -- used especially of apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, or the like, less frequently of nutbearing trees and of sugar maple trees. Orchard grass (Bot.), a tall coarse grass (Dactylis glomerata), introduced into the United States from Europe. It grows usually in shady places, and is of value for forage and hay. -- Orchard house (Hort.), a glazed structure in which fruit trees are reared in pots. -- Orchard oriole (Zool.), a bright-colored American oriole (Icterus spurius), which frequents orchards. It is smaller and darker thah the Baltimore oriole.

Orcharding

Or"chard*ing (?), n.

1. The cultivation of orchards.

2. Orchards, in general.

Orchardist

Or"chard*ist, n. One who cultivates an orchard.

Orchel

Or"chel (?), n. Archil.

Orchesography

Or`che*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A treatise upon dancing. [R.]

Orchester

Or"ches*ter (?), n. See Orchestra.

Orchestian

Or*ches"tian (?), n. [From Gr. Orchestra.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of amphipod crustacean of the genus Orchestia, or family Orchestid\'91. See Beach flea, under Beach.

Orchestra

Or"ches*tra (?), n. [L. orchestra, Gr. orchestre.]

1. The space in a theater between the stage and the audience; -- originally appropriated by the Greeks to the chorus and its evolutions, afterward by the Romans to persons of distinction, and by the moderns to a band of instrumental musicians.

2. The place in any public hall appropriated to a band of instrumental musicians.

3. (Mus.) (a) Loosely: A band of instrumental musicians performing in a theater, concert hall, or other place of public amusement. (b) Strictly: A band suitable for the performance of symphonies, overtures, etc., as well as for the accompaniment of operas, oratorios, cantatas, masses, and the like, or of vocal and instrumental solos. (c) A band composed, for the largest part, of players of the various viol instruments, many of each kind, together with a proper complement of wind instruments of wood and brass; -- as distinguished from a military or street band of players on wind instruments, and from an assemblage of solo players for the rendering of concerted pieces, such as septets, octets, and the like.

4. (Mus.) The instruments employed by a full band, collectively; as, an orchestra of forty stringed instruments, with proper complement of wind instruments.

Orchestral

Or"ches*tral (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orchestra; suitable for, or performed in or by, an orchestra.

Orchestration

Or`ches*tra"tion (?), n. (Mus.) The arrangement of music for an orchestra; orchestral treatment of a composition; -- called also instrumentation.

Orchestre

Or"ches*tre (?), n. [F.] See Orchestra.

Orchestric

Or*ches"tric (?), a. Orchestral.

Orchestrion

Or*ches"tri*on (?), n. A large music box imitating a variety of orchestral instruments.

Orchid

Or"chid (?), n. [See Orchis.] (Bot.) Any plant of the order Orchidace\'91. See Orchidaceous.

Orchidaceous

Or`chi*da"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order (Orchidace\'91) of endogenous plants of which the genus Orchis is the type. They are mostly perennial herbs having the stamens and pistils united in a single column, and normally three petals and three sepals, all adherent to the ovary. The flowers are curiously shaped, often resembling insects, the odd or lower petal (called the lip) being unlike the others, and sometimes of a strange and unexpected appearance. About one hundred species occur in the United States, but several thousand in the tropics. &hand; Over three hundred genera are recognized.

Orchidean

Or*chid"e*an (?), a. (Bot.) Orchidaceous.

Orchideous

Or*chid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Orchidaceous.

Orchidologist

Or`chid*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in orchidology.

Orchidology

Or`chid*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of orchids.

Orchil

Or"chil (?), n. See Archil.

Orchilla weed

Or*chil"la weed` (?). (Bot.) The lichen from which archil is obtained. See Archil.

Orchis

Or"chis (?), n.; pl. Orchises (#). [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants growing in the North Temperate zone, and consisting of about eighty species. They are perennial herbs growing from a tuber (beside which is usually found the last year's tuber also), and are valued for their showy flowers. See Orchidaceous.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of the same family with the orchis; an orchid. &hand; The common names, such as bee orchis, fly orchis, butterfly orchis, etc., allude to the peculiar form of the flower.

Orchitis

Or*chi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the testicles.

Orchotomy

Or*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of cutting out or removing a testicle by the knife; castration.

Orcin

Or"cin (?), n. [Etymology uncertain: cf. F. orcine.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C6H3.CH3.(OH)2, which is obtained from certain lichens (Roccella, Lecanora, etc.), also from extract of aloes, and artificially from certain derivatives of toluene. It changes readily into orcein.

Ord

Ord (?), n. [AS. ord point.] An edge or point; also, a beginning. [ Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Ord and end, the beginning and end. Cf. Odds and ends, under Odds. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Halliwell.

Ordain

Or*dain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ordaining.] [OE. ordeinen, OF. ordener, F. ordonner, fr. L. ordinare, from ordo, ordinis, order. See Order, and cf. Ordinance.]

1. To set in order; to arrange according to rule; to regulate; to set; to establish. "Battle well ordained." Spenser.

The stake that shall be ordained on either side. Chaucer.

2. To regulate, or establish, by appointment, decree, or law; to constitute; to decree; to appoint; to institute.

Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. 1 Kings xii. 32.
And doth the power that man adores ordain Their doom ? Byron.

3. To set apart for an office; to appoint.

Being ordained his special governor. Shak.

4. (Eccl.) To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions; to introduce into the office of the Christian ministry, by the laying on of hands, or other forms; to set apart by the ceremony of ordination.

Meletius was ordained by Arian bishops. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Ordainable

Or*dain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ordained; worthy to be ordained or appointed. Bp. Hall.

Ordainer

Or*dain"er (?), n. One who ordains.

Ordainment

Or*dain"ment (?), n. Ordination. [R.] Burke.

Ordal

Or"dal (?), n. Ordeal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ordalian

Or*da"li*an (?), a. [LL. orda.] Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ordeal

Or"de*al (?), n. [AS. ord\'bel, ord, a judgment; akin to D. oordeel, G. urteil, urtheil; orig., what is dealt out, the prefix or- being akin to \'be- compounded with verbs, G. er-, ur-, Goth. us-, orig. meaning, out. See Deal, v. & n., and cf. Arise, Ort.]

1. An ancient form of test to determine guilt or innocence, by appealing to a supernatural decision, -- once common in Europe, and still practiced in the East and by savage tribes. &hand; In England ordeal by fire and ordeal by water were used, the former confined to persons of rank, the latter to the common people. The ordeal by fire was performed, either by handling red-hot iron, or by walking barefoot and blindfold over red-hot plowshares, laid at unequal distances. If the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent; otherwise he was condemned as guilty. The ordeal by water was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, an escape from injury being taken as proof of innocence, or by casting the accused person, bound hand and foot, into a river or pond, when if he floated it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk he was acquitted. It is probable that the proverbial phrase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal. See Wager of battle, under Wager.

2. Any severe trial, or test; a painful experience. Ordeal bean. (Bot.) See Calabar bean, under Calabar. -- Ordeal root (Bot.) the root of a species of Strychnos growing in West Africa, used, like the ordeal bean, in trials for witchcraft. -- Ordeal tree (Bot.), a poisonous tree of Madagascar (Tanghinia, ∨ Cerbera, venenata). Persons suspected of crime are forced to eat the seeds of the plumlike fruit, and criminals are put to death by being pricked with a lance dipped in the juice of the seeds.

Ordeal

Or"de*al, a. Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal.

Order

Or"der (?), n. [OE. ordre, F. ordre, fr. L. ordo, ordinis. Cf. Ordain, Ordinal.]

1. Regular arrangement; any methodical or established succession or harmonious relation; method; system; as: (a) Of material things, like the books in a library. (b) Of intellectual notions or ideas, like the topics of a discource. (c) Of periods of time or occurrences, and the like.

The side chambers were . . . thirty in order. Ezek. xli. 6.
Bright-harnessed angels sit in order serviceable. Milton.
Good order is the foundation of all good things. Burke.

2. Right arrangement; a normal, correct, or fit condition; as, the house is in order; the machinery is out of order. Locke.

3. The customary mode of procedure; established system, as in the conduct of debates or the transaction of business; usage; custom; fashion. Dantiel.

And, pregnant with his grander thought, Brought the old order into doubt. Emerson.

4. Conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet; as, to preserve order in a community or an assembly.

5. That which prescribes a method of procedure; a rule or regulation made by competent authority; as, the rules and orders of the senate.

The church hath authority to establish that for an order at one time which at another time it may abolish. Hooker.

6. A command; a mandate; a precept; a direction.

Upon this new fright, an order was made by both houses for disarming all the papists in England. Clarendon.

7. Hence: A commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods; a direction, in writing, to pay money, to furnish supplies, to admit to a building, a place of entertainment, or the like; as, orders for blankets are large.

In those days were pit orders -- beshrew the uncomfortable manager who abolished them. Lamb.

8. A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a group or division of men in the same social or other position; also, a distinct character, kind, or sort; as, the higher or lower orders of society; talent of a high order.

They are in equal order to their several ends. Jer. Taylor.
Various orders various ensigns bear. Granville.
Which, to his order of mind, must have seemed little short of crime. Hawthorne.
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9. A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of convents living under a common rule; as, the Order of the Bath; the Franciscan order.

Find a barefoot brother out, One of our order, to associate me. Shak.
The venerable order of the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.

10. An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop; the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural; as, to take orders, or to take holy orders, that is, to enter some grade of the ministry.

11. (Arch.) The disposition of a column and its component parts, and of the entablature resting upon it, in classical architecture; hence (as the column and entablature are the characteristic features of classical architecture) a style or manner of architectural designing. &hand; The Greeks used three different orders, easy to distinguish, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Romans added the Tuscan, and changed the Doric so that it is hardly recognizable, and also used a modified Corinthian called Composite. The Renaissance writers on architecture recognized five orders as orthodox or classical, -- Doric (the Roman sort), Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian, and Composite. See Illust. of Capital.

12. (Nat. Hist.) An assemblage of genera having certain important characters in common; as, the Carnivora and Insectivora are orders of Mammalia. &hand; The Linn\'91an artificial orders of plants rested mainly on identity in the numer of pistils, or agreement in some one character. Natural orders are groups of genera agreeing in the fundamental plan of their flowers and fruit. A natural order is usually (in botany) equivalent to a family, and may include several tribes.

13. (Rhet.) The placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty or clearness of expression.

14. (Math.) Rank; degree; thus, the order of a curve or surface is the same as the degree of its equation. Artificial order ∨ system. See Artificial classification, under Artificial, and Note to def. 12 above. -- Close order (Mil.), the arrangement of the ranks with a distance of about half a pace between them; with a distance of about three yards the ranks are in open order. -- The four Orders, The Orders four, the four orders of mendicant friars. See Friar. Chaucer. -- General orders (Mil.), orders issued which concern the whole command, or the troops generally, in distinction from special orders. -- Holy orders. (a) (Eccl.) The different grades of the Christian ministry; ordination to the ministry. See def. 10 above. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A sacrament for the purpose of conferring a special grace on those ordained. -- In order to, for the purpose of; to the end; as means to.

The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use in order to our eternal happiness. Tillotson.
-- Minor orders (R. C. Ch.), orders beneath the diaconate in sacramental dignity, as acolyte, exorcist, reader, doorkeeper. -- Money order. See under Money. -- Natural order. (Bot.) See def. 12, Note. -- Order book. (a) A merchant's book in which orders are entered. (b) (Mil.) A book kept at headquarters, in which all orders are recorded for the information of officers and men. (c) A book in the House of Commons in which proposed orders must be entered. [Eng.] -- Order in Council, a royal order issed with and by the advice of the Privy Council. [Great Britain] -- Order of battle (Mil.), the particular disposition given to the troops of an army on the field of battle. -- Order of the day, in legislative bodies, the special business appointed for a specified day. -- Order of a differential equation (Math.), the greatest index of differentiation in the equation. -- Sailing orders (Naut.), the final instructions given to the commander of a ship of war before a cruise. -- Sealed orders, orders sealed, and not to be opended until a certain time, or arrival at a certain place, as after a ship is at sea. -- Standing order. (a) A continuing regulation for the conduct of parliamentary business. (b) (Mil.) An order not subject to change by an officer temporarily in command. -- To give order, to give command or directions. Shak. -- To take order for, to take charge of; to make arrangements concerning.
Whiles I take order for mine own affairs. Shak.
Syn. -- Arrangement; management. See Direction.

Order

Or"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordered (?); p pr. & vb. n. Ordering.] [From Order, n.]

1. To put in order; to reduce to a methodical arrangement; to arrange in a series, or with reference to an end. Hence, to regulate; to dispose; to direct; to rule.

To him that ordereth his conversation aright. Ps. 1. 23.
Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton.

2. To give an order to; to command; as, to order troops to advance.

3. To give an order for; to secure by an order; as, to order a carriage; to order groceries.

4. (Eccl.) To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry.

These ordered folk be especially titled to God. Chaucer.
Persons presented to be ordered deacons. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Order arms (Mil.), the command at which a rifle is brought to a position with its but resting on the ground; also, the position taken at such a command.

Order

Or"der, v. i. To give orders; to issue commands.

Orderable

Or"der*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ordered; tractable. [R.]
Being very orderable in all his sickness. Fuller.

Orderer

Or"der*er (?), n.

1. One who puts in order, arranges, methodizes, or regulates.

2. One who gives orders.

Ordering

Or"der*ing, n. Disposition; distribution; management. South.

Orderless

Or"der*less, a. Being without order or regularity; disorderly; out of rule.

Orderliness

Or"der*li*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being orderly.

Orderly

Or"der*ly, a.

1. Conformed to order; in order; regular; as, an orderly course or plan. Milton.

2. Observant of order, authority, or rule; hence, obedient; quiet; peaceable; not unruly; as, orderly children; an orderly community.

3. Performed in good or established order; well-regulated. "An orderly . . . march." Clarendon.

4. Being on duty; keeping order; conveying orders. "Aids-de-camp and orderly men." Sir W. Scott. Orderly book (Mil.), a book for every company, in which the general and regimental orders are recorded. -- Orderly officer, the officer of the day, or that officer of a corps or regiment whose turn it is to supervise for the day the arrangements for food, cleanliness, etc. Farrow. -- Orderly room. (a) The court of the commanding officer, where charges against the men of the regiment are tried. (b) The office of the commanding officer, usually in the barracks, whence orders emanate. Farrow. -- Orderly sergeant, the first sergeant of a company.

Orderly

Or"der*ly (?), adv. According to due order; regularly; methodically; duly.
You are blunt; go to it orderly. Shak.

Orderly

Or"der*ly, n.; pl. Orderlies (.

1. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier who attends a superior officer to carry his orders, or to render other service.

Orderlies were appointed to watch the palace. Macaulay.

2. A street sweeper. [Eng.] Mayhew.

Ordinability

Or`di*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.] Bp. Bull.

Ordinable

Or"di*na*ble (?), a. [See Ordinate, Ordain.] Capable of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.]

Ordinal

Or"di*nal (?), a. [L. ordinalis, fr. ordo, ordinis, order. See Order.]

1. Indicating order or succession; as, the ordinal numbers, first, second, third, etc.

2. Of or pertaining to an order.

Ordinal

Or"di*nal, n.

1. A word or number denoting order or succession.

2. (Ch. of Eng.) The book of forms for making, ordaining, and consecrating bishops, priests, and deacons.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A book containing the rubrics of the Mass. [Written also ordinale.]

Ordinalism

Or"di*nal*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being ordinal. [R.] Latham.

Ordinance

Or"di*nance (?), n. [OE. ordenance, OF. ordenance, F. ordonnance. See Ordain, and cf. Ordnance, Ordonnance.]

1. Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision. [Obs.] Spenser.

They had made their ordinance Of victual, and of other purveyance. Chaucer.

2. A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a statute, law, regulation, rescript, or accepted usage; an edict or decree; esp., a local law enacted by a municipal government; as, a municipal ordinance.

Thou wilt die by God's just ordinance. Shak.
By custom and the ordinance of times. Shak.
Walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless. Luke i. 6.
&hand; Acts of Parliament are sometimes called ordinances; also, certain colonial laws and certain acts of Congress under Confederation; as, the ordinance of 1787 for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River; the colonial ordinance of 1641, or 1647. This word is often used in Scripture in the sense of a law or statute of sovereign power. Ex. xv. 25. Num. x. 8. Ezra iii. 10. Its most frequent application now in the United States is to laws and regulations of municipal corporations. Wharton (Law Dict.).

3. (Eccl.) An established rite or ceremony.

4. Rank; order; station. [Obs.] Shak.

5. [See Ordnance.] Ordnance; cannon. [Obs.] Shak.

Ordinand

Or"di*nand` (?), n. [L. ordinandus, gerundive of ordinare. See Ordain.] One about to be ordained.

Ordinant

Or"di*nant (?), a. [L. ordinans, p. pr. of ordinare. See Ordain.] Ordaining; decreeing. [Obs.] Shak.

Ordinant

Or"di*nant, n. One who ordains. F. G. Lee.

Ordinarily

Or"di*na*ri*ly (?), adv. According to established rules or settled method; as a rule; commonly; usually; in most cases; as, a winter more than ordinarily severe.
Those who ordinarily pride themselves not a little upon their penetration. I. Taylor.

Ordinary

Or"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. ordinarius, fr. ordo, ordinis, order: cf. F. ordinaire. See Order.]

1. According to established order; methodical; settled; regular. "The ordinary forms of law." Addison.

2. Common; customary; usual. Shak.

Method is not less reguisite in ordinary conversation that in writing. Addison.

3. Of common rank, quality, or ability; not distinguished by superior excellence or beauty; hence, not distinguished in any way; commonplace; inferior; of little merit; as, men of ordinary judgment; an ordinary book.

An ordinary lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in such a way. Macaulay.
Ordinary seaman (Naut.), one not expert or fully skilled, and hence ranking below an able seaman. Syn. -- Normal; common; usual; customary. See Normal. -- Ordinary, Common. A thing is common in which many persons share or partake; as, a common practice. A thing is ordinary when it is apt to come round in the regular common order or succession of events.

Ordinary

Or"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Ordinaries (.

1. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own right, and not by deputation. (b) (Eng. Law) One who has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge; also, a deputy of the bishop, or a clergyman appointed to perform divine service for condemned criminals and assist in preparing them for death. (c) (Am. Law) A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a judge of probate or a surrogate.

2. The mass; the common run. [Obs.]

I see no more in you than in the ordinary Of nature's salework. Shak.

3. That which is so common, or continued, as to be considered a settled establishment or institution. [R.]

Spain had no other wars save those which were grown into an ordinary. Bacon.

4. Anything which is in ordinary or common use.

Water buckets, wagons, cart wheels, plow socks, and other ordinaries. Sir W. Scott.

5. A dining room or eating house where a meal is prepared for all comers, at a fixed price for the meal, in distinction from one where each dish is separately charged; a table d'h\'93te; hence, also, the meal furnished at such a dining room. Shak.

All the odd words they have picked up in a coffeehouse, or a gaming ordinary, are produced as flowers of style. Swift.
He exacted a tribute for licenses to hawkers and peddlers and to ordinaries. Bancroft.

6. (Her.) A charge or bearing of simple form, one of nine or ten which are in constant use. The bend, chevron, chief, cross, fesse, pale, and saltire are uniformly admitted as ordinaries. Some authorities include bar, bend sinister, pile, and others. See Subordinary. In ordinary. (a) In actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; as, a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An ambassador in ordinary is one constantly resident at a foreign court. (b) (Naut.) Out of commission and laid up; -- said of a naval vessel. -- Ordinary of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), the part of the Mass which is the same every day; -- called also the canon of the Mass.

Ordinaryship

Or"di*na*ry*ship (?), n. The state of being an ordinary. [R.] Fuller.

Ordinate

Or"di*nate (?), a. [L. ordinatus, p. p. of ordinare. See Ordain.] Well-ordered; orderly; regular; methodical. "A life blissful and ordinate." Chaucer. Ordinate figure (Math.), a figure whose sides and angles are equal; a regular figure.

Ordinate

Or"di*nate, n. (Geom.) The distance of any point in a curve or a straight line, measured on a line called the axis of ordinates or on a line parallel to it, from another line called the axis of abscissas, on which the corresponding abscissa of the point is measured. &hand; The ordinate and abscissa, taken together, are called co\'94rdinates, and define the position of the point with reference to the two axes named, the intersection of which is called the origin of co\'94rdinates. See Coordinate.<-- in a typical two-dimensional plot, viewed on a plane graph in its normal orientation with perpendicular axes, the ordinate is the vertical axis; when the axes are labeled as x and y, it is the y-axis -->

Ordinate

Or"di*nate (?), v. t. To appoint, to regulate; to harmonize. Bp. Hall.

Ordinately

Or"di*nate*ly (?), adv. In an ordinate manner; orderly. Chaucer. Skelton.

Ordination

Or`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. ordinatio: cf. F. ordination.]

1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc.

The holy and wise ordination of God. Jer. Taylor.
Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris.

2. (Eccl.) The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders.

3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.] Angle of ordination (Geom.), the angle between the axes of co\'94rdinates.

Ordinative

Or"di*na*tive (?), a. [L. ordinativus.] Tending to ordain; directing; giving order. [R.] Gauden.

Ordinator

Or"di*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who ordains or establishes; a director. [R.] T. Adams.

Ordnance

Ord"nance (?), n. [From OE. ordenance, referring orig. to the bore or size of the cannon. See Ordinance.] Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and appliances used in war.
All the battlements their ordnance fire. Shak.
Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's] rifled ordnance. E. Ererett.
Ordnance survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, conducted by the ordnance department.

Ordonnance

Or"don*nance (?), n. [F. See Ordinance.] (Fine Arts) The disposition of the parts of any composition with regard to one another and the whole.
Their dramatic ordonnance of the parts. Coleridge.

Ordonnant

Or"don*nant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of ordonner. See Ordinant.] Of or pertaining to ordonnance. Dryden.

Ordovian

Or*do"vi*an (?), a. & n. (Geol.) Ordovician.

Ordovician

Or`do*vi"cian (?), a. [From L. Ordovices, a Celtic people in Wales.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation, corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors, exclusive of the Cambrian. -- n. The Ordovician formation.

Ordure

Or"dure (?), n. [F. ordure, OF. ord filthy, foul, fr. L. horridus horrid. See Horrid.]

1. Dung; excrement; f\'91ces. Shak.

2. Defect; imperfection; fault. [Obs.] Holland.

Ordurous

Or"dur*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to ordure; filthy. Drayton.

Ore

Ore (?), n. [AS. \'ber.] Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ore

Ore, n. [AS. ; cf. \'ber brass, bronze, akin to OHG. , G. ehern brazen, Icel. eir brass, Goth. ais, L. aes, Skr. ayas iron. Ora, Era.]

1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called mineralizers).

2. (Mining) A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless.

3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton. Ore hearth, a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth. Raymond.

Oread

O"re*ad (?), n. [L. Oreas, -adis, Gr. or\'82ade.] (Class. Myth.) One of the nymphs of mountains and grottoes.
Like a wood nymph light, Oread or Dryad. Milton.

Oreades

O*re"a*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of butterflies which includes the satyrs. See Satyr, 2.

Orectic

O*rec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Philos.) Of or pertaining to the desires; hence, impelling to gratification; appetitive.
Page 1011

Oregon grape

Or"e*gon grape` (?). (Bot.) An evergreen species of barberry (Berberis Aquifolium), of Oregon and California; also, its roundish, blue-black berries.

Oreide

O"re*ide (?), n. See Oroide.

Oreodon

O"re*o*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon) A genus of extinct herbivorous mammals, abundant in the Tertiary formation of the Rocky Mountains. It is more or less related to the camel, hog, and deer.

Oreodont

O"re*o*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Resembling, or allied to, the genus Oreodon.

Oreographic

O`re*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to oreography.

Oreography

O`re*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The science of mountains; orography.

Oreoselin

O`re*os"e*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance which is obtained indirectly from the root of an umbelliferous plant (Imperatoria Oreoselinum), and yields resorcin on decomposition.

Oreosoma

O`re*o*so"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small oceanic fishes, remarkable for the large conical tubercles which cover the under surface.

Oreweed

Ore"weed` (?), n. Same as Oarweed.

Orewood

Ore"wood` (?), n. Same as Oarweed.

Orf, Orfe

Orf (?), Or"fe (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored domesticated variety of the id. See Id.

Orfgild

Orf"gild` (?), n. [AS. orf, yrfe, cattle, property + gild, gield, money, fine.] (O. Eng. Law) Restitution for cattle; a penalty for taking away cattle. Cowell.

Orfray

Or"fray (?), n. [F. orfraie. Cf. Osprey, Ossifrage.] (Zo\'94l.) The osprey. [Obs.] Holland.

Orfrays

Or"frays (?), n. [OF. orfrais, F. orfroi; F. or gold + fraise, frise, fringe, ruff. See Fraise, and cf. Auriphrygiate.] See Orphrey. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Orgal

Or"gal (?), n. (Chem.) See Argol. [Obs.]

Organ

Or"gan (?), n. [L. organum, Gr. work: cf. F. organe. See Work, and cf. Orgue, Orgy.]

1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is performed, or an important end accomplished; as, legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are organs of government.

2. (Biol.) A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are organs of plants. &hand; In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a system. See System.

3. A component part performing an essential office in the working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine.

4. A medium of communication between one person or body and another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc.

5. [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.) A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ.

The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. Pope.
&hand; Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural.
The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon [go]. Barrel organ, Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under Barrel, Choir, etc. -- Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ. -- Organ bird (Zo\'94l.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out of tune. -- Organ fish (Zo\'94l.), the drumfish. -- Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue (b). -- Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and power. -- Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under Ear. -- Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1. -- Organ-pipe coral. (Zo\'94l.) See Tubipora. -- Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move.

Organ

Or"gan, v. t. To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize. [Obs.]
Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions. Bp. Mannyngham.

Organdie, Organdy

Or"gan*die, Or"gan*dy (?), n. [F. organdi.] A kind of transparent light muslin.

Organic

Or*gan"ic (?), a. [L. organicus, Gr. organique.]

1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic remains. Cf. Inorganic.

2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]

3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a certain destined function or end. [R.]

Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and write perspicuously. Milton.

4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but organic.

5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital processes, and include many substances of artificial production which may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with inorganic. &hand; The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are identical; but the enormous number and the completeness of related series of organic compounds, together with their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution, offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry. Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent, and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide; -- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from proximate analysis. -- Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under Carbon. -- Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of a curve on a plane by means of instruments. Brande & C. -- Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional disease. -- Organic electricity. See under Electricity. -- Organic law ∨ laws, a law or system of laws, or declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and organization of a political or other association; a constitution. -- Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the natural passages of the body produced by structural changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic stricture, which is due to muscular contraction.

Organical

Or*gan"ic*al (?), a. Organic.
The organical structure of human bodies, whereby they live and move. Bentley.

Organically

Or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. In an organic manner; by means of organs or with reference to organic functions; hence, fundamentally. Gladstone.

Organicalness

Or*gan"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being organic.

Organicism

Or*gan"i*cism (?), n. (Med.) The doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of an organ. Dunglison.

Organific

Or`gan*if"ic (?), a. [Organ + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See fy.] Making an organic or organized structure; producing an organism; acting through, or resulting from, organs. Prof. Park.

Organism

Or"gan*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. organisme.]

1. Organic structure; organization. "The advantageous organism of the eye." Grew.

2. (Biol.) An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal, compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the individual. &hand; Some of the lower forms of life are so simple in structure as to be without organs, but are still called organisms, since they have different parts analogous in functions to the organs of higher plants and animals.

Organist

Or"gan*ist, n. [Cf. F. organiste.]

1. (Mus.) One who plays on the organ.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One of the priests who organized or sung in parts. [Obs.]

Organista

Or`ga*nis"ta (?), n. [Sp., an organis.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several South American wrens, noted for the sweetness of their song.

Organity

Or*gan"i*ty (?), n. Organism. [R.]

Organizability

Or`gan*i`za*bil"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being organizable; capability of being organized.

Organizable

Or"gan*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being organized; esp. (Biol.), capable of being formed into living tissue; as, organizable matter.

Organization

Or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. organisation.]

1. The act of organizing; the act of arranging in a systematic way for use or action; as, the organization of an army, or of a deliberative body. "The first organization of the general government." Pickering.

2. The state of being organized; also, the relations included in such a state or condition.

What is organization but the connection of parts in and for a whole, so that each part is, at once, end and means? Coleridge.

3. That wich is organized; an organized existence; an organism; specif. (Biol.), an arrangement of parts for the performance of the functions necessary to life.

The cell may be regarded as the most simple, the most common, and the earliest form of organization. McKendrick.

Organize

Or"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Organized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Organizing (?).] [Cf. F. organiser, Gr. Organ.]

1. (Biol.) To furnish with organs; to give an organic structure to; to endow with capacity for the functions of life; as, an organized being; organized matter; -- in this sense used chiefly in the past participle.

These nobler faculties of the mind, matter organized could never produce. Ray.

2. To arrange or constitute in parts, each having a special function, act, office, or relation; to systematize; to get into working order; -- applied to products of the human intellect, or to human institutions and undertakings, as a science, a government, an army, a war, etc.

This original and supreme will organizes the government. Cranch.

3. (Mus.) To sing in parts; as, to organize an anthem. [R.] Busby.

Organizer

Or"gan*i`zer (?), n. One who organizes.

Organling

Or"gan*ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large kind of sea fish; the orgeis.

Organo-

Or"ga*no- (?). [See Organ.] A combining form denoting relation to, or connection with, an organ or organs.

Organogen

Or*gan"o*gen (?), n. [Organo- + -gen.] (Chem.) A name given to any one of the four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are especially characteristic ingredients of organic compounds; also, by extension, to other elements sometimes found in the same connection; as sulphur, phosphorus, etc.

Organogenesis

Or`ga*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Organo- + genesis.]

1. (Biol.) The origin and development of organs in animals and plants.

2. (Biol.) The germ history of the organs and systems of organs, -- a branch of morphogeny. Haeckel.

Organogenic

Or`ga*no*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organogenesis.

Organogeny

Or`ga*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Organogenesis.

Organographic, Organographical

Or`ga*no*graph"ic (?), Or`ga*no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. organographique.] Of or pertaining to organography.

Organographist

Or`ga*nog"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in organography.

Organography

Or`ga*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Organo- + -graphy: cf. F. organographie.] A description of the organs of animals or plants.

Organoleptic

Or`ga*no*lep"tic (?), a. [F. organoleptique, fr. Gr. (Physiol.) Making an impression upon an organ; plastic; -- said of the effect or impression produced by any substance on the organs of touch, taste, or smell, and also on the organism as a whole.

Organological

Or`ga*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to organology.

Organology

Or`ga*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Organ + -logy: cf. F. organologie.]

1. The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic structure.

The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to the ideas and feelings, might be called the organology of style. De Quincey.

2. That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See Morphology.

Organometallic

Or`ga*no*me*tal"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Metalorganic.

Organon, Organum

Or"ga*non (?), Or"ga*num (?), n. [NL. organon, L. organum. See Organ.] An organ or instrument; hence, a method by which philosophical or scientific investigation may be conducted; -- a term adopted from the Aristotelian writers by Lord Bacon, as the title ("Novum Organon") of part of his treatise on philosophical method. Sir. W. Hamilton.

Organonymy

Or`ga*non"y*my (?), n. [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.) The designation or nomenclature of organs. B. G. Wilder.

Organophyly

Or`ga*noph"y*ly (?), n. [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.) The tribal history of organs, -- a branch of morphophyly. Haeckel.

Organoplastic

Or`ga*no*plas"tic (?), a. [Organo- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Having the property of producing the tissues or organs of animals and plants; as, the organoplastic cells.

Organoscopy

Or`ga*nos"co*py (?), n. [Organo- + -scopy.] Phrenology. Fleming.

Organotrophic

Or`ga*no*troph"ic (?), a. [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.) Relating to the creation, organization, and nutrition of living organs or parts.

Organule

Or"gan*ule (?), n. [Dim. of organ.] (Anat.) One of the essential cells or elements of an organ. See Sense organule, under Sense. Huxley.

Organy

Or"ga*ny (?), n. [AS. Organe, from the Latin. See Origan.] (Bot.) See Origan.

Organzine

Or"gan*zine (?), n. [F. organsin; cf. Sp. organsino, It. organzino.] A kind of double thrown silk of very fine texture, that is, silk twisted like a rope with different strands, so as to increase its strength.

Orgasm

Or"gasm (?), n. [F. orgasme; cf. Gr. (Physiol.) Eager or immoderate excitement or action; the state of turgescence of any organ; erethism; esp., the height of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse.

Orgeat

Or"geat (?), n. [F., fr. orge barley, L. hordeum.] A sirup in which, formerly, a decoction of barley entered, but which is now prepared with an emulsion of almonds, -- used to flavor beverages or edibles.

Orgeis

Or"ge*is (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Organling.

Orgiastic

Or`gi*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. Orgy.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, orgies. Elton.

Orgies

Or"gies (?), n. pl.; sing. Orgy (. [The singular is rarely used.] [F. orgie, orgies, L. orgia, pl., Gr. Organ, and Work.]

1. A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were characterized by wild and dissolute revelry.

As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god, Those priests high orgies held. Drayton.

2. Drunken revelry; a carouse. B. Jonson. Tennyson.

Orgillous

Or"gil*lous (?), a. [OF. orguillous, F. orgueilleux, fr. OF. orgoil pride, F. orgueil.] Proud; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

Orgue

Orgue (?), n. [F., fr. L. organum organ, Gr. Organ.] (Mil.) (a) Any one of a number of long, thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron, and suspended, each by a separate rope, over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack. (b) A piece of ordnance, consisting of a number of musket barrels arranged so that a match or train may connect with all their touchholes, and a discharge be secured almost or quite simultaneously.

Orgulous

Or"gu*lous (?), a. See Orgillous. [Obs.]

Orgy

Or"gy (?), n.; pl. Orgies (. A frantic revel; drunken revelry. See Orgies

Orgyia

Or*gy"i*a (?, n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.). A genus of bombycid moths whose caterpillars (esp. those of Orgyia leucostigma) are often very injurious to fruit trees and shade trees. The female is wingless. Called also vaporer moth.
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Oricalche

Or"i*calche (?), n. [Obs.] See Orichalch.
Costly oricalche from strange Ph\'d2nice. Spenser.

Orichalceous

Or`i*chal"ce*ous (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, orichalch; having a color or luster like that of brass. Maunder.

Orichalch

Or"i*chalch (?), n. [L. orichalcum, Gr. orichalque.] A metallic substance, resembling gold in color, but inferior in value; a mixed metal of the ancients, resembling brass; -- called also aurichalcum, orichalcum, etc.

Oriel

O"ri*el (?), n. [OF. oriol gallery, corridor, LL. oriolum portico, hall, prob. fr. L. aureolus gilded, applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See Oriole.] [Formerly written also oriol, oryal, oryall.]

1. A gallery for minstrels. [Obs.] W. Hamper.

2. A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were accustomed to dine; a sort of recess. [Obs.] Cowell.

3. (Arch.) A bay window. See Bay window.

The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven glass. Tennyson.
&hand; There is no generally admitted difference between a bay window and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also, to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the ground.

Oriency

O"ri*en*cy (?), n. [See Orient.] Brightness or strength of color. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

Orient

O"ri*ent (?), a. [F., fr. L. oriens, -entis, p. pr. of oriri to rise. See Origin.]

1. Rising, as the sun.

Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun. Milton.

2. Eastern; oriental. "The orient part." Hakluyt.

3. Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found in the East. "Pearls round and orient." Jer. Taylor. "Orient gems." Wordsworth. "Orient liquor in a crystal glass." Milton.

Orient

O"ri*ent, n.

1. The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning; the east.

[Morn] came furrowing all the orient into gold. Tennyson.

2. The countries of Asia or the East. Chaucer.

Best built city throughout the Orient. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A pearl of great luster. [R.] Carlyle.

Orient

O"ri*ent (?), v. t. [F. orienter. Cf. Orientate.]

1. To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east; hence, to ascertain the bearings of.

2. Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to arrange in order; to orientate.

Oriental

O`ri*en"tal (?), a. [L. orientalis: cf. F. oriental.] Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries.
The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne.

Oriental

O`ri*en"tal, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic.

2. pl. (Eccl.) Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.

Orientalism

O`ri*en"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. orientalisme.]

1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to Oriental people.

2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc. London Quart. Rev.

Orientalist

O`ri*en"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. orientaliste.]

1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental.

2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore.

Orientality

O`ri*en*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being oriental or eastern. Sir T. Browne.

Orientalize

O`ri*en"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orientalizing (?).] to render Oriental; to cause to conform to Oriental manners or conditions.

Orientate

O"ri*en*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orientating.] [From Orient.]

1. To place or turn toward the east; to cause to assume an easterly direction, or to veer eastward.

2. To arrange in order; to dispose or place (a body) so as to show its relation to other bodies, or the relation of its parts among themselves.

A crystal is orientated when placed in its proper position so as to exhibit its symmetry. E. S. Dana.

Orientate

O"ri*en*tate, v. i. To move or turn toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east.

Orientation

O`ri*en*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. orientation.]

1. The act or process of orientating; determination of the points of the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings.

2. The tendency of a revolving body, when suspended in a certain way, to bring the axis of rotation into parallelism with the earth's axis.

3. An aspect or fronting to the east; especially (Arch.), the placing of a church so that the chancel, containing the altar toward which the congregation fronts in worship, will be on the east end.

4. Fig.: A return to first principles; an orderly arrangement.

The task of orientation undertaken in this chapter. L. F. Ward.

Orientness

O"ri*ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being orient or bright; splendor. [Obs.] Fuller.

Orifice

Or"i*fice (?), n. [F., from L. orificium; os, oris, a mouth + facere to make. See Oral, and Fact.] A mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening; as, the orifice of an artery or vein; the orifice of a wound. Shak.
Etna was bored through the top with a monstrous orifice. Addison.

Oriflamb, Oriflamme

Or"i*flamb, Or"i*flamme (?), n. [F. oriflamme, OF. oriflambe, LL. auriflamma; L. aurum gold + flamma flame; cf. L. flammula a little banner. So called because it was a flag of red silk, split into many points, and borne on a gilded lance.]

1. The ancient royal standard of France.

2. A standard or ensign, in battle. "A handkerchief like an oriflamb." Longfellow.

And be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre. Macaulay.

Origan, Origanum

Or"i*gan (?), O*rig"a*num (?), n. [L. origanum, Gr. Organy.] (Bot.) A genus of aromatic labiate plants, including the sweet marjoram (O. Marjorana) and the wild marjoram (O. vulgare). Spenser.

Origenism

Or"i*gen*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, who lived in the 3d century, one of the most learned of the Greek Fathers. Prominent in his teaching was the doctrine that all created beings, including Satan, will ultimately be saved.

Origenist

Or"i*gen*ist, n. A follower of Origen of Alexandria.

Origin

Or"i*gin (?), n. [F. origine, L. origo, -iginis, fr. oriri to rise, become visible; akin to Gr. r, and perh. to E. run.]

1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth.

This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry. Burke.

2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion.

3. (Anat.) The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion. Origin of co\'94rdinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note under Ordinate. Syn. -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation. -- Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of most of the calamities of our race.

I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs. Tooke.
Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought. Waller.

Originable

O*rig"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being originated.

Original

O*rig"i*nal (?), a. [F. original, L. originalis.]

1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a process.

His form had yet not lost All her original brightness. Milton.
<-- #sic. "her" refers to form, apparently considered feminine in gender. -->

2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an original thought; an original process; the original text of Scripture.

3. Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of thought; inventive; as, an original genius.

4. Before unused or unknown; new; as, a book full of original matter. Original sin (Theol.), the first sin of Adam, as related to its consequences to his descendants of the human race; -- called also total depravity. See Calvinism.

Original

O*rig"i*nal, n. [Cf. F. original.]

1. Origin; commencement; source.

It hath it original from much grief. Shak.
And spangled heavens, a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim. Addison.

2. That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like, as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc.

The Scriptures may be now read in their own original. Milton.

3. An original thinker or writer; an originator. [R.]

Men who are bad at copying, yet are good originals. C. G. Leland.

4. A person of marked eccentricity. [Colloq.]

5. (Zo\'94l. & Bot.) The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or cultivated variety has been derived; as, the wolf is thought by some to be the original of the dog, the blackthorn the original of the plum.

Originalist

O*rig"i*nal*ist, n. One who is original. [R.]

Originality

O*rig`i*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. originalit\'82.] The quality or state of being original. Macaulay.

Originally

O*rig"i*nal*ly (?), adv.

1. In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation.

God is originally holy in himself. Bp. Pearson.

2. At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction; as, a book originally written by another hand. "Originally a half length [portrait]." Walpole.

Originalness

O*rig"i*nal*ness (?), n. The quality of being original; originality. [R.] Johnson.

Originant

O*rig"i*nant (?), a. Originating; original. [R.]
An absolutely originant act of self will. Prof. Shedd.

Originary

O*rig"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. originarius: cf. F. originaire.]

1. Causing existence; productive. [R.]

The production of animals, in the originary way, requires a certain degree of warmth. Cheyne.

2. Primitive; primary; original. [R.]

The grand originary right of all rights. Hickok.

Originate

O*rig"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Originated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Originating.] [From Origin.] To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce as new.
A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order. Burke.

Originate

O*rig"i*nate, v. i. To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin to exist or act; as, the scheme originated with the governor and council.

Origination

O*rig`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. originatio.]

1. The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first production. "The origination of the universe." Keill.

What comes from spirit is a spontaneous origination. Hickok.

2. Mode of production, or bringing into being.

This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars. Ray.

Originative

O*rig"i*na*tive (?), a. Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into existence; originating. H. Bushnell. -- O*rig"i*na*tive*ly, adv.

Originator

O*rig"i*na`tor (?), n. One who originates.

Orillon

O*ril"lon (?), n. [F., lit., a little ear, from oreille an ear, fr. L. oricula, auricula, dim. of auris an ear. See Ear.] (Fort.) A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old fortresses.

Oriol

O"ri*ol (?), n. See Oriel.

Oriole

O"ri*ole (?), n. [OF. oriol, oriouz, orieus, F. loriot (for l'oriol), fr. L. aureolus golden, dim. of aureus golden, fr. aurum gold. Cf. Aureole, Oriel, Loriot.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolid\'91. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icterid\'91. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zo\'94l.) See Cassican.

Orion

O*ri"on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.) A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye.
The flaming glories of Orion's belt. E. Everett.

Oriskany

O*ris"ka*ny (?), a. [From Oriskany, in New York.] (Geol.) Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age. Oriskany period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See Chart of Geology.

Orismological

O*ris`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Of or pertaining to orismology.

Orismology

O`ris*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy. See Horizon.] That departament of natural history which treats of technical terms.

Orison

Or"i*son (?), n. [OF. orison, oreson, oreison, F. oraison, fr. L. oratio speech, prayer. See Oration.] A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak.
Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid. Milton.

Orisont

Or"i*sont (?), n. Horizon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ork

Ork (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Orc.

Orkneyan

Ork"ney*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands. "Orkneyan skerries." Longfellow.

Orle

Orle (?), n. [F. orle an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. orla border, dim. of L. ora border, margin.]

1. (Her.) A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within, but at some distance from, the border.

2. (Her.) The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of a knight and bearing the crest. In orle, round the escutcheon, leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something else; -- said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an orle.

Orleans

Or"le*ans (?), n. [So called from the city of Orl\'82ans, in France.]

1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel.

2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.]

Orlo

Or"lo (?), n. [Sp.] (Mus.) A wind instrument of music in use among the Spaniards.

Orlop

Or"lop (?), n. [D. overloop the upper deck, lit., a running over or overflowing, fr. overloopen to run over. See Over, and Leap, and cf. Overloop.] (Naut.) The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are coiled.

Ormer

Or"mer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An abalone.
Page 1013

Ormolu

Or`mo*lu" (?), n. [F. or moulu; or gold (L. aurum) + moulu, p. p. of moudre to grind, to mill, L. molere. See Aureate, and Mill.] A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.

Ormuzd

Or"muzd (?), n. [Zend Ahuramazda.] The good principle, or being, of the ancient Persian religion. See Ahriman.

Orn

Orn (?), v. t. To ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] Joye.

Ornament

Or"na*ment (?), n. [OE. ornement, F. ornement, fr. L. ornamentum, fr. ornare to adorn.] That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment.
The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4.
Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and ornaments. Tennyson.

Ornament

Or"na*ment (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ornamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Ornamenting.] To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a room, or a city. Syn. -- See Adorn.

Ornamental

Or`na*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. ornemental.] Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing.
Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles. Sir T. Browne.

Ornamentally

Or`na*men"tal*ly, adv. By way of ornament.

Ornamentation

Or`na*men*ta"tion (?), n.

1. The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented.

2. That which ornaments; ornament. C. Kingsley.

Ornamenter

Or"na*ment*er (?), n. One who ornaments; a decorator.

Ornate

Or*nate" (?), a. [L. ornatus, p. p. of ornare to adorn.]

1. Adorned; decorated; beautiful. "So bedecked, ornate, and gay." Milton.

2. Finely finished, as a style of composition.

A graceful and ornate rhetoric. Milton.

Ornate

Or*nate", v. t. To adorn; to honor. [R.]
They may ornate and sanctify the name of God. Latimer.

Ornately

Or*nate"ly, adv. In an ornate manner. Sir T. More.

Ornateness

Or*nate"ness, n. The quality of being ornate.

Ornature

Or"na*ture (?), n. [L. ornatura.] Decoration; ornamentation. [R.] Holinshed.

Ornithic

Or*nith"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to birds; as, ornithic fossils. Owen.

Ornithichnite

Or`nith*ich"nite (?), n. [Ornitho- + Gr. (Paleon.) The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone. Hitchcock.

Ornithichnology

Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Ornitho- + ichnology.] (Paleon.) The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites. Hitchcock.

Ornitho-

Ornitho-. [Cf. Ern.] A combining form fr. Gr.

Ornithodelphia

Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Monotremata. -- Or`ni*tho*del"phid (#), a.

Ornithoidichnite

Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite (?), n. [Ornitho- + -oid + Gr. (Paleon.) A fossil track resembling that of a bird. Hitchcock.

Ornitholite

Or*nith"o*lite (?), n. [Ornitho- + -lite.] (Paleon.) (a) The fossil remains of a bird. (b) A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds.

Ornithologic, Ornithological

Or`ni*tho*log"ic (?), Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ornithologique.] Of or pertaining to ornithology.

Ornithologist

Or`ni*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ornithologiste.] One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who describes birds.

Ornithology

Or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Ornitho- + -logy: cf. F. ornithologie.]

1. That branch of zo\'94logy which treats of the natural history of birds and their classification.

2. A treatise or book on this science.

Ornithomancy

Or*nith"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. ornithomancie.] Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc.
Ornithomancy grew into an elaborate science. De Quincey.

Ornithon

Or*ni"thon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. An aviary; a poultry house. Weale.

Ornithopappi

Or*ni`tho*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of birds. It includes only the Arch\'91opteryx.

Ornithopoda

Or`ni*thop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ornitho-, and -poda.] (Paleon.) An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some genera had only three functional toes, and supported the body in walking as in Iguanodon. See Illust. in Appendix.

Ornithorhynchus

Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Duck mole, under Duck.

Ornithosauria

Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ornitho-, and Sauria.] (Paleon.) An order of extinct flying reptiles; -- called also Pterosauria.

Ornithoscelida

Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in structure (especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and birds. -- Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan (#), a.

Ornithoscopy

Or`ni*thos"co*py (?), n. [Ornitho- + -scopy: cf. Gr. Observation of birds and their habits. [R.] De Quincey.

Ornithotomical

Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ornithotomy.

Ornithotomist

Or`ni*thot"o*mist (?), n. One who is skilled in ornithotomy.

Ornithotomy

Or`ni*thot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of birds.

Orographic, Orographical

Or`o*graph"ic (?), Or`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to orography.

Orography

O*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain systems; orology; as, the orography of Western Europe.

Orohippus

Or`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but having four toes in front and three behind.

Oroide

O"roide (?), n. [F. or gold (L. aurum) + Gr. An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in color and brilliancy. [Written also oreide.]

Orological

Or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. orologique.] Of or pertaining to orology.

Orologist

O*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in orology.

Orology

O*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. orologie.] The science or description of mountains.

Orotund

O"ro*tund` (?), a. [L. os, oris, the mouth + rotundus round, smooth.] Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance. -- n. The orotund voice or utterance Rush.

Orotundity

O`ro*tun"di*ty (?), n. The orotund mode of intonation.

Orphaline

Or"pha*line (?), n. See Orpheline. [Obs.]

Orphan

Or"phan (?), n. [L. orphanus, Gr. orbus. Cf. Orb a blank window.] A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living. Orphans' court (Law), a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier.

Orphan

Or"phan, a. Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.

Orphan

Or"phan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orphaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orphaning.] To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young.

Orphanage

Or"phan*age (?), n.

1. The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively.

2. An institution or asylum for the care of orphans.

Orphancy

Or"phan*cy (?), n. Orphanhood. Sir P. Sidney.

Orphanet

Or"phan*et (?), n. A little orphan. Drayton.

Orphanhood

Or"phan*hood (?), n. The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage.

Orphanism

Or"phan*ism (?), n. Orphanhood. [R.]

Orphanotrophism

Or`phan*ot"ro*phism (?), n. The care and support of orphans. [R.] Cotton Mather (1711).

Orphanotrophy

Or`phan*ot"ro*phy (?), n. [L. orphanotrophium, Gr.

1. A hospital for orphans. [R.] A. Chalmers.

2. The act of supporting orphans. [R.]

Orpharion

Or*pha"ri*on (?), n. (Mus.) An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind. [Spelt also orpheoreon.]

Orphean

Or*phe"an (?), a. [L. Orphus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; as, Orphean strains. Cowper.

Orpheline

Or"phe*line (?), n. [F. orphelin. See Orphan.] An orphan. [Obs.] Udcll.

Orpheus

Or"phe*us (?), n. [L. Orpheus, Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.

Orphic

Or"phic (?), a. [L. Orphicus, Gr. Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.

Orphrey

Or"phrey (?), n. [See Orfrays.] A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics. Pugin.

Orpiment

Or"pi*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. auripigmentum; aurum gold + pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine.] (Chem.) Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; -- formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing.
Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie. Chaucer.
Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic. -- Yellow orpiment, king's yellow.

Orpin

Or"pin, n. [F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See Orpiment.]

1. A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also to red.

2. (Bot.) The orpine.

Orpine

Or"pine (?), n. [F. orpin the genus of plants which includes orpine; -- so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species (Sedum acre). See Orpiment.] (Bot.) A low plant with fleshy leaves (Sedum telephium), having clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called also stonecrop, and live-forever. [Written also orpin.]

Orrach

Or"rach (?), n. See Orach.

Orrery

Or"re*ry (?), n.; pl. Orreries (#). [So named in honor of the Earl of Orrery.] An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions, orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system.

Orris

Or"ris (?), n. [Prob. corrupted from It. ireos iris. See Iris.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de-luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets. Orris pea (Med.), an issue pea made from orris root. -- Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris.

Orris

Or"ris (?), n.

1. [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.] A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson.

2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.

Orsedew, Orsedue

Orse"dew (?), Or"se*due (?), n. Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under Dutch.

Orseille

Or`seille" (?), n. [F.] See Archil.

Orsellic

Or*sel"lic (?), a. [From F. orseille archil. See Archil.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain lichens, and called also lecanoric acid. [Formerly written also orseillic.]

Orsellinic

Or`sel*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline substance, and related to protocatechuic acid.

Ort

Ort (?), n.; pl. Orts (#). [Akin to LG. ort, ortels, remnants of food, refuse, OFries. ort, OD. oorete, ooraete; prob. from the same prefix as in E. ordeal + a word akin to eat.] A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; -- commonly used in the plural. Milton.
Let him have time a beggar's orts to crave. Shak.

Ortalidian

Or`ta*lid"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family Ortalid\'91. The larv\'91 of many of these flies live in fruit; those of others produce galls on various plants.

Orthid

Or"thid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of the family Orthid\'91.

Orthis

Or"this (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic rocks.

Orthite

Or"thite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals.

Ortho-

Or"tho- (?). [Gr. upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]

1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.

2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b) (Organic Chem.) Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound. &hand; In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene.

Orthocarbonic

Or`tho*car*bon"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Designating a complex ether, C.(OC2H5)4, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, C.(OH)4.

Orthocenter

Or`tho*cen"ter (?), n. [Ortho- + center.] (Geom.) That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced, mutually intersect.

Orthoceras

Or*thoc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long, straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous chambers by transverse septa.

Orthoceratite

Or`tho*cer"a*tite (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras.

Orthoclase

Or"tho*clase (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Min.) Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See Feldspar.

Orthoclastic

Or`tho*clas"tic (?), a. (Crystallog.) Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; -- said of the monoclinic feldspars.

Orthodiagonal

Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal (?), n. [Ortho- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.) The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis.

Orthodome

Or"tho*dome (?), n. [Ortho- + dome.] (Crystallog.) See the Note under Dome, 4.

Orthodox

Or"tho*dox (?), a. [L. orthodoxus, Gr. orthodoxe. See Ortho-, Dogma.]

1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; -- opposed to heretical and heterodox; as, an orthodox Christian.

2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox opinion, book, etc.

3. Approved; conventional.

He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner. H. R. Haweis.
&hand; The term orthodox differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Page 1014

Orthodoxal

Or"tho*dox`al (?), a. Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. [R.] Milton.

Orthodoxality

Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty (?), n. Orthodoxness. [R.]

Orthodoxally

Or"tho*dox`al*ly (?), adv. Orthodoxly. [R.] Milton

Orthodoxastical

Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al (?), a. Orthodox. [Obs.]

Orthodoxical

Or`tho*dox"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.

Orthodoxly

Or"tho*dox`ly (?), adv. In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith. Sir W. Hamilton.

Orthodoxness

Or"tho*dox`ness, n. The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy. Waterland.

Orthodoxy

Or"tho*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.]

1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to heterodoxy or to heresy.

Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy. Waterland.

2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines; -- said of moral doctrines and beliefs; as, the orthodoxy of a creed.

3. By extension, said of any correct doctrine or belief.

Orthodromic

Or`tho*drom"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. Of or pertaining to orthodromy.

Orthodromics

Or`tho*drom"ics (?), n. The art of sailing in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe; great-circle sailing; orthodromy.

Orthodromy

Or"tho*drom`y (?), n. [Cf. F. orthodromie.] The act or art of sailing on a great circle.

Ortho\'89pic, Ortho\'89pical

Or`tho*\'89p"ic (?), Or`tho*\'89p"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ortho\'89py, or correct pronunciation. -- Or`tho*\'89p"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ortho\'89pist

Or"tho*\'89*pist (?), n. One who is skilled in ortho\'89py.

Ortho\'89py

Or"tho*\'89*py (?), n. [Gr. ortho\'82pie. See Ortho-, and Epic.] The art of uttering words corectly; a correct pronunciation of words; also, mode of pronunciation.

Orthogamy

Or*thog"a*my (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.) Direct fertilization in plants, as when the pollen fertilizing the ovules comes from the stamens of the same blossom; -- opposed to heterogamy.

Orthognathic

Or`thog*nath"ic (?), a. Orthognathous.

Orthognathism

Or*thog"na*thism (?), n. (Anat.) The quality or state of being orthognathous. Huxley.

Orthognathous

Or*thog"na*thous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the front of the head, or the skull, nearly perpendicular, not retreating backwards above the jaws; -- opposed to prognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

Orthogon

Or"tho*gon (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. orthogone, a.] (Geom.) A rectangular figure.

Orthogonal

Or*thog"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. orthogonal.] Right-angled; rectangular; as, an orthogonal intersection of one curve with another. Orthogonal projection. See under Orthographic.

Orthogonally

Or*thog"o*nal*ly, adv. Perpendicularly; at right angles; as, a curve cuts a set of curves orthogonally.

Orthographer

Or*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in orthography; one who spells words correctly.

Orthographic, Orthographical

Or`tho*graph"ic (?), Or`tho*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. orthographique, L. orthographus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to orthography, or right spelling; also, correct in spelling; as, orthographical rules; the letter was orthographic.

2. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to right lines or angles. Orthographic ∨ Orthogonal, projection, that projection which is made by drawing lines, from every point to be projected, perpendicular to the plane of projection. Such a projection of the sphere represents its circles as seen in perspective by an eye supposed to be placed at an infinite distance, the plane of projection passing through the center of the sphere perpendicularly to the line of sight.

Orthographically

Or`tho*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In an orthographical manner: (a) according to the rules of proper spelling; (b) according to orthographic projection.

Orthographist

Or*thog"ra*phist (?), n. One who spells words correctly; an orthographer.

Orthographize

Or*thog"ra*phize (?), v. t. To spell correctly or according to usage; to correct in regard to spelling.
In the coalesced into ith, which modern reaction has orthographized to i' th'. Earle.

Orthography

Or*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [OE. ortographie, OF. orthographie, L. orthographia, Gr. Ortho-, and Graphic.]

1. The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.

When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened into orthography. Earle.

2. The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.

3. A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.

Orthology

Or*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. orthologie.] The right description of things. [R.] Fotherby.

Orthometric

Or`tho*met"ric (?), a. [See Orthometry.] (Crystallog.) Having the axes at right angles to one another; -- said of crystals or crystalline forms.

Orthometry

Or*thom"e*try (?), n. [Ortho- + -metry.] The art or practice of constructing verses correctly; the laws of correct versification.

Orthomorphic

Or`tho*mor"phic (?), a. [Ortho- + morphic.] (Geom.) Having the right form. Orthomorphic projection, a projection in which the angles in the figure to be projected are equal to the corresponding angles in the projected figure.

Orthopedic, Orthopedical

Or`tho*ped"ic (?), Or`tho*ped"ic*al (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the human body at any age; as, orthopedic surgery; an orthopedic hospital.

Orthopedist

Or*thop"e*dist (?), n. (Med.) One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children.

Orthopedy

Or*thop"e*dy (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Med.) The art or practice of curing the deformities of children, or, by extension, any deformities of the human body.

Orthophony

Or*thoph"o*ny (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. The art of correct articulation; voice training.

Orthopinacoid

Or`tho*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Ortho- + pinacoid.] (Crystallog.) A name given to the two planes in the monoclinic system which are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes.

Orthopn Or`thop*n (?), Or*thop"ny (?), n. [L. orthopnoea, Gr. orthopn\'82e.] (Med.) Specifically, a morbid condition in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture; by extension, any difficulty of breathing.

Orthopoda

Or*thop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ortho-, and -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind legs, and resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and other parts.

Orthopraxy

Or"tho*prax`y (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The treatment of deformities in the human body by mechanical appliances.

Orthoptera

Or*thop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of mandibulate insects including grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches, etc. See Illust. under Insect. &hand; The anterior wings are usually thickened and protect the posterior wings, which are larger and fold longitudinally like a fan. The Orthoptera undergo no metamorphosis.

Orthopteran

Or*thop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Orthoptera.

Orthopterous

Or*thop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Orthoptera.

Orthorhombic

Or`tho*rhom"bic (?), a. [Ortho- + rhombic.] (Crystallog.) Noting the system of crystallization which has three unequal axes at right angles to each other; trimetric. See Crystallization.

Orthoscope

Or"tho*scope (?), n. [Ortho- + -scope.] (Physyol.) An instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial portions of the eye.

Orthoscopic

Or`tho*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Giving an image in correct or normal proportions; giving a flat field of view; as, an orthoscopic eyepiece.

Orthosilicic

Or`tho*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + silicic.] (Chem.) Designating the form of silicic acid having the normal or highest number of hydroxyl groups.

Orthospermous

Or`tho*sper"mous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some umbelliferous plants; -- opposed to c\'d2lospermous. Darwin.

Orthostade

Or"tho*stade (?), n. [Gr. (Anc. Costume) A chiton, or loose, ungirded tunic, falling in straight folds.

Orthostichy

Or*thos"ti*chy (?), n.; pl. Orthostichies (#). [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.) A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem.

Orthotomic

Or`tho*tom"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Geom.) Cutting at right angles. Orthotomic circle (Geom.), that circle which cuts three given circles at right angles.

Orthotomous

Or*thot"o*mous (?), a. (Crystallog.) Having two cleavages at right angles with one another.

Orthotomy

Or*thot"o*my (?), n. (Geom.) The property of cutting at right angles.

Orthotone

Or"tho*tone (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Gr. Gram.) Retaining the accent; not enclitic; -- said of certain indefinite pronouns and adverbs when used interrogatively, which, when not so used, are ordinarilly enclitic.

Orthotropal, Orthotropous

Or*thot"ro*pal (?), Or*thot"ro*pous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. orthotrope.] (Bot.) Having the axis of an ovule or seed straight from the hilum and chalaza to the orifice or the micropyle; atropous. &hand; This word has also been used (but improperly) to describe any embryo whose radicle points towards, or is next to, the hilum.

Orthotropic

Or`tho*trop"ic (?), a. [See Orthotropal.] (Bot.) Having the longer axis vertical; -- said of erect stems. Encyc. Brit.

Orthoxylene

Or`tho*xy"lene (?), n. [Ortho- + xylene.] (Chem.) That variety of xylene in which the two methyl groups are in the ortho position; a colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon resembling benzene.

Ortive

Or"tive (?), a. [L. ortivus, fr. oriri, ortus, to rise: cf. F. ortive.] Of or relating to the time or act of rising; eastern; as, the ortive amplitude of a planet.

Ortolan

Or"to*lan (?), n. [F., fr. It. ortolano ortolan, gardener, fr. L. hortulanus gardener, fr. hortulus, dim. of hortus garden. So called because it frequents the hedges of gardens. See Yard an inclosure, and cf. Hortulan.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European singing bird (Emberiza hortulana), about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when fattened. Called also bunting. (b) In England, the wheatear (Saxicola \'d2nanthe). (c) In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (Porzana Carolina). See Sora.

Ortygan

Or"ty*gan (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of East Indian birds of the genera Ortygis and Hemipodius. They resemble quails, but lack the hind toe. See Turnix.

Orval

Or"val (?), n. [F. orvale.] (Bot.) A kind of sage (Salvia Horminum).

Orvet

Or`vet" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The blindworm.

Orvietan

Or`vi*e"tan (?), n. [F. orvi\'82tan: cf. It. orvietano. So called because invented at Orvieto, in Italy.] A kind of antidote for poisons; a counter poison formerly in vogue. [Obs.]

-ory

-o*ry (?). [L. -orius: cf. F. -oire.]

1. An adjective suffix meaning of or pertaining to, serving for; as in auditory, pertaining to or serving for hearing; prohibitory, amendatory, etc.

2. [L. -orium: cf. F. -oire.] A noun suffix denoting that which pertains to, or serves for; as in ambulatory, that which serves for walking; consistory, factory, etc.

Oryal, Oryall

O"ry*al (?), O"ry*all (?), n. See Oriel.

Oryctere

Or"yc*tere (?), n. [Gr. oryct\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) The aard-vark.

Orycterope

O*ryc"ter*ope (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oryctere.

Oryctognosy

Or`yc*tog"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. Mineralogy. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic (#), a. -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al (#), a. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al*ly (#), adv. [Obs.]

Oryctography

Or`yc*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] Description of fossils. [Obs.]

Oryctological

Or`yc*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. oryctologique.] Of or pertaining to oryctology. [Obs.]

Oryctologist

Or`yc*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in oryctology. [Obs.]

Oryctology

Or`yc*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. oryctologie.]

1. An old name for paleontology.

2. An old name for mineralogy and geology.

Oryx

O"ryx (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of African antelopes which includes the gemsbok, the leucoryx, the bisa antelope (O. beisa), and the beatrix antelope (O. beatrix) of Arabia.

Oryza

O*ry"za (?), n. [L., rice, Gr. Rice.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses including the rice plant; rice.

Os

Os (?), n.; pl. Ossa (#). [L.] A bone.

Os

Os, n.; pl. Ora (#). [L.] A mouth; an opening; an entrance.

Os

Os (?), n.; pl. Osar (#). [Sw. \'86s ridge, chain of hills, pl. \'86sar.] (Geol.) One of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc., supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and the eschars of Ireland. See Eschar.

Osage orange

O"sage or"ange (?). (Bot.) An ornamental tree of the genus Maclura (M. aurantiaca), closely allied to the mulberry (Morus); also, its fruit. The tree was first found in the country of the Osage Indians, and bears a hard and inedible fruit of an orangelike appearance. See Bois d'arc.

Osages

O*sa"ges (?), n. pl.; sing. Osage (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian Territory.

Osanne

O*san"ne (?), n. Hosanna. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Osar

O"sar (?), n. pl. (Geol.) See 3d Os.

Oscan

Os"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Osci, a primitive people of Campania, a province of ancient Italy. -- n. The language of the Osci.

Oscillancy

Os"cil*lan*cy (?), n. The state of oscillating; a seesaw kind of motion. [R.]

Oscillaria

Os`cil*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. oscillare to swing.] (Bot.) A genus of dark green, or purplish black, filamentous, fresh-water alg\'91, the threads of which have an automatic swaying or crawling motion. Called also Oscillatoria.

Oscillate

Os"cil*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oscillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oscillating (?).] [L. oscillare to swing, fr. oscillum a swing, a little mask or puppet made to be hung from trees and swing in the wind, prob. orig., a little mouth, a dim. from os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Osculate.]

1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway.

2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth.

The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits. Dc Quincey.
Page 1015

Oscillating

Os"cil*la`ting (?), a. That oscillates; vibrating; swinging. Oscillating engine, a steam engine whose cylinder oscillates on trunnions instead of being permanently fixed in a perpendicular or other direction. Weale.

Oscillation

Os`cil*la"tion (?), n. [L. oscillatio a swinging.]

1. The act of oscillating; a swinging or moving backward and forward, like a pendulum; vibration.

2. Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth.

His mind oscillated, undoubtedly; but the extreme points of the oscillation were not very remote. Macaulay.
Axis of oscillation, Center of oscillation. See under Axis, and Center.

Oscillative

Os"cil*la*tive (?), a. Tending to oscillate; vibratory. [R.] I. Taylor.

Oscillatoria

Os`cil*la*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Oscillatory.] (Bot.) Same as Oscillaria.

Oscillatory

Os"cil*la*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. oscillatoire. See Oscillate.] Moving, or characterized by motion, backward and forward like a pendulum; swinging; oscillating; vibratory; as, oscillatory motion.

Oscine

Os"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to the Oscines.

Oscines

Os"ci*nes (?), n. pl. [L. oscen, -inis.] (Zo\'94l.) Singing birds; a group of the Passeres, having numerous syringeal muscles, conferring musical ability.

Oscinian

Os*cin"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Oscines, or singing birds.

Oscinian

Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of dipterous files of the family Oscinid\'91. &hand; Some, whose larv\'91 live in the stalks, are very destructive to barley, wheat, and rye; others, as the barley fly (Oscinis frit), destroy the heads of grain.

Oscinine

Os"ci*nine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Oscines.

Oscitancy

Os"ci*tan*cy (?), n. [See Oscitant.]

1. The act of gaping or yawning.

2. Drowsiness; dullness; sluggishness. Hallam.

It might proceed from the oscitancy of transcribers. Addison.

Oscitant

Os"ci*tant (?), a. [L. oscitans, -antis, p. pr. of oscitare: cf. F. oscitant.]

1. Yawning; gaping.

2. Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish; careless.

He must not be oscitant, but intent on his charge. Barrow.

Oscitantly

Os"ci*tant*ly, adv. In an oscitant manner.

Oscitate

Os"ci*tate (?), v. i. [L. oscitare; os the mouth + citare, v. intens. fr. ciere to move.] To gape; to yawn.

Oscitation

Os`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oscitatio: cf. F. oscitation.] The act of yawning or gaping. Addison.

Osculant

Os"cu*lant (?), a. [L. osculans, -antis, p. pr. of osculari to kiss. See Osculate.]

1. Kissing; hence, meeting; clinging.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Adhering closely; embracing; -- applied to certain creeping animals, as caterpillars.

3. (Biol.) Intermediate in character, or on the border, between two genera, groups, families, etc., of animals or plants, and partaking somewhat of the characters of each, thus forming a connecting link; interosculant; as, the genera by which two families approximate are called osculant genera.

Osculate

Os"cu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Osculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Osculating.] [L. osculatus, p. p. of osculari to kiss, fr. osculum a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Oscillate.]

1. To kiss.

2. (Geom.) To touch closely, so as to have a common curvature at the point of contact. See Osculation, 2.

Osculate

Os"cu*late, v. i.

1. To kiss one another; to kiss.

2. (Geom.) To touch closely. See Osculation, 2.

3. (Biol.) To have characters in common with two genera or families, so as to form a connecting link between them; to interosculate. See Osculant.

Osculation

Os`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L. osculatio a kissing: cf. F. osculation.]

1. The act of kissing; a kiss.

2. (Geom.) The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande & C.

Osculatory

Os"cu*la*to*ry (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to kissing; kissing. "The osculatory ceremony." Thackeray.

2. (Geom.) Pertaining to, or having the properties of, an osculatrix; capable of osculation; as, a circle may be osculatory with a curve, at a given point. Osculatory circle. (Geom.) See Osculating circle of a curve, under Circle. -- Osculatory plane (to a curve of double curvature), a plane which passes through three successive points of the curve. -- Osculatory sphere (to a line of double curvature), a sphere passing through four consecutive points of the curve.

Osculatory

Os"cu*la*to*ry, n. [LL. osculatorium. See Osculate.] (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pax, 2.

Osculatrix

Os`cu*la"trix (?), n.; pl. Osculatrixes (#). [NL.] (Geom.) A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind.

Oscule

Os"cule (?), n. [Cf. F. oscule. See Osculum.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the excurrent apertures of sponges.

Osculum

Os"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Oscula (#). [L., a little mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oscule.

-ose

-ose (?). [L. -osus: cf. F. -ose. Cf. -ous.]

1. A suffix denoting full of, containing, having the qualities of, like; as in verbose, full of words; pilose, hairy; globose, like a globe.

2. (Chem.) A suffix indicating that the substance to the name of wich it is affixed is a member of the carbohydrate group; as in cellulose, sucrose, dextrose, etc.

Osier

O"sier (?), n. [F. osier: cf. Prov. F. oisis, Armor. ozil, aozil, Gr. vitex, and E. withy.] (Bot.) (a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. (b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants.
The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream. Shak.
Osier bed, ∨ Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket making. [Eng.] -- Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs (Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has slender red branches; -- also called osier cornel.

Osier

O"sier, a. Made of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. "This osier cage of ours." Shak.

Osiered

O"siered (?), a. Covered or adorned with osiers; as, osiered banks. [Poetic] Collins.

Osiery

O"sier*y (?), n. An osier bed.

Osiris

O*si"ris (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.) One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called Apis. Cf. Serapis. -- O*sir"i*an (#), a.

Osmanli

Os"man*li (?), n.; pl. Osmanlis (#). [So called from Osman. See Ottoman.] A Turkish official; one of the dominant tribe of Turks; loosely, any Turk.

Osmate

Os"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmic acid. [Formerly written also osmiate.]

Osmaterium

Os`ma*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Osmateria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of scent organs which the larv\'91 of certain butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or below.

Osmazome

Os"ma*zome (?), n. [Gr. osmaz\'93me.] (Old Chem.) A substance formerly supposed to give to soup and broth their characteristic odor, and probably consisting of one or several of the class of nitrogenous substances which are called extractives.

Osmiamate

Os`mi*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmiamic acid.

Osmiamic

Os`mi*am"ic (?), a. [Osmium + amido.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid of osmium, H2N2Os2O5, forming a well-known series of yellow salts.

Osmic

Os"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide. Osmic acid. (Chem.) (a) Osmic tetroxide. [Obs.] (b) Osmic acid proper, an acid analogous to sulphuric acid, not known in the free state, but forming a well-known and stable series of salts (osmates), which were formerly improperly called osmites. -- Osmic tetroxide (Chem.), a white volatile crystalline substance, OsO4, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium. It has a burning taste, and gives off a vapor, which is a powerful irritant poison, violently attacking the eyes, and emitting a strong chlorinelike odor. Formerly improperly called osmic acid.

Osmidrosis

Os`mi*dro"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) The secretion of fetid sweat.

Osmious

Os"mi*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a valence relatively lower than in the osmic compounds; as, osmious chloride. [Written also osmous.] Osmious acid (Chem.), an acid derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance.

Osmite

Os"mite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmious acid.

Osmium

Os"mi*um (?), n. [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477.

Osmometer

Os*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the amount of osmotic action in different liquids.

Osmometry

Os*mom"e*try (?), n. (Physics) The study of osmose by means of the osmometer.

Osmose

Os"mose (?), n. [Gr. (Chemical Physics) (a) The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid was then called endosmose, and the opposite, slower current, exosmose. Both are, however, results of the same force. Osmose may be regarded as a form of molecular attraction, allied to that of adhesion. (b) The action produced by this tendency.<-- preferred term = osmosis, endosmosis --> Electric osmose, ∨ Electric endosmose (Elec.), the transportation of a liquid through a porous septum by the action of an electric current.

Osmosis

Os*mo"sis (?), n. [NL.] Osmose.

Osmotic

Os*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; as, osmotic force.

Osmund

Os"mund (?), n. (Bot.) A fern of the genus Osmunda, or flowering fern. The most remarkable species is the osmund royal, or royal fern (Osmunda regalis), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top. The rootstock contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen.<-- used as a substrate for growing orchids -->

Osnaburg

Os"na*burg (?), n. A species of coarse linen, originally made in Osnaburg, Germany.

Oso-berry

O"so-ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The small, blueblack, drupelike fruit of the Nuttallia cerasiformis, a shrub of Oregon and California, belonging to the Cherry tribe of Rosace\'91.

Osphradium

Os*phra"di*um (?), n.; pl. Osphradia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The olfactory organ of some Mollusca. It is connected with the organ of respiration.

Osprey, Ospray

Os"prey, Os"pray (?), n. [Through OF. fr. L. ossifraga (orig., the bone breaker); prob. influenced by oripelargus (mountain stork, a kind of eagle, Gr. orpres, and F. orfraie. See Ossifrage.] (Zo\'94l.) The fishhawk.

Oss

Oss (?), v. i. [See Osse, n.] To prophesy; to presage. [R. & Obs.] R. Edgeworth.

Osse

Osse (?), n. [Gr. A prophetic or ominous utterance. [R. & Obs.] Holland.

Ossean

Os"se*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish having a bony skeleton; a teleost.

Ossein

Os"se*in (?), n. [L. os bone.] (Physiol. Chem.) The organic basis of bone tissue; the residue after removal of the mineral matters from bone by dilute acid; in embryonic tissue, the substance in which the mineral salts are deposited to form bone; -- called also ostein. Chemically it is the same as collagen.

Osselet

Os"se*let (?), n. [F.]

1. A little bone.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish.

Osseous

Os"se*ous (?), a. [L. osseus, from os, ossis bone; akin to Gr. asthi. Cf. Oyster.] Composed of bone; resembling bone; capable of forming bone; bony; ossific.

Osseter

Os"se*ter (?), n. [Russ, osetr' sturgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of sturgeon.

Ossianic

Os`si*an"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, Ossian, a legendary Erse or Celtic bard.
The compositions might be fairly classed as Ossianic. G. Eliot.

Ossicle

Os"si*cle (?), n. [L. ossiculum, dim. of os, ossis, a bone.]

1. A little bone; as, the auditory ossicles in the tympanum of the ear.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes.

Ossiculated

Os*sic"u*la`ted (?), a. Having small bones.

Ossiculum

Os*sic"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Ossicula (#). [L., a little bone.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ossicle.

Ossiferous

Os*sif"er*ous (?), a. [L. os, ossis, a bone + -ferous: cf. F. ossif\'8are.] Containing or yielding bone.

Ossific

Os*sif"ic (?), a. [L. os, ossis, bone + facere to make: cf. F. ossifique. See Fact.] Capable of producing bone; having the power to change cartilage or other tissue into bone.

Ossification

Os`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ossification. See Ossify.]

1. (Physiol.) The formation of bone; the process, in the growth of an animal, by which inorganic material (mainly lime salts) is deposited in cartilage or membrane, forming bony tissue; ostosis. &hand; Besides the natural ossification of growing tissue, there is the so-called accidental ossification which sometimes follows certain abnormal conditions, as in the ossification of an artery.

2. The state of being changed into a bony substance; also, a mass or point of ossified tissue.

Ossified

Os"si*fied (?), a. Changed to bone or something resembling bone; hardened by deposits of mineral matter of any kind; -- said of tissues.

Ossifrage

Os"si*frage (?), n. [L. ossifraga, ossifragus, osprey, fr. ossifragus bone breaking; os, ossis, a bone + frangere, fractum, to break. See Osseous, Break, and cf. Osprey, Ossifragous.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lammergeir. (b) The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle. [Obs.]

Ossifragous

Os*sif"ra*gous (?), a. [L. ossifragus. See Ossifrage.] Serving to break bones; bone-breaking.

Ossify

Os"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ossified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ossifying (?).] [L. os, ossis, bone + -fy: cf. F. ossifier. See Osseous.]

1. (Physiol.) To form into bone; to change from a soft animal substance into bone, as by the deposition of lime salts.

2. Fig.: To harden; as, to ossify the heart. Ruskin.

Ossify

Os"si*fy, v. i. (Physiol.) To become bone; to change from a soft tissue to a hard bony tissue.

Ossifying

Os"si*fy`ing (?), a. (Physiol.) Changing into bone; becoming bone; as, the ossifying process.

Ossivorous

Os*siv"o*rous (?), a. [L. os, ossis, bone + vorare to devour: cf. F. ossivore.] Feeding on bones; eating bones; as, ossivorous quadrupeds. Derham.

Osspringer

Os"spring*er (?), n. The osprey. [R.]

Ossuarium

Os`su*a"ri*um (?), n. [L.] A charnel house; an ossuary. Walpole.

Ossuary

Os"su*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [L. ossuarium, fr. ossuarius of or bones, fr. os, ossis, bone: cf. F. ossuaire.] A place where the bones of the dead are deposited; a charnel house. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ost

Ost (?), n. See Oast.

Osteal

Os"te*al (?), a. [Gr. Osseous.

Ostein

Os"te*in (?), n. [Gr. Ossein.

Osteitis

Os`te*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Osteo-, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of bone.

Osteler

Os"tel*er (?), n. Same as Hosteler. Wyclif.

Ostend

Os*tend" (?), v. t. [L. ostendere to show.] To exhibit; to manifest. [Obs.]
Mercy to mean offenders we'll ostend. J. Webster.

Ostensibility

Os*ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being ostensible.

Ostensible

Os*ten"si*ble (?), a. [From L. ostensus, p. p. of ostendere to show, prop., to stretch out before; fr. prefix obs- (old form of ob-) + tendere to stretch. See Tend.]

1. Capable of being shown; proper or intended to be shown. [R.] Walpole.

2. Shown; exhibited; declared; avowed; professed; apparent; -- often used as opposed to real or actual; as, an ostensible reason, motive, or aim. D. Ramsay.

Page 1016

Ostensibly

Os*ten"si*bly (?), adv. In an ostensible manner; avowedly; professedly; apparently. Walsh.
Ostensibly, we were intended to prevent filibustering into Texas, but really as a menace to Mexico. U. S. Grant.

Ostension

Os*ten"sion (?), n. [L. ostensio a showing: cf. F. ostension. See Ostend.] (Eccl.) The showing of the sacrament on the altar in order that it may receive the adoration of the communicants.

Ostensive

Os*ten"sive (?), a. Showing; exhibiting. Ostensive demonstration (Math.), a direct or positive demonstration, as opposed to the apagogical or indirect method.

Ostensively

Os*ten"sive*ly, adv. In an ostensive manner.

Ostensorium, Ostensory

Os`ten*so"ri*um (?), Os*ten"so*ry (?), n.; pl. L. -soria (#), E. -sories (#). [NL. ostensorium: cf. F. ostensoir. See Ostensible.] (R. C. Ch.) Same as Monstrance.

Ostent

Os"tent (?), n. [L. ostentus, ostentum, fr. ostendere (p. p. ostensus and ostentus) to show. See Ostensible.]

1. Appearance; air; mien. Shak.

2. Manifestation; token; portent. Dryden.

We asked of God that some ostent might clear Our cloudy business, who gave us sign. Chapman.

Ostentate

Os"ten*tate (?), v. t. [L. ostentatus, p. p. of ostentare, v. intens. fr. ostendere. See Ostent.] To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Ostentation

Os`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ostentatio: cf. F. ostentation.]

1. The act of ostentating or of making an ambitious display; unnecessary show; pretentious parade; -- usually in a detractive sense. "Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm." Milton.

He knew that good and bountiful minds were sometimes inclined to ostentation. Atterbury.

2. A show or spectacle. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Parade; pageantry; show; pomp; pompousness; vaunting; boasting. See Parade.

Ostentatious

Os`ten*ta"tious (?), a. Fond of, or evincing, ostentation; unduly conspicuous; pretentious; boastful.
Far from being ostentatious of the good you do. Dryden.
The ostentatious professions of many years. Macaulay.
-- Os`ten*ta"tious*ly, adv. -- Os`ten*ta"tious*ness, n.

Ostentator

Os"ten*ta`tor (?), n. [L.] One fond of display; a boaster. Sherwood.

Ostentive

Os*ten"tive (?), a. Ostentatious. [Obs.]

Ostentous

Os*ten"tous (?), a. Ostentatious. [Obs.] Feltham.

Osteo-

Os"te*o-. A combining form of Gr. a bone.

Osteoblast

Os"te*o*blast (?), n. [Osteo- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the protoplasmic cells which occur in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum, and from or around which the matrix of the bone is developed; an osteoplast.

Osteoclasis

Os`te*o*cla"sis (?), n. [NL. See Osteoclast.] (Surg.) The operation of breaking a bone in order to correct deformity.

Osteoclast

Os"te*o*clast (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr.

1. (Physiol.) A myeloplax. &hand; The osteoclasts occur usually in pits or cavities which they appear to have excavated, and are supposed to be concerned in the absorption of the bone matrix.

2. An instrument for performing osteoclasis.

Osteocolla

Os`te*o*col"la (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr.

1. A kind of glue obtained from bones. Ure.

2. A cellular calc tufa, which in some places forms incrustations on the stems of plants, -- formerly supposed to have the quality of uniting fractured bones.

Osteocomma

Os`te*o*com"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Osteocommata (#), E. Osteocommas (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and Comma.] (Anat.) A metamere of the vertebrate skeleton; an osteomere; a vertebra. Owen.

Osteocope

Os"te*o*cope (?), n. [Gr. ost\'82ocope.] (Med.) Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. -- Os`te*o*cop"ic (#), a.

Osteocranium

Os`te*o*cra"ni*um (?), n. [Osteo- + cranium.] (Anat.) The bony cranium, as distinguished from the cartilaginous cranium.

Osteodentine

Os`te*o*den"tine (?), n. [Osteo- + denite.] (Anat.) A hard substance, somewhat like bone, which is sometimes deposited within the pulp cavity of teeth.

Osteogen

Os"te*o*gen (?), n. [Osteo- + -gen.] (Physiol.) The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone, ultimately undergoes ossification.

Osteogenesis, Osteogeny

Os`te*o*gen"e*sis (?), Os`te*og"e*ny (?), n. [Osteo- + genesis, or the root of Gr. ost\'82og\'82nie.] (Physiol.) The formation or growth of bone.

Osteogenetic

Os`te*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone; producing bone; as, osteogenetic tissue; the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum.

Osteogenic

Os`te*o*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Osteogenetic.

Osteographer

Os`te*og"ra*pher (?), n. An osteologist.

Osteography

Os`te*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Osteo- + -graphy.] The description of bones; osteology.

Osteoid

Os"te*oid (?), a. [Osteo- + -oid: cf. Gr. (Anat.) Resembling bone; bonelike.

Osteolite

Os"te*o*lite (?), n. [Osteo- + -lite.] (Min.) A massive impure apatite, or calcium phosphate.

Osteologer

Os`te*ol"o*ger (?), n. One versed in osteology; an osteologist.

Osteologic, Osteological

Os`te*o*log"ic (?), Os`te*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ost\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to osteology. -- Os`te*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Osteologist

Os`te*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who is skilled in osteology; an osteologer.

Osteology

Os`te*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Osteo- + -logy: cf. F. ost\'82ologie.] The science which treats of the bones of the vertebrate skeleton.

Osteoma

Os`te*o"ma (?), n.; pl. Osteomata (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor composed mainly of bone; a tumor of a bone.

Osteomalacia

Os`te*o*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called malacia.

Osteomanty

Os"te*o*man`ty (?), n. [Osteo- Gr. Divination by means of bones. [R.]

Osteomere

Os"te*o*mere (?), n. [Osteo- + -mere.] (Anat.) An osteocomma. Owen.

Osteophone

Os"te*o*phone (?), n. [Gr. An instrument for transmission of auditory vibrations through the bones of the head, so as to be appreciated as sounds by persons deaf from causes other than those affecting the nervous apparatus of hearing.

Osteoplast

Os"te*o*plast (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. (Anat.) An osteoblast.

Osteoplastic

Os`te*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Osteo- + -plastic.]

1. (Physiol.) Producing bone; as, osteoplastic cells.

2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the replacement of bone; as, an osteoplastic operation.

Osteoplasty

Os"te*o*plas`ty (?), n. [Osteo- + -plasty.] (Med.) An operation or process by which the total or partial loss of a bone is remedied. Dunglison.

Osteopterygious

Os`te*op`ter*yg"i*ous (?), a. [Osteo- Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having bones in the fins, as certain fishes.

Osteosarcoma

Os`te*o*sar*co"ma (?), n.; pl. Osteosarcomata (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and sarcoma.] (Med.) A tumor having the structure of a sacroma in which there is a deposit of bone; sarcoma connected with bone.

Osteotome

Os"te*o*tome (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. (Surg.) Strong nippers or a chisel for dividing bone.

Osteotomist

Os`te*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in osteotomy.

Osteotomy

Os`te*ot"o*my (?), n.

1. The dissection or anatomy of bones; osteology.

2. (Surg.) The operation of dividing a bone or of cutting a piece out of it, -- done to remedy deformity, etc.

Osteozoa

Os`te*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Vertebrata.

Ostiary

Os"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [L. ostium door, entrance. See Usher.]

1. The mouth of a river; an estuary. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. One who keeps the door, especially the door of a church; a porter. N. Bacon.

Ostic

Os"tic (?), a. [From North American Indian oshtegwon a head.] Pertaining to, or applied to, the language of the Tuscaroras, Iroquois, Wyandots, Winnebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians. Schoolcraft.

Ostiole

Os"ti*ole (?), n. [L. ostiolum a little door, dim. of ostium a door: cf. F. ostiole.] (Bot.) (a) The exterior opening of a stomate. See Stomate. (b) Any small orifice.

Ostitis

Os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) See Osteitis.

Ostium

Os"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Ostia (#). [L.] (Anat.) An opening; a passage.

Ostler

Ost"ler (?), n. See Hostler.

Ostleress

Ost"ler*ess, n. A female ostler. [R.] Tennyson.

Ostlery

Ost"ler*y (?), n. See Hostelry. [Obs.]

Ostmen

Ost"men (?), n. pl.; sing. Ostman. [See East, and Man.] East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, formerly so called. Lyttelton.

Ostosis

Os*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Physiol.) Bone formation; ossification. See Ectostosis, and Endostosis.

Ostracea

Os*tra"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of bivalve mollusks including the oysters and allied shells.

Ostracean

Os*tra"cean (?), n. [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a family of bivalves, of which the oyster is the type.

Ostracion

Os*tra"ci*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of plectognath fishes having the body covered with solid, immovable, bony plates. It includes the trunkfishes.

Ostraciont

Os*tra"ci*ont (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Ostracion and allied genera.

Ostracism

Os"tra*cism (?), n. [Gr. Ostracize.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) Banishment by popular vote, -- a means adopted at Athens to rid the city of a person whose talent and influence gave umbrage.

2. Banishment; exclusion; as, social ostracism.

Public envy is as an ostracism, that eclipseth men when they grow too great. Bacon.
Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the . . . confidence, and honors, and emoluments of his country. A. Hamilton.

Ostracite

Os"tra*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil oyster.

Ostracize

Os"tra*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ostracized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ostracizing (?).] [Gr. Osseous, Oyster.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) To exile by ostracism; to banish by a popular vote, as at Athens. Grote.

2. To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from social, political, or private favor; as, he was ostracized by his former friends. Marvell.

Ostracoda

Os*trac"o*da (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Ostracoidea.

Ostracodermi

Os`tra*coder"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of fishes of which Ostracion is the type.

Ostracoid

Os"tra*coid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ostracoidea. -- n. One of the Ostracoidea.

Ostracoidea

Os`tra*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Entomostraca possessing hard bivalve shells. They are of small size, and swim freely about. [Written also Ostracoda.]

Ostrea

Os"tre*a (?), n. [L., an oyster.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of bivalve Mollusca which includes the true oysters.

Ostreaceous

Os`tre*a"ceous (?), a. [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an oyster, or to a shell; shelly.
The crustaceous or ostreaceous body. Cudworth.

Ostreaculture

Os"tre*a*cul`ture (?), n. The artificial cultivation of oysters.

Ostreophagist

Os`tre*oph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who feeds on oysters.

Ostrich

Os"trich (?), n. [OE. ostriche, ostrice, OF. ostruche, ostruce, F. autruche, L. avis struthio; avis bird + struthio ostrich, fr. Gr. Aviary, Struthious.] [Formerly written also estrich.] (Zo\'94l.) A large bird of the genus Struthio, of which Struthio camelus of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male is about eight feet high. &hand; The South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and the Asiatic ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable white plumes. Ostrich farm, a farm on which ostriches are bred for the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc. -- Ostrich farming, the occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers, etc. -- Ostrich fern (Bot.) a kind of fern (Onoclea Struthiopteris), the tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found in alluvial soil in Europe and North America.

Ostriferous

Os*trif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ostrifer; ostrea oyster + ferre.] Producing oysters; containing oysters.

Ostrogoth

Os"tro*goth (?), n. [L. Ostrogothi, pl. See East, and Goth.] One of the Eastern Goths. See Goth.

Ostrogothic

Os`tro*goth"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths.

Oswego tea

Os*we"go tea" (?). (Bot.) An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma), with showy, bright red, labiate flowers.

Otacoustic

Ot`a*cous"tic (?), a. [Oto- + acoustic: cf. F. otacoustique.] Assisting the sense of hearing; as, an otacoustic instrument.

Otacoustic, Otacousticon

Ot`a*cous"tic (?), Ot`a*cous"ti*con (?), n. An instrument to facilitate hearing, as an ear trumpet.

Otaheite apple

O`ta*hei"te ap"ple (?). [So named from Otaheite, or Tahiti, one of the Society Islands.] (Bot.) (a) The fruit of a Polynesian anacardiaceous tree (Spondias dulcis), also called vi-apple. It is rather larger than an apple, and the rind has a flavor of turpentine, but the flesh is said to taste like pineapples. (b) A West Indian name for a myrtaceous tree (Jambosa Malaccensis) which bears crimson berries.

Otalgia

O*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. otalgie.] (Med.) Pain in the ear; earache.

Otalgic

O*tal"gic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to otalgia. -- n. A remedy for otalgia.

Otalgy

O*tal"gy (?), n. Pain in the ear; otalgia.

Otary

O"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Otaries (#). [Gr. otarie.] (Zo\'94l.) Any eared seal.

Otheoscope

O"the*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the radoimeter. W. Crookes.

Other

Oth"er (?) conj. [See Or.] Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as either . . . or are now used). [Obs.]
Other of chalk, other of glass. Chaucer.

Other

Oth"er, pron. & a. [AS. ; akin to OS. \'be, , D. & G. ander, OHG. andar, Icel. annarr, Sw. annan, Dan. anden, Goth. an, Skr. antara: cf. L. alter; all orig. comparatives: cf. Skr. anya other. &root;180. Cf. Alter.] [Formerly other was used both as singular and plural.]

1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two.

Each of them made other for to win. Chaucer.
Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39.

2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a river.

3. Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day.

4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.]

A distaff in her other hand she had. Spenser.
&hand; Other is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc.
The one shall be taken, and the other left. Matt. xxiv. 4
And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8.
Page 1017

It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood.

To write this, or to design the other. Dryden.
It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person, in which case it may have a plural.
The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. 10.
If he is trimming, others are true. Thackeray.
Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener by than.
No other but such a one as he. Coleridge.
Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us. Is. xxvi. 13.
For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid. 1 Cor. iii. 11.
The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a preparation for this very hour. Hawthorne.
 Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] -- The other day, at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past.
Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday? No, nor t' other day. B. Jonson.

Other

Oth"er (?), adv. Otherwise. "It shall none other be." Chaucer. "If you think other." Shak.

Othergates

Oth"er*gates` (?), adv. [Other + gate way. See wards.] In another manner. [Obs.]
He would have tickled you othergates. Shak.

Otherguise, Otherguess

Oth"er*guise` (?), Oth"er*guess` (?), a. & adv. [A corruption of othergates.] Of another kind or sort; in another way. "Otherguess arguments." Berkeley.

Otherness

Oth"er*ness, n. The quality or state of being other or different; alterity; oppositeness.

Otherways

Oth"er*ways` (?), adv. See Otherwise. Tyndale.

Otherwhere

Oth"er*where` (?), adv. In or to some other place, or places; elsewhere. Milton. Tennyson.

Otherwhile, Otherwhiles

Oth"er*while` (?), Oth"er*whiles` (?), adv. At another time, or other times; sometimes; [Archaic]
Weighing otherwhiles ten pounds and more. Holland.

Otherwise

Oth"er*wise` (?), adv. [Other + wise manner.]

1. In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways; differently; contrarily. Chaucer.

Thy father was a worthy prince, And merited, alas! a better fate; But Heaven thought otherwise. Addison.

2. In other respects.

It is said, truly, that the best men otherwise are not always the best in regard of society. Hooker.

3. In different circumstances; under other conditions; as, I am engaged, otherwise I would accept. &hand; Otherwise, like so and thus, may be used as a substitute for the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc.

Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me. 2 Cor. xi. 16.
Her eyebrows . . . rather full than otherwise. Fielding.

Othman

Oth"man (?), n. & a. See Ottoman.

Otic

O"tic (?), a. [Gr. otique.] Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the ear; auricular; auditory.

Otiose

O"ti*ose` (?), a. [L. otiosus, fr. otium ease.] Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle. "Otiose assent." Paley.
The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that otiose and unAlford.

Otiosity

O`ti*os"ity (?), n. [L. otiositas.] Leisure; indolence; idleness; ease. [R.] Thackeray.

Otis

O"tis (?), n. [L., a kind of bustard, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the bustards.

Otitis

O*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the ear.

Oto-

O"to- (?). [Gr. A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near or in, the ear.

Otoba fat

O*to"ba fat` (?). (Chem.) A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of Myristica otoba, a species of nutmeg tree.

Otoconite

O*toc"o*nite (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) A mass of otoliths. (b) An otolith.

Otocrane

O"to*crane (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) The cavity in the skull in which the parts of the internal ear are lodged.

Otocranial

O`to*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the otocrane.

Otocyst

O"to*cyst (?), n. [Oto- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) An auditory cyst or vesicle; one of the simple auditory organs of many invertebrates, containing a fluid and otoliths; also, the embryonic vesicle from which the parts of the internal ear of vertebrates are developed.

Otography

O*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Oto- + -graphy.] A description of the ear.

Otolith, Otolite

O"to*lith (?), O"to*lite (?), n. [Oto- + -lith, -lite.] (Anat.) One of the small bones or particles of calcareous or other hard substance in the internal ear of vertebrates, and in the auditory organs of many invertebrates; an ear stone. Collectively, the otoliths are called ear sand and otoconite.

Otolithic, Otolitic

O`to*lith"ic (?), O`to*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to otoliths.

Otological

O`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining tootology.

Otologist

O*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in otology; an aurist.

Otology

O*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Oto- + -logy.] The branch of science which treats of the ear and its diseases.

Otopathy

O*top"a*thy (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Med.) A diseased condition of the ear.

Otorrh O`tor*rh (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A flow or running from the ear, esp. a purulent discharge.

Otoscope

O"to*scope (?), n. [Oto- + -scope.] An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.

Otoscopeic

O`to*scope"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the otoscope or to otoscopy.

Otoscopy

O*tos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The examination of the ear; the art of using the otoscope.

Otosteal

O*tos"te*al (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) An auditory ossicle. R. Owen.

Otozoum

O`to*zo"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of huge vertebrates, probably dinosaurs, known only from four-toed tracks in Triassic sandstones.

Ottar

Ot"tar (?), n. See Attar.

Ottawas

Ot"ta*was (?), n. pl.; sing. Ottawa (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore of Lake Superior.

Otter

Ot"ter (?), n. [OE. oter, AS. Otor; akin to D. & G. otter, Icel. otr, Dan. odder, Sw. utter, Lith. udra, Russ, vuidra, Gr. udra otter, and also to E. water. Water, and cf. Hydra.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris; the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South America and Asia.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines. Otter hound, Otter dog (Zo\'94l.), a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters. -- Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon. -- Otter shell (Zo\'94l.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians. -- Sea otter. (Zo\'94l.) See in the Vocabulary.

Otter

Ot"ter, n. A corruption of Annotto.

Otto

Ot"to (?), n. See Attar.

Ottoman

Ot"to*man (?), a. [F. ottoman: cf. It. ottomano, ottomanno; -- from Othoman, Othman, or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the government of Turkey about the year 1300. Cf. Osmanli, Ottoman a stuffed seat.] Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire.

Ottoman

Ot"to*man, n.; pl. Ottomans (.

1. A Turk.

2. [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.] A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.

Ottomite

Ot"to*mite (?), n. An Ottoman. [R.] Shak.

Ottrelite

Ot"trel*ite (?), n. [From Ottrez, on the borders of Luxembourg.] (Min.) A micaceous mineral occurring in small scales. It is characteristic of certain crystalline schists.

Ouakari

Oua*ka"ri (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any South American monkey of the genus Brachyurus, especially B. ouakari.

Ouanderoo

Ouan`der*oo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wanderoo.

Ouarine

Oua`rine" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian monkey of the genus Mycetes. <-- #sic. Why is genus name not italicised? -->

Oubliette

Ou`bli`ette" (?), n. [F., fr. oublier to forget, fr. (assumed) LL. oblitare, L. oblivisci, p. p. oblitus.] A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall.
Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he? Gone. Mrs. Browning.

Ouch

Ouch (?), n. [OE. ouch, nouche (a nouch being taken for an ouch: cf. Adder), fr. OF. nusche, nosche, nousche, buckle, clasp, LL. nusca, fr. OHG. nusca, nuscha.] A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or ornament worn on the person.
A precious stone in a rich ouche. Sir T. Elyot.
Your brooches, pearls, and ouches. Shak.

Oughne

Ough"ne (?), a. Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ought

Ought (?), n. & adv. See Aught.

Ought

Ought, imp., p. p., or auxiliary. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. \'behte. &root;110. See Owe.]

1. Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Obs.]

This due obedience which they ought to the king. Tyndale.
The love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman.
[He] said . . . you ought him a thousand pound. Shak.

2. Owned; possessed. [Obs.]

The knight the which that castle ought. Spenser.

3. To be bound in duty or by moral obligation.

We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. Rom. xv. 1.

4. To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; -- in this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject expressed. "Well ought us work." Chaucer.

To speak of this as it ought, would ask a volume. Milton.
Ought not Christ to have suffered these things? Luke xxiv. 26.
&hand; Ought is now chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the action or state indicated by the principal verb. Syn. -- Ought, Should. Both words imply obligation, but ought is the stronger. Should may imply merely an obligation of propriety, expendiency, etc.; ought denotes an obligation of duty.

Oughtness

Ought"ness (?), n. The state of being as a thing ought to be; rightness. [R.] N. W. Taylor.

Oughwhere

Ough"where` (?), adv. [AS. \'behw\'91r.] Anywhere; somewhere. See Owher. [Obs.]

Ouistiti

Ouis"ti*ti (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Wistit.

Oul

Oul (?), n. An awl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oul

Oul, n. An owl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oulachan

Ou"la*chan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Eulachon.

Ounce

Ounce (?), n. [F. once, fr. L. uncia a twelfth, the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot: cf. Gr. Inch, Oke.]

1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437

2. (Troy Weight) The twelfth part of a troy pound. &hand; The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty-four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight. [Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.]

3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.]

By ounces hung his locks that he had. Chaucer.
Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n.

Ounce

Ounce, n. [F. once; cf. It. lonza, Sp. onza; prob. for lonce, taken as l'once, fr. L. lynx, Gr. lyncea, from lynx. Cf. Lynx.] (Zo\'94l.) A feline quadruped (Felis irbis, ∨ uncia) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also once.

Ounded, Oundy

Ound"ed (?), Oun"dy (?), a. [F. ond\'82, -\'82e, fr. onde, L. unda, a wave.] Wavy; waving [Obs.] "Owndie hair." Chaucer.

Ounding

Ound"ing (?), vb. n. Waving. [Obs.]
Ounding, paling, winding, or bending . . . of cloth. Chaucer.

Ouphe

Ouphe (?), n. [See Auf.] A fairy; a goblin; an elf. [Obs.] "Like urchins, ouphes, and fairies." Shak.

Ouphen

Ouph"en (?), a. Elfish. [Obs.]

Our

Our (?), possessive pron. [AS. our, of us; akin to us, to us, and to G. unser our, of us, Goth. unsara. &root;186 See Us.] Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; as, our country; our rights; our troops; our endeavors. See I.
The Lord is our defense. Ps. lxxxix. 18.
&hand; When the noun is not expressed, ours is used in the same way as hers for her, yours for your, etc.; as, whose house is that? It is ours.
Our wills are ours, we known not how. Tennyson.

-our

-our (?). [OF. -our.] See -or.

Ourang

Ou*rang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The orang-outang.

Ourang-outang

Ou*rang"-ou*tang` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Orang-outang.

Ouranographist

Ou`ra*nog"ra*phist (?), n. See Uranographist.

Ouranography

Ou`ra*nog"ra*phy (?), n. See Uranography.

Ourebi

Ou"re*bi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, graceful, and swift African antelope, allied to the klipspringer.

Ouretic

Ou*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. Uretic.] (Chem.) Uric.

Ourology

Ou*rol"o*gy (?), n. See Urology.

Ouroscopy

Ou*ros"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] Ourology.

Ours

Ours (?), possessive pron. See Note under Our.

Ourselves

Our*selves" (?), pron.; sing. Ourself (we; also, alone in the predicate, in the nominative or the objective case.
We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal further then we usually do. Locke.
Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand. Dryden.
&hand; The form ourself is usec only in the regal or formal style after we or us, denoting a single person.
Unless we would denude ourself of all force. Clarendon.

-ous

-ous (?). [OF. -ous, us, -os, F. -eux, fr. L. -osus, and -us. Cf. -ose.]

1. An adjective suffix meaning full of, abounding in, having, possessing the qualities of, like; as in gracious, abounding in grace; arduous, full of ardor; bulbous, having bulbs, bulblike; riotous, poisonous, piteous, joyous, etc.

2. (Chem.) A suffix denoting that the element indicated by the name bearing it, has a valence lower than that denoted by the termination -ic; as, nitrous, sulphurous, etc., as contrasted with nitric, sulphuric, etc.

Page 1018

Ouse

Ouse (?), n. & v. See Ooze. [Obs.]

Ousel

Ou"sel (?), n. [OE. osel, AS. ; akin to G. amsel, OHG. amsala, and perh. to L. merula blackbird. Cf. Merle, Amsel.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of European thrushes, especially the blackbird (Merula merula, or Turdus merula), and the mountain or ring ousel (Turdus torquatus). [Written also ouzel.] Rock ousel (Zo\'94l.), the ring ousel. -- Water ousel (Zo\'94l.), the European dipper (Cinclus aquaticus), and the American dipper (C. Mexicanus).

Oust

Oust (?), n. See Oast.

Oust

Oust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ousted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ousting.] [OF. oster, F. \'93ter, prob. fr. L. obstare to oppose, hence, to forbid, take away. See Obstacle, and cf. Ouster.]

1. To take away; to remove.

Multiplication of actions upon the case were rare, formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted. Sir M. Hale.

2. To eject; to turn out. Blackstone.

From mine own earldom foully ousted me. Tennyson.

Ouster

Oust"er (?), n. [Prob. fr. the OF. infin. oster, used substantively. See Oust.] A putting out of possession; dispossession; ejection; disseizin.
Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance, or deforcement. Blackstone.
Ouster le main. [Ouster + F. la main the hand, L. manus.] (Law) A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the king's hands, or a judgement given for that purpose. Blackstone.

Out

Out (?), adv. [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. , and , , fr. ; akin to D. uit, OS. , G. aus, OHG. -, Icel. , Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. About, But, prep., Carouse, Utter, a.] In its original and strict sense, out means from the interior of something; beyond the limits or boundary of somethings; in a position or relation which is exterior to something; -- opposed to in or into. The something may be expressed after of, from, etc. (see Out of, below); or, if not expressed, it is implied; as, he is out; or, he is out of the house, office, business, etc.; he came out; or, he came out from the ship, meeting, sect, party, etc. Out is used in a variety of applications, as: --

1. Away; abroad; off; from home, or from a certain, or a usual, place; not in; not in a particular, or a usual, place; as, the proprietor is out, his team was taken out. "My shoulder blade is out." Shak.

He hath been out (of the country) nine years. Shak.

2. Beyond the limits of concealment, confinement, privacy, constraint, etc., actual of figurative; hence, not in concealment, constraint, etc., in, or into, a state of freedom, openness, disclosure, publicity, etc.; as, the sun shines out; he laughed out, to be out at the elbows; the secret has leaked out, or is out; the disease broke out on his face; the book is out.

Leaves are out and perfect in a month. Bacon.
She has not been out [in general society] very long. H. James.

3. Beyond the limit of existence, continuance, or supply; to the end; completely; hence, in, or into, a condition of extinction, exhaustion, completion; as, the fuel, or the fire, has burned out. "Hear me out." Dryden.

Deceitiful men shall not live out half their days. Ps. iv. 23.
When the butt is out, we will drink water. Shak.

4. Beyond possession, control, or occupation; hence, in, or into, a state of want, loss, or deprivation; -- used of office, business, property, knowledge, etc.; as, the Democrats went out and the Whigs came in; he put his money out at interest. "Land that is out at rack rent." Locke. "He was out fifty pounds." Bp. Fell.

I have forgot my part, and I am out. Shak.

5. Beyond the bounds of what is true, reasonable, correct, proper, common, etc.; in error or mistake; in a wrong or incorrect position or opinion; in a state of disagreement, opposition, etc.; in an inharmonious relation. "Lancelot and I are out." Shak.

Wicked men are strangely out in the calculating of their own interest. South.
Very seldom out, in these his guesses. Addison.

6. Not in the position to score in playing a game; not in the state or turn of the play for counting or gaining scores. &hand; Out is largely used in composition as a prefix, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as outbound, outbreak, outbuilding, outcome, outdo, outdoor, outfield. See also the first Note under Over, adv. Day in, day out, from the beginning to the limit of each of several days; day by day; every day. -- Out and out. (a) adv. Completely; wholly; openly. (b) adj. Without any reservation or disguise; absolute; as, an out and out villain. [As an adj. written also out-and-out.] -- Out at, Out in, Out on, etc., elliptical phrases, that to which out refers as a source, origin, etc., being omitted; as, out (of the house and) at the barn; out (of the house, road, fields, etc., and) in the woods.

Three fishers went sailing out into the west, Out into the west, as the sun went down. C. Kingsley.
In these lines after out may be understood, "of the harbor," "from the shore," "of sight," or some similar phrase. The complete construction is seen in the saying: "Out of the frying pan into the fire." -- Out from, a construction similar to out of (below). See Of and From. Out of, a phrase which may be considered either as composed of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, from the interior of; beyond the limit: from; hence, origin, source, motive, departure, separation, loss, etc.; -- opposed to in or into; also with verbs of being, the state of being derived, removed, or separated from. Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also under Vocabulary words; as, out of breath; out of countenance. Out of cess, beyond measure, excessively. Shak. -- Out of character, unbecoming; improper. -- Out of conceit with, not pleased with. See under Conceit. -- Out of date, not timely; unfashionable; antiquated. -- Out of door, Out of doors, beyond the doors; from the house; in, or into, the open air; hence, figuratively, shut out; dismissed. See under Door, also, Out-of-door, Outdoor, Outdoors, in the Vocabulary. "He 's quality, and the question's out of door," Dryden. -- Out of favor, disliked; under displeasure. -- Out of frame, not in correct order or condition; irregular; disarranged. Latimer. -- Out of hand, immediately; without delay or preparation. "Ananias . . . fell down and died out of hand." Latimer.<-- most often seen in "dismiss out of hand" --> -- Out of harm's way, beyond the danger limit; in a safe place. -- Out of joint, not in proper connection or adjustment; unhinged; disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak. -- Out of mind, not in mind; forgotten; also, beyond the limit of memory; as, time out of mind. -- Out of one's head, beyond commanding one's mental powers; in a wandering state mentally; delirious. [Colloq.] -- Out of one's time, beyond one's period of minority or apprenticeship. -- Out of order, not in proper order; disarranged; in confusion. -- Out of place, not in the usual or proper place; hence, not proper or becoming. -- Out of pocket, in a condition of having expended or lost more money than one has received. -- Out of print, not in market, the edition printed being exhausted; -- said of books, pamphlets, etc. -- Out of the question, beyond the limits or range of consideration; impossible to be favorably considered. -- Out of reach, beyond one's reach; inaccessible. -- Out of season, not in a proper season or time; untimely; inopportune. -- Out of sorts, wanting certain things; unsatisfied; unwell; unhappy; cross. See under Sort, n. -- Out of temper, not in good temper; irritated; angry. -- Out of time, not in proper time; too soon, or too late. -- Out of time, not in harmony; discordant; hence, not in an agreeing temper; fretful. -- Out of twist, winding, ∨ wind, not in warped condition; perfectly plain and smooth; -- said of surfaces. -- Out of use, not in use; unfashionable; obsolete. -- Out of the way. (a) On one side; hard to reach or find; secluded. (b) Improper; unusual; wrong. -- Out of the woods, not in a place, or state, of obscurity or doubt; free from difficulty or perils; safe. [Colloq.] -- Out to out, from one extreme limit to another, including the whole length, breadth, or thickness; -- applied to measurements. -- Out West, in or towards, the West; specifically, in some Western State or Territory. [U. S.] -- To come out, To cut out, To fall out, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, etc. -- To put out of the way, to kill; to destroy. -- Week in, week out. See Day in, day out (above).

Out

Out (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office; -- generally in the plural.

2. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space; -- chiefly used in the phrase ins and outs; as, the ins and outs of a question. See under In.

3. (Print.) A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission. To make an out (Print.), to omit something, in setting or correcting type, which was in the copy.

Out

Out, v. t.

1. To cause to be out; to eject; to expel.

A king outed from his country. Selden.
The French have been outed of their holds. Heylin.

2. To come out with; to make known. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To give out; to dispose of; to sell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Out

Out, v. i. To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public. "Truth will out." Shak.

Out

Out, interj. Expressing impatience, anger, a desire to be rid of; -- with the force of command; go out; begone; away; off.
Out, idle words, servants to shallow fools ! Shak.
Out upon ∨ on! equivalent to "shame upon!" "away with!" as, out upon you!

Outact

Out*act" (?), v. t. To do or beyond; to exceed in acting. [R.]
He has made me heir to treasures Would make me outact a real window's whining. Otway.

Outagamies

Ou"ta*gam`ies (?), n. pl.; sing. Outagamie (. (Ethnol.) See lst Fox, 7.

Outargue

Out*ar"gue (?), v. t. To surpass or conquer in argument.

Outbabble

Out*bab"ble (?), v. t. To utter foolishly or excessively; to surpass in babbling. [R.] Milton.

Outbalance

Out*bal"ance (?), v. t. To outweight; to exceed in weight or effect.
Let dull Ajax bear away my right When all his days outbalance this one night. Dryden.

Outbar

Out*bar" (?), v. t. To bar out. [R.] Spenser.

Outbeg

Out*beg" (?), v. t. To surpass in begging. [R.]

Outbid

Out*bid" (?), v. t. [imp. Outbid or Outbade (p. p. Outbid or Outbidden (p. pr. & vb. n. Outbidding.] To exceed or surpass in bidding.
Prevent the greedy, and outbid the bold. Pope.

Outbidder

Out*bid"der (?), n. One who outbids. Johnson.

Outbleat

Out*bleat" (?), v. t. To surpass in bleating.

Outblown

Out"blown` (?), a. Inflated with wind. Dryden.

Outblush

Out*blush" (?), v. t. To exceed in blushing; to surpass in rosy color. T. Shipman.

Outboard

Out"board` (?), a. & adv. (Naut.) Beyond or outside of the lines of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; in a direction from the hull or from the keel; -- opposed to inboard; as, outboard rigging; swing the davits outboard.

Outborn

Out"born` (?), a. Foreign; not native. [R.]

Outbound

Out"bound` (?), a. Outward bound. Dryden.

Outbounds

Out"bounds` (?), n. pl. The farthest or exterior bounds; extreme limits; boundaries. Spenser.

Outbow

Out*bow" (?), v. t. To excel in bowing. Young.

Outbowed

Out"bowed` (?), a. Convex; curved outward. "The convex or outbowed side of a vessel." Bp. Hall.

Outbrag

Out*brag" (?), v. t. To surpass in bragging; hence, to make appear inferior.
Whose bare outbragg'd the web it seemed to wear. Shak.

Outbrave

Out*brave" (?), v. t.

1. To excel in bravery o

2. To excel in magnificence or comeliness.

The basest weed outbraves his dignity. Shak.

Outbray

Out*bray" (?), v. t.

1. To exceed in braying.

2. To emit with great noise. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Outbrazen

Out*bra"zen (?), v. t. To bear down with a brazen face; to surpass in impudence. T. Brown.

Outbreak

Out"break` (?), n. A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection. "Mobs and outbreaks." J. H. Newman.
The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shak.

Outbreaking

Out"break`ing, n.

1. The act of breaking out.

2. That which bursts forth.

Outbreast

Out*breast" (?), v. t. To surpass in singing. See Breast, n., 6. [Obs.]

Outbreathe

Out*breathe" (?), v. t.

1. To breathe forth. "Outbreathed life." Spenser.

2. To cause to be out of breath; to exhaust. Shak.

Outbreathe

Out*breathe", v. i. To issue, as breath; to be breathed out; to exhale. Beau. & Fl.

Outbribe

Out*bribe" (?), v. t. To surpass in bribing.

Outbring

Out*bring" (?), v. t. To bring or bear out.

Outbud

Out*bud" (?), v. i. To sprout. [Poetic] Spenser.

Outbuild

Out*build" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outbuilt (?) or Outbuilded; p. pr. & vb. n. Outbuilding.] To exceed in building, or in durability of building.

Outbuilding

Out"build`ing (?), n. A building separate from, and subordinate to, the main house; an outhouse.

Outburn

Out*burn", v. t. & i.

1. To exceed in burning.

2. To burn entirely; to be consumed. Shak.

Outburst

Out"burst` (?), n. A bursting forth.

Outcant

Out*cant" (?), v. t. To surpass in canting. Pope.

Outcast

Out"cast` (?), a. [Cf. Sw. utkasta to cast out.] Cast out; degraded. "Outcast, rejected." Longfellow.

Outcast

Out"cast`, n.

1. One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home, society, or country; hence, often, a degraded person; a vagabond.

The Lord . . . gathereth together the outcasts of Israel. Ps. cxlvii. 2.

2. A quarrel; a contention. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Outcasting

Out"cast`ing, n. That which is cast out. [Obs.]

Outcept

Out*cept" (?), prep. Except. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Outcheat

Out*cheat" (?), v. t. To exceed in cheating.

Outclimb

Out*climb" (?), v. t. To climb bevond; to surpass in climbing. Davenant.

Outcome

Out"come (?), n. That which comes out of, or follows from, something else; issue; result; consequence; upshot. "The logical outcome." H. Spenser.
All true literature, all genuine poetry, is the direct outcome, the condensed essence, of actual life and thougth. J. C. Shairp.

Outcompass

Out*com"pass (?), v. t. To exceed the compass or limits of. Bacon.

Outcourt

Out"court` (?), n. An outer or exterior court.
The skirts and outcourts of heaven. South.

Outcrafty

Out*craft"y (?), v. t. To exceed in cunning. [R.] Shak.

Outcrier

Out"cri`er (?), n. One who cries out or proclaims; a herald or crier.

Outcrop

Out"crop` (?), n. (Geol.) (a) The coming out of a stratum to the surface of the ground. Lyell. (b) That part of inclined strata which appears at the surface; basset.

Outcrop

Out*crop" (?), v. i. (Geol.) To come out to the surface of the ground; -- said of strata.

Outcry

Out"cry` (?), n.

1. A vehement or loud cry; a cry of distress, alarm, opposition, or detestation; clamor.

2. Sale at public auction. Massinger. Thackeray.

Outdare

Out*dare" (?), v. t. To surpass in daring; to overcome by courage; to brave. Shak. R. Browning.

Outdated

Out*dat"ed (?), a. Being out of date; antiquated. [Obs.] Hammond.

Outdazzle

Out*daz"zle (?), v. t. To surpass in dazzing.

Outdo

Out*do" (?), v. t. [imp. Outdid (?); p. p. Outdone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outdoing.] To go beyond in performance; to excel; to surpass.
An imposture outdoes the original. L' Estrange.
I grieve to be outdone by Gay. Swift.

Outdoor

Out"door` (?), a. [For out of door.] Being, or done, in the open air; being or done outside of certain buildings, as poorhouses, hospitals, etc.; as, outdoor exercise; outdoor relief; outdoor patients.

Outdoors

Out"doors` (?), adv. Abread; out of the house; out of doors.

Outdraw

Out*draw" (?), v. t. To draw out; to extract. [R.] "He must the teeth outdraw." Gower.

Outdream

Out*dream" (?), v. t. To pass, or escape, while dreaming. "To oultdream dangers." Beau. & Fl.

Outdrink

Out*drink" (?), v. t. To exceed in drinking.

Outdure

Out*dure" (?), v. t. To outlast. [Obs.]

Outdwell

Out*dwell" (?), v. t. To dwell or stay beyond. [Poetic] "He outdwells his hour." Shak.

Outdweller

Out"dwell`er (?), n. One who holds land in a parish, but lives elsewhere. [Eng.]

Outer

Out"er (?), a. [Compar. of Out.] [AS. , compar. of , adv., out. See Out, Utter, a.] Being on the outside; external; farthest or farther from the interior, from a given station, or from any space or position regarded as a center or starting place; -- opposed to inner; as, the outer wall; the outer court or gate; the outer stump in cricket; the outer world. Outer bar, in England, the body of junior (or utter) barristers; -- so called because in court they occupy a place beyond the space reserved for Queen's counsel.

Outer

Out"er, n. (a) The part of a target which is beyond the circles surrounding the bull's-eye. (b) A shot which strikes the outer of a target.

Outer

Out"er, n. [From Out, v.] One who puts out, ousts, or expels; also, an ouster; dispossession. [R.]

Outerly

Out"er*ly, adv.

1. Utterly; entirely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Toward the outside. [R.] Grew.

Outermost

Out"er*most` (?), a. [See Uttermost, Utmost, and cf. Outmost.] Being on the extreme external part; farthest outward; as, the outermost row. Boyle.
Page 1019

Outface

Out*face" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outfaced (?); p pr. & vb. n. Outfacing (?).] To face or look (one) out of countenance; to resist or bear down by bold looks or effrontery; to brave. Shak.
Having outfaced all the world. South.

Outfall

Out"fall` (?), n.

1. The mouth of a river; the lower end of a water course; the open end of a drain, culvert, etc., where the discharge occurs.

2. A quarrel; a falling out. [Prov. Eng.]

Outfangthef

Out*fang"thef (?), n. [AS. . See Out, Fang, v. t., and Thief.] (Anglo-Saxon & O. Eng. Law) (a) A thief from without or abroad, taken within a lord's fee or liberty. (b) The privilege of trying such a thief. Burrill.

Outfawn

Out*fawn" (?), v. t. To exceed in fawning.

Outfeast

Out*feast" (?), v. t. To exceed in feasting.

Outfeat

Out*feat" (?), v. t. To surpass in feats.

Outfield

Out"field` (?), n.

1. Arable land which has been or is being exhausted. See Infield, 1. [Scot.]

2. A field beyond, or separated from, the inclosed land about the homestead; an uninclosed or unexplored tract. Also used figuratively.

The great outfield of thought or fact. Trench.

3. (Baseball) The part of the field beyond the diamond, or infield. It is occupied by the fielders.

4. (Cricket) The part of the field farthest from the batsman.

Outfit

Out"fit (?), n. A fitting out, or equipment, as of a ship for a voyage, or of a person for an expedition in an unoccupied region or residence in a foreign land; things required for equipment; the expense of, or allowance made for, equipment, as by the government of the United States to a diplomatic agent going abroad.

Outfitter

Out"fit`ter (?), n. One who furnishes outfits for a voyage, a journey, or a business.

Outflank

Out*flank" (?), v. t. (Mil.) To go beyond, or be superior to, on the flank; to pass around or turn the flank or flanks of.

Outflatter

Out*flat"ter (?), v. t. To exceed in flattering.

Outfling

Out"fling`, n. A gibe; a contemptuous remark.

Outflow

Out"flow` (?), n. A flowing out; efflux.

Outflow

Out*flow" (?), v. i. To flow out. Campbell.

Outfly

Out*fly" (?), v. t. [imp. Outflew (?); p. p. Outflown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outflying.] To surpass in flying; to fly beyond or faster than. Shak.
Winged with fear outflies the wind. Waller.

Outfool

Out*fool", v. t. To exceed in folly. [R.] Young.

Outform

Out"form (?), n. External appearance. [Obs.]

Outfrown

Out*frown" (?), v. t. To frown down; to overbear by frowning. Shak.

Outgate

Out"gate` (?), n. An outlet. [Obs.] Spenser.

Outgaze

Out*gaze" (?), v. t. To gaze beyond; to exceed in sharpness or persistence of seeing or of looking; hence, to stare out of countenance.

Outgeneral

Out*gen"er*al (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outgeneraled (?) or Outgeneralled; p. pr. & vb. n. Outgeneraling or Outgeneralling.] To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior military skill or executive ability; to outmaneuver. Chesterfield.

Outgive

Out*give" (?), v. t. To surpass in giving. Dryden.

Outgo

Out*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Outwent (?); p. p. Outgone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outgoing.]

1. To go beyond; to exceed in swiftness; to surpass; to outdo.

2. To circumvent; to overreach. [Obs.] Denham.

Outgo

Out"go` (?), n.; pl. Outgoes (. That which goes out, or is paid out; outlay; expenditure; -- the opposite of income. Lowell.

Outgoer

Out"go`er (?), n. One who goes out or departs.

Outgoing

Out"go`ing, n.

1. The act or the state of going out.

The outgoings of the morning and evening. Ps. lxv. 8.

2. That which goes out; outgo; outlay.

3. The extreme limit; the place of ending. [Obs.]

The outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea, at the south end of Jordan. Josh. xviii. 19.

Outgoing

Out"go`ing, a. Going out; departing; as, the outgoing administration; an outgoing steamer.

Outground

Out"ground` (?), n. Ground situated at a distance from the house; outlying land.

Outgrow

Out*grow" (?), v. t. [imp. Outgrew (?); p. p. Outgrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outgrowing.]

1. To surpass in growing; to grow more than. Shak.

2. To grow out of or away from; to grow too large, or too aged, for; as, to outgrow clothing; to outgrow usefulness; to outgrow an infirmity.

Outgrowth

Out"growth` (?), n. That which grows out of, or proceeds from, anything; an excrescence; an offshoot; hence, a result or consequence.

Outguard

Out"guard` (?), n. (Mil.) A guard or small body of troops at a distance from the main body of an army, to watch for the approach of an enemy; hence, anything for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be defended.

Outgush

Out"gush` (?), n. A pouring out; an outburst.
A passionate outgush of emotion. Thackeray.

Outgush

Out*gush" (?), v. i. To gush out; to flow forth.

Outhaul

Out"haul` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used for hauling out a sail upon a spar; -- opposite of inhaul.

Outhess

Out*hess" (?), n. [Cf. LL. uthesium, hutesium, huesium, OF. hueis, and E. hue, in hue and cry.] Outcry; alarm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Outher

Outh"er (?), conj. Other. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Out-Herod

Out-Her"od (?), v. t. To surpass (Herod) in violence or wickedness; to exceed in any vicious or offensive particular. "It out-Herods Herod." Shak.
Out-Heroding the preposterous fashions of the times. Sir W. Scott.

Outhire

Out*hire" (?), v. t. To hire out. [Obs.] Spenser.

Outhouse

Out"house` (?), n. A small house or building at a little distance from the main house; an outbuilding.

Outing

Out"ing, n.

1. The act of going out; an airing; an excursion; as, a summer outing.

2. A feast given by an apprentice when he is out of his time. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Outjest

Out*jest" (?), v. t. To surpass in jesting; to drive out, or away, by jesting. [R.] Shak.

Outjet

Out"jet` (?), n. That which jets out or projects from anything. [R.] H. Miller.

Outjuggle

Out*jug"gle (?), v. t. To surpass in juggling.

Outkeeper

Out"keep`er (?), n. (Surv.) An attachment to a surveyor's compass for keeping tally in chaining.

Outknave

Out*knave" (?), v. t. To surpass in knavery.

Outlabor

Out*la"bor (?), v. t. To surpass in laboring.

Outland

Out"land (?), a. [Out + land. See Outlandish.] Foreign; outlandish. [Obs.] Strutt.

Outlander

Out"land*er (?), n. A foreigner. Wood.

Outlandish

Out*land"ish (?), a. [AS. foreign. See Out, Land, and -ish.]

1. Foreign; not native.

Him did outlandish women cause to sin. Neh. xiii. 26.
Its barley water and its outlandish wines. G. W. Cable.

2. Hence: Not according with usage; strange; rude; barbarous; uncouth; clownish; as, an outlandish dress, behavior, or speech.

Something outlandish, unearthy, or at variance with ordinary fashion. Hawthorne.
--Out*land"ish*ly, adv. -- Out*land"ish*ness, n.

Outlast

Out*last" (?), v. t. To exceed in duration; to survive; to endure longer than. Milton.

Outlaugh

Out*laugh" (?), v. t.

1. To surpass or outdo in laughing. Dryden.

2. To laugh (one) out of a purpose, principle, etc.; to discourage or discomfit by laughing; to laugh down. [R.]

His apprehensions of being outlaughed will force him to continue in a restless obscurity. Franklin.

Outlaw

Out"law` (?), n. [AS. , . See Out, and Law.] A person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its protection. Blackstone.

Outlaw

Out"law`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outlawing.] [AS. .]

1. To deprive of the benefit and protection of law; to declare to be an outlaw; to proscribe. Blackstone.

2. To remove from legal jurisdiction or enforcement; as, to outlaw a debt or claim; to deprive of legal force. "Laws outlawed by necessity." Fuller.

Outlawry

Out"law`ry (?), n.; pl. Outlawries (.

1. The act of outlawing; the putting a man out of the protection of law, or the process by which a man (as an absconding criminal) is deprived of that protection.

2. The state of being an outlaw.

Outlay

Out*lay" (?), v. t. To lay out; to spread out; to display. [R.] Drayton.

Outlay

Out"lay` (?), n.

1. A laying out or expending.

2. That which is expended; expenditure.

3. An outlying haunt. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Outleap

Out*leap" (?), v. t. To surpass in leaping.

Outleap

Out"leap` (?), n. A sally. [R.] Locke.

Outlearn

Out*learn" (?), v. t.

1. To excel or surpass in learing.

2. To learn out [i. e., completely, utterly]; to exhaust knowledge of.

Naught, according to his mind, He could outlearn. Spenser.
Men and gods have not outlearned it [love]. Emerson.

Outlet

Out"let` (?), n. The place or opening by which anything is let out; a passage out; an exit; a vent.
Receiving all, and having no outlet. Fuller.

Outlet

Out*let" (?), v. t. To let out; to emit. [R.] Daniel.

Outlie

Out*lie" (?), v. t. To exceed in lying. Bp. Hall.

Outlier

Out"li`er (?), n.

1. One who does not live where his office, or business, or estate, is. Bentley.

2. That which lies, or is, away from the main body.

3. (Geol.) A part of a rock or stratum lying without, or beyond, the main body, from which it has been separated by denudation.

Outlimb

Out"limb` (?), n, An extreme member or part of a thing; a limb. [Obs.] Fuller.

Outline

Out"line` (?), n.

1. (a) The line which marks the outer limits of an object or figure; the exterior line or edge; contour. (b) In art: A line drawn by pencil, pen, graver, or the like, by which the boundary of a figure is indicated. (c) A sketch composed of such lines; the delineation of a figure without shading.

Painters, by their outlines, colors, lights, and shadows, represent the same in their pictures. Dryden.

2. Fig.: A sketch of any scheme; a preliminary or general indication of a plan, system, course of thought, etc.; as, the outline of a speech.

But that larger grief . . . Is given in outline and no more. Tennyson.
Syn. -- Sketch; draught; delineation. See Sketch.

Outline

Out"line`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outlining.]

1. To draw the outline of.

2. Fig.: To sketch out or indicate as by an outline; as, to outline an argument or a campaign.

Outlinear

Out*lin"e*ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to an outline; being in, or forming, an outline. Trench.

Outlive

Out*live" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outliving.] To live beyond, or longer than; to survive.
They live too long who happiness outlive. Dryden.

Outliver

Out*liv"er (?), n. One who outlives. [R.]

Outlook

Out*look" (?), v. t.

1. To face down; to outstare.

To outlook conquest, and to win renown. Shak.

2. To inspect throughly; to select. [Obs.] Cotton.

Outlook

Out"look`, n.

1. The act of looking out; watch.

2. One who looks out; also, the place from which one looks out; a watchower. Lyon Playfair.

3. The view obtained by one looking out; scope of vision; prospect; sight; appearance.

Applause Which owes to man's short outlook all its charms. Young.

Outloose

Out"loose` (?), n. A loosing from; an escape; an outlet; an evasion. [Obs.]
That "whereas" gives me an outloose. Selden.

Outlope

Out"lope (?), n. An excursion. [Obs.] Florio.

Outluster, Outlustre

Out*lus"ter, Out*lus"tre (?), v. t. To excel in brightness or luster. Shak.

Outlying

Out"ly`ing (?), a. Lying or being at a distance from the central part, or the main body; being on, or beyond, the frontier; exterior; remote; detached.

Outmaneuver, Outman\'d2uvre

Out`ma*neu"ver, Out`ma*n\'d2u"vre (?), v. t. To surpass, or get an advantage of, in maneuvering; to outgeneral.

Outmantle

Out*man"tle (?), v. t. To excel in mantling; hence, to excel in splendor, as of dress. [R.]
And with poetic trappings grace thy prose, Till it outmantle all the pride of verse. Cowper.

Outmarch

Out*march" (?), v. t. To surpass in marching; to march faster than, or so as to leave behind.

Outmeasure

Out*meas"ure (?), v. t. To exceed in measure or extent; to measure more than. Sir T. Browne.

Outmost

Out"most` (?), a. [OE. outemest, utmest, AS. , a superl. fr. out. See Out, Utmost, and cf. Outermost.] Farthest from the middle or interior; farthest outward; outermost.

Outmount

Out*mount" (?), v. t. To mount above. [R.]

Outname

Out*name" (?), v. t.

1. To exceed in naming or describing. [R.]

2. To exceed in name, fame, or degree. [Obs.]

And found out one to outname thy other faults. Beau. & Fl.

Outness

Out"ness (?), n.

1. The state of being out or beyond; separateness.

2. (Metaph.) The state or quality of being distanguishable from the perceiving mind, by being in space, and possessing marerial quality; externality; objectivity.

The outness of the objects of sense. Sir W. Hamiltom.

Outnoise

Out*noise" (?), v. t. To exceed in noise; to surpass in noisiness. [R.] Fuller.

Outnumber

Out*num"ber (?), v. t. To exceed in number.

Out-of-door

Out`-of-door" (?), a. Being out of the house; being, or done, in the open air; outdoor; as, out-of-door exercise. See Out of door, under Out, adv.
Amongst out-of-door delights. G. Eliot.

Out-of-the-way

Out`-of-the-way", a. See under Out, adv.

Outpace

Out*pace" (?) v. t. [Cf. Outpass.] To outgo; to move faster than; to leave behind. [R.] Lamb.

Outparamour

Out*par"a*mour (?), v. t. To exceed in the number of mistresses. [R.] Shak.

Outparish

Out"par`ish (?), n. A parish lying without the walls of, or in a remote part of, a town. Graunt.

Outpart

Out"part` (?), n. An outlying part. [R.] Ayliffe.

Outpass

Out*pass" (?), v. t. [Cf. Outpace.] To pass beyond; to exceed in progress.

Outpassion

Out*pas"sion (?), v. t. To exceed in passion.

Out-patient

Out"-pa`tient (?), n. A patient who is outside a hospital, but receives medical aid from it.

Outpeer

Out*peer" (?), v. t. To excel. [R.] Shak.

Outplay

Out*play" (?), v. t. To excel or defeat in a game; to play better than; as, to be outplayed in tennis or ball.

Outpoise

Out*poise" (?), v. t. To outweigh. Howell.

Outport

Out"port` (?), n. A harbor or port at some distance from the chief town or seat of trade. Macaulay.

Outpost

Out"post` (?), n. (Mil.) (a) A post or station without the limits of a camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army, for observation of the enemy. (b) The troops placed at such a station.

Outpour

Out*pour" (?), v. t. To pour out. Milton.

Outpour

Out"pour`, n. A flowing out; a free discharge.

Outpower

Out*pow"er (?), v. t. To excel in power; to overpover. [Obs.] Fuller.

Outpray

Out*pray" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in prayer.

Outpreach

Out*preach" (?), v. t. To surpass in preaching.
And for a villain's quick conversion A pillory can outpreach a parson. Trumbull.

Outprize

Out*prize" (?), v. t. To prize beyong value, or in excess; to exceed in value. [Obs.] Shak.

Output

Out"put` (?), n.

1. The amount of coal or ore put out from one or more mines, or the quantity of material produced by, or turned out from, one or more furnaces or mills, in a given time.

2. (Physiol.) That which is thrown out as products of the metabolic activity of the body; the egesta other than the f\'91ces. See Income. &hand; The output consists of: (a) The respiratory products of the lungs, skin, and alimentary canal, consisting chiefly of carbonic acid and water with small quantities of hydrogen and carbureted hydrogen. (b) Perspiration, consisting chiefly of water and salts. (c) The urine, which is assumed to contain all the nitrogen truly excreted by the body, besides a large quantity of saline matters and water. Foster.

Outquench

Out*quench" (?), v. t. To quench entirely; to extinguish. "The candlelight outquenched." Spenser.

Outrage

Out*rage" (?), v. t. [Out + rage.] To rage in excess of. [R.] Young.

Outrage

Out"rage (?), n. [F. outrage; OF. outre, oltre, beyond (F. outre, L. ultra) + -age, as, in courage, voyage. See Ulterior.]

1. Injurious violence or wanton wrong done to persons or things; a gross violation of right or decency; excessive abuse; wanton mischief; gross injury. Chaucer.

He wrought great outrages, wasting all the country. Spenser.

2. Excess; luxury. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Affront; insult; abuse. See Affront.

Outrage

Out"rage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outragen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outraging (?).] [F. outrager. See Outrage, n.]

1. To commit outrage upon; to subject to outrage; to treat with violence or excessive abuse.

Base and insolent minds outrage men when they have hope of doing it without a return. Atterbury.
This interview outrages all decency. Broome.

2. Specifically, to violate; to commit an indecent assault upon (a female).

Outrage

Out"rage, v. t. To be guilty of an outrage; to act outrageously.

Outrageous

Out*ra"geous (?), a. [OF. outrageus, F. outrageux. See Outrage, n.] Of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right, reason, or decency; involving or doing an outrage; furious; violent; atrocious. "Outrageous weeping." Chaucer. "The most outrageous villainies." Sir P. Sidney. "The vile, outrageous crimes." Shak. "Outrageous panegyric." Dryden.
Page 1020

Syn. -- Violent; furious; exorbitant; excessive; atrocious; monstrous; wanton; nefarious; heinous. -- Out*ra"geous*ly (#), adv. -- Out*ra"geous*ness, n.

Outrance

Ou`trance" (?), n. [F. See Outr\'90.] The utmost or last extremity. Combat \'85 outrance, a fight to the end, or to the death.

Outrank

Out*rank" (?), v. t. To exceed in rank; hence, to take precedence of.

Outray

Out*ray" (?), v. t. To outshine. [R.] Skelton.

Outray

Out*ray", v. i. To spread out in array. [Obs.]
And now they outray to your fleet. Chapman.

Outraye

Out*raye" (?), v. i. See Outrage, v. i. [Obs.]
This warn I you, that ye not suddenly Out of yourself for no woe should outraye. Chaucer.

Outraze

Out*raze" (?), v. t. To obliterate. [Obs.] Sandys.

Outr\'82

Ou`tr\'82" (?), a. [F., p. p. of outrer to exaggerate, fr. L. ultra beyond. See Outrage.] Being out of the common course or limits; extravagant; bizarre.

Outreach

Out*reach" (?), v. t. To reach beyond.

Outreason

Out*rea"son (?), v. t. To excel or surpass in reasoning; to reason better than. South.

Outreckon

Out*reck"on (?), v. t. To exceed in reckoning or computation. Bp. Pearson.

Outrecuidance

Ou`tre*cui`dance" (?), n. [F., fr. outre beyond + cuider to think, L. cogitare.] Excessive presumption. [R.] B. Jonson.

Outrede

Out*rede" (?), v. t. To surpass in giving rede, or counsel. [Obs.] See Atrede. Chaucer.

Outreign

Out*reign" (?), v. t. To go beyond in reigning; to reign through the whole of, or longer than. [R.] Spenser.

Outride

Out*ride" (?), v. t. To surpass in speed of riding; to ride beyond or faster than. Shak.

Outride

Out"ride`, n.

1. A riding out; an excursion. [R.]

2. A place for riding out. [R.]

Outrider

Out"rid`er (?), n.

1. A summoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff. [Obs.]

2. One who rides out on horseback. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A servant on horseback attending a carriage.

Outrigger

Out"rig`ger (?), n.

1. Any spar or projecting timber run out for temporary use, as from a ship's mast, to hold a rope or a sail extended, or from a building, to support hoisting teckle.

2. (Naut.) (a) A projecting support for a rowlock, extended from the side of a boat. (b) A boat thus equipped. (c) A projecting contrivance at the side of a boat to prevent upsetting, as projecting spars with a log at the end.

Outright

Out"right` (?), adv.

1. Immediately; without delay; at once; as, he was killed outright.

2. Completely; utterly. Cardinal Manning.

Outring

Out*ring" (?), v. t. To excel in volume of ringing sound; to ring louder than.

Outrival

Out*ri"val (?), v. t. To surpass in a rivalry.

Outrive

Out*rive" (?), v. t. To river; to sever. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Outroad, Outrode

Out"road`, Out"rode` (?), n. An excursion. [Obs.] "Outrodes by the ways of Judea." Macc. xv. 41 (Geneva Bible).

Outroar

Out*roar" (?), v. t. To exceed in roaring.

Outromance

Out`ro*mance" (?), v. t. To exceed in romantic character. [R.] Fuller.

Outroom

Out"room` (?), n. An outer room. [R.] Fuller.

Outroot

Out*root" (?), v. t. To eradicate; to extirpate.

Outrun

Out*run" (?), v. t. [imp. Outran (?); p. p. Outrun; p. pr. & vb. n. Outrunning.] To exceed, or leave behind, in running; to run faster than; to outstrip; to go beyond.
Your zeal outruns my wishes. Sir W. Scott.
The other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulcher. Jhon xx. 4.

Outrunner

Out*run"ner (?), n. An offshoot; a branch. [R.] "Some outrunner of the river." Lauson.

Outrush

Out*rush" (?), v. i. To rush out; to issue, or ru Garth.

Outsail

Out*sail" (?), v. t. To excel, or to leave behind, in sailing; to sail faster than. Beau. & Fl.

Outscent

Out*scent" (?), v. t. To exceed in odor. Fuller.

Outscold

Out*scold" (?), v. t. To exceed in scolding. Shak.

Outscorn

Out*scorn" (?), v. t. To confront, or subdue, with greater scorn. Shak.

Outscouring

Out"scour`ing (?), n. That which is scoured out o Buckland.

Outscout

Out*scout" (?), v. t. To overpower by disdain; to outface. [Obs.] Marston.

Outsee

Out*see" (?), v. t. To see beyond; to excel in cer

Outsell

Out*sell" (?), v. t.

1. To exceed in amount of sales; to sell more than.

2. To exceed in the price of selling; to fetch more than; to exceed in value. Fuller. Shak.

Outsentry

Out"sen`try (?), n. (Mil.) A sentry who guards the entrance or approach to a place; an outguard.

Outset

Out"set` (?), n. A setting out, starting, or beginning. "The outset of a political journey." Burke.
Giving a proper direction to this outset of life. J. Hawes.

Outsettler

Out"set`tler (?), n. One who settles at a distance, or away, from others.

Outshine

Out*shine" (?), v. i. To shine forth. "Bright, outshining beams." Shak.

Outshine

Out*shine", v. t. To excel in splendor.
A throne of royal state, which far Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind. Milton.

Outshoot

Out*shoot" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in shooting; to shoot beyond. Bacon.
Men are resolved never to outshoot their forefathers' mark. Norris.

Outshut

Out*shut" (?), v. t. To shut out. [R.] Donne.

Outside

Out"side` (?), n.

1. The external part of a thing; the part, end, or side which forms the surface; that which appears, or is manifest; that which is superficial; the exterior.

There may be great need of an outside where there is little or nothing within. South.
Created beings see nothing but our outside. Addison.

2. The part or space which lies without an inclosure; the outer side, as of a door, walk, or boundary.

I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on the outside. Spectator.

3. The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc.; the utmost; as, it may last a week at the outside.

4. One who, or that which, is without; hence, an outside passenger, as distinguished from one who is inside. See Inside, n. 3. [Colloq. Eng.]

Outside

Out"side` (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to the outside; external; exterior; superficial.

2. Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity, etc.; as, an outside estimate. [Colloq.] Outside finish (Arch.), a term for the minor parts, as corner boards, hanging stiles, etc., required to complete the exterior of a wooden building; -- rare in masonry.

Outside

Out"side` (?), adv. or prep. On or to the outside (of); without; on the exterior; as, to ride outside the coach; he stayed outside.

Outsider

Out`sid"er (?), n.

1. One not belonging to the concern, institution, party, etc., spoken of; one disconnected in interest or feeling. [Recent] A. Trollope.

2. A locksmith's pinchers for grasping the point of a key in the keyhole, to open a door from the outside when the key is inside.

3. A horse which is not a favorite in the betting. [Cant]

Outsing

Out*sing" (?), v. t. To surpass in singing.

Outsit

Out*sit" (?), v. t. To remain sitting, or in session, longer than, or beyond the time of; to outstay.

Outskirt

Out"skirt` (?), n. A part remote from the center; outer edge; border; -- usually in the plural; as, the outskirts of a town. Wordsworth.
The outskirts of his march of mystery. Keble.

Outsleep

Out*sleep" (?), v. t. To exceed in sleeping. Shak.

Outslide

Out*slide" (?), v. i. To slide outward, onward, or forward; to advance by sliding. [Poetic]
At last our grating keels outslide. Whittier.

Outsoar

Out*soar" (?), v. t. To soar beyond or above.

Outsole

Out"sole` (?), n. The outside sole of a boot or shoe.

Outsound

Out*sound" (?), v. t. To surpass in sounding.

Outspan

Out*span" (?), v. t. & i. [D. uitspannen.] To unyoke or disengage, as oxen from a wagon. [S. Africa]

Outsparkle

Out*spar"kle (?), v. t. To exceed in sparkling.

Outspeak

Out*speak" (?), v. t.

1. To exceed in speaking.

2. To speak openly or boldly. T. Campbell.

3. To express more than. Shak.

Outspeed

Out*speed" (?), v. t. To excel in speed.
Outspeed the realized miracles of steam. Talfourd.

Outspend

Out"spend` (?), n. Outlay; expenditure. [R.]
A mere outspend of savageness. I. Taylor.

Outspin

Out*spin" (?), v. t. To spin out; to finish.

Outspoken

Out*spo"ken (?), a. Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; as, an outspoken man; an outspoken rebuke. -- Out*spo"ken*ness, n.

Outsport

Out*sport" (?), v. t. To exceed in sporting. [R.] "Not to outsport discretion." Shak.

Outspread

Out*spread" (?), v. t. To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. ∨ adj.

Outspring

Out*spring" (?), v. i. To spring out; to issue.

Outstand

Out*stand" (?), v. i. To stand out, or project, from a surface or mass; hence, to remain standing out.

Outstand

Out*stand", v. t.

1. To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding. [R.] Woodward.

2. To stay beyond. "I have outstood my time." Shak.

Outstanding

Out*stand"ing, a. That stands out; undischarged; uncollected; not paid; as, outstanding obligations.
Revenues . . . as well outstanding as collected. A. Hamilton.

Outstare

Out*stare" (?), v. t. To excel or overcome in staring; to face down.
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak.

Outstart

Out*start" (?), v. i. To start out or up. Chaucer.

Outstay

Out*stay" (?), v. t. To stay beyond or longer than.
She concluded to outstay him. Mad. D' Arblay.

Outstep

Out*step" (?), v. t. To exceed in stepping.

Outstorm

Out*storm" (?), v. t. To exceed in storming.
Insults the tempest and outstorms the skies. J. Barlow.

Outstreet

Out"street` (?), n. A street remote from the center of a town. Johnson.

Outstretch

Out*stretch" (?), v. t. To stretch out. Milton.

Outstride

Out*stride" (?), v. t. To surpass in striding.

Outstrike

Out*strike" (?), v. t. To strike out; to strike faster than. Shak.

Outstrip

Out*strip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outstripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outstripping.] To go faster than; to outrun; to advance beyond; to leave behing.
Appetites which . . . had outstripped the hours. Southey.
He still outstript me in the race. Tennyson.

Outsuffer

Out*suf"fer (?), v. t. To exceed in suffering.

Outswear

Out*swear" (?), v. t. To exceed in swearing.

Outsweeten

Out*sweet"en (?), v. t. To surpass in sweetness. [R.] Shak.

Outswell

Out*swell" (?), v. t.

1. To exceed in swelling.

2. To swell beyond; to overflow. [Obs.] Hewyt.

Outtake

Out*take" (?), prep. Except. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

Outtaken

Out*tak"en (?), p. p. or prep. Excepted; save. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.

Outtalk

Out*talk" (?), v. t. To overpower by talking; to exceed in talking; to talk down. Shak.

Outtell

Out*tell" (?), v. t. To surpass in telling, counting, or reckoning. "I have outtold the clock." Beau. & Fl.

Outterm

Out"term` (?), n. An external or superficial thing; outward manner; superficial remark, etc. [Obs.]
Not to bear cold forms, nor men's outterms. B. Jonson.

Outthrow

Out*throw" (?), v. t.

1. To throw out. Spenser.

2. To excel in throwing, as in ball playing.

Outtoil

Out*toil" (?), v. t. To exceed in toiling.

Outtongue

Out*tongue" (?), v. t. To silence by talk, clamor, or noise. [R.] Shak.

Outtop

Out*top" (?), v. t. To overtop. [Obs.]

Outtravel

Out*trav"el (?), v. t. To exceed in speed o Mad. D' Arblay.

Outtwine

Out*twine" (?), v. t. To disentangle. [Obs.]

Outvalue

Out*val"ue (?), v. t. To exceed in value. Boyle.

Outvenom

Out*ven"om (?), v. t. To exceed in venom.

Outvie

Out*vie" (?), v. t. To exceed in vying. Dryden.

Outvillain

Out*vil"lain (?), v. t. To exceed in villainy.

Outvoice

Out*voice" (?), v. t. To exceed in noise. Shak.

Outvote

Out*vote" (?), v. t. To exceed in the number of votes given; to defeat by votes. South.

Outwalk

Out*walk" (?), v. t. To excel in walking; to leave behind in walking. B. Jonson.

Outwall

Out"wall` (?), n. The exterior wall; the outside surface, or appearance. Shak.

Outward, Outwards

Out"ward (?), Out"wards (?), adv. [AS. . See Out, and -ward, -wards.] From the interior part; in a direction from the interior toward the exterior; out; to the outside; beyond; off; away; as, a ship bound outward.
The wrong side may be turned outward. Shak.
Light falling on them is not reflected outwards. Sir I. Newton.
Outward bound, bound in an outward direction or to foreign parts; -- said especially of vessels, and opposed to homeward bound.

Outward

Out"ward, a.

1. Formmg the superficial part; external; exterior; -- opposed to inward; as, an outward garment or layer.

Though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day. Cor. iv. 16.

2. Of or pertaining to the outer surface or to what is external; manifest; public. "Sins outward." Chaucer.

An outward honor for an in ward toil. Shak.

3. Foreign; not civil or intestine; as, an outward war. [Obs.] Hayward.

4. Tending to the exterior or outside.

The fire will force its outward way. Dryden.
-- Out"ward*ly, adv. -- Out"ward*ness, n. Outward stroke. (Steam Engine) See under Stroke.

Outward

Out"ward, n. External form; exterior. [R.]
So fair an outward and such stuff within. Shak.

Outwards

Out"wards (?), adv. See Outward, adv.

Outwatch

Out*watch" (?), v. t. To exceed in watching.

Outway

Out"way` (?), n. A way out; exit. [R.]
In divers streets and outways multiplied. P. Fletcher.

Outwear

Out*wear" (?), v. t.

1. To wear out; to consume or destroy by wearing. Milton.

2. To last longer than; to outlast; as, this cloth will outwear the other. "If I the night outwear." Pope.

Outweary

Out*wea"ry (?), v. t. To weary out. Cowley.

Outweed

Out*weed" (?), v. t. To weed out. [Obs.]

Outweep

Out*weep" (?), v. t. To exceed in weeping.

Outweigh

Out*weigh" (?), v. t. To exceed in weight or value.

Outwell

Out*well" (?), v. t. To pour out. [Obs.] Spenser.

Outwell

Out*well", v. i. To issue forth. Thomson.

Outwent

Out*went" (?), imp. of Outgo.

Outwhore

Out*whore" (?), v. t. To exceed in lewdness.

Outwin

Out*win" (?), v. t. To win a way out of. [Obs.]

Outwind

Out*wind" (?), v. t. To extricate by winding; to unloose. [R.] Spenser. Dr. H. More.

Outwing

Out*wing" (?), v. t. To surpass, exceed, or outstrip in flying. Garth.

Outwit

Out*wit" (?), v. t. To surpass in wisdom, esp. in cunning; to defeat or overreach by superior craft.
They did so much outwit and outwealth us ! Gauden.

Outwit

Out"wit (?), n. The faculty of acquiring wesdom by observation and experience, or the wisdom so acquired; -- opposed to inwit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Outwoe

Out*woe" (?), v. t. To exceed in woe. [Obs.]

Outwork

Out*work" (?), v. t. To exceed in working; to work more or faster than.

Outwork

Out"work` (?), n. (Fort.) A minor defense constructed beyond the main body of a work, as a ravelin, lunette, hornwork, etc. Wilhelm.

Outworth

Out*worth" (?), v. t. To exceed in worth. [R.]

Outwrest

Out*wrest" (?), v. t. To extort; to draw from or forth by violence. [Obs.] Spenser.

Outwrite

Out*write" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in writing.

Outzany

Out*za"ny (?), v. t. To exceed in buffoonery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ouvarovite

Ou*va"ro*vite (?), n. [Named from the Russian Count Uvaroff.] (Min.) Chrome garnet.

Ouze

Ouze (?), n. & v. See Ooze. [Obs.]

Ouzel

Ou"zel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ousel.
The mellow ouzel fluted in the elm. Tennyson.

Ova

O"va (?), n. pl. See Ovum.

Oval

O"val (?), a. [F. ovale, fr. L. ovum egg. Cf. Egg, Ovum.]

1. Of or pertaining to eggs; done in the egg, or inception; as, oval conceptions. [Obs.]

2. Having the figure of an egg; oblong and curvilinear, with one end broader than the other, or with both ends of about the same breadth; in popular usage, elliptical.

3. (Bot.) Broadly elliptical. Oval chuck (Mech.), a lathe chuck so constructed that work attached to it, and cut by the turning tool in the usual manner, becomes of an oval form.

Oval

O"val, n. A body or figure in the shape of an egg, or popularly, of an ellipse. Cassinian oval (Geom.), the locus of a point the product of whose distances from two fixed points is constant; -- so called from Cassini, who first investigated the curve. Thus, in the diagram, if P moves so that P A.P B is constant, the point P describes a Cassinian oval. The locus may consist of a single closed line, as shown by the dotted line, or of two equal ovals about the points A and B. <-- Illustr. of Cassinian Oval -->
Page 1021

Ovalbumin, Ovalbumen

O`val*bu"min (?), O`val*bu"men (?), n. [Ovum + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) The albumin from white of eggs; egg albumin; -- in distinction from serum albumin. See Albumin.

Ovaliform

O*val"i*form (?), a. [Oval + -form.] Having the form of an egg; having a figure such that any section in the direction of the shorter diameter will be circular, and any in the direction of the longer diameter will be oval.

Ovally

O"val*ly (?), adv. In an oval form.

Ovant

O"vant (?), a. [L. ovans triumphant, p. pr. of ovare to exult.] Exultant. [Obs.] Holland.

Ovarian, Ovarial

O*va"ri*an (?), O*va"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an ovary.

Ovariole

O*va"ri*ole (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed.

Ovariotomist

O*va`ri*ot"o*mist (?), n. One who performs, or is skilled in, ovariotomy.

Ovariotomy

O*va`ri*ot"o*my (?), n. [Ovarium + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of removing one or both of the ovaries; o\'94phorectomy.

Ovarious

O*va"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of eggs; as, ovarious food. [R.] Thomson.

Ovaritis

O`va*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Ovarium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the ovaries.

Ovarium

O*va"ri*um (?), n.; pl. L. Ovaria (#), E. Ovariums (#). [NL.] An ovary. See Ovary.

Ovary

O"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Ovaries (#). [NL. ovarium, fr. L. ovum egg: cf. F. ovaire. See Oval.]

1. (Bot.) That part of the pistil which contains the seed, and in most flowering plants develops into the fruit. See Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) The essential female reproductive organ in which the ova are produced. See Illust. of Discophora.

Ovate

O"vate (?), a. [L. ovatus, from ovum egg. See Oval.]

1. Shaped like an egg, with the lower extremity broadest.

2. (Bot.) Having the shape of an egg, or of the longitudinal sectior of an egg, with the broader end basal. Gray.

Ovate-acuminate

O"vate-a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. Having an ovate form, but narrowed at the end into a slender point.

Ovate-cylindraceous

O"vate-cyl`in*dra"ceous (?), a. Having a form intermediate between ovate and cylindraceous.

Ovated

O"va*ted (?), a. Ovate.

Ovate-lanceolate

O"vate-lan"ce*o*late (?), a. Having a form intermediate between ovate and lanceolate.

Ovate-oblong

O"vate-ob"long (?), a. Oblong. with one end narrower than the other; ovato-oblong.

Ovate-rotundate

O"vate-ro*tund"ate (?), a. Having a form intermediate between that of an egg and a sphere; roundly ovate.

Ovate-subulate

O"vate-su"bu*late (?), a. Having an ovate form, but with a subulate tip or extremity.

Ovation

O*va"tion (?), n. [L. ovatio, fr. ovare to exult, rejoice, triumph in an ovation; cf. Gr. ovation.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) A lesser kind of triumph allowed to a commander for an easy, bloodless victory, or a victory over slaves.

2. Hence: An expression of popular homage; the tribute of the multitude to a public favorite.

To rain an April of ovation round Their statues. Tennyson.

Ovato-acuminate

O*va"to-a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. Same as Ovate-acuminate.

Ovato-cylindraceous

O*va"to-cyl`in*dra"ceous (?), a. Same as Ovate-cylindraceous.

Ovato-oblong

O*va"to-ob"long (?), a. Same as Ovate-oblong.

Ovato-rotundate

O*va"to-ro*tund"ate (?), a. Same as Ovate-rotundate.

Oven

Ov"en (?), n. [AS. ofen; akin to D. oven, OHG. ofan, ovan, G. ofen, Icel. ofn, Dan. ovn, Sw. ugn, Goth. a\'a3hns, Gr. ukh\'be pot.] A place arched over with brick or stonework, and used for baking, heating, or drying; hence, any structure, whether fixed or portable, which may be heated for baking, drying, etc.; esp., now, a chamber in a stove, used for baking or roasting.

Ovenbird

Ov"en*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of the genus Furnarius, allied to the creepers. They inhabit South America and the West Indies, and construct curious oven-shaped nests. (b) In the United States, Seiurus aurocapillus; -- called also golden-crowned thrush. (c) In England, sometimes applied to the willow warbler, and to the long-tailed titmouse.

Over

O"ver (?), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. \'81ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. \'94fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. upari. Above, Eaves, Hyper-, Orlop, Super-, Sovereign, Up.]

1. Above, or higher than, in place or position, with the idea of covering; -- opposed to under; as, clouds are over our heads; the smoke rises over the city.

The mercy seat that is over the testimony. Ex. xxx. 6.
Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning. Longfellow.

2. Across; from side to side of; -- implying a passing or moving, either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it; as, a dog leaps over a stream or a table.

Certain lakes . . . poison birds which fly over them. Bacon.

3. Upon the surface of, or the whole surface of; hither and thither upon; throughout the whole extent of; as, to wander over the earth; to walk over a field, or over a city.

4. Above; -- implying superiority in excellence, dignity, condition, or value; as, the advantages which the Christian world has over the heathen. Swift.

5. Above in authority or station; -- implying government, direction, care, attention, guard, responsibility, etc.; -- opposed to under.

Thou shalt be over my house. Gen. xli. 40.
I will make thee rules over many things. Matt. xxv. 23.
Dost thou not watch over my sin ? Job xiv. 16.
His tender mercies are over all his works. Ps. cxlv. 9.

6. Across or during the time of; from beginning to end of; as, to keep anything over night; to keep corn over winter.

7. Above the perpendicular height or length of, with an idea of measurement; as, the water, or the depth of water, was over his head, over his shoes.

8. Beyond; in excess of; in addition to; more than; as, it cost over five dollars. "Over all this." Chaucer.

9. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding; as, he triumphed over difficulties; the bill was passed over the veto. &hand; Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er. &hand; Over his signature (or name) is a substitute for the idiomatic English form, under his signature (name, hand and seal, etc.), the reference in the latter form being to the authority under which the writing is made, executed, or published, and not the place of the autograph, etc. Over all (Her.), placed over or upon other bearings, and therefore hinding them in part; -- said of a charge. -- Over head and ears, beyond one's depth; completely; wholly; hopelessly; as, over head and ears in debt. <-- = head over heels -->[Colloq.] -- Over the left. See under Left. -- To run over (Mach.), to have rotation in such direction that the crank pin traverses the upper, or front, half of its path in the forward, or outward, stroke; -- said of a crank which drives, or is driven by, a reciprocating piece.

Over

O"ver (?), adv.

1. From one side to another; from side to side; across; crosswise; as, a board, or a tree, a foot over, i. e., a foot in diameter.

2. From one person or place to another regarded as on the opposite side of a space or barrier; -- used with verbs of motion; as, to sail over to England; to hand over the money; to go over to the enemy. "We will pass over to Gibeah." Judges xix. 12. Also, with verbs of being: At, or on, the opposite side; as, the boat is over.

3. From beginning to end; throughout the course, extent, or expanse of anything; as, to look over accounts, or a stock of goods; a dress covered over with jewels.

4. From inside to outside, above or across the brim.

Good measure, pressed down . . . and running over. Luke vi. 38.

5. Beyond a limit; hence, in excessive degree or quantity; superfluously; with repetition; as, to do the whole work over. "So over violent." Dryden.

He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex. xvi. 18.

6. In a manner to bring the under side to or towards the top; as, to turn (one's self) over; to roll a stone over; to turn over the leaves; to tip over a cart.

7. At an end; beyond the limit of continuance; completed; finished. "Their distress was over." Macaulay. "The feast was over." Sir W. Scott. &hand; Over, out, off, and similar adverbs, are often used in the predicate with the sense and force of adjectives, agreeing in this respect with the adverbs of place, here, there, everywhere, nowhere; as, the games were over; the play is over; the master was out; his hat is off. &hand; Over is much used in composition, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as in overcast, overflow, to cast or flow so as to spread over or cover; overhang, to hang above; overturn, to turn so as to bring the underside towards the top; overact, overreach, to act or reach beyond, implying excess or superiority. All over. (a) Over the whole; upon all parts; completely; as, he is spatterd with mud all over. (b) Wholly over; at an end; as, it is all over with him. -- Over again, once more; with repetition; afresh; anew. Dryden. -- Over against, opposite; in front. Addison. -- Over and above, in a manner, or degree, beyond what is supposed, defined, or usual; besides; in addition; as, not over and above well. "He . . . gained, over and above, the good will of all people." L' Estrange. -- Over and over, repeatedly; again and again. -- To boil over. See under Boil, v. i. -- To come it over, To do over, To give over, etc. See under Come, Do, Give, etc. -- To throw over, to abandon; to betray. Cf. To throw overboard, under Overboard.

Over

O"ver, a. Upper; covering; higher; superior; also, excessive; too much or too great; -- chiefly used in composition; as, overshoes, overcoat, over-garment, overlord, overwork, overhaste.

Over

O"ver, n. (Cricket) A certain number of balls (usually four) delivered successively from behind ine wicket, after which the ball is bowled from behing the other wicket as many times, the fielders changing places.

Overabound

O`ver*a*bound" (?), v. i. To be exceedingly plenty or superabundant. Pope.

Overact

O`ver*act" (?), v. t.

1. To act or perform to excess; to exaggerate in acting; as, he overacted his part.

2. To act upon, or influence, unduly. [Obs.]

The hope of inheritance overacts them. Milton.

Overact

O`ver*act" (?), v. i. To act more than is necessary; to go to excess in action. B. Jonson.

Overaction

O"ver*ac"tion (?), n. Per

Overaffect

O`ver*af*fect" (?), v. t. To affect or care for unduly. [Obs.] Milton.

Overagitate

O`ver*ag"i*tate (?), v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond what is expedient. Bp. Hall.

Overall

O"ver*all (?), adv. Everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Overalls

O"ver*alls (?), n. pl.

1. A kind of loose trousers worn over others to protect them from soiling.

2. Waterproof leggings. R. D. Blackmore.

Overanxiety

O"ver*anx*i"e*ty (?), n. The state of being overanxious; excessive anxiety.

Overanxious

O"ver*anx"ious (?), a. Anxious in an excessive or needless degree. -- O"ver*anx"ious*ly, adv.

Overarch

O`ver*arch" (?), v. t. & i. To make or place an arch over; to hang over like an arch. "Brown with o'erarching shades." Pope.

Over-arm

O"ver-arm` (?), a. (Cricket, etc.) Done (as bowling or pitching) with the arm raised above the shoulder. See Overhard. "An over-arm with a round-arm bowler." R. A. Proctor.

Overawe

O`ver*awe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overawing.] To awe exceedingly; to subjugate or restrain by awe or great fear.
The king was present in person to overlook the magistrates, and overawe these subjects with the terror of his sword. Spenser.

Overawful

O"ver*aw"ful (?), a. Awful, or reverential, in an excessive degree. [R.] Milton.

Overbalance

O`ver*bal"ance (?), v. t.

1. To exceed equality with; to outweigh. Locke.

2. To cause to lose balance or equilibrium.

Overbalance

O"ver*bal`ance (?), n. Excess of weight or value; something more than an equivalent; as, an overbalance of exports. J. Edwards.

Overbarren

O"ver*bar"ren (?), a. Excessively barren.

Overbattle

O"ver*bat"tle (?), a. [Over + battle, a.] Excessively fertile; bearing rank or noxious growths. [Obs.] "Overbattle grounds." Hooker.

Overbear

O`ver*bear" (?), v. t.

1. To bear down or carry down, as by excess of weight, power, force, etc.; to overcome; to suppress.

The point of reputation, when the news first came of the battle lost, did overbear the reason of war. Bacon.
Overborne with weight the Cyprians fell. Dryden.
They are not so ready to overbear the adversary who goes out of his own country to meet them. Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. To domineer over; to overcome by insolence.

Overbear

O`ver*bear", v. i. To bear fruit or offspring to excess; to be too prolific.

Overbearing

O`ver*bear"ing, a.

1. Overpowering; subduing; repressing. I. Watts.

2. Aggressively haughty; arrogant; domineering; tyrannical; dictatorial; insolent. --O`ver*bear"ing*ly, adv. -- O`ver*bear"ing*ness, n.

Overbend

O`ver*bend" (?), v. t. To bend to excess.

Overbend

O`ver*bend", v. i. To bend over. [R.]

Overbid

O`ver*bid" (?), v. t. To bid or offer beyond, or in excess of. Dryden.

Overbide

O`ver*bide" (?), v. t. To outlive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Overblow

O`ver*blow" (?), v. i.

1. To blow over, or be subdued. [R.] Spenser.

2. (Mus.) To force so much wind into a pipe that it produces an overtone, or a note higher than the natural note; thus, the upper octaves of a flute are produced by overblowing.

Overblow

O`ver*blow", v. t. To blow away; to dissipate by wind, or as by wind.
When this cloud of sorrow's overblown. Waller.

Overboard

O"ver*board` (?), adv. Over the side of a ship; hence, from on board of a ship, into the water; as, to fall overboard. To throw overboard, to discard; to abandon, as a dependent or friend.

Overboil

O`ver*boil" (?), v. i. To boil over or unduly.
Nor is discontent to keep the mind Deep in its fountain, lest it overboil In the hot throng. Byron.

Overbold

O`ver*bold" (?), a. Excessively or presumptuously bold; impudent. Shak. -- O"ver*bold"ly, adv.

Overbookish

O"ver*book"ish (?), a. Excessively bookish.

Overbounteous

O"ver*boun"te*ous, a. Bounteous to excess.

Overbow

O`ver*bow" (?), v. t. To bend or bow over; to bend in a contrary direction. [Obs.] Fuller.

Overbreed

O`ver*breed" (?), v. t. To breed to excess.

Overbrim

O`ver*brim" (?), v. i. To flow over the brim; to be so full as to overflow. [R.]

Overbrow

O`ver*brow" (?), v. t. To hang over like a brow; to impend over. [Poetic] Longfellow.
Did with a huge projection overbrow Large space beneath. Wordsworth.

Overbuild

O`ver*build" (?), v. t.

1. To build over. Milton.

2. To build too much; to build beyond the demand.

Overbuilt

O`ver*built" (?), a. Having too many buildings; as, an overbuilt part of a town.

Overbulk

O`ver*bulk" (?), v. t. To oppress by bulk; to overtower. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

Overburden

O`ver*bur"den (?), v. t. To load with too great weight or too much care, etc. Sir P. Sidney.

Overburden

O"ver*bur`den, n. The waste which overlies good stone in a quarry. Raymond.

Overburdensome

O"ver*bur"den*some (?), a. Too burdensome.

Overburn

O`ver*burn" (?), v. t. & i. To burn too much; to be overzealous.

Over-busy

O"ver-bus"y (?), a. Too busy; officious.

Overbuy

O`ver*buy" (?), v. t.

1. To buy too much.

2. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden.

Overcanopy

O`ver*can"o*py (?), v. t. To cover as with a canopy. Shak.

Overcapable

O`ver*ca"pa*ble (?), a. Too capable. [R.]
Overcapable of such pleasing errors. Hooker.

Overcare

O"ver*care" (?), n. Excessive care. Dryden.
Page 1022

Overcareful

O"ver*care"ful (?), a. Too careful. Shak.

Overcarking

O"ver*cark"ing (?), a. Too anxious; too full of care. [Archaic] Fuller.

Overcarry

O`ver*car"ry (?), v. t. & i. To carry too far; to carry beyond the proper point. Hayward.

Overcast

O`ver*cast" (?), v. t.

1. To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken.

Those clouds that overcast your morn shall fly. Dryden.

2. To compute or rate too high. Bacon.

3. (Sewing) To take long, loose stitches over (the raw edges of a seam) to prevent raveling.

Overcatch

O`ver*catch" (?), v. t. To overtake. [Obs.]

Overcautious

O"ver*cau"tious (?), a. Too cautious; cautious or prudent to excess. -- O"ver*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- O"ver*cau"tiou*ness, n.

Overchange

O"ver*change` (?), n. Too much or too frequent change; fickleness. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Overcharge

O`ver*charge" (?), v. t. [Cf. Supercharge, Surcharge.]

1. To charge or load too heavily; to burden; to oppress; to cloy. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To fill too full; to crowd.

Our language is overcharged with consonants. Addison.

3. To charge excessively; to charge beyond a fair rate or price.

4. To exaggerate; as, to overcharge a description. Overcharged mine. (Mil.) See Globe of compression, under Globe.

Overcharge

O`ver*charge", v. i. To make excessive charges.

Overcharge

O"ver*charge` (?), n. [Cf. Supercargo, Supercharge.]

1. An excessive load or burden.

2. An excessive charge in an account.

Overclimb

O`ver*climb" (?), v. t. To climb over. Surrey.

Overcloud

O`ver*cloud" (?), v. t. To cover or overspread with clouds; to becloud; to overcast.

Overcloy

O`ver*cloy" (?), v. t. To fill beyond satiety. Shak.

Overcoat

O"ver*coat` (?), n. [Cf. Surcoat.] A coat worn over the other clothing; a greatcoat; a topcoat.

Overcold

O"ver*cold" (?), a. Cold to excess. Wiseman.

Overcolor

O`ver*col"or (?), v. t. To color too highly.

Overcome

O`ver*come" (?), v. t. [imp. Overcame (?); p. p. Overcome; p. pr & vb. n. Overcoming.] [AS. ofercuman. See Over, Come, and cf. Supervene.]

1. To get the better of; to surmount; to conquer; to subdue; as, to overcome enemies in battle.

This wretched woman overcome Of anguish, rather than of crime, hath been. Spenser.

2. To overflow; to surcharge. [Obs.] J. Philips.

3. To come or pass over; to spreads over. [Obs.]

And overcome us like a summer's cloud. Shak.
Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; vanquish; overpower; overthrow; overturn; defeat; crush; overbear; overwhelm; prostrate; beat; surmount. See Conquer.

Overcome

O`ver*come", v. i. To gain the superiority; to be victorious. Rev. iii. 21.

Overcomer

O`ver*com"er (?), n. One who overcomes.

Overcoming

O`ver*com"ing (?), a. Conquering; subduing. -- O`ver*com"ing*ly, adv.

Overconfidence

O"ver*con"fi*dence (?), n. Excessive confidence; too great reliance or trust.

Overconfident

O"ver*con"fi*dent (?), a. Confident to excess. -- O"ver*con"fi*dent*ly, adv.

Overcostly

O"ver*cost"ly (?), a. Too costly. Milton.

Overcount

O`ver*count" (?), v. t. To rate too high; to outnumber. Shak.

Overcover

O`ver*cov"er (?), v. t. To cover up. Shak.

Overcredulous

O"ver*cred"u*lous (?), a. Too credulous.

Overcrow

O`ver*crow" (?), v. t. To crow, exult, or boast, over; to overpower. Spenser. Shak.

Overcrowd

O`ver*crowd" (?), v. t. To crowd too much.

Overcunning

O"ver*cun"ning (?), a. Exceedingly or excessively cunning.

Overcurious

O"ver*cu"ri*ous (?), a. Too curious.

Overdare

O`ver*dare" (?), v. t. & i. To dare too much or rashly; to be too daring.

Overdate

O`ver*date" (?), v. t. To date later than the true or proper period. Milton.

Overdeal

O"ver*deal` (?), n. The excess. [Obs.]
The overdeal in the price will be double. Holland.

Overdelicate

O"ver*del"i*cate (?), a. Too delicate.

Overdelighted

O"ver*de*light"ed (?), a. Delighted beyond measure.

Overdight

O"ver*dight" (?), a. Covered over. [Obs.] Spenser.

Overdo

O`ver*do" (?), v. t. [imp. Overdid (?); p. p. Overdone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overdoing.]

1. To do too much; to exceed what is proper or true in doing; to exaggerate; to carry too far.

Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing. Shak.

2. To overtask. or overtax; to fatigue; to exhaust; as, to overdo one's strength.

3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] Tennyson.

4. To cook too much; as, to overdo the meat.

Overdo

O`ver*do", v. i. To labor too hard; to do too much.

Overdoer

O`ver*do"er (?), n. One who overdoes.

Overdose

O`ver*dose" (?), v. t. To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.

Overdose

O"ver*dose`, n. Too great a dose; an excessive dose.

Overdraw

O`ver*draw" (?), v. t. [imp. Overdrew (?); p. p. Overdrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overdrawing.]

1. To exaggerate; to overdo.

2. (Banking) To make drafts upon or against, in excess of the proper amount or limit.

Overdress

O`ver*dress" (?), v. t. To dress or adorn to excess; to dress too much. Pope.

Overdrink

O`ver*drink" (?), v. t. & i. To drink to excess.

Overdtive

O`ver*dtive" (?), v. t. & i. To drive too hard, or far, or beyond strength.

Overdrown

O`ver*drown" (?), v. t. To wet or drench to excess. [Obs.] W. Browne.

Overdry

O`ver*dry" (?), v. t. To dry too much. Burton.

Overdue

O"ver*due" (?), a. Due and more than due; delayed beyond the proper time of arrival or payment, etc.; as, an overdue vessel; an overdue note.

Overdye

O`ver*dye" (?), v. t. To dye with excess of color; to put one color over (another). Shak.

Overeager

O`ver*ea"ger (?), a. Too eager; too impatient. -- O`ver*ea"ger*ly, adv. -- O"ver*ea"ger*ness, n.

Overearnest

O`ver*ear"nest (?), a. Too earnest. -- O"ver*ear"nest*ly, adv. -- O"ver*ear"nest*ness, n.

Overeat

O`ver*eat" (?), v. t. & i.

1. To gnaw all over, or on all sides. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To eat to excess; -- often with a reflexive.

Overelegant

O"ver*el"e*gant (?), a. Too elegant. Johnson.

Overempty

O`ver*emp"ty (?), v. t. To make too empty; to exhaust. [R.] Carew.

Overest

O"ver*est (?), a. [Superl. of Over.] Uppermost; outermost.
Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy. Chaucer.
<-- sic -->

Overestimate

O`ver*es"ti*mate (?), v. t. To estimate too highly; to overvalue.

Overestimate

O`ver*es"ti*mate (?), n. An estimate that is too high; as, an overestimate of the vote.

Overexcite

O`ver*ex*cite" (?), v. t. To excite too much.

Overexcitement

O"ver*ex*cite"ment (?), n. Excess of excitement; the state of being overexcited.

Overexert

O`ver*ex*ert" (?), v. t. To exert too much.

Overexertion

O"ver*ex*er"tion (?), n. Excessive exertion.

Overexquisite

O"ver*ex"qui*site (?), a. Too exquisite; too exact or nice; too careful.

Overeye

O`ver*eye" (?), v. t.

1. To superintend; to oversee; to inspect. [Obs.]

2. To see; to observe. [Obs.] Shak.

Overfall

O"ver*fall` (?), n.

1. A cataract; a waterfall. [Obs.]

2. (Naut.) A turbulent surface of water, caused by strong currents setting over submerged ridges; also, a dangerous submerged ridge or shoal.

Overfatigue

O"ver*fa*tigue" (?), n. Excessive fatigue.

Overfatigue

O`ver*fa*tigue", v. t. To fatigue to excess; to tire out.

Overfeed

O`ver*feed" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Overfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfeeding.] To feed to excess; to surfeit.

Overfierce

O"ver*fierce" (?), a. Excessively fierce.

overfill

o`ver*fill" (?), v. t. To fill to excess; to surcharge.

Overfish

O`ver*fish" (?), v. t. To fish to excess.

Overfloat

O`ver*float" (?), v. t. To overflow. [R.] Dryden.

Overflourish

O`ver*flour"ish (?), v. t.

1. To make excessive display or flourish of. Collier.

2. To embellish with outward ornaments or flourishes; to varnish over. [Obs.] Shak.

Overflow

O`ver*flow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overflowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overflowing.] [AS. oferfl. See Over, and Flow.]

1. To flow over; to cover woth, or as with, water or other fluid; to spread over; to inundate; to overwhelm.

The northern nations overflowed all Christendom. Spenser.

2. To flow over the brim of; to fill more than full.

Overflow

O`ver*flow", v. i.

1. To run over the bounds.

2. To be superabundant; to abound. Rogers.

Overflow

O"ver*flow` (?), n.

1. A flowing over, as of water or other fluid; an inundation. Bacon.

2. That which flows over; a superfluous portion; a superabundance. Shak.

3. An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid. Overflow meeting, a meeting constituted of the surplus or overflow of another audience.

Overflowing

O`ver*flow"ing (?), n. An overflow; that which overflows; exuberance; copiousness.
He was ready to bestow the overflowings of his full mind on anybody who would start a subject. Macaulay.

Overflowingly

O`ver*flow"ing*ly, adv. In great abundance; exuberantly. Boyle.

Overflush

O`ver*flush" (?), v. t. To flush to excess. [R.]

Overflutter

O`ver*flut"ter (?), v. t. To flutter over.

Overflux

O"ver*flux` (?), n. Overflow; exuberance. [R.]

Overfly

O`ver*fly" (?), v. t. [imp. Overflew (?); p. p. Overflown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overflying.] To cross or pass over by flight. Byron.

Overfond

O"ver*fond" (?), Milton. -- O"ver*fond"ly, adv. -- O"ver*fond"ness, n.

Overforce

O"ver*force` (?), n. Excessive force; violence.

Overforward

O"ver*for"ward (?), a. Forward to excess; too forward. -- O"ver*for"ward*ness, n.

Overfree

O"ver*free" (?), a. Free to excess; too liberal; too familiar. -- O"ver*free"ly, adv.

Overfreight

O`ver*freight" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overfreighted (Overfraught (?), obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfreighting.] To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too heavily; to overload.

Overfrequent

O"ver*fre"quent (?), a. Too frequent.

Overfrieze

O`ver*frieze" (?), v. t. To cover with a frieze, or as with a frieze. E. Hall.

Overfront

O`ver*front" (?), v. t. To confront; to oppose; to withstand. [Obs.] Milton.

Overfruitful

O"ver*fruit"ful (?), a. Too fruitful.

Overfull

O"ver*full" (?), a. [AS. oferfull.] Too full; filled to overflowing; excessively full; surfeited. Shak.

Overfullness

O"ver*full"ness, n. The state of being excessively or abnormally full, so as to cause overflow, distention, or congestion; excess of fullness; surfeit.

Over-garment

O"ver-gar`ment (?), n. An outer garment.

Overgarrison

O`ver*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To garrison to excess.

Overgaze

O`ver*gaze" (?), v. t. To gaze; to overlook. [Poetic] "Earth's o'ergazing mountains." Byron.

Overget

O`ver*get" (?), v. t.

1. To reach; to overtake; to pass. [Obs.]

2. To get beyond; to get over or recover from. [R.]

Overgild

O`ver*gild" (?), v. t. [AS. ofergyldan.] To gild over; to varnish.

Overgird

O`ver*gird" (?), v. t. To gird too closely. [R.]

Overgive

O`ver*give" (?), v. t. To give over; to surrender; to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.

Overglad

O"ver*glad" (?), a. Excessively or unduly glad.

Overglance

O`ver*glance" (?), v. t. To glance over.

Overglide

O`ver*glide" (?), v. t. To glide over. Wyatt.

Overgloom

O`ver*gloom" (?), v. t. To spread gloom over; to make gloomy; to overshadow. [R.]
Overgloomed by memories of sorrow. De Quincey.

Overgo

O`ver*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Overwent (?); p. p. Overgone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overgoing.] [AS. oferg\'ben.]

1. To travel over. [R.] Shak.

2. To exceed; to surpass. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

3. To cover. [Obs.] Chapman.

4. To oppress; to weigh down. [Obs.] Shak.

Overgorge

O`ver*gorge" (?), v. t. To gorge to excess.

Overgrace

O`ver*grace" (?), v. t. To grace or honor exceedingly or beyond desert. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Overgrassed

O"ver*grassed" (?), a. Overstocked, or overgrown, or covered, with grass. [Obs.] Spenser.

Overgreat

O`ver*great" (?), a. Too great.

Overgreatness

O"ver*great"ness, n. Excessive greatness.

Overgreedy

O"ver*greed"y (?), a. Excessively greedy.

Overgross

O"ver*gross" (?), a. Too gross.

Overground

O"ver*ground" (?), a. Situated over or above ground; as, the overground portion of a plant.

Overgrow

O`ver*grow" (?), v. t. [imp. Overgrew (?); p. p. Overgrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overgrowing.]

1. To grow over; to cover with growth or herbage, esp. that which is rank.

The green . . . is rough and overgrown. Sir W. Scott.

2. To grow beyond; to rise above; hence, to overcome; to oppress. [Obs.] Mortimer. "O'ergrown with labor." Beau. & Fl. [Usually in the past participle.]

Overgrow

O`ver*grow", v. i. To grow beyond the fit or natural size; as, a huge, overgrown ox. L'Estrange.

Overgrowth

O"ver*growth` (?), n. Excessive growth.

Overhall

O`ver*hall" (?), v. t. See Overhaul. [Obs.]

Overhale

O`ver*hale" (?), v. t. See Overhaul. [Obs.]

Overhand

O"ver*hand` (?), n. The upper hand; advantage; superiority; mastery.
He had gotten thereby a great overhand on me. Sir T. More.

Overhand

O"ver*hand`, a.

1. (Sewing) Over and over; -- applied to a style of sewing, or to a seam, in which two edges, usually selvedges, are sewed together by passing each stitch over both.

2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.) Done (as pitching or bowling) with the hand higher than the elbow, or the arm above, or higher than, the shoulder. Overhand knot. See Illustration of Knot.

Overhand

O"ver*hand`, adv. In an overhand manner or style.

Overhandle

O`ver*han"dle (?), v. t. To handle, or use, too much; to mention too often. Shak.

Overhang

O`ver*hang" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhung (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhanging.]

1. To impend or hang over. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To hang over; to jut or project over. Pope.

Overhang

O`ver*hang", v. i. To jut over. Milton.

Overhang

O`ver*hang`, n. (Arch.)

1. In a general sense, that which just out or projects; a projection; also, the measure of the projection; as, the overhang is five feet.

2. Specifically: The projection of an upper part (as a roof, an upper story, or other part) of a building beyond the lower part; as, the overhang of a roof, of the eaves, etc.

3. (Naut.) The portion of the bow or stem of a vessel that projects over the water beyond the water line.

4. (Mach.) The projection of a part beyond another part that is directly below it, or beyond a part by which it is supported; as, the overhang of a shaft; i. e., its projection beyond its bearing.

Overhappy

O"ver*hap"py (?), a. Exceedingly happy. Shak.

Overharden

O`ver*hard"en (?), v. t. To harden too much; to make too hard. Boyle.

Overhardy

O"ver*har"dy (?), a. Too hardy; overbold.

Overhaste

O"ver*haste` (?), n. Too great haste.

Overhasty

O"ver*has"ty (?), a. Too hasty; precipitate; rash. -- O"ver*has"ti*ly (#), adv. -- O`ver*has"ti*ness, n.

Overhaul

O`ver*haul" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhauling.]

1. To haul or drag over; hence, to turn over for examination; to inspect; to examine thoroughly with a view to corrections or repairs.

2. (Naut.) To gain upon in a chase; to overtake. To overhaul a tackle, to pull on the leading parts so as to separate the blocks. -- To overhaul running rigging, to keep it clear, and see that no hitch occurs.

Overhaul, Overhauling

O"ver*haul` (?), O`ver*haul"ing, n. A strict examination with a view to correction or repairs.

Overhead

O`ver*head" (?), adv. Aloft; above; in or attached to the ceiling or roof; in the story or upon the floor above; in the zenith.
While overhead the moon Sits arbitress. Milton.
Also used adjectively; as, an overhead crane, gear, etc. Overhead engine, a vertical steam engine in which the cylinder stands above the crank. -- Overhead work, a general term in manufactories for countershafting and gearing, when overhead.

Overhear

O`ver*hear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overheard (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhearing.] [AS. oferhi\'82ran.]

1. To hear more of (anything) than was intended to be heard; to hear by accident or artifice. Shak.

2. To hear again. ShaK.

Overheat

O`ver*heat" (?), v. t. [Cf. Superheat.] To heat to excess; to superheat. Cowper.

Overheavy

O"ver*heav`y (?), a. Excessively heavy.

Overhele

O`ver*hele" (?), v. t. [AS. oferhelian.] To hele or cover over. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Overhent

O`ver*hent", v. t. [See Hent.] To overtake. [Obs.]
So forth he went and soon them overhent. Spenser.

Overhigh

O"ver*high" (?), a. [AS. oferhe\'a0h.] Too high.

Overhighly

O"ver*high"ly, adv. Too highly; too greatly.

Overhip

O`ver*hip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhipping.] [Over + a word akin to E. hop to skip.] To pass over by, or as by a hop; to skip over; hence, to overpass. [Obs.] "When the time is overhipt." Holland.
Page 1023

Overhold

O`ver*hold" (?), v. t. To hold or value too highly; to estimate at too dear a rate. [Obs.] Shak.

Overhung

O"ver*hung" (?), a.

1. Covered over; ornamented with hangings. Carlyle.

2. Suspended from above or from the top. Overhung door, a sliding door, suspended door, suspended from the top, as upon rollers.

Overinfluence

O`ver*in"flu*ence (?), v. t. To influence in an excessive degree; to have undue influence over.

Overinform

O`ver*in*form" (?), v. t. To inform, fill, or animate, excessively. [R.] Johnson.

Overissue

O"ver*is"sue (?), n. An excessive issue; an issue, as of notes or bonds, exceeding the limit of capital, credit, or authority.
An overissue of government paper. Brougham.

Overissue

O`ver*is"sue, v. t. To issue in excess.

Overjealous

O`ver*jeal"ous (?), a. [Over + jealous. Cf. Overzealous.] Excessively jealous; too jealous.

Overjoy

O`ver*joy" (?), v. t. To make excessively joyful; to gratify extremely.

Overjoy

O"ver*joy` (?), n. Excessive joy; transport.

Overjump

O`ver*jump" (?), v. t. To jump over; hence, to omit; to ignore. Marston.

Overking

O"ver*king` (?), n. A king who has sovereignty over inferior kings or ruling princes. J. R. Green.

Overknowing

O"ver*know"ing (?), a. Too knowing or too cunning.

Overlabor

O`ver*la"bor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlaboring.]

1. To cause to labor excessively; to overwork. Dryden.

2. To labor upon excessively; to refine unduly.

Overlade

O`ver*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. Overladed; p. p. Overladen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlading.] [Cf. Overload.] To load with too great a cargo; to overburden; to overload. Spenser.

Overland

O"ver*land` (?), a. Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; as, an overland journey.

Overland

O"ver*land`, adv. By, upon, or across, land.

Overlander

O"ver*land`er (?), n. One who travels over lands or countries; one who travels overland.

Overlanguaged

O"ver*lan"guaged (?), a. Employing too many words; diffuse. Lowell.

Overlap

O`ver*lap" (?), v. t. & i. To lap over; to lap.

Overlap

O"ver*lap` (?), n.

1. The lapping of one thing over another; as, an overlap of six inches; an overlap of a slate on a roof.

2. (Geol.) An extension of geological beds above and beyond others, as in a conformable series of beds, when the upper beds extend over a wider space than the lower, either in one or in all directions.

Overlarge

O"ver*large" (?), a. Too large; too great.

Overlargeness

O"ver*large"ness, n. Excess of size or bulk.

Overlash

O`ver*lash" (?), v. i. [Cf. Prov. E. lash extravagant, lashing lavish.] To drive on rashly; to go to excess; hence, to exaggerate; to boast. [Obs.] Barrow.

Overlashing

O`ver*lash"ing, n. Excess; exaggeration. [Obs.]

Overlate

O"ver*late" (?), a. Too late; exceedingly late.

Overlave

O`ver*lave" (?), v. t. To lave or bathe over.

Overlavish

O"ver*lav"ish (?), a. Lavish to excess.

Overlay

O`ver*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlaying.]

1. To lay, or spread, something over or across; hence, to cover; to overwhelm; to press excessively upon.

When any country is overlaid by the multitude which live upon it. Sir W. Raleigh.
As when a cloud his beams doth overlay. Spenser.
Framed of cedar overlaid with gold. Milton.
And overlay With this portentous bridge the dark abyss. Milton.

2. To smother with a close covering, or by lying upon.

This woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it. 1 Kings iii. 19.
A heap of ashes that o'erlays your fire. Dryden.

3. (Printing) To put an overlay on.

Overlay

O"ver*lay` (?), n.

1. A covering. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Printing) A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the impression by making it stronger at a particular place.

Overlayer

O"ver*lay"er (?), n. One who overlays; that with which anything is overlaid.

Overlaying

O"ver*lay"ing, n. A superficial covering; a coating.

Overlead

O`ver*lead" (?), v. t. To domineer over; to affront; to treat with indignity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Overleap

O`ver*leap" (?), v. t. [AS. oferhle\'a0pan. See Over, and Leap.] To leap over or across; hence, to omit; to ignore. "Let me o'erleap that custom." Shak.

Overlearned

O"ver*learn"ed (?), a. Too learned. -- O"ver*learn"ed, adv. -- O"ver*learn"ed*ness, n.

Overleather

O"ver*leath`er (?), n. Upper leather. Shak.

Overleaven

O`ver*leav"en (?), v. t. To leaven too much; hence, to change excessively; to spoil. [Obs.]

Overliberal

O"ver*lib"er*al (?), a. Too liberal.

Overliberally

O"ver*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In an overliberal manner.

Overlick

O`ver*lick" (?), v. t. To lick over.

Overlie

O`ver*lie" (?), v. t. [imp. Overlay (?); p. p. Overlain (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlying.] To lie over or upon; specifically, to suffocate by lying upon; as, to overlie an infant. Quain.
A woman by negligence overlieth her child in her sleeping. Chaucer.

Overlight

O"ver*light` (?), n. Too strong a light. Bacon.

Overlight

O"ver*light", a. Too light or frivolous; giddy.

Overliness

O"ver*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being overly; carelessness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Overlinger

O"ver*lin"ger (?), v. t. To cause to linger; to detain too long. [Obs.] Fuller.

Overlip

O"ver*lip` (?), n. [AS. oferlibban.] The upper lip. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Overlive

O`ver*live" (?), v. t. To outlive. Sir P. Sidney.
The culture of Northumbria overlived the term of its political supermacy. Earle.

Overlive

O`ver*live" (?), v. i. To live too long, too luxuriously, or too actively. Milton. "Overlived in this close London life." Mrs. Browning.

Overliver

O"ver*liv"er (?), n. A survivor. Bacon.

Overload

O`ver*load" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overloaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Overloading.] [Cf. Overlade.] To load or fill to excess; to load too heavily.

Overload

O"ver*load` (?), n. An excessive load; the excess beyond a proper load.

Overlogical

O"ver*log"ic*al (?), a. Excessively logical; adhering too closely to the forms or rules of logic.

Overlong

O"ver*long" (?), a. & adv. Too long. Shak.

Overlook

O`ver*look" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlooking.]

1. To look down upon from a place that is over or above; to look over or view from a higher position; to rise above, so as to command a view of; as, to overlook a valley from a hill. "The pile o'erlooked the town." Dryden.

[Titan] with burning eye did hotly overlook them. Shak.

2. Hence: To supervise; to watch over; sometimes, to observe secretly; as, to overlook a gang of laborers; to overlook one who is writing a letter.

3. To inspect; to examine; to look over carefully or repeatedly. "Overlook this pedigree." Shak.

The time and care that are required To overlook and file and polish well. Roscommon.

4. To look upon with an evil eye; to bewitch by looking upon; to fascinate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.

If you trouble me I will overlook you, and then your pigs will die. C. Kingsley.

5. To look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it; to miss or omit in looking; hence, to refrain from bestowing notice or attention upon; to neglect; to pass over without censure or punishment; to excuse.

The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. Acts xvii. 30 (Rev. Ver. )
They overlook truth in the judgments they pass. Atterbury.
The pardoning and overlooking of faults. Addison.

Overlooker

O"ver*look"er (?), n. One who overlooks.

Overloop

O"ver*loop` (?), n. See Orlop. [Obs.]

Overlord

O"ver*lord` (?), n. One who is lord over another or others; a superior lord; a master. Freeman.

Overlordship

O"ver*lord"ship (?), n. Lordship or supremacy of a person or a people over others. J. R. Green.

Overloud

O"ver*loud" (?), a. Too loud; noisy.

Overlove

O`ver*love" (?), v. t. To love to excess.

Overluscious

O"ver*lus"cious (?), a. Excessively luscious.

Overlusty

O"ver*lust"y (?), a. Too lusty, or lively. Shak.

Overly

O"ver*ly, a.

1. Careless; negligent; inattentive; superfical; not thorough. [Archaic] Bp. Hall.

2. Excessive; too much. [R.] Coleridge.

Overly

O"ver*ly, adv. In an overly manner. [Archaic]

Overlying

O`ver*ly"ing (?), a. Lying over or upon something; as, overlying rocks.

Overmagnify

O`ver*mag"ni*fy (?), v. t. To magnify too much. Bp. Hall.

Overmalapert

O"ver*mal"a*pert (?), a. Excessively malapert or impudent. [Obs.] Prynne.

Overmanner

O"ver*man`ner (?), adv. In an excessive manner; excessively. [Obs.] Wiclif.

Overmarch

O`ver*march" (?), v. t. & i. To march too far, or too much; to exhaust by marching. Baker.

Overmast

O`ver*mast" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To furnish (a vessel) with too long or too heavy a mast or masts.

Overmaster

O`ver*mas"ter (?), v. t. To overpower; to subdue; to vanquish; to govern.

Overmatch

O`ver*match" (?), v. t.

1. To be more than equal to or a match for; hence, to vanquish. Drayton.

2. To marry (one) to a superior. [Obs.] Burton.

Overmatch

O"ver*match` (?), n. One superior in power; also, an unequal match; a contest in which one of the opponents is overmatched. Milton. D. Webster.

Overmeasure

O`ver*meas"ure (?), v. t. To measure or estimate too largely.

Overmeasure

O"ver*meas`ure (?), n. Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus.

Overmeddle

O`ver*med"dle (?), v. t. To meddle unduly.

Overmeddling

O`ver*med"dling (?), n. Excessive interference. "Justly shent for their overmeddling." Fuller.

Overmellow

O"ver*mel"low (?), a. Too mellow; overripe.

Overmerit

O"ver*mer"it (?), n. Excessive merit. Bacon.

Overmickle

O"ver*mic"kle (?), a. & adv. Overmuch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Overmix

O`ver*mix" (?), v. t. To mix with too much.

Overmodest

O"ver*mod"est (?), a. Modest to excess; bashful. -- O"ver*mod"est*ly, adv.

Overmoist

O"ver*moist" (?), a. Excessively moist. Bacon.

Overmoisture

O"ver*mois"ture (?), n. Excess of moisture.

Overmore

O"ver*more" (?), adv. Beyond; moreover. [Obs.]

Overmorrow

O"ver*mor"row (?), n. The day after or following to-morrow. [Obs.] Bible (1551).

Overmost

O"ver*most` (?), a. Over the rest in authority; above all others; highest. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Overmount

O`ver*mount" (?), v. t. [Cf. Surmount.] To mount over; to go higher than; to rise above.

Overmuch

O"ver*much" (?), a. Too much. -- adv. In too great a degree; too much. -- n. An excess; a surplus.

Overmuchness

O`ver*much"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being in excess; superabundance. [R.] B. Jonson.

Overmultiply

O`ver*mul"ti*ply (?), v. t. & i. To multiply or increase too much; to repeat too often.

Overmultitude

O`ver*mul"ti*tude (?), v. t. To outnumber. [Obs.]

Overname

O`ver*name" (?), v. t. To name over or in a series; to recount. [Obs.] Shak.

Overneat

O"ver*neat" (?), a. Excessively neat. Spectator.

Overnice

O"ver*nice" (?), a. Excessively nice; fastidious. Bp. Hall. -- O"ver*nice"ly, adv. -- O"ver*nice"ness, n.

Overnight

O"ver*night` (?), n. The fore part of the night last past; the previous evening. [R.] Shak.

Overnight

O"ver*night", adv. In the fore part of the night last past; in the evening before; also, during the night; as, the candle will not last overnight.
I had been telling her all that happened overnight. Dickens.

Overnoise

O`ver*noise" (?), v. t. To overpower by noise.

Overnumerous

O"ver*nu"mer*ous (?), a. Excessively numerous; too many.

Overoffice

O`ver*of"fice (?), v. t. To domineer over by virtue of office. [Obs.] Shak.

Overofficious

O"ver*of*fi"cious (?), a. Too busy; too ready to intermeddle; too officious. Collier.

Overpaint

O`ver*paint" (?), v. t. To color or describe too strongly. Sir W. Raleigh.

Overpamper

O`ver*pam"per (?), v. t. To pamper excessively; to feed or dress too much. Dryton.

Overpart

O`ver*part" (?), v. t. To give too important or difficult a part to. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Overpass

O`ver*pass" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpassing.] [Cf. Surpass.]

1. To go over or beyond; to cross; as, to overpass a river; to overpass limits.

2. To pass over; to omit; to overlook; to disregard.

All the beauties of the East He slightly viewed and slightly overpassed. Milton.

3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] R. Browning.

Overpass

O`ver*pass", v. i. To pass over, away, or off.

Overpassionate

O"ver*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Passionate to excess. -- O"ver*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

Overpatient

O"ver*pa"tient (?), a. Patient to excess.

Overpay

O`ver*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpaying.] To pay too much to; to reward too highly.

Overpeer

O`ver*peer" (?), v. t. To peer over; to rise above.

Overpeople

O`ver*peo"ple (?), v. t. To people too densely.

Overperch

O`ver*perch" (?), v. t. To perch upon; to fly over. [Obs.] Shak.

Overpersuade

O`ver*per*suade" (?), v. t. To persuade or influence against one's inclination or judgment. Pope.

Overpester

O`ver*pes"ter (?), v. t. To pester exceedingly or excessively. Sir W. Raleigh.

Overpicture

O`ver*pic"ture (?), v. t. To surpass nature in the picture or representation of. [Obs.] "O'erpicturing that Venus." Shak.

Overplease

O`ver*please" (?), v. t. To please excessively.

Overplus

O"ver*plus (?), n. [Over + L. plus more. See Plus, and cf. Surplus.] That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus. Shak. "The overplus of a great fortune." Addison.

Overply

O`ver*ply" (?), v. t. To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigor; to overwork. Milton.

Overpoise

O`ver*poise" (?), v. t. To outweigh; to overbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Overpoise

O"ver*poise`, n. Preponderant weight; a counterbalance. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Overpolish

O`ver*pol"ish (?), v. t. To polish too much.

Overponderous

O"ver*pon"der*ous (?), a. Too heavy.

Overpost

O`ver*post" (?), v. t. To post over; to pass over swiftly, as by post. Shak.

Overpotent

O"ver*po"tent (?), a. Too potent or powerful.

Overpower

O`ver*pow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpowering.] To excel or exceed in power; to cause to yield; to vanquish; to subdue; as, the light overpowers the eyes. "And overpower'd that gallant few." Wordsworth. Syn. -- To overbear; overcome; vanquish; defeat; crush; overwhelm; overthrow; rout; conquer; subdue.

Overpower

O"ver*pow`er, n. A dominating power. Bacon.

Overpowering

O`ver*pow"er*ing, a. Excelling in power; too powerful; irresistible. -- O`ver*pow"er*ing*ly, adv.

Overpraise

O`ver*praise" (?), v. t. [Cf. Overprize, Superpraise.] To praise excessively or unduly.

Overpraising

O`ver*prais"ing, n. The act of praising unduly; excessive praise. Milton.

Overpress

O`ver*press" (?), v. t.

1. To bear upon with irresistible force; to crush; to overwhelm. Shak.

2. To overcome by importunity. Johnson.

Overpressure

O"ver*pres"sure (?), n. Excessive pressure or urging. London Athen\'91um.

Overprize

O`ver*prize" (?), v. t. [Cf. Overpraise.] Toprize excessively; to overvalue. Sir H. Wotton.

Overproduction

O"ver*pro*duc"tion (?), n. Excessive production; supply beyond the demand. J. S. Mill.

Overprompt

O"ver*prompt" (?), a. Too prompt; too ready or eager; precipitate. -- O`ver*prompt"ness, n.

Overproof

O"ver*proof" (?), a. Containing more alcohol than proof spirit; stronger than proof spirit; that is, containing more than 49.3 per cent by weight of alcohol.

Overproportion

O`ver*pro*por"tion (?), v. t. To make of too great proportion.

Overproud

O"ver*proud" (?), a. Exceedingly or unduly proud. "Overproud of his victory." Milton.

Overprovident

O"ver*prov"i*dent (?), a. Too provident.

Overprovoke

O`ver*pro*voke" (?), v. t. To provoke excessively. Bp. Hall.

Overquell

O`ver*quell" (?), v. t. To quell or subdue completely. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Overquietness

O"ver*qui"et*ness (?), n. Too much quietness. Sir. T. Browne.

Overrake

O`ver*rake" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overraked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overraking.] (Naut.) To rake over, or sweep across, from end to end, as waves that break over a vessel anchored with head to the sea.

Overrank

O"ver*rank" (?), a. Too rank or luxuriant.

Overrate

O`ver*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overrating.] To rate or value too highly.

Overrate

O"ver*rate`, n. An excessive rate. [R.] Massinger.

Overreach

O`ver*reach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overreached (?), (Overraught (, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overreaching.]

1. To reach above or beyond in any direction.

2. To deceive, or get the better of, by artifice or cunning; to outwit; to cheat. Shak.

Overreach

O`ver*reach", v. i.

1. To reach too far; as: (a) To strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the forefoot; -- said of horses. (b) (Naut.) To sail on one tack farther than is necessary. Shak.

2. To cheat by cunning or deception.

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Overreach

O"ver*reach` (?), n. The act of striking the heel of the fore foot with the toe of the hind foot; -- said of horses.

Overreacher

O`ver*reach"er (?), n. One who overreaches; one who cheats; a cheat.

Overread

O`ver*read" (?), v. t. To read over, or peruse. Shak.

Overready

O"ver*read"y (?), a. Too ready. -- O"ver*read"*i*ly (#), adv. -- O"ver*read"i*ness, n.

Overreckon

O`ver*reck"on (?), v. t. To reckon too highly.

Overred

O`ver*red" (?), v. t. To smear with red. [Obs.]

Overrefine

O`ver*re*fine" (?), v. t. To refine too much.

Overrefinement

O"ver*re*fine"ment (?), n. Excessive refinement.

Overrent

O`ver*rent" (?), v. t. To rent for too much.

Overrich

O"ver*rich" (?), a. Exccessively rich.

Override

O`ver*ride" (?), v. t. [imp. Overrode (?); p. p. Overridden (?), Overrode, Overrid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overriding.] [AS. offer\'c6dan.]

1. To ride over or across; to ride upon; to trample down.

The carter overridden with [i. e., by] his cart. Chaucer.

2. To suppress; to destroy; to supersede; to annul; as, one low overrides another; to override a veto.

3. To ride beyond; to pass; to outride. [Obs.]

I overrode him on the way. Shak.

4. To ride too much; to ride, as a horse, beyond its strength.

Overrigged

O"ver*rigged" (?), a. Having too much rigging.

Overrighteous

O"ver*right"eous (?), a. Excessively righteous; -- usually implying hypocrisy.

Overrigid

O"ver*rig"id (?), a. Too rigid; too severe.

Overrigorous

O"ver*rig"or*ous (?), a. Too rigorous; harsh.

Overripe

O"ver*ripe" (?), a. Matured to excess. Milton.

Overripen

O`ver*rip"en (?), v. t. To make too ripe. Shak.

Overroast

O`ver*roast" (?), v. t. To roast too much. Shak.

Overrule

O`ver*rule" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overruling.]

1. To rule over; to govern or determine by superior authority.

2. To rule or determine in a contrary way; to decide against; to abrogate or alter; as, God overrules the purposes of men; the chairman overruled the point of order.

His passion and animosity overruled his conscience. Clarendon.
These [difficulties] I had habitually overruled. F. W. Newman.

3. (Law) To supersede, reject, annul, or rule against; as, the plea, or the decision, was overruled by the court.

Overrule

O`ver*rule", v. i. To be superior or supreme in rulling or controlling; as, God rules and overrules. Shak.

Overruler

O`ver*rul"er (?), n. One who, or that which, controls, governs, or determines. Sir P. Sidney.

Overruling

O`ver*rul"ing, a. Exerting controlling power; as, an overruling Providence. -- O`ver*rul"ing*ly, adv.

Overrun

O`ver*run" (?), v. t. [imp. Overran (?); p. p. Overrun; p. pr. & vb. n. Overrunning. ]

1. To run over; to grow or spread over in excess; to invade and occupy; to take possession of; as, the vine overran its trellis; the farm is overrun with witch grass.

Those barbarous nations that overran the world. Spenser.

2. To exceed in distance or speed of running; to go beyond or pass in running.

Ahimaaz run by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. 2 Sam. xviii. 23.

3. To go beyond; to extend in part beyond; as, one line overruns another in length. &hand; In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.

4. To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon.

None of them the feeble overran. Spenser.

5. (Print.) (a) To carry over, or back, as type, from one line or page into the next after, or next before. (b) To extend the contents of (a line, column, or page) into the next line, column, or page.

Overrun

O`ver*run", v. i.

1. To run, pass, spread, or flow over or by something; to be beyond, or in excess.

Despised and trodden down of all that overran. Spenser.

2. (Print.) To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line, or advertisement, overruns.

Overrunner

O`ver*run"ner (?), n. One that overruns. Lovelace.

Oversaturate

O`ver*sat"u*rate (?), v. t. [Cf. Supersaturate.] To saturate to excess.

Oversay

O`ver*say" (?), v. t. To say over; to repeat. Ford.

Overscented

O`ver*scent"ed (?), a.

1. Scented excessively.

2. Covered or concealed by a different odor. Fuller.

Overscrupulosity

O`ver*scru`pu*los"i*ty (?), n. Overscrupulousness.

Overscrupulous

O`ver*scru"pu*lous (?), a. Scrupulous to excess.

Overscrupulousness

O`ver*scru"pu*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being overscrupulous; excess of scrupulousness.

Oversea

O"ver*sea" (?), a. Beyond the sea; foreign.

Oversea, Overseas

O"ver*sea" (?), O"ver*seas" (?), adv. Over the sea; abroad. Milton. Tennyson.

Oversearch

O`ver*search" (?), v. t. To search all over.

Overseason

O`ver*sea"son (?), v. t. To season too highly.

Oversee

O`ver*see" (?), v. t. [imp. Oversaw (?); p. p. Overseen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overseeing.] [AS. ofers\'82on to survey, to despise. See Over, and See.]

1. To superintend; to watch over; to direct; to look or see after; to overlook.

2. To omit or neglect seeing. Spenser.

Oversee

O`ver*see", v. i. To see too or too much; hence, to be deceived. [Obs.]
The most expert gamesters may sometimes oversee. Fuller.
Your partiality to me is much overseen, if you think me fit to correct your Latin. Walpole.

Overseer

O`ver*seer" (?), n. One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; as, an overseer of a mill; specifically, one or certain public officers; as, an overseer of the poor; an overseer of highways.

Overseership

O`ver*seer"ship, n. The office of an overseer.

Oversell

O`ver*sell` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oversold (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overselling. ]

1. To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in selling price.

One whose beauty Would oversell all Italy. Beau. & Fl.

2. To sell beyond means of delivery. [Brokers'Cant] Oversold market (Brokers' Cant), a market in which stocks or commodities have been sold "short" to such an extent that it is difficult to obtain them for delivery.

Overset

O`ver*set" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overset; p. pr. & vb. n. Oversetting. ]

1. To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper, position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset; as, to overset a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building. Dryden.

2. To cause to fall, or to tail; to subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset a government or a plot. Addison.

3. To fill too full. [Obs.] Howell.

Overset

O`ver*set", v. i. To turn, or to be turned, over; to be upset. Mortimer.

Overset

O"ver*set` (?), n.

1. An upsetting; overturn; overthrow; as, the overset of a carriage.

2. An excess; superfluity. [Obs.] "This overset of wealth and pomp. " Bp. Burnel.

Overshade

O`ver*shade` (?), v. t. [AS. ofersceadwian. See Over, and Shade, and cf. Overshadow.] To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow. Shak.

Overshadow

O`ver*shad"ow (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshadowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshadowing. ] [Cf. Overshade. ]

1. To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure.

There was a cloud that overshadowed them. Mark ix. 7.

2. Fig.: To cover with a superior influence. Milton.

Overshadower

O"ver*shad"ow*er (?), n. One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything. Bacon.

Overshadowy

O"ver*shad"ow*y (?), a. Overshadowing. [R.]

Overshake

O`ver*shake" (?), v. t. To shake over or away; to drive away; to disperse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Overshine

O`ver*shine" (?), v. t.

1. To shine over or upon; to illumine. Shak.

2. To excel in shining; to outshine. Shak.

Overshoe

O"ver*shoe` (?), n. A shoe that is worn over another for protection from wet or for extra warmth; esp., an India-rubber shoe; a galoche.

Overshoot

O`ver*shoot" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshot (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshooting.]

1. To shoot over or beyond. "Not to overshoot his game." South.

2. To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond. Hartle.

3. To exceed; as, to overshoot the truth. Cowper. To overshoot one's self, to venture too far; to assert too much.

Overshoot

O`ver*shoot", v. i. To fly beyond the mark. Collier.

Overshot

O"ver*shot` (?), a. From Overshoot, v. t. Overshot wheel, a vertical water wheel, the circumference of which is covered with cavities or buckets, and which is turned by water which shoots over the top of it, filling the buckets on the farther side and acting chiefly by its we'ght.

Oversight

O"ver*sight` (?), n.

1. Watchful care; superintendence; general supervision.

2. An overlooking; an omission; an error. Hooker.

3. Escape from an overlooked peril. [R.] "His fool-happy oversight." Spenser. Syn. -- Superintendence; supervision; inspection; overlooking; inadvertence; neglect; mistake; error; omission.

Oversize

O`ver*size" (?), v. t. To surpass in size.

Oversize

O`ver*size", v. t. To cover with viscid matter. [R.]
O'ersized with coagulate gore. Shak.

Overskip

O`ver*skip" (?), v. t. To skip or leap over; to treat with indifference. Shak.

Overskirt

O"ver*skirt` (?), n. An upper skirt, shorter than the dress, and usually draped.

Overslaugh

O"ver*slaugh` (?), n. [D. overslag.] A bar in a river; as, the overslaugh in the Hudson River. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Overslaugh

O`ver*slaugh", v. t. [D. overslaan.] To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or an impediment; as, to overslaugh a bill in a legislative body; to overslaugh a military officer, that is, to hinder his promotion or employment. [Local Cant, U. S.]

Oversleep

O`ver*sleep" (?), v. t. To sleep beyond; as, to oversleep one's self or one's usual hour of rising.

Oversleep

O`ver*sleep", v. i. To sleep too long.

Overslide

O`ver*slide" (?), v. t. To slide over or by.

Overslip

O`ver*slip" (?), v. t. To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity.

Overslop

O"ver*slop` (?), n. [AS. oferslop.] An outer garment, or slop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Overslow

O`ver*slow" (?), v. t. To render slow; to check; to curb. [Obs.] Hammond.

Overslow

O"ver*slow", a. Too slow.

Oversman

O"vers*man (?), n.; pl. Oversmen (.

1. An overseer; a superintendent.

2. (Scots Law) An umpire; a third arbiter, appointed when two arbiters, previously selected, disagree.

Oversnow

O`ver*snow" (?), v. t. To cover with snow, or as with snow. [Poetic] Shak. Dryden.

Oversoon

O"ver*soon" (?), adv. Too soon. Sir P. Sidney.

Oversorrow

O`ver*sor"row (?), v. t. To grieve or afflict to excess. [Obs.] Milton.

Oversoul

O"ver*soul` (?), n. The all-containing soul. [R.]
That unity, that oversout, within which every man's particular being is contained and made one with all other. Emerson.

Oversow

O`ver*sow" (?), v. t. [AS. ofersawan.] To sow where something has already been sown. [R.]
His enemy came and oversowed cockle among the wheat. Matt. x

Overspan

O`ver*span" (?), v. t. To reach or extend over.

Overspeak

O`ver*speak" (?), v. t. & i. [AS. ofersprecan.] To exceed in speaking; to speak too much; to use too many words.

Overspin

O`ver*spin" (?), v. t. To spin out to too great length; to protract unduly. W. Cartwright.

Overspread

O`ver*spread" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overspread; p. pr. & vb. n. Overspreading.] [AS. oferspr.] To spread over; to cover; as, the deluge overspread the earth. Chaucer.
Those nations of the North Which overspread the world. Drayton.

Overspread

O`ver*spread", v. i. To be spread or scattered over.

Overspring

O`ver*spring" (?), v. t. To spring or leap over.

Overstand

O`ver*stand" (?), v. t. To stand on the price or conditions of, so as to lose a sale; to lose by an extravagant price or hard conditions. [Obs.]
What madman would o'erstand his market twice ? Dryden.

Overstare

O`ver*stare" (?), v. t. To outstare. [Obs.] Shak.

Overstare

O`ver*stare", v. i. To stare wildly. [Obs.] Ascham.

Overstate

O`ver*state" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstating.] To state in too strong terms; to exaggerate. Fuller.

Overstatement

O"ver*state"ment (?), n. An exaggerated statement or account.

Overstay

O`ver*stay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstayed (?) or Overstaid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstaying.] To stay beyond the time or the limits of; as, to overstay the appointed time. Bp. Hall.

Overstep

O`ver*step" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstepped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstepping.] [AS. ofersteppan.] To step over or beyond; to transgress. Shak.

Overstock

O"ver*stock` (?), n. Stock in excess. Tatler.

Overstock

O`ver*stock", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstocking.] To fill too full; to supply in excess; as, to overstock a market with goods, or a farm with cattle.

Overstore

O`ver*store" (?), v. t. To overstock. Sir. M. Hale.

Over-story

O`ver-sto`ry (?), n. (Arch.) The clearstory, or upper story, of a building.

Overstrain

O`ver*strain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Overstrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstraining.] To strain one's self to excess. Dryden.

Overstrain

O`ver*strain", v. t. To stretch or strain too much; as to overstrain one's nerves. Ayliffe.

Overstraitly

O`ver*strait"ly (?), adv. Too straitly or strictly. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Overstraw

O`ver*straw" (?), v. t. To overstrew. [Obs.] Shak.

Overstrew

O`ver*strew" (?), v. t. To strew or scatter over.

Overstrict

O"ver*strict" (?), a. Excessively strict.

Overstride

O`ver*stride" (?), v. t. To stride over or beyond.

Overstrike

O`ver*strike" (?), v. t. To strike beyond. [Obs.]

Overstrow

O`ver*strow" (?), v. t. See Overstrew.

Overstudious

O"ver*stu"di*ous (?), a. Too studious.

Oversubtile

O"ver*sub"tile (?), a. Excessively subtile.

Oversum

O"ver*sum` (?), n. A sum or quantity over; surplus. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Oversupply

O`ver*sup*ply" (?), v. t. To supply in excess.

Oversupply

O"ver*sup*ply`, n. An excessive supply.
A general oversupply or excess of all commodities. J. S. Mill.

Oversure

O"ver*sure" (?), a. Excessively sure.

Oversway

O`ver*sway" (?), v. t. To bear sway over.

Overswell

O`ver*swell" (?), v. t. & i. To swell or rise above; to overflow. [R.] Shak.

Overt

O"vert (?), a. [OF. overt, F. ouvert, p. p. of OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir, to open, of uncertain origin; cf. It. aprire, OIt. also oprire, L. aperire to open, operire to cover, deoperire to uncover. Perch. from L. aperire influenced by F. couvrir to cover. Cf. Aperient, Cover.]

1. Open to view; public; apparent; manifest.

Overt and apparent virtues bring forth praise. Bacon.

2. (Law) Not covert; open; public; manifest; as, an overt act of treason. Macaulay.

No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. Constitution of the U. S. &hand; In criminal law, an overt act is an open done in pursuance and manifestation of a criminal design; the mere design or intent not being punishable without such act. In English law, market overt is an open market; a pound overt is an open, uncovered pound.

Overtake

O`ver*take" (?), v. t. [imp. Overtook (?); p. p. Overtaken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overtaking.]

1. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; to catch up with.

Follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say . . . Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good. Gen. xliv. 4.
He had him overtaken in his flight. Spenser.

2. To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to overcome.

If a man be overtaken in a fault. Gal. vi. 1
I shall see The winged vengeance overtake such children. Shak.

3. Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (overtaken), drunken. [Obs.] Holland.

Overtalk

O`ver*talk" (?), v. i. To talk to excess. Milton.

Overtask

O`ver*task" (?), v. t. To task too heavily.

Overtax

O`ver*tax" (?), v. t. To tax or to task too heavily.

Overtedious

O`ver*te"di*ous (?), a. Too tedious.

Overtempt

O`ver*tempt" (?), v. t. To tempt exceedingly, or beyond the power of resistance. Milton.

Overthrow

O`ver*throw" (?), v. t. [imp. Overthrew (?); p. p. Overthrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overthrowing.]

1. To throw over; to overturn; to upset; to turn upside down.

His wife overthrew the table. Jer. Taylor.

2. To cause to fall or to fail; to subvert; to defeat; to make a ruin of; to destroy.

When the walls of Thebes he overthrew. Dryden.
[Gloucester] that seeks to overthrow religion. Shak.
Syn. -- To demolish; overturn; prostrate; destroy; ruin; subvert; overcome; conquer; defeat; discomfit; vanquish; beat; rout.

Overthrow

O"ver*throw` (?), n.

1. The act of overthrowing; the state of being overthrow; ruin.

Your sudden overthrow much rueth me. Spenser.
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2. (a) (Baseball) The act of throwing a ball too high, as over a player's head. (b) (Cricket) A faulty return of the ball by a fielder, so that striker makes an additional run.

Overthwart

O"ver*thwart" (?), a.

1. Having a transverse position; placed or situated across; hence, opposite. "Our overthwart neighbors." Dryden.

2. Crossing in kind or disposition; perverse; adverse; opposing. "Overthwart humor." Clarendon.

Overthwart

O"ver*thwart", adv. Across; crosswise; transversely. "Y'clenched overthwart and endelong." Chaucer.

Overthwart

O"ver*thwart", prep. Across; from alde to side of. "Huge trees overthwart one another." Milton.

Overthwart

O"ver*thwart`, n. That which is overthwart; an adverse circumstance; opposition. [Obs.] Surrey.

, v. t. To cross; to oppose. [Obs.]

Overthwartly

O`ver*thwart"ly, adv. In an overthwart manner;across; also, perversely. [Obs.] Peacham.

Overthwartness

O"ver*thwart"ness, n. The state of being overthwart; perverseness. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

Over O`ver* (?), v. t. To tilt over; to overturn.

Overtime

O"ver*time` (?), n. Time beyond, or in excess of, a limit; esp., extra working time.

Overtire

O`ver*tire" (?), v. t. To tire to excess; to exhaust.

Overtire

O`ver*tire", v. t. To become too tired. Br. Hall.

Overtitle

O`ver*ti"tle (?), v. t. To give too high a title to.

Overtly

O"vert*ly (?), adv. Publicly; openly.

Overtoil

O`ver*toil" (?), v. t. To overwork.

Overtoil

O`ver*toil", v. t. To weary excessively; to exhaust.
Then dozed a while herself, but overtoiled By that day's grief and travel. Tennyson.

Overtone

O"ver*tone` (?), n. [A translation of G. oberton. See Over,Tone.] (Mus.) One of the harmonics faintly heard with and above a tone as it dies away, produced by some aliquot portion of the vibrating sting or column of air which yields the fundamental tone; one of the natural harmonic scale of tones, as the octave, twelfth, fifteenth, etc.; an aliquot or "partial" tone; a harmonic. See Harmonic, and Tone. Tyndall.

Overtop

O`ver*top" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overtopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overtopping.]

1. To rise above the top of; to exceed in height; to tower above. "To old Pelion." Shak.

2. To go beyond; to transcend; to transgress.

If kings presume to overtop the law by which they reign, . . . they are by law to be reduced into order. Milton.

3. To make of less importance, or throw into the background, by superior excellence; to dwarf; to obscure. Becon.

Overtower

O`ver*tow"er (?), v. t. To tower over or above.

Overtower

O`ver*tow"er, v. i. To soar too high. [R.] Fuller.

Overtrade

O`ver*trade" (?), v. i. To trade beyond one's capital; to buy goods beyond the means of paying for or seleng them; to overstock the market.

Overtrading

O`ver*trad"ing (?), n. The act or practice of buying goods beyond the means of payment; a glutting of the market.

Overtread

O`ver*tread" (?), v. t. [AS. oferiredan.] To tread over or upon.

Overtrip

O`ver*trip" (?), v. t. To trip over nimbly.

Overtroubled

O`ver*trou"bled (?), a. Excessively troubled.

Overtrow

O`ver*trow" (?), v. i. To be too trustful or confident; to trust too much. [Obs.] Wyclif

Overtrust

O"ver*trust` (?), n. Excessive confidence.

Overtrust

O`ver*trust", v. t. & i. To trust too much. Bp. Hall.

Overture

O"ver*ture (?), [OF. overture, F. ouverture, fr. OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir. See Overt.]

1. An opening or aperture; a recess; a recess; a chamber. [Obs.] Spenser. "The cave's inmost overture." Chapman.

2. Disclosure; discovery; revelation. [Obs.]

It was he That made the overture of thy treasons to us. Shak.

3. A proposal; an offer; a proposition formally submitted for consideration, acceptance, or rejection. "The great overture of the gospel." Barrow.

4. (Mus.) A composition, for a full orchestra, designed as an introduction to an oratorio, opera, or ballet, or as an independent piece; -- called in the latter case a concert overture.

Overture

O"ver*ture, v. t. To make an overture to; as, to overture a religious body on some subject.

Overturn

O`ver*turn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overturned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overturning.]

1. To turn or throw from a basis, foundation, or position; to overset; as, to overturn a carriage or a building.

2. To subvert; to destroy; to overthrow.

3. To overpower; to conquer. Milton. Syn. -- To demolish; overthrow. See Demolish.

Overturn

O"ver*turn`, n. The act off overturning, or the state of being overturned or subverted; overthrow; as, an overturn of parties.

Overturnable

O`ver*turn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, overturned or subverted.

Overturner

O`ver*turn"er (?), n. One who overturns. South.

Overvail

O`ver*vail" (?), v. t. See Overveil.

Overvaluation

O"ver*val`u*a"tion (?), n. Excessive valuation; overestimate.

Overvalue

O`ver*val"ue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overvalued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overvaluing.]

1. To value excessively; to rate at too high a price. "To overvalue human power." Holyday.

2. To exceed in value. [R.] H. Brooke.

Overveil

O`ver*veil" (?), v. t. To veil or cover. Shak.

Overview

O"ver*view` (?), n. [Cf. Survey.] An inspection or overlooking. [Obs.] Shak.

Overvote

O`ver*vote" (?), v. t. To outvote; to outnumber in votes given. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

Overwalk

O`ver*walk" (?), v. t. To walk over or upon.

Overwar

O`ver*war" (?), v. t. To defeat. [Obs.] Warner.

Overwary

O"ver*wa"ry (?), a. Too wary; too cautious.

Overwash

O`ver*wash" (?), v. t. To overflow. Holinshed.

Overwasted

O`ver*wast"ed (?), a. Wasted or worn out; [Obs.] Drayton.

Overwatch

O"ver*watch" (?), v. t.

1. To watch too much.

2. To weary or exhaust by watching. Dryden.

Overwax

O`ver*wax" (?), v. i. To wax or grow too rapindly or too much. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

Overweak

O"ver*weak" (?), a. Too weak; too feeble.

Overwear

O`ver*wear" (?), v. t. To wear too much; to wear out. Drayton.

Overweary

O"ver*wea"ry (?) v. t. To weary too much; to tire out. Dryden.

Overweather

O`ver*weath"er (?), v. t. To expose too long to the influence of the weather. [Obs.] Shak.

Overween

O`ver*ween" (?), v. t. [AS. oferw. See Over, and Ween.] To think too highly or arrogantly; to regard one's own thinking or conclusions too highly; hence, to egotistic, arrogant, or rash, in opinion; to think conceitedly; to presume.
They that overween, And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen. Milton.

Overweener

O`ver*ween"er (?), n. One who overweens. [R.]
The conceits of warmed or overweening brain. Locke.

Overweening

O`ver*ween"ing, a. Unduly confident; arrogant; presumptuous; conceited. -- O`ver*ween"ingly, adv. Milton. -- O`ver*ween"ing*ness, n.
Here's an overweening rogue. Shak.

Overweening

O`ver*ween"ing, n. Conceit; arrogance. Milton.

Overweigh

O`ver*weigh" (?), v. t. To exceed in weight; to overbalance; to weigh down. Drayton. Hooker.

Overweight

O"ver*weight` (?), n.

1. Weight over and above what is required by law or custom.

2. Superabundance of weight; preponderance.

Overweight

O"ver*weight", a. Overweighing; excessive. [Obs.] "Of no overweight worth." Fuller.

Overwell

O`ver*well" (?), v. t. To overflow. R. D. Blackmore.

Overwet

O"ver*wet (?), n. Excessive wetness. [Obs.]
Another ill accident is, overwet at sowing time. Bacon.

Overwhelm

O`ver*whelm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overwhelmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overwhelming.]

1. To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly.

The sea overwhelmed their enemies. Ps. lxxviii. 53.
Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me. Ps. lv. 5.
Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them. Shak.
Gaza yet stands; but all her sons are fallen, All in a moment overwhelmed and fallen. Milton.

2. To project or impend over threateningly.

His louering brows o'erwhelming his fair sight. Shak.

3. To cause to surround, to cover. Papin.

Overwhelm

O"ver*whelm`, n. The act of overwhelming. [R.]

Overwhelming

O`ver*whelm"ing, a. Overpowering; irresistible. -- O`ver*whelm"ing*ly, adv.

Overwind

O`ver*wind" (?), v. t. To wind too tightly, as a spring, or too far, as a hoisting rope on a drum.

Overwing

O`ver*wing" (?), v. t. To outflank. [Obs.] Milton.

Overwise

O"ver*wise" (?), a. Too wise; affectedly wise. -- O`ver*wise"ly, adv. -- O`ver*wise"ness, n.

Overwit

O`ver*wit" (?), v. t. To outwit. Swift.

Overword

O`ver*word" (?), v. t. To say in too many words; to express verbosely. Hales.

Overwork

O`ver*work" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overworked (?) or Overwrought (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overworking.]

1. To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much or too long; to tire excessively; as, to overwork a horse.

2. To fill too full of work; to crowd with labor.

My days with toil are overwrought. Longfellow.

3. To decorate all over.

Overwork

O`ver*work", v. t. To work too much, or beyond one's strength.

Overwork

O"ver*work`, n. Work in excess of the usual or stipulated time or quantity; extra work; also, excessive labor.

Overworn

O`ver*worn" (?), p. p. & a. from Overwear, v. t. Worn out or subdued by toil; worn out so as to be trite.

Overwrest

O`ver*wrest" (?), v. t. To wrest or force from the natural or proper position. Shak.

Overwrestle

O`ver*wres"tle (?), v. t. To subdue by wrestling. [Obs.] Spenser.

Overwrought

O`ver*wrought (?), p. p. & a. from Overwork. Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.

Overzeal

O"ver*zeal (?), n. Excess of zeal. Fairfax.

Overzealous

O"ver*zeal"ous (?), a. Too zealous.

Ovicapsule

O`vi*cap"sule (?), n. [Ovum + capsule.]

1. (Anat) The outer layer of a Graafian follicle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as O\'94theca.

Ovicell

O"vi*cell` (?), n. [Ovum + cell.] (Zo\'94l) One of the dilatations of the body wall of Bryozoa in which the ova sometimes undegro the first stages of their development. See Illust. of Chilostoma.

Ovioular

O*vio"u*lar (?), a. [L. ovum an egg.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an egg.

Ovicyst

O"vi*cyst (?), n. [Ovum + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) The pouch in which incubation takes place in some Tunicata.

Ovidian

O*vid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style of Ovid.

Oviducal

O`vi*du"cal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to oviducts; as, oviducal glands.

Oviduct

O"vi*duct (?), n. [Ovum + duct: cf. F. oviducte.] (Anat.) A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.

Oviferous

O*vif"er*ous (?), a. [Ovum + -ferous: cf. F. ovif\'8are.] (Biol.) Egg-bearing; -- applied particularly to certain receptacles, as in Crustacea, that retain the eggs after they have been excluded from the formative organs, until they are hatched.

Oviform

O"vi*form (?), a. [Ovum + -form: cf. F. oviforme.] (Biol.) Having the form or figure of an egg; egg-shaped; as, an oviform leaf.

Ovigerons

O*vig"er*ons (?), a. [Ovum + -gerous: cf. F. ovigere.] (Biol.) Bearing eggs; oviferous.

Ovile

O"vile (?), a. See Ovine.

Ovine

O"vine (?), a. [L. ovinus, fr. ovis sheep: cf. F. ovine.] Of or pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep.

Ovipara

O*vip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Oviparous.] (Zo\'94l.) An artifical division of vertebrates, including those that lay eggs; -opposed to Vivipara.

Oviparity

O`vi*par"i*ty (?), n. [See Oviparous.] (Biol.) Generatuon by means of ova. See Generation.

Oviparous

O*vip"a*rous (?), a. [L. oviparus; ovum egg + parere to bring forth: cf. F. ovipare.] (Physiol.) Producing young from rggs; as, an oviparous animal, in which the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after exclusion; -- opposed to viviparous.

Oviposit

O`vi*pos"it (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oviposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Ovipositing.] [See Ovum, and Posit.] To lay or deposit eggs; -- said esp. of insects.

Oviposit

O`vi*pos"it, v. t. To deposit or lay (an egg).

Ovipositing, Oviposition

O`vi*pos"it*ing (?), O`vi*po*si"tion (?), n. The depositing of eggs, esp. by insects.

Ovipositor

O`vi*pos"i*tor (?), n. [L. ovum an egg + positor a placer, fr. ponere to place.] (Zo\'94l.) The organ with which many insects and some other animals deposit their eggs. Some ichneumon files have a long ovipositor fitted to pierce the eggs or larv\'91 of other insects, in order to lay their own eggs within the same.

Ovisac

O"vi*sac (?), n. [Ovum + sac.] (Anat) (a) A Graafian follicle; any sac containing an ovum or ova. (b) The inner layer of the fibrous wall of a Graafian follicle.

Ovist

O"vist (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Ovulist.

Ovococcus

O`vo*coc"cus (?), n.; pl. Ovococci (#). [Ovum + Gr. (Biol.) A germinal vesicle.

Ovoid, Ovoidal

O"void (?), O*void"al (?), a. [Ovum + -oid: cf. F. ovo\'8bde.] Resembling an egg in shape; egg-shaped; ovate; as, an ovoidal apple.

Ovoid

O"void (?), n. A solid resembling an egg in shape.

Ovolo

O"vo*lo (?), n. [It. ovolo, uovolo, fr. L. ovum an egg. Cf. Ovule.] (Arch.) A round, convex molding. See Illust. of Column. &hand; In Roman work it is usually a quarter circle in section; in Greek work it is flatter, and is equivalent to the echinus; that is, it has in section the elastic curve of the shell of the sea urchin. In medi\'91val architecture it is not distinguishable from the multitude of convex moldings, of all sections, which are used.

Ovology

O*vol"o*gy (?), n. [Ovum + -logy. Cf. F. ovologie.] That branch of natural history which treats of the origin and functions of eggs.

Ovoplasma

O`vo*plas"ma (?), n. [Ovum + plasma.] (Boil.) Yolk; egg yolk. Haeckel.

Ovotesttis

O`vo*test"tis (?), n. [NL. See Ovum, and Testis.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ which produces both ova and spermatozoids; an hermaphrodite gland.

Ovoviviparous

O*vo*vi*vip"a*rous (?), a. [Ovum + viviparous: cf. F. ovovivipare.] (Biol.) Oviparous, but hatching the egg while it is within the body, as some fishes and reptiles.

Ovular

O"vu*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Relating or belonging to an ovule; as, an ovular growth.

Ovulary

O"vu*la*ry (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to ovules.

Ovulate

O"vu*late (?), a. (Biol.) Containing an ovule or ovules.

Ovulation

O`vu*la"tion (?), n. (Phisiol.) The formation of ova or eggs in the ovary, and the discharge of the same. In the mammalian female the discharge occurs during menstruation.

Ovule

O"vule (?), n. [Dim. of L. ovum an egg: cf. F. ovule. Cf. Ovolo, Ovulum.] (Biol.) (a) The rudiment of a seed. It grows from a placenta, and consists of a soft nucleus within two delicate coatings. The attached base of the ovule is the hilum, the coatings are united with the nucleus at the chalaza, and their minute orifice is the foramen. (b) An ovum.

Ovuliferous

O`vu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Ovule + -ferous.] (biol.) Producing ovules.

Ovulist

O"vu*list (?) n. (Biol.) A believer in the theory (called encasement theory), current during the last century, that the egg was the real animal germ, and that at the time of fecundation the spermatozoa simply gave the impetus which caused the unfolding of the egg, in which all generations were inclosed one within the other. Also called ovist.

Ovulite

O"vu*lite (?), n. [Ovum + -lite.] A fossil egg.

Ovulum

O"vu*lum (?), n.; pl. Ovula (#). [NL. See Ovule.] (Biol.) An ovule.

Ovum

O"vum (?), n.; pl. L. Ova (#), E. Ovums (#). [L., an egg. See Oval.]

1. (Biol.) A more or less spherical and transparent mass of granular protoplasm, which by a process of multiplication and growth develops into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like the parent; an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See Illust. of Mycropyle. &hand; The ovum is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell substance, nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the higher animals the cell wall, a vertically striated membrane, is called the zona pellucida; the cell contents, the vitellus; the nucleus, the germinal vesicle; and the nucleolus, the germinal spot. The diameter of the ripe ovum in man and the domestic animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an inch.

Page 1026

2. (Arch.) One of the series of egg-shaped ornaments into which the ovolo is often carved. Gwilt.

Owch

Owch (?), n. See Ouch. [Obs.] Speser.

Owe

Owe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owed (?), (Ought ( obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Owing (?).] [OE. owen, awen,aghen, to have, own, have (to do), hence, owe, AS. \'began to have; akin to G. eigen, a., own, Icel. eiga to have, Dan. eie, Sw. \'84ga, Goth. \'a0igan, Skr. Ought, v., 2d Own, Fraught.]

1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.]

Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not. Shak.

2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his victoty to his lieutenants. Milton.

O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree. Pope.

3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate.

The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty. Bible (1551).
A son owes help and honor to his father. Holyday.
&hand; Owe was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. "Ye owen to incline and bow your heart." Chaucer.

4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services.

Owel

Ow"el (?), a. [OF. oel, owel, iwel,ivel, F. \'82gal, fr. L. aequalis.] (Law) Equal. [Obs.] Burrill.

Owelty

Ow"el*ty (?), n. [OF. oelt\'82, ivelt\'82.] (Law) Equality; -- sometimes written ovelty and ovealty. Burrill.

Owen

Ow"en (?), a.[See Own.] Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Owenite

Ow"en*ite (?), n. A follower of Robert Owen, who tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana.

Owher

O"wher (?), adv. [AS. \'behw\'91r.] Anywhere. [Obs.] "If he found owher a good fellow." Chaucer.

Owing

Ow`ing (?), P. p. & a. [Used in a passive sense for owed (AS. \'begen. See Own).]

1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due.

There is more owing her than is paid. Shak.

2. Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.; ascribable; -- with to; as, misfortunes are often owing to vices; his failure was owing to speculations.

Owl

Owl (?), n. [AS. ; akin to D. uil, OHG. , G. eule, Icel. ugla, Sw. ugla, Dan. ugle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any cpecies of raptorial birds of the family Strigid\'91. They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits. &hand; Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech owl, Snowy owl, under Barn\'3c Burrowing, etc. &hand; In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill omen. . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give it an air of wisdom. Am. Cyc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic pigeon. Owl monkey (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus Nyctipithecus. They have very large eyes. Called also durukuli. -- Owl moth ( (Zo\'94l.), a very large moth (Erebus strix). The expanse of its wings is over ten inches. -- Owl parrot (Zo\'94l.), the kakapo. -- Sea owl (Zo\'94l.), the lumpfish. -- Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime.

Owl

Owl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Owled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Owling.]

1. To pry about; to prowl. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To carry wool or sheep out of England. [Obs.] &hand; This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night.

3. Hence, to carry on any contraband trade. [Eng.]

Owler

Owl"er (?), n. [From Owl, v. i.] One who owls; esp., one who conveys contraband goods. See Owling, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

Owlery

Owl"er*y (?), n.; pl. Owleries (. An abode or a haunt of owls.

Owlet

Owl"et (?), n. [Dim. of owl. Cf. Howlet.] (Zo\'94l.) A small owl; especially, the European species (Athene noctua), and the California flammulated owlet (Megascops flammeolus). Owlet moth (Zo\'94l.), any noctuid moth.

Owl-eyed

Owl"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes like an owl's.

Owling

Owl"ing, n. [From Owl, v. i.] (O. Eng. Law) The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England contrary to the statute formerly existing. Blackstone.

Owlish

Owl"ish, a. Resembling, or characteristic of, an owl.

Owlism

Owl"ism (?), n. Affected wisdom; pompous dellness. [R.]

Owllight

Owl"light` (?), n. Glimmering or imperfect [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Own

Own (?), v. t. [OE. unnen to grant, permit, be pleased with, AS. unnan to grant; akin to OS. giunnan, G. g\'94nnen, Icel. unna; of uncertain origin. This word has been confused with own to possess.] To grant; to acknowledge; to admit to be true; to confess; to recognize in a particular character; as, we own that we have forfeited your love.
The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide owns. Keats.

Own

Own, a. [OE. owen, awen, auen, aughen, AS. \'begen, p. p. of \'began to possess; akin to OS. &emac;gan, G. & D. eigen, Icel. eiginn, Sw. & Dan. egen. &root;110. See Owe.] Belonging to; belonging exclusively or especially to; peculiar; -- most frequently following a possessive pronoun, as my, our, thy, your, his, her, its, their, in order to emphasize or intensify the idea of property, peculiar interest, or exclusive ownership; as, my own father; my own composition; my own idea; at my own price. "No man was his own [i. e., no man was master of himself, or in possession of his senses]." Shak. To hold one's own, to keep or maintain one's possessions; to yield nothing; esp., to suffer no loss or disadvantage in a contest. Shak.

Own

Own, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Owning.] [OE. ohnien, ahnien, AS. \'begnian, fr. \'begen own, a. See Own, a.] To hold as property; to have a legal or rightful title to; to be the proprietor or possessor of; to possess; as, to own a house.

Owner

Own"er (?), n. One who owns; a rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. Shak.

Ownerless

Own"er*less, a. Without an owner.

Ownership

Own"er*ship, n. The state of being an owner; the right to own; exclusive right of possession; legal or just claim or title; proprietorship.

Owre

Owre (?), n. [AS. r; akin to G. auerochs, OHG. , ohso, Icel. .] (Zo\'94l.) The aurohs. [Obs.]

Owse, Owser

Owse (?), Ow"ser (?), n. Tanner's ooze. See Ooze, 3.

Ox

Ox (?), n.; pl. Oxen (#). [AS. oxa; akin to D. os. G. ochs, ochse, OHG. ohso, Icel. oxi, Sw. & Dan. oxe, Goth. a\'a3hsa, Skr. ukshan ox, bull; cf. Skr. uksh to sprinkle. Humid, Aurochs.] (Zo\'94l.) The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals, male and female.
All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field. Ps. viii. 7.
&hand; The castrated male is called a steer until it attains its full growth, and then, an ox; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it is called a stag. The male, not castrated, is called a bull. These distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, ox is often applied both to the male and the female. The name ox is never applied to the individual cow, or female, of the domestic kind. Oxen may comprehend both the male and the female. Grunting ox (Zo\'94l.), the yak. -- Indian ox (Zo\'94l.), the zebu. -- Javan ox (Zo\'94l.), the banteng. -- Musk ox. (Zo\'94l.) See under Musk. -- Ox bile. See Ox gall, below. -- Ox gall, the fresh gall of the domestic ox; -- used in the arts and in medicine. -- Ox pith, ox marrow. [Obs.] Marston. -- Ox ray (Zo\'94l.), a very large ray (Dicerobatis Giorn\'91) of Southern Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also sea devil. -- To have the black ox tread on one's foot, to be unfortunate; to know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto). Leigh Hunt.

Oxacid

Ox`ac"id (?), n. (Chem.) See Oxyacid.

Oxalan

Ox"a*lan (?), n. [From Alloxan, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalline powder; -- called also oxaluramide.

Oxalantin

Ox`a*lan"tin (?), n. [From Alloxantin, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C6H4N4O5) obtained by the reduction of parabanic acid; -- called also leucoturic acid.

Oxalate

Ox"a*late (?), n. [Cf. F. oxalate. See Oxalic.] (Chem.) A salt of oxalic acid.

Oxaldehyde

Ox*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) Same as Glyoxal.

Oxalethyline

Ox`al*eth"yl*ine (?), n. [Oxalic + ethyl + -ine.] A poisonous nitrogenous base (C6H10N2) obtained indirectly from oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor, and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is probably related to pyridine.

Oxalic

Ox*al"ic (?), a. [From Oxalis: cf. F. oxalique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat family. Oxalic acid (Chem.), a dibasic acid, existing combined in oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for removing ink stains, mold, etc.

Oxaline

Ox"a*line (?), n. [Glyoxal + -ine.] (Chem.) See Glyoxaline.

Oxalis

Ox"a*lis (?), n. [L., a kind of sorrel, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants,mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate or multifoliolate leaves; -- called also wood sorrel.

Oxalite

Ox"a*lite (?), n. (Min.) A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron.

Oxaluramide

Ox`a*lur*am"ide (?), n. [Oxaluric + amide.] (Chem.) Same as Oxalan.

Oxalurate

Ox`a*lur"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxaluric acid.

Oxaluric

Ox`a*lur"ic (?), a. [Oxalyl + urea.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white silky crystalline substance.

Oxalyl

Ox"a*lyl (?), n. [Oxalic + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A hydrocarbon radical (C2O2) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it. (b) An old name for carbonyl. (c) An old name for carboxyl.

Oxamate

Ox*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxamic acid.

Oxamethane

Ox`a*meth"ane (?), n. [Oxamic + ethyl.] (Chem.) Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder.

Oxamethylane

Ox`a*meth"yl*ane (?), n. [Oxamic + methyl.] (Chem.) Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline substance.

Oxamic

Ox*am"ic (?), a. [Oxalic + amido] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid NH2.C2O2.HO obtained as a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with ammonia.

Oxamide

Ox*am"ide (?), n, [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.

Oxamidine

Ox*am"i*dine (?), n. [Oxygen + amido + -ine.] (Chem.) One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.

Oxanillamide

Ox`a*nill*am"ide (?), n. [Oxanilic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of oxamic acid; -- called also phenyl oxamide.

Oxanilate

Ox*an"i*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxanilic acid.

Oxanilic

Ox`an*il"ic (?), a. [Oxalic + aniline.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; -- used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by heating these substances together.

Oxanilide

Ox*an"i*lide (?), n. [Oxalic + aniline + amide.] (Chem.) a white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of oxalic acid; -- called also diphenyl oxamide.

Oxbane

Ox"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) A poisonous bulbous plant (Buphane toxicaria) of the Cape of Good Hope.

Oxbird

Ox"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The sanderling. (c) An African weaver bird (Textor alector).

Oxbiter

Ox"bit`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The cow blackbird. [Local, U. S.]

Oxbow

Ox"bow` (?), n. A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter U, and embracing an ox's neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing through the bar of the yoke; also, anything so shaped, as a bend in a river.

Oxeye

Ox"eye` (?), n. [Ox + eye.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. (b) The corn camomile (Anthemis arvensis). (c) A genus of composite plants (Buphthalmum) with large yellow flowers.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A titmouse, especially the great titmouse (Parus major) and the blue titmouse (P. c\'d2ruleus). [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dunlin. (c) A fish; the bogue, or box. Creeping oxeye (Bot.) a West Indian composite plant (Wedelia carnosa). -- Seaside oxeye (Bot.), a West Indian composite shrub (Borrichia arborescens).

Oxeyed

Ox"*eyed` (?), a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. Burton.

Oxfly

Ox"fly` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadfly of cattle.

Oxford

Ox"ford (?), a. Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England. Oxford movement. See Tractarianism. -- Oxford School, a name given to those members of the Church of England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for the Times," issued the period 1833 -- 1841. Shipley. -- Oxford tie, a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually covering the foot nearly to the ankle.

Oxgang

Ox"gang` (?), n. [Ox + gang, n., 1.] (O. Eng. Law) See Bovate.

Oxgoad

Ox"goad` (?), n. A goad for driving oxen.

Oxhead

Ox"head` (?), n. [Cf. Hogshead.] Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a dolt; a blockhead.
Dost make a mummer of me, oxhead? Marston.

Oxheal

Ox"heal` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Bear's-foot.

Oxheart

Ox"heart` (?), n. A large heart-shaped cherry, either black, red, or white.

Oxhide

Ox"hide` (?), n.

1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.

2. (O. Eng. Law) A measure of land. See 3d Hide.

Oxid

Ox"id (?), n. (Chem.) See Oxide.

Oxidability

Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. oxydabilit\'82.] Capability of being converted into an oxide.

Oxidable

Ox"i*da*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. oxydable.] Capable of being converted into an oxide.

Oxidate

Ox"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.] [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.) To oxidize. [Obs.]

Oxidation

Ox`i*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.) The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.

Oxidator

Ox"i*da`tor (?), n.

1. An oxidizer. [Obs.]

2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; -- called also oxygenator.

Page 1027

Oxide

Ox"ide (?), n. [F. oxyg\'8ane oxigen + acide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the υ of Gr. 'oxy`s, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.] (Chem.) A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; as, iron oxide, ethyl oxide, nitrogen oxide, etc. &hand; In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common.

Oxidizable

Ox"i*di`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being oxidized.

Oxidize

Ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.] (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride. &hand; In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.

Oxidizement

Ox"i*dize`ment (?), n. Oxidation. [R.]

Oxidizer

Ox"i*di`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers.

Oxidulated

Ox*id"u*la`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide. [R.]

Oxime

Ox"ime (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.

Oxindol

Ox*in"dol (?), n. [Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called lactam compound.

Oxiodic

Ox`i*od"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen.

Oxlike

Ox"like (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, an ox.

Oxlip

Ox"lip` (?), n. [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.) The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior).

Oxonate

Ox"o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxonic acid.

Oxonian

Ox*o"ni*an (?), a. Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay.

Oxonian

Ox*o"ni*an, n. A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.

Oxonic

Ox*on"ic (?), a. [Prob. glyoxalic + carbonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (C4H5N3O4) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related.

Oxpecker

Ox"peck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater.

Oxshoe

Ox"shoe` (?), n. A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof.

Oxter

Ox"ter (?), n. [AS. &omac;hsta.] The armpit; also, the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Oxtongue

Ox"tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as, Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and Helminthia echioides, both European herbs.

Oxy-

Ox"y- (?). (Chem.) A prefix, also used adjectively, designating: (a) A compound containing oxygen. (b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-. Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below).

Oxyacetic

Ox`y*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + acetic.] Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid.

Oxyacid

Ox`y*ac"id (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.) An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; -- contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-.

Oxyammonia

Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.) Same as Hydroxylamine.

Oxybenzene

Ox`y*ben"zene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol.

Oxybenzoic

Ox`y*ben*zo"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.) Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid.

Oxybromic

Ox`y*bro"mic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine.

Oxybutyric

Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.) Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (C3H6.OH.CO2H).

Oxycalcium

Ox`y*cal"ci*um (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + calcium.] Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as, the oxycalcium light. See Drummond light.

Oxycaproic

Ox`y*ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See Leucic.

Oxychloric

Ox`y*chlo"ric (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine. (b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See Perchloric.

Oxychloride

Ox`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic oxychloride.

Oxycrate

Ox"y*crate (?), n. [Gr. oxycrat.] (med.) A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman.

Oxycymene

Ox`y*cy"mene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol.

Oxygen

Ox"y*gen (?) n. [F. oxyg\'8ane, from Gr. acid.]

1. (Chem.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96. &hand; It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature.

2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]

Oxygenate

Ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating (?).] [Cf. F. oxyg\'82ner.] (Chem.) To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).

Oxygenation

Ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxyg\'82nation.] (Chem.) The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.

Oxygenator

Ox"y*gen*a`tor (?), n. An oxidizer.

Oxygenic

Ox`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.

Oxygenium

Ox`y*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) The technical name of oxygen. [R.]

Oxygenizable

Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Oxidizable.

Oxygenize

Ox"y*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oxygenizing (?).] (Chem.) To oxidize.

Oxygenizement

Ox"y*gen*ize`ment (?), n. Oxidation.

Oxygenous

Ox*yg"e*nous (?), a. Oxygenic.

Oxygon

Ox"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. oxygone.] (Geom.) A triangle having three acute angles.

Oxygonal, Oxygonial

Ox*yg"o*nal (?), Ox`y*go"ni*al (?), a. Having acute angles. Barlow.

OxYh\'91macyanin, Oxyh\'91mocyanin

Ox`Y*h\'91m`a*cy"a*nin (?), Ox`y*h\'91m`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + h\'91macyanin, h\'91mocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See H\'91macyanin.

Oxyh\'91moglobin, Oxyhemoglobin

Ox`y*h\'91m`o*glo"bin, Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + h\'91moglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hemoglobin.

Oxyhydrogen

Ox`y*hy"dro*gen (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + hydrogen.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. (Chem.) See Blowpipe. -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas.

Oxymel

Ox"y*mel (?), n. [L. oxymeli, Gr. (Med.) A mixture of honey, water, vinegar, and spice, boiled to a sirup. Sir T. Elyot.

Oxymethylene

Ox`y*meth"yl*ene, n. [Oxy- (a) + methylene.] (Chem.) Formic aldehyde, regarded as a methylene derivative.

Oxymoron

Ox`y*mo"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which an epithet of a contrary signification is added to a word; e. g., cruel kindness; laborious idleness.

Oxymuriate

Ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Old Chem.) A salt of the supposed oxymuriatic acid; a chloride. Oxymuriate of lime, chloride of lime.

Oxymuriatic

Ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + muriatic: cf. F. oxymuriatique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, oxygen and muriatic acid, that is, hydrochloric acid. [Archaic.] Oxymuriatic acid, chlorine, formerly so called on the supposition that it was a compound of oxygen and muriatic acid. [Obs.]

Oxyneurine

Ox`y*neu"rine (?), n. (Chem.) See Betaine.

Oxyntic

Ox*yn"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Acid; producing acid; -applied especially to certain glands and cells in the stomach.

Oxyopia, Oxyopy

Ox`y*o"pi*a (?), Ox"y*o`py (?), n. [NL. oxyopia, from Gr. (Med.) Excessive acuteness of sight.

Oxyphenic

Ox`y*phe"nic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + phenol.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the phenol formerly called oxyphenic acid, and now oxyphenol and pyrocatechin. See Pyrocatechin.

Oxyphenol

Ox`y*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) A phenol, oxyphenic acid, and now pyrocatechin.

Oxyphony

Ox*yph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Acuteness or shrillness of voice.

Oxyquinoline

Ox`y*quin"o*line (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + quinoline.] (Chem.) Hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline, -- called also carbostyril.

Oxyrhyncha

Ox`y*rhyn"cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The maioid crabs.

Oxyrrhodine

Ox*yr"rho*dine (?), n. [Gr. 'oxy`s acid + (Med.) A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses. Floyer.

Oxysalt

Ox"y*salt (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + salt.] (Chem.) A salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate.

Oxysulphide

Ox`y*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and sulphur.

Oxysulphuret

Ox`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) An oxysulphide. [Obsolescent]

Oxytocic

Ox`y*toc"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Promoting uterine contractions, or parturition. -- n. An oxytocic medicine or agent.

Oxytoluene

Ox`y*tol"u*ene (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + toluene.] One of three hydroxy derivatives of toluene, called the cresols. See Cresol.

Oxytone

Ox"y*tone (?), a. [Gr. Having an acute sound; (Gr. Gram.), having an acute accent on the last syllable.

Oxytone

Ox"y*tone, n.

1. An acute sound.

2. (Gr. Gram.) A word having the acute accent on the last syllable.

Oxytonical

Ox`y*ton"ic*al (?), a. (Gr. Gram.) Oxytone.

Oyer

O"yer (?), n. [Anglo F., a hearing, from OF. o\'8br, F. ou\'8br, to hear, L. audire. See Audible.] (Law) A hearing or an inspection, as of a deed, bond, etc., as when a defendant in court prays oyer of a writing. Blackstone. Oyer and terminer (Law), a term used in England in commissions directed to judges of assize about to hold court, directing them to hear and determine cases brought before them. In the U.S. the phrase is used to designate certain criminal courts.

Oyez

O"yez` (&omac;y&ecr;s; 277), interj. [Anglo-F. oyez hear ye. See Oyer.] Hear; attend; -- a term used by criers of courts to secure silence before making a proclamation. It is repeated three times. [Written also oyes.]

Oylet

Oy"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.]

1. See Eyelet.

2. (Arch.) Same as Oillet.

Oynoun

Oy"noun (?), n.Onion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Oyster

Oys"ter (?), n. [OF. oistre, F. hu\'8ctre, L. ostrea, ostreum,Gr. Osseous, Ostracize.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species.

2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl. Fresh-water oyster (Zo\'94l.), any species of the genus Etheria, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels. -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See lst Scalp, n. -- Oyster catcher (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of wading birds of the genus H\'91matopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (H. Bachmani) are the best known. -- Oyster crab (Zo\'94l.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster. -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea. -- Oyster fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish. -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T. porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters. -- Oyster plover. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oyster catcher, above. -- Oyster shell (Zo\'94l.), the shell of an oyster. -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in oysters. -- Pearl oyster. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pearl. -- Thorny oyster (Zo\'94l.), any spiny marine shell of the genus Spondylus.

Oyster Oys"ter (?), n. (Bot.) A green membranous seaweed (Ulva) often found growing on oysters but common on stones, piles, etc.

Oystering

Oys"ter*ing, n. Gathering, or dredging for, oysters.

Oysterling

Oys"ter*ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young oyster.
Page 1028

Ozona

O*zo"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ozaena, Gr. (Med.) A discharge of fetid matter from the nostril, particularly if associated with ulceration of the soft parts and disease of the bones of the nose.

Ozocerite

O`zo*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A waxlike mineral resin; -- sometimes called native paraffin, and mineral wax.

Ozonation

O`zo*na"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting into, or producing, ozone; ozonization.

Ozone

O"zone (?), n. [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous substance (O

Ozonic

O*zon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone.

Ozonification

O*zo`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Ozone + L. -ficare to make. See fy. ] (Chem.) The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action of, ozone.

Ozonization

O`zo*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Ozonation.

Ozonize

O"zo*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ozonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ozonizing.] (Chem.) (a) To convert into ozone, as oxygen. (b) To treat with ozone.

Ozonizer

O"zo*ni`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone.

Ozonometer

O`zo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Ozone + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture. Faraday.

Ozonometric

O`zo*no*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or used for, the determination of the amount of ozone; of or relating to ozonometry.

Ozonometry

O`zo*nom"e*try (?), n. (Chem.) The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.

Ozonoscope

O*zo"no*scope (?), n. [Ozone + -scope.] (Chem.) An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone.

Ozonoscopic

O*zo`no*scop"ic (?), a. [Ozone + Gr. (Chem.) Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.

Ozonous

O"zo*nous (?), a. Pertaining to or containing, ozone.
Page 1029

Pack

Pack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.] [Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See Pack, n.]

1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack fish.

Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. Addison.
Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. Shak.

2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play, or the audience, packs the theater.

3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly.

And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope.

4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes.

The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of Italian bishops. Atterbury.

5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.]

He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies. Fuller.

6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a horse.

Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. Shack.

7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off to school.

He . . . must not die
Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. Shak.

8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.]

9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack, n., 5.

10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the piston of a steam engine.

Pack

Pack, v. i.

1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.

2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well.

3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to pack. [Eng.]

4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away.

Poor Stella must pack off to town Swift.
You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson.

5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak. To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him packing. South.

Package

Pack"age (?), n.

1. Act or process of packing.

2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods.

3. A charge made for packing goods.

4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.

Packer

Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.

Packet

Pack"et (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]

1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of letters. Shak.

2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat. Packet boat, ship, ∨ vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet note ∨ post. See under Paper.

Packet

Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.]

1. To make up into a packet or bundle.

2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.

Her husband Was packeted to France. Ford.

Packet

Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.

Packfong

Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.

Pack herse

Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.

Packhouse

Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods.

Packing

Pack"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who packs.

2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically (Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a) A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint. (b) The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc.

3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]

4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale. Cherd packing (Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under Stuffing. -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston. -- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet prepared for packing hydropathic patients.

Packman

Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (. One who bears a pack; a peddler.

Pack saddle, Pack thread

Pack saddle, Pack thread. See under 2d Pack.

Packwax

Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax.

Packway

Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.

Paco, Pacos

Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Alpaca.

2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure.

Pact

Pact (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. p\'beca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon.
The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the constitution. Burke.

Paction

Pac"tion (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement; a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pactional

Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp. Sanderson.

Pactitious

Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or agreement. [R.] Johnson.

Pactolian

Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden sands.

Pacu

Pa"cu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu), of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as food.

Pad

Pad (?), n. [D. pad. &root;21. See Path.]

1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison

An abbot on an ambling pad. Tennyson.

3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually called a footpad. Gay. Byron.

4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]

Pad

Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.]
Padding the streets for half a crown. Somerville.

Pad

Pad, v. i.

1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan.

2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad

Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.]

1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.

2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper.

3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.

4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals.

6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.

7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc.

8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck. W. C. Russel.

9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.] Simmonds. Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. -- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.

Pad

Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.]

1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.

2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad cloth. Ure.

Padar

Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton.

Padder

Pad"der (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pads.

2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.]

Padding

Pad"ding, n.

1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.

2. The material with which anything is padded.

3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc. London Sat. Rev.

4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.

Paddle

Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw.

1. To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc.

As the men were paddling for their lives. L'Estrange.
While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. Gay.

Paddle

Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling (?)]

1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.

To be paddling palms and pinching fingers. Shak.

2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.

3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.]

Paddle

Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.]

1. An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.

2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.

Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon. Deut. xxiii. 13.

3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel.

4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -- also called clough.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.

6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or mixing.

7. [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.] Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers. [Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; -- called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. -- Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length.

Paddlecock

Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Paddlefish

Pad"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill sturgeon.

Padder

Pad"der (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles.

Paddlewood

Pad"dle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks.

Paddock

Pad"dock (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde, toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zo\'94l.) A toad or frog. Wyclif. "Loathed paddocks." Spenser Paddock pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone. -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool.

Paddock

Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.]

1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.]

2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable. Evelyn. Cowper.

Paddy

Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish; vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges (1585). "The paddy persons." Motley.

Paddy

Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.

Paddy

Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.] (Bot.) Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. Paddy bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Java sparrow, under Java.

Padelion

Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.

Padella

Pa*del"la (?), n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also padelle.

Pademelon

Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wallaby.

Padesoy

Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy.

Padge

Padge, n. (Zo\'94l.) The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl. [Prov. Eng.]

Padishah

Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia.

Padlock

Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.]

1. A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.

2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.

Padlock

Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Padlocking.] To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.

Padnag

Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag." Macaulay.

Padow

Pad"ow (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A paddock, or toad. Padow pipe. (Bot.) See Paddock pipe, under Paddock.

Padrone

Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See Patron.]

1. A patron; a protector.

2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.

3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, street musicians, etc.

Paduasoy

Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F. pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.]

Paducahs

Pa*du"cahs (?), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (. (Ethnol.) See Comanches.

P\'91an

P\'91"an (?), n. [L. paean, Gr. P\'91on, Peony.] [Written also pean.]

1. An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a song addressed to other deities.

2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public p\'91ans of congratulation." De Quincey.

3. See P\'91on.

P\'91dobaptism

P\'91`do*bap"tism (?), n. Pedobaptism.
Page 1030

P\'91dogenesis

P\'91`do*gen"esis (?), n. [Gr. , , child + E. genesis.] (Zo\'94l.) Reproduction by young or larval animals.

P\'91dogenetic

P\'91`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Producing young while in the immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.

P\'91on

P\'91"on (?), n. [L. paeon, Gr. a solemn song, also, a p\'91on, equiv. to P\'91an.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, p\'91an.]

P\'91onine

P\'91"o*nine (?), n. (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also red coralline.

P\'91ony

P\'91"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

Pagan

Pa"gan (?), n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim, Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.] One who worships false goods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.
Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man. Shak.
Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.

Pagan

Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See Pagan, n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or superstitions.
And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden.

Pagandom

Pa"gan*dom (?), n. The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. [R.]

Paganic, Paganical

Pa*gan"ic (?), Pa*gan"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] "The paganic fables of the goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

Paganish

Pa"gan*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The old paganish idolatry." Sharp

Paganism

Pa"gan*ism (?), n. [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and cf. Painim.] The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.

Paganity

Pa*gan"i*ty (?), n. [L. Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan; paganism. [R.] Cudworth.

Paganize

Pa"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paganizing (?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism. Hallywell.

Paganize

Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton.

Paganly

Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More.

Page

Page (?), n. [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. puer. Cf. Pedagogue, Puerile.]

1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.

He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. Bacon.

2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.

4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack.

5. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus Urania.

Page

Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.

Page

Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact, Pageant, Pagination.]

1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.

Such was the book from whose pages she sang. Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.

3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page.

Page

Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with folios.

Pageant

Pag"eant (?), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to join together, compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page of a book.]

1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played." Shak.

To see sad pageants of men's miseries. Spenser.

2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or display.

The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day ! Pope.
We love the man, the paltry pageant you. Cowper.

Pageant

Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp." Dryden.

Pageant

Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He pageants us." Shak.

Pageantry

Pag"eant*ry (?), n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality; splendor.
Such pageantry be to the people shown. Dryden.
The pageantry of festival. J. A. Symonds.
Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.

Pagehood

Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page.

Pagina

Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. Pagin\'91 (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus.

Paginal

Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L. paginalis.] Consisting of pages. "Paginal books." Sir T. Browne.

Pagination

Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.

Paging

Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.

Pagod

Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.]

1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod." Pope.

2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Pagoda

Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a house of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a temple.]

1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.

2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C.

3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.

Pagodite

Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite.

Paguma

Pa*gu"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form.

Pagurian

Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.

Pah

Pah (?), interj. An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah.
Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination. Shak.

Pah

Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New Zealand.] Farrow.

Pahi

Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands.

Pahlevi

Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi.

Pahoehoe

Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n. (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.<-- Sandwich islands = Hawaii -->

PahUtes

Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes.

Paid

Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay.

1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney.

2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer.

Paideutics

Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr. , fr. to teach, fr. ,, a boy.] The science or art of teaching.

Paien

Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Paigle

Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose. [Written also pagle, pagil, peagle, and pygil.]

Paijama

Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama.

Pail

Pail (?), n. [OE. paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. p\'91gel half a pint.] A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.

Pailful

Pail"ful (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (. The quantity that a pail will hold. "By pailfuls." Shak.

Paillasse

Pail*lasse" (?; F. , n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.] An under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.]

Pailmall

Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.]

Pain

Pain (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish, Punish.]

1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty. Chaucer.

We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon.
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. Dryden.
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. Addison.

2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer. &hand; Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.

3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.

She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. 19.

4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish. Chaucer.

In rapture as in pain. Keble.

5. See Pains, labor, effort. Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pain

Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE. peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.]

1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).

2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.

Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. Lock

3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his parents.

I am pained at mJer. iv. 19.
To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might." Chaucer. Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture.

Painable

Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.]
The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and painable for being composed of gold or silver. Evelyn.

Painful

Pain"ful (?), a.

1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing Addison.

2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a painful service; a painful march.

3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller.

A very painful person, and a great clerk. Jer. Taylor.
Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. Dryden.
Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. -- Pain"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain"ful*ness, n.

Painim

Pai"nim (?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham.

Painless

Pain"less (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv. -- Pain"less*ness, n.

Pains

Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.
And all my pains is sorted to no proof. Shak.
The pains they had taken was very great. Clarendon.
The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled. Dryden.

Painstaker

Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work. Gay.

Painstaking

Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive. "Painstaking men." Harris.

Painstaking

Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance. Beau. & Fl.

Painsworthy

Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains o

Paint

Paint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.] [OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. opeindre to paint, fr. L. pingere, pictum; cf. Gr. many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture, Pigment, Pint.]

1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc.

Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.

2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.

Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. Shak.
Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight. Shak.

3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape.

4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.

Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness. Shak.
If folly grow romantic, I must paint it. Pope.
Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; describe.

Paint

Paint, v. t.

1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well.

2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.

Let her paint an inch thick. Shak.

Paint

Paint, n.

1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface.

2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.

Painted

Paint"ed, a.

1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.

As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. Coleridge.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; painted bunting. Painted beauty (Zo\'94l.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle (Zo\'94l.), a common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow markings beneath.

Painter

Paint"er (?), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL. panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. ; painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything. Totten.

Painter

Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zo\'94l.) The panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper.

Painter

Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.: (a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. Painter's colic. (Med.) See Lead colic, under Colic. -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.
Page 1031

Painterly

Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of a visage." Sir P. Sidney.

Paintership

Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br. Gardiner.

Painting

Paint"ing, n.

1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors.

2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture.

3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.

4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words. Syn. -- See Picture.

Paintless

Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless patience." Savage.

Painture

Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.] The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.

Painty

Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface. [Cant]

Pair

Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]

1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]

Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. Beau. & Fl.

2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes.

3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen.

4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The hapless pair." Milton.

5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows.

6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant]

7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion. &hand; Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair. Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and prial.] Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs."

Pair

Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.]

1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.

2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.

My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. Rowe.

3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below. To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair, n., 6.

Pair

Pair, v. t.

1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another.

Glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope.

2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.) See under Fin.

Pair

Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pairer

Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Pairing

Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.]

1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.

2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i. Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair.

Pairment

Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Pais

Pa`is (?), n. [OF. pu\'8bs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country; the people of the neighborhood. &hand; A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury.

Paisano

Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, (Zo\'94l.) The chaparral cock.

Paise

Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman.

Pajock

Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.

Pakfong

Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong.

Pal

Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang]

Palace

Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven hills of Rome, Paladin.]

1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer.

2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.

3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house. Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

Palacious

Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.

Paladin

Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.

Pal\'91o-

Pa"l\'91*o- (?). See Paleo-.

Pal\'91ographer, n., Pal\'91ographic

Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic (, a., etc. See Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.

Pal\'91otype

Pa"l\'91*o*type (?), n. [Pal\'91o- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pal\'91stra

Pa*l\'91s"tra (?), n. See Palestra.

Pal\'91stric

Pa*l\'91s"tric (?), a. See Palestric.

Pal\'91tiologist

Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pal\'91tiology.

Pal\'91tiology

Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pal\'91o- + \'91tiology.] The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth. -- Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.

Palama

Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together.

Palamede\'91

Pal`a*me"de*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.

Palampore

Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore.

Palanka

Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga, phalanga a pole, Gr. (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.

Palanquin

Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya, palya, bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a a hook, flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]

Palapteryx

Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.

Palatability

Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness.

Palatable

Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable advice.

Palatableness

Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish; acceptableness.

Palatably

Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner.

Palatal

Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones.

2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of k in kirk.

Palatal

Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the letters k and y.

Palatalize

Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize.

Palate

Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.]

1. (Anat.) The roof of the mouth. &hand; The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum.

2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.

Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. Pope.

3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.

4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.

Palate

Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.

Palatial

Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond.

Palatial

Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow.

Palatial

Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.

Palatic

Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine.

Palatic

Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.]

Palatinate

Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell.

Palatinate

Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.

Palatine

Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See Palace, and cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges. Count palatine, County palatine. See under Count, and County. -- Palatine hill, ∨ The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied by the palace of the C\'91sars. See Palace.

Palatine

Pal"a*tine (?), n.

1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th Count.

2. The Palatine hill in Rome.

Palatine

Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate. Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.

Palatine

Pal"a*tine, (Anat.) A palatine bone.

Palative

Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative delights." Sir T. Browne.

Palatize

Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#), n. J. Peile.

Palato-

Pal"a*to- (?). [From Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to indicate relation to, or connection with, the palate; as in palatolingual.

Palatonares

Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The posterior nares. See Nares.

Palatopterygoid

Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones are developed.

Palaver

Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.]

1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.

2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.

This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. Carlyle.

Palaver

Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully.
Palavering the little language for her benefit. C. Bront

Palaverer

Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer.

Pale

Pale (?), a. [Compar. Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. p\'83le, fr. p\'83lir to turn pale, L. pallere to be oAppall, Fallow, pall, v. i., Pallid.]

1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

Speechless he stood and pale. Milton.
They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph.

2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon.

The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little paler. Shak.
&hand; Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc.

Pale

Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.

Pale

Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.
Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning.

Pale

Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.
The glowpale his uneffectual fire. Shak.

Pale

Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol a stake, and lst Pallet.]

1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.

Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer.

2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay.

4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.

5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.

6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.

7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened. English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.

Pale

Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.
[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable and roaring waters. Shak.

Palea

Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. Pale\'91 (-&emac;). [L., chaff.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.

Paleaceous

Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or consisting of pale\'91, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle.

Palearctic

Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.

Paled

Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.]

1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled part per part." Spenser.

2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser.

Pale\'89chinoidea

Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also Pal\'91echini. [Written also Pal\'91echinoidea.]
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Paleface

Pale"face` (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.

Paleichthyes

Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.] (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also Pal\'91ichthyes.]

Palely

Pale"ly (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily. Thackeray.

Palempore

Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De Colange.

Paleness

Pale"ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.
The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look. Pope.

Palenque

Pa*len"que (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of Nicaragua and Honduras.

Paleo-

Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. , adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient; as, palearctic, paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also pal\'91o-.]

Paleobotanist

Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany.

Paleobotany

Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n. [Paleo- + botany.] That branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.

Paleocarida

Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ancient + , , , a kind of crustacean.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Merostomata. [Written also Pal\'91ocarida.]

Paleocrinoidea

Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks.

Paleocrystic

Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. ice.] Of, pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.

Paleog\'91an

Pa`le*o*g\'91"an (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. the eart] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also pal\'91og\'91an.]

Paleograph

Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript.

Paleographer

Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.

Paleographic, Paleographical

Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?), Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pal\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography.

Paleographist

Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer.

Paleography

Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. pal\'82ographie.]

1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic paleography.

2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.

Paleola

Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl. Paleol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. palea.] (Bot.) A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.

Paleolith

Pa"le*o*lith (?), n. [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.) A relic of the Paleolithic era.

Paleolithic

Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human beings.

Paleologist

Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.

Paleology

Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + -logy.] The study or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise on antiquities; arch\'91ology .

Paleontographical

Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.

Paleontography

Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -graphy.] The description of fossil remains.

Paleontological

Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paleontology. -- Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Paleontologist

Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pal\'82ontologiste.] One versed in paleontology.

Paleontology

Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -logy. Cf. Ontology.] The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life.

Paleophytologist

Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist.

Paleophytology

Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + phytology.] Paleobotany.

Paleornithology

Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + ornithology.] The branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.

Paleosaurus

Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. ancient + (Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.

Paleotechnic

Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a. [Paleo- + technic.] Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France." D. Wilson.

Paleothere

Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F. pal\'82oth\'8are.] (Paleon.) Any species of Paleotherium.

Paleotherian

Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F. pal\'82oth\'82rien.] (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.

Paleotherium

Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama. [Written also Pal\'91otherium.]

Paleotheroid

Pa`le*o*the"roid (?), [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.) Resembling Paleotherium. -- n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere.

Paleotype

Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See Pal\'91otype.

Paleous

Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Paleozoic

Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological time during which life is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology.

Paleozo\'94logy

Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.

Paleozo\'94ogy

Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + zo\'94logy.] The science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.

Palesie, Palesy

Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Palestinian, Palestinean

Pal`es*tin"i*an (?), Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Palestine.

Palestra

Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L. Palestr\'91 (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL., fr. L. palaestra, Gr. [Written also pal\'91stra.] (Antiq.) (a) A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.

Palestrian, Palestric, Palestrical

Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric (?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), a. [L. palaestricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.

Palet

Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea.

Paletot

Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp. paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment, -- of varying fashion.

Palette

Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.]

1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments. [Written also pallet.]

2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt.

3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill. Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture. Fairholt.

Palewise

Pale"wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon palewise.

Palfrey

Pal"frey (?), n. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL. palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a post horse.]

1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer.

2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser.

Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson.

Palfreyed

Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell.

Palgrave

Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave.

Pali

Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus.

Pali

Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. p\'beli row, line, series, applied to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.

Palification

Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Paliform

Pa"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a palus; as, the paliform lobes of the septa in corals.

Palilogy

Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L. palilogia, Gr. (Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as, "The living, the living, he shall praise thee." Is. xxxviii. 19.

Palimpsest

Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.] A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.

Palindrome

Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel.

Palindromic, Palindromical

Pal`in*drom"ic (?), Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.

Palindromist

Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes.

Paling

Pal"ing (?), n.

1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit; an inclosure.

They moved within the paling of order and decorum. De Quincey.

2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer. Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards. [Eng.]

Palingenesia

Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis.

Palingenesis, Palingenesy

Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. paling\'82n\'82sie. See Genesis.]

1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in different manner or form.

2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, in zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.

Palingenetic

Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a palingenetic process. -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Palinode

Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. Ode.]

1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode.

2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys.

Palinodial

Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction. J. Q. Adams.

Palinody

Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood.

Palinurus

Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of \'92neas.] (Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass

Palisade

Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata, palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a stake.]

1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.

2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes. Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. -- Palisade worm (Zo\'94l.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often fatal.

Palisade

Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Palisading.] [Cf. F. palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades.

Palisading

Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground.

Palisado

Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (. A palisade. [Obs.] Shak.

Palisado

Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne.

Palish

Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan.

Palissander

Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b) Rosewood.

Palissy

Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry. Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.

Palkee

Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind. p\'belk\'c6; of the same origin as E. palanquin.] A palanquin. Malcom.

Pall

Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl.

Pall

Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS. p\'91l, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle, pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.]

1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.

His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. Spenser.

2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).

3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium.

About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into England, -- the one for London, the other for York. Fuller.

4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter Y.

5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.

Warriors carry the warrior's pall. Tennyson.

6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the chalice.

Pall

Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak

Pall

Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.] [Either shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. p\'83lir to grow pale. Cf. Appall, Pale, a.] To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls.
Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and palls upon the sense. Addisin.

Pall

Pall, v. t.

1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to weaken. Chaucer.

Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury.

2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.

Pall

Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.

Palla

Pal"la (?), n. [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with brooches.

Palladian

Pal*la"di*an (?), a. (Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century.

Palladic

Pal*la"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with palladious compounds.

Palladious

Pal*la"di*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds.

Palladium

Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy.

2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights. Blackstone.

Palladium

Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2.
Page 1033

Paladiumize

Pala"di*um*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.]

Pallah

Pal"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (\'92pyceros melampus). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also roodebok.

Pallas

Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.<-- usu. spelled Athena -->

Pallbearer

Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.

Pallet

Pal"let (?), n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. pala straw, pal\'beva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of straw. Milton.

Palet

Pa"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.

Pallet

Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.]

1. (Paint.) Same as Palette.

2. (Pettery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.

3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over the bands.

4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack. Knight.

5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight.

6. (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C.

7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes.

8. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.

9. A cup containing three ounces, --

Pallial

Pal"li*al (?), a. [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See Illust. of Bivalve. Pallial chamber (Zo\'94l.), the cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial sinus (Zo\'94l.), an inward bending of the pallial line, near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.

Palliament

Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak.

Palliard

Pal"liard (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr. paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]

1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden.

Palliasse

Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse.

Palliate

Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the garment.]

1. Covered with a mant [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Palliate

Pal"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palliating(?).]

1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide. [Obs.]

Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat. Sir T. Herbert.

2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults.

They never hide or palliate their vices. Swift.

3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease.

To palliate dullness, and give time a shove. Cowper.
Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate, Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus palliate approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or quite identical. "To palliate is not now used, though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench.

Palliation

Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.]

1. The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; as, the palliation of faults, offenses, vices.

2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon.

3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being covered or disguised. [Obs.]

Palliative

Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving to extenuate or mitigate.

Palliative

Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W. Scott.

Palliatory

Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating.

Pallid

Pal"lid (?), a. [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See pale, a.] Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid blue. Spenser.

Pallidity

Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness.

Pallidly

Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner.

Pallidness

Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness.

Palliobranchiata

Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Brachiopoda.

Palliobranchiate

Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.

Pallium

Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Pallia(Palliums (#). [L. See Pall the garment.]

1. (Anc. Costume) A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of a Greek garment.

2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a pall. &hand; The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle of a bird.

Pall-mall

Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall Mall. [Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.

Pallone

Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.

Pallor

Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.] Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer. Taylor.

Palm

Palm (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. p\'beni hand, and E. fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.]

1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist.

Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson.

2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height. &hand; In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc.

3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers.

5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.

Palm

Palm, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]

1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palm\'91 or Palmace\'91; a palm tree. &hand; Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto.

2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing.

A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii. 9.

3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer.

So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. Shak.
Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella l\'91vis), having a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zo\'94l.), the common paradoxure. -- Palm crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (El\'91is Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See El\'91is. -- Palm swift (Zo\'94l.), a small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zo\'94l.), any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larv\'91 bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm toddy. -- Palm worm, ∨ Palmworm. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of a palm weevil. (b) A centipede.

Palm

Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.]

1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior.

2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.

They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior.

3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; -- usually with off.

For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden.

Palmaceous

Pal*ma"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature of, or resembling, palms.

Palma Christi

Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; -- called also castor-oil plant. [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]

Palmacite

Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm.

Palmar

Pal"mar (?), a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F. palmaire.]

1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds.

Palmarium

Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.

Palmary

Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar.

Palmary

Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy; pre\'89minent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work. Br. Horne.

Palmate

Pal"mate (?), n.(Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.]

Palmate, Palmated

Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm of a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.]

1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread.

2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers. Gray.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain corals, antlers, etc.

Palmately

Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner.

Palmatifid

Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to split.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than halfway to the common center.

Palmatilobed

Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common center.

Palmatisect, Palmatisected

Pal*mat"i*sect (?), Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.

Palmcrist

Palm"crist (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version, note.)

Palmed

Palmed (?), a. Having or bearing a palm or palms. Paimed deer (Zo\'94l.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.

Palmer

Palm"er (?), n. [From Palm, v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.

Palmer

Palm"er, n.[From Palm the tree.] A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer.
Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. P. Plowman.
The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the palmer to all. T. Staveley.

Palmerworm

Palm"er*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.

Palmette

Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of palme a palm.] A floral ornament, common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called the honeysuckle ornament.

Palmetto

Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the Cham\'91rops, ∨ Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage.
Page 1034

Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.

Palmic

Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic acid. [Obsoles.]

Palmidactyles

Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.

Palmiferous

Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf. F. palmif\'8are.] Bearing palms.

Palmigrade

Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.] (Zo\'94l.) Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some mammals.

Palmin

Pal"min (?), n. [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil. (b) Ricinolein. [Obs.]

Palmiped

Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Web-footed, as a water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.

Palmipedes

Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Natatores.

Palmister

Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From Palm of the hand.] One who practices palmistry Bp. Hall.

Palmistry

Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.]

1. The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper.

2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.

Palmitate

Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.

Palmite

Pal"mite (?), n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium Palmita) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making brushes.

Palmitic

Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline body belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62° C.

Palmitin

Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol. Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl tripalmitate.

Palmitolic

Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric with linoleic acid.

Palmitone

Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.

Palm Sunday

Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.

Palmy

Palm"y (?), a.

1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy shore. Pope.

His golden sands and palmy wine. Goldsmith.

2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.

In the most high and palmy state of Rome. Shak.

Palmyra

Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis) having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.

Palola

Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid (Palola viridis) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pcific Islands, where it is collected for food.

Pallometa

Pal`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pompano.

Palp

Palp (?), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpus.

Palp

Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]
To bring a palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth. Heywood.

Palpability

Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch. Arbuthnot.

Palpable

Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel, stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.]

1. Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a palpable form. Shak.

Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. Milton.

2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman.

[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Shak.
-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv.

Palpation

Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.]

1. Act of touching or feeling.

2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.

Palpator

Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a stroker.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary palpi.

Palpebra

Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. Palpebr\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The eyelid.

Palpebral

Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F. palp\'82bral.] Of or pertaining to the eyelids.

Palprbrate

Pal"pr*brate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having eyelids.

Palped

Palped (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a palpus.

Palpi

Pal"pi (?), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zo\'94l.) See Palpus.

Palpicorn

Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antenn\'91, and long maxillary palpi.

Palpifer

Pal"pi*fer (?), n. [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpiger.

Palpiform

Pal"pi*form (?), a. [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a palpus.

Palpiger

Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.

Palpigerous

Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a. [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing a palpus. Kirby.

Palpitant

Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L. palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing; trembling. Carlyle.

Palpitate

Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palpitating(?).] [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare. See Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from excitement.

Palpitation

Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.

Palpless

Palp"less (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a palpus.

Palpocil

Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zo\'94l.) A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.

Palpus

Pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zo\'94l.) A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.

Palsgrave

Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.

Palsgravine

Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.] The consort or widow of a palsgrave.

Palsical

Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic. [R.] Johnson.

Palsied

Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed.

Palstave

Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan. paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.

Palster

Pal"ster (?), n. [D. palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Palsy

Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie, F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3. Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, under Writer. -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking and tottering gait.

Palsy

Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to paralyze.

Palsywort

Pal"sy*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior.

Palter

Pal"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paltering.] [See Paltry.]

1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.

Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak.
Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with eternal God for power. Tennyson.

3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]

Palter

Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal statutes." Beau. & Fl.

Palterer

Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson.

Palterly

Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys.

Paltock

Pal"tock (?), n. [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Paltrily

Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner.

Paltriness

Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry.

Paltry

Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (; superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov. E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse; paltry gold. Cowper.
The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron.
Syn. -- See Contemptible.

Paludal

Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.] Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy districts.

Paludament

Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum.

Paludamentum

Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.; pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom. Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.

Paludicol\'91

Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.

Paludicole

Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zo\'94l.) Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91

Paludina

Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L. Paludin\'91 (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond snail, under Pond.

Paludinal

Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps.

Paludine

Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a marsh. Buckland.

Paludinous

Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a.

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.

2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]

Paludism

Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.

Paludose

Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy places; marshy.

Palule

Pal"ule (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Palulus or Palus.

Palulus

Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palus.

Palus

Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals.

Palustral

Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.]

Palustrine

Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.

Paly

Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak. Whittier.

Paly

Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. pal\'82. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures disposed alternately.

Pam

Pam (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of clubs. [Obs.] Pope.

Pament

Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pampano

Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pompano.

Pampas

Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia. Pampas cat (Zo\'94l.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zo\'94l.), a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, ∨ Blastocerus, campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass (Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.

Pamper

Pam"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe thick pap, and E. pap.]

1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr. T. Dwight.

2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride; to pamper the imagination. South.

Pampered

Pam"pered (?), a. Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. -- Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

Pamperer

Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.

Pamperize

Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.

Pampero

Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr. pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish.

Pamperos

Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing. Pampero (. [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.

Pamphlet

Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF. palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name given to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]

1. A writing; a book. Testament of love.

Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. Ascham.

2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.

Page 1035

Pamphlet

Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.

Pamphleteer

Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden. Macaulay.

Pamphleteer

Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets.
By pamphleteering we shall not win. C. Kingsley.

Pampiniform

Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.

Pampre

Pam"pre (?), n. [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.

Pamprodactylous

Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.

Pan-, Panta-, Panto-

Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?), Pan"to- (?). [Gr. Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama, pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as pamprodactylous.

Pan

Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.]

1. A part; a portion.

2. (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.

3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver.

Pan

Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W. panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Pan

Pan (?), n. [Hind. p\'ben, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See .

Pan

Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.

Pan

Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E. paten.]

1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A bowl or a pan." Chaucer.

2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under Vacuum.

3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.

4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.

5. (C A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.

6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan, under Hard.

7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud. Flash in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical. Ridley. Southey.

Pan

Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining) To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan. [U. S.]
We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out, which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand. Gen. W. T. Sherman.

Pan

Pan, v. i.

1. (Mining) To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; -- usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.

2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang, U. S.] <-- Pan v.t. & i., to scan (a movie camera), usu. in a horizontal direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the camera so as to keep the subject in view. 2. to criticise (a drama or literary work) harshly. -->

Panabase

Pan"a*base (?), n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number of metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.

Panacea

Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.

2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.

Panacean

Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean dews." Whitehead.

Panache

Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.
A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott.

Panada, Panade

Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F. panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.]

Panade

Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Panama hat

Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata).

Pan-American

Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See Pan-.] Of or pertaining to both North and South America.

Pan-Anglican

Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a. [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.

Panary

Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L. panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking.

Panary

Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.

Pancake

Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak.

Pancarte

Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Pance

Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.]

Panch

Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch.

Panchway

Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.

Pancratian

Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic.

Pancratiast

Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium.

Pancratiastic

Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.

Pancratic

Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Opt.) Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power.

Pancratic, Pancratical

Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al (?), a. [See Pancratium.] Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne

Pancratist

Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast.

Pancratium

Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling.

2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.

Pancreas

Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pancr\'82as.] (Anat.) The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

Pancreatic

Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pancr\'82atique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments. Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas.

Pancreatin

Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion. &hand; By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still others to steapsin.

Pancy

Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.

Panda

Pan"da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern India.

Pandanus

Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine.

Pandar

Pan"dar (?), n. Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius." Macaulay.

Pandarism

Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift.

Pandarize

Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.]

Pandarous

Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.]

Pandean

Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan. Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.<-- also, pipes of Pan -->

Pandect

Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.]

1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.

[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. Donne.

2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.

Pandemic

Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. pand\'82mique.] Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic disease. Harvey.

Pandemonium

Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr.

1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. Milton.

2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.

Pander

Pan"der (?), n. [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the possession of Cressida.]

1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.

Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak.

2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another.

Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke.

Pander

Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.] To play the pander for. <-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve one's purpose by appealing to a person's base emotions (less noble desires), as lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions -->

Pander

Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander.

Panderage

Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering.

Panderism

Pan"der*ism (?), n. The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp. Hall.

Panderly

Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly rascals." Shak.

Pandermite

Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.

Panderous

Pan"der*ous (?), Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.

Pandiculated

Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out; stretched.

Pandiculation

Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr. pandere to spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.

Pandit

Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit.

Pandoor

Pan"door (?) n. Same as Pandour.

Pandora

Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a gift.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.

Pandore

Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]<-- a bandura? -->

Pandour

Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.]
Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. Campbell.

Pandowdy

Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.

Pandurate, Panduriform

Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form: cf. F. panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of an animal.

Pane

Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.

Pane

Pane, n. [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.]

1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.

2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown.

3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.

4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.

5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.

Paned

Paned (?), a.

1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger.

2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut.

Panegyric

Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F. pan\'82gyrique. See Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.

Panegyric, Panegyrical

Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), a. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s, from pa^, pa^n all + Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv.
Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.

Panegyris

Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Panegyric.] A festival; a public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.

Panegyrist

Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L. panegyrista, Gr. Panegyric.] One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by writing or speaking.
If these panegyrists are in earnest. Burke.

Panegyrize

Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.

Panegyrize

Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.

Panegyry

Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.

Panel

Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.]

1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.

Page 1036

2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill.

3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.

4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.

5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.

6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.

7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.

8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.

9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss. Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.

Panel

Pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paneling or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot.<-- to put panels on (e.g. a wall) --> Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back.

Panelation

Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written also panellation.] Wood.

Paneless

Pane"less (?), a. Without panes.
To patch his paneless window. Shenstone.

Paneling

Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also panelling.]

Panelwork

Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting.

Paneulogism

Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise. [R.]
Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev.

Panful

Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.

Pang

Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death. Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.

Pang

Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.] Shak.

Pangenesis

Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity. &hand; The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism occurs.<-- ingenious, but wrong. A hundred years later we are still only beginning to understand the development process. -->

Pangenetic

Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.

Pangful

Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson.

Pangless

Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron.

Pangolin

Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also scaly ant-eater.

Pangothic

Pan*goth"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.

Panhellenic

Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.

Panhellenism

Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.

Panhellenist

Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism.

Panhellenium

Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.

Panic

Pan"ic (?), n. [L. panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass. Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.

Panic

Pan"ic, a. [Gr. panique.] Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.

Panic

Pan"ic, n. [Gr. panigue. See Panic, a.]

1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.

2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.

Panical

Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.

Panicle

Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end. <-- Illustr. of a panicle -->

Panicled

Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate.

Panic-stricken, Panic-struck

Pan"ic-strick`en (?), Pan"ic-struck` (?), a. Struck with a panic, or sudden fear. Burke.

Paniculate, Paniculated

Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) Same as Panicled.

Panicum

Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass.

Panidiomorphic

Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.

Panier

Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

Panification

Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure.

Panim

Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.

Panislamism

Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.

Panivorous

Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating bread; subsisting on bread.

Pannade

Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse.

Pannage

Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

Pannary

Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon.

Pannel

Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.]

1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.

2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.

3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march. Farrow.

Pannier

Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis bread. Cf. Pantry.]

1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.

2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles.

3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.

Panniered

Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.

Pannikel

Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pannikin

Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat. Thackeray.

Pannose

Pan"nose` (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.

Pannus

Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids. Foster.

Panoistic

Pan`o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing ova only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells.

Panomphean

Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining. [R.]
We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. Mrs. Browning.

Panoplied

Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply.

Panoply

Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor. Milton.
We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God. Ray.

Panopticon

Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.]

1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.

2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

Panorama

Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pan-, and Wary.]

1. A complete view in every direction.

2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point.

3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator.

Panoramic, Panoramical

Pan`o*ram"ic (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama. Panoramic camera. See under Camera.

Panorpian

Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa. -- n. Same as Panorpid.

Panorpid

Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant lice.

Panpharmacon

Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

Panpresbyterian

Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

Pansclavic, Pansclavism, Pansclavist, Pansclavonian

Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an (?). See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

Panshon

Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pansied

Pan"sied (?), a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The pansied grounds." Darwin.

Panslavic

Pan`slav"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic races.

Panslavism

Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one confederacy.

Panslavist

Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism.

Panslavonian

Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic.

Pansophical

Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.

Pansophy

Pan"so*phy (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib.

Panspermatist, Panspermist

Pan*sper"ma*tist (?), Pan"sper`mist (?), n. (Biol.) A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.

Panspermic

Pan`sper"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the panspermic hypothesis.

Panspermy

Pan"sper`my (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the opposite of spontaneous generation.

Panstereorama

Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C.

Pansy

Pan"sy (?), n.; pl. Pansies (#). [F. Pens\'82e thought, pansy, fr. penser to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and many other quaint names.

Pant

Pant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.]

1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.

Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden.

2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.

As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1.
Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope.

3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser.

4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic]

The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. Pope.

Pant

Pant, v. t.

1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.

There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish. Shelley.

2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.]

Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert.

Pant

Pant, n.

1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton.

2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.

Panta-

Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.

Pantable

Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]

Pantacosm

Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. See Cosmolabe.

Pantagraph

Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph.

Pantagruelism

Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.]

1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used in burlesque or ridicule.

2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.] Donaldson.

Pantalet

Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of pantal.] One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural.

Pantaloon

Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr.

1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison.

The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak.

2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.

3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.

Pantaloonery

Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n.

1. The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.] Lamb.

2. Materials for pantaloons.

Pantamorph

Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.

Pantamorphic

Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. Taking all forms.

Pantascope

Pan"ta*scope (?), n. [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.) A pantascopic camera.

Pantascopic

Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera.
Page 1037

Pantastomata

Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.

Pantechnicon

Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Technic.] A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.

Pantelegraph

Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph.

Panter

Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve.

Panter

Pan"ter (?), n.[F. panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Panter

Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Panteutonic

Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races.

Pantheism

Pan"the*ism (?), n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe; cosmotheism.

Pantheist

Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism.

Pantheistic, Pantheistical

Pan`the*is"tic (?), Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. -- Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pantheologist

Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology.

Pantheology

Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pan- + theology.] A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.

Pantheon

Pan*the"on (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panth\'82on. See Pan-, and Theism.]

1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.

2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek pantheon.

Panther

Pan"ther (?), n. [OE. pantere, F. panth\'8are, L. panthera, Gr. pundr\'c6ka a tiger.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zo\'94logists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body.

2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the jaguar. <-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus, or pardus) --> Panther cat (Zo\'94l.), the ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zo\'94l.), a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypr\'91a pantherina); -- so called from its color.

Pantheress

Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zo\'94l.) A female panther.

Pantherine

Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.

Pantile

Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its side (

Pantingly

Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.

Pantisocracy

Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n. [Panto- + Gr. A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.

Pantisocrat

Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist.

Pantisocratic

Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.

Pantisocratist

Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy. Macaulay.

Pantler

Pan"tler (?), n. [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry. [Obs.] Shak.

Panto-

Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.

Pantochronometer

Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + chronometer.] An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C.

Pantofle

Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written also pantable and pantoble.]

Pantograph

Pan"to*graph (?), n. [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.] An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and incorrectly pentagraph.] <-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a collapsible frame, resembling a pantograph (1). --> Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original figure; -- also called plagiograph.

Pantographic, Pantographical

Pan`to*graph"ic (?), Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pantographique.] Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.

Pantography

Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description; entire view of an object.

Pantological

Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology.

Pantologist

Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.

Pantology

Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Panto- + -logy.] A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.

Pantometer

Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.

Pantometry

Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric (#), a. [R.]

Pantomime

Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See Mimic.]

1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor. [Obs.]

2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without speaking; a pantomimist.

[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone. Tylor.

3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.

4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.

Pantomime

Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime dance.

Pantomimic, Pantomimical

Pan`to*mim"ic (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. "Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pantomimist

Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.

Panton

Pan"ton (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.

Pantophagist

Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of food.

Pantophagous

Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. Eating all kinds of food.

Pantophagy

Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. The habit or power of eating all kinds of food.

Pantopoda

Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pycnogonida.

Pantoscopic

Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a. [Panto- + -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.<-- = bifocal -->

Pantry

Pan"try (?), n.; pl. Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr. panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread, L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept.

Panurgic

Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Skilled in all kinds of work. "The panurgic Diderot." J. Morley.

Panurgy

Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey.

Panyard

Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.

Panym

Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.]

Panzoism

Pan*zo"ism (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H. Spencer.

Paolo

Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents.

Pap

Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]

1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden.

The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27.

2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.

Pap

Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.]

1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water.

2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap. [Colloq. & Contemptuous]

3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.

Pap

Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.

Papa

Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.]

1. A child's word for father.

2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.

Papabote

Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The upland plover. [Local, U. S.]

Papacy

Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See Pope.]

1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.

2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.

3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.

Papagay

Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Popinjay, 1 (b).

Papain

Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical America.

Papal

Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]

1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal edict; the papal benediction. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians." Bp. Burnet. Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara.

Papalist

Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.

Papality

Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papaut\'82.] The papacy. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton.

Papalize

Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.]

Papalize

Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper.

Papally

Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly

Papalty

Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Papaphobia

Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. [R.]

Paparchy

Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope; papal rule.

Papaver

Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the poppy.

Papaveraceous

Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Papaverace\'91) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.

Papaverine

Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine.

Papaverous

Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy. Sir T. Browne.

Papaw

Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also pawpaw.]

1. (Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the order Passiflore\'91. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.<-- juice contains papain, a protease? -->

2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.

Papboat

Pap"boat` (?), n.

1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); -- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.

Pape

Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father; specifically, the pope. [Obs.]

Papejay

Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Paper

Pa"per (?), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.]

1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.

2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.

They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden.

4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper.

5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper hangings, below.

7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium, etc.

8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; as, cantharides paper. &hand; Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat. <-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes --> In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.

Page 1038

&hand; Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight, etc. Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies. -- Laid paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force. -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate-iron disks. Forney. -- Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] -- Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin. -- Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. -- Paper nautilus. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. -- Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. -- Paper sailor. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper wasp (Zo\'94l.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine. -- Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books. -- Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. -- Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account. -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.<-- paper tiger, a person or group that appears to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual -->

Paper

Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper army.

Paper

Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.]

1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a room or a house.

2. To fold or inclose in paper.

3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]

Paperweight

Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n.

Papery

Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper. Gray.

Papescent

Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap; like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Papess

Pa"pess (?), n. [F. papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Papeterie

Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A case or box containing paper and materials for writing.

Paphian

Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L. Paphius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.

Paphian

Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.

Papier-mach\'82

Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82" (?), n. [F. papier m\'83ch\'82, lit., chewed or mashed paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually by means of molds.

Papilio

Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a butterfly.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of butterflies. &hand; Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow-tailed butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related species.

Papilionaceous

Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a.

1. Resembling the butterfly.

2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionace\'91) which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.

Papiliones

Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.

Papilionides

Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The typical butterflies.

Papilla

Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl. Papill\'91 (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the papill\'91 of the tongue.

Papillar

Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose.

Papillary

Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papill\'91; bearing, or covered with, papill\'91; papillose.

Papillate

Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papill\'91; to take the form of a papilla, or of papill\'91.

Papillate

Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose.

Papilliform

Pa*pil"li*form (?), a. [Papilla + -form.] Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform.

Papilloma

Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Papillomata (#). [NL. See Papilla, and -Oma.] (Med.) A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.

Papillomatous

Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata.

Papillose

Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing, papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar; papillary.

Papillote

Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.

Papillous

Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose.

Papillulate

Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or depression.

Papion

Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.

Papism

Pa"pism (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive term. Milton.

Papist

Pa"pist (?), n. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.

Papistic, Papistical

Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. papistique.] Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Papistry

Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery. [R.] Whitgift.

Papized

Pa"pized (?), a. [From Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized writers." Fuller.

Papoose

Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America.

Pappiform

Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants.

Pappoose

Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose. Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.

Pappose

Pap*pose" (?) a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy.

Pappous

Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose.

Pappus

Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order Composit\'91; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.

Pappy

Pap"py (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent; tender. Ray.

Papuan

Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua.

Papuars

Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (. (Ethnol.) The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.

Papula

Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. Papul\'91 (#). [L.]

1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule. Quain.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.

Papular

Pap"u*lar (?), a.

1. Covered with papules.

2. (Med.) Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of papules; as, a papular eruption.

Papule

Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (. Same as Papula.

Papulose

Pap"u*lose` (?), a. (Biol.) Having papul\'91; papillose; as, a papulose leaf.

Papulous

Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. pap.] Covered with, or characterized by, papul\'91; papulose.

Papyraceous

Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.] Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.

Papyrean

Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.

Papyrine

Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.] Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid.

Papyrograph

Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n. [Papyrus + -graph.] An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold.

Papyrography

Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#), a.

Papyrus

Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. Paper.]

1. (Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family, formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.

2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and pressed.

3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.

P\'83que

P\'83que (?), n. [F. p\'83que.] See Pasch and Easter.

Par

Par (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Parr.

Par

Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

Par

Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.

2. Equality of condition or circumstances. At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium. -- Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par, on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value, nominal value; face value.

Para-

Par"a- (?). [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.]

1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is contrary to opinion; parachronism.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively.

Para

Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. p\'berah a piece.] A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent.

Parabanic

Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl urea.

Parablast

Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr. Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot.

Parablastic

Par`a*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, the parablastic cells.

Parable

Par"a*ble (?), a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Parable

Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. gal to drop. Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.] A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer.
Declare unto us the parable of the tares. Matt. xiii. 36.
Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.

Parable

Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.]
Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. Milton.

Parabola

Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf. Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = Cubical, and Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.

Parabole

Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parable.] (Rhet.) Similitude; comparison.

Parabolic, Parabolical

Par`a*bol"ic (?), Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. parabolique. See Parable.]

1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.

2. [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid. Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.

Page 1039

Parabolically

Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.

1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.

2. In the form of a parabola.

Paraboliform

Par`a*bol"i*form (?), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola in form.

Parabolism

Pa*rab"o*lism (?), n. [From Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first term. [Obs.]

Parabolist

Pa*rab"o*list (?), n. A narrator of parables.

Paraboloid

Pa*rab"o*loid (?), n. [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. parabolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to a given line are parabolas. &hand; The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders. Hutton.

Paraboloidal

Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.

Parabronchium

Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL. See Para-, Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium.

Paracelsian

Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand.

Paracelsian

Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings. Hakewill.

Paracelsist

Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian.

Paracentesis

Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.

Paracentric, Paracentrical

Par`a*cen"tric (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + centric, -ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a center. Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called also a paracentric. -- Paracentric motton ∨ velocity, the motion or velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.

Parachordal

Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage.

Parachronism

Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time of its occurrence. [R.]

Parachrose

Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs.

Parachute

Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall. See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]

1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.<-- usu used for descending to the ground from an airplane, for military operations (airborne troops), in an emergency, or for sport (sky diving) -->

2. (Zo\'94l.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister. <-- parachutist; parachuting. parachute = verb -->

Paraclete

Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit.
From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson.

Paraclose

Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose.

Paracmastic

Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. Para-, and Acme.] (Med.) Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison.

Paraconic

Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.

Paraconine

Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.) A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.

Paracorolla

Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.

Paracrostic

Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref. para- + acrostic.] A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.

Paracyanogen

Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.

Paracymene

Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene.

Paradactylum

Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla (#). [NL. See Para-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) The side of a toe or finger.

Parade

Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.]

1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled.

2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled.

3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.

Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift.

4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a parade of firemen.

In state returned the grand parade. Swift.

5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.]

When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke.

6. A public walk; a promenade. Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm. Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the noise of victories." Spectator.

Parade

Pa*rade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.] [Cf. F. parader.]

1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.

Parading all her sensibility. Byron.

2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.

Parade

Pa*rade", v. i.

1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place.

2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review.

Paradigm

Par"a*digm (?), n. [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and Diction.]

1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of all things." Cudworth.

2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of inflection.

3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable.

Paradigmatic, Paradigmatical

Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?), Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Exemplary. -- Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Paradigmatic

Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of Christian excellence.

Paradigmatize

Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. Paradigm.] To set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond.

Paradisaic, Paradisaical

Par`a*di*sa"ic (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.

Paradisal

Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal.

Paradise

Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr. para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend pairida&emac;za an inclosure; pairi around (akin to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear, and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.]

1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their creation.

2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.

To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke xxiii. 43.
It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise. Longfellow.

3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a state of happiness.

The earth Shall be all paradise. Milton.
Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. Beaconsfield.

4. (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.

5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise. (Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. -- Paradise bird. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds (Epimachin\'91) also include some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish. -- Paradise flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), any flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested. -- Paradise grackle (Zo\'94l.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Whidah.

Paradise

Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston.

Paradisean

Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal.

Paradised

Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.

Paradisiac, Paradisiacal

Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley. T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope.
The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. G. Eliot.

Paradisial, Paradisian

Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

Paradisic

Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.

Paradisical

Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

Parados

Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse. Farrow.

Paradox

Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. Gr. Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true in fact.
A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable. Hooker.
This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. Shak.
Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.

Paradoxal

Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.]

Paradoxical

Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a.

1. Of the nature of a paradox.

2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions. Southey. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.

Paradoxer, n., Paradoxist

Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (, n. One who proposes a paradox.

Paradoxides

Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.

Paradoxology

Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paradox + -logy.] The use of paradoxes. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Paradoxure

Par`a*dox"ure (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang.

Paradoxy

Par"a*dox`y (?), n.

1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.

2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge

Paraffin, Paraffine

Par"af*fin (?), Par"af*fine (?), n. [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins. &hand; In the present chemical usage this word is spelt paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine. Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. -- Paraffin series. See Methane series, under Methane.

Parage

Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]

1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman.

2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions of a fee. Burrill.

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3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

We claim to be of high parage. Chaucer.

Paragenesis

Par`a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The science which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.

Paragenic

Par`a*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- the root of (Biol.) Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.

Paraglobulin

Par`a*glob"u*lin (?), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.

Paraglossa

Par`a*glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Paragloss\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.

Paragnath

Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Paragnathus.

Paragnathous

Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.

Paragnathus

Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl. Paragnathi (#). [NL. See Para-, and Gnathic.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids.

Paragoge

Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gram.) The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without.

2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.

Paragogic, Paragogical

Par`a*gog"ic (?), Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word. Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.

Paragon

Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp. paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr.

1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men. Spenser.

3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall.

Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak.
The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon. Emerson.

4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under Type.

Paragon

Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]

1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser.

In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover.

3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]

He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame. Shak.

Paragon

Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]
Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton.

Paragonite

Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps.

Paragram

Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. Paragraph.] A pun.
Puns, which he calls paragrams. Addison.

Paragrammatist

Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster.

Paragrandine

Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.] An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See Paragr. Knight.

Paragraph

Par"a*graph (?), n. [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-, and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.]

1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now, the character &hand; This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.

2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark

3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial paragraph.

Paragraph

Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paragraphing.]

1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ¶.

2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an article.

3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

Paragrapher

Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

Paragraphic, Paragraphical

Par`a*graph"ic (?), Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Paragraphist

Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher.

Paragraphistical

Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Para grass

Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.

Paragr\'88le

Pa`ra`gr\'88le" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le hail.] A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France] Knight.

Paraguayan

Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.

Paraguay tea

Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

Parail

Par"ail (?), n. See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers Plowman.

Parakeet

Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.

Paralactic

Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

Paralbumin

Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.

Paraldehyde

Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Paraleipsis

Par`a*leip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.]

Paralepsis

Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

Paralian

Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. A dweller by the sea. [R.]

Paralipomenon

Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles. &hand; In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings W. Smith.

Paralipsis

Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

Parallactic, Parallactical

Par`al*lac"tic (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. parallactique.] Of or pertaining to a parallax.

Parallax

Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.]

1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun. Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. -- Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved. -- Diurnal, ∨ Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet. -- Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. -- Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. -- Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star.

Parallel

Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parall\'8ale, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See Allien.]

1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.

Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt.
&hand; Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and with.

When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished. Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage. Addison. Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. -- Parallel columns, ∨ Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. -- Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.

Parallel

Par"al*lel (?), n.

1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.

Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ? Pope.

2. Direction conformable to that of another line,

Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth.

3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.

Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. Swift.

4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.

None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope.

6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page. Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.

Parallel

Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralleling (?).]

1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.

The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian. Sir T. Browne.

2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.

His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great justice. Shak.

3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.

4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.

My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.

Parallel

Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] Bacon.

Parallelable

Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Parallelism

Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lisme.]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.

A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton.

3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: --

At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down dead. Judg. v. 27.

Parallelistic

Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.
The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost. Milman.

Parallelize

Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.]

Parallelless

Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.]

Parallelly

Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Parallelogram

Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82logramme. See Parallel, and -gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

Parallelogrammatic

Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.
Page 1041

Parallelogrammic, Parallelogrammical

Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), a. Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

Parallelopiped

Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lopip\'8ade.] (Geom.) A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.

Parallelopipedon

Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton.

Paralogical

Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical doubt." Sir T. Browne.

Paralogism

Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. paralogisme.] (Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul\'91; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

Paralogize

Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises. [R.]

Paralogy

Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. False reasoning; paralogism.

Paralyse

Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze.

Paralysis

Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G. Eliot.
Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887).

Paralytic

Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.]

1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.

The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior.

3. Inclined or tending to paralysis. Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.

Paralytic

Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis.

Paralytical

Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic.

Paralyzation

Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed.

Paralyze

Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed his efforts.

Param

Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide.

Paramagnetic

Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. -- Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Paramagnetism

Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism. Faraday.

Paramaleic

Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called fumaric acid. [Obs.]

Paramalic

Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.

Paramastoid

Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

Paramatta

Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck (Draper's Dict.)

Parament

Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.] Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.]
Lords in paraments on their coursers. Chaucer.
Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

Paramento

Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.

Paramere

Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.

Parameter

Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. param\'8atre.]

1. (a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate. &hand; The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the latus rectum.

2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.

Parametritis

Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.

Paramiographer

Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. -graph + -er.] A collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]

Paramitome

Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.) The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

Paramo

Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. p\'91ramo.] A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.

Paramorph

Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Min.) A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite.

Paramorphism

Par`a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition.

Paramorphous

Par`a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.

Paramount

Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) + amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; pre\'89minent; as, a paramount duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon. Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the king. Syn. Superior; principal; pre\'89minent; chief.

Paramount

Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton.

Paramountly

Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner.

Paramour

Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and Amour.]

1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman.

The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour Macaulay.

2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.

Paramour, Paramours

Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?), adv. By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.]
For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.

Paramylum

Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water.

Paranaphthalene

Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.) Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

Paranoia

Par`a*noi"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Mental derangement; insanity.

Paranthracene

Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert isomeric modification of anthracene.

Paranucleus

Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as Nucleolus.

Para nut

Pa*ra" nut` (?). (Bot.) The Brazil nut.

Paranymph

Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.

2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.

Paranymphal

Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.]
At some paranymphal feast. Ford.

Parapectin

Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous modification of pectin.

Parapegm

Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. parapegme.] An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place. &hand; Parapegms were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.

Parapeptone

Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.

Parapet

Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard (L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus. See Parry, and Pectoral.]

1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the like.

2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.

Parapetalous

Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.

Parapeted

Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.

Paraph

Par"aph (?), n. [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.] A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande & C.

Paraph

Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.] [Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.

Parapherna

Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained her own.

Paraphernal

Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent.

Paraphernalia

Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L. parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]

1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.

2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.

Paraphimosis

Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward into place again.

Paraphosphoric

Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]

Paraphagma

Par`a*phag"ma (?), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a.

Paraphrase

Par"a*phrase (?), n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-, and Phrase.] A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to metaphrase.
In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense. Dryden.
Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. I. Disraeli.
His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. Sowth.
The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases. Shipley.

Paraphrase

Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphrasing (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the meaning of a passage in other language.
We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Paraphrase

Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase.

Paraphraser

Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases.

Paraphrasian

Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.]

Paraphrast

Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L. paraphrastes, Gr. paraphraste.] A paraphraser. T. Warton.

Paraphrastic, Paraphrastical

Par`a*phras"tic (?), Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), a. [Gr.paraphrastique.] Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal; free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

Paraphysis

Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.

Paraplegia, Paraplegy

Par`a*ple"gi*a (?), Par"a*ple`gy (?), n. [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. parapl\'82gie.] (Med.) Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. -- Par`a*pleg"ic (#), a.

Parapleura

Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl. Parapleur\'91 (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d Pleura.] (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.

Parapodium

Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also foot tubercle. &hand; They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often contain spines or set\'91. When well developed, a dorsal part, or notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.

Parapophysis

Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a.

Parapterum

Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.] (Zo\'94l.) A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects.

Paraquet, Paraquito

Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to (?), n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) See Parrakeet.

Parasang

Par"a*sang (?), n. [L. parasanga, Gr. farsang.] A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.

Parascenium

Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek & Rom. Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms.

Parasceve

Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr.

1. Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)

2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.

Paraschematic

Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc. Max M\'81ller.

Paraselene

Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl. Paraselen\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr. paras\'82l\'8ane.] (Meteor.) A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion.

Parasita

Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also Siphonostomata.
Page 1042

Parasital

Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.

Parasite

Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr.

1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.

Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st. Milton.
Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables. Udall.

2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.

Parasitic, Parasitical

Par`a*sit"ic (?), Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), a. [L. parasiticus, Gr. parasitique.]

1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & 3. Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zo\'94l.) See Jager. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.

Parasiticide

Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n. [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything used to destroy parasites. Quain.

Parasitism

Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.]

1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court parasitism." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)The state of being parasitic.

Parasol

Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It. parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.

Parasol

Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

Parasolette

Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol.

Parasphenoid

Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n. The parasphenoid bone.

Parastichy

Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Bot.) A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.

Parasynaxis

Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting.

Parasynthetic

Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray.

Paratactic

Par`a*tac"tic (?), a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.

Parataxis

Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; -- opposed to syntax. Brande & C.

Parathesis

Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr.

1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.

2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded. Smart.

3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets.

4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley.

Parathetic

Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis.

Paratonnerre

Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

Paraunter

Par*aun"ter (?), adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parauque

Pa*rauque" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.

Paravail

Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell. &hand; In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. Wharton.

Paravant, Paravant

Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant` (?), adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and lst Avaunt.]

1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.

Paraventure

Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv. [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Paraxanthin

Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.

Paraxial

Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of the axis of the skeleton.

Paraxylene

Par`a*xy"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene.

Parboil

Par"boil` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through (see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.]

1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.<-- the only def. in MW10. Also, used figuratively for "do (something) partly, incompletely" -->

Parbreak

Par"break` (?), v. i. & t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit. [Obs.] Skelton.

Parbreak

Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.

Parbuckle

Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.

Parbuckle

Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.

Parc\'91

Par"c\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.

Parcase

Par*case" (?), adv. [Par + case.] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parcel

Par"cel (?), n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.]

1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer.

Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot.
The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government. J. A. Symonds.

2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece.

3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group.

This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak.

4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet.

'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper.
Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.

Parcel

Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or Parcelling.]

1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak.

These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden.
The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson.

2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]

That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by Addition of his envy. Shak.

3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.

Parcel

Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.]
The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott.
One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson.
Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Parceling

Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.]

1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.

Parcel-mele

Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parcenary

Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship. &hand; It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent.

Parcener

Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of. paronnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, par, parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.

Parch

Parch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.] [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.]

1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.

Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14.

2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched from fever.

The ground below is parched. Dryden.

Parch

Parch, v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. "Parch in Afric sun." Shak.

Parchedness

Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched.

Parchesi

Par*che"si (?), n. See Pachisi.

Parching

Parch"ing (?), a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv.

Parchment

Parch"ment (?), n. [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL. pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.]

1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum.

But here's a parchment with the seal of C\'91sar. Shak.

2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. Parchment paper. See Papyrine.

Parcity

Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless. [Obs.]

Parclose

Par"close (?), n. [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and perclose.] Hook.

Pard

Pard (?), n. [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard; a panther.
And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak.

Pardale

Par"dale (?), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. Pard.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.] Spenser.

Parde, Pardie

Par*de" (?), Par*die" (?), adv. ∨ interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu by God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath. [Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.]
He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. Chaucer.

Pardine

Par"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Spotted like a pard. Pardine lynx (Zo\'94l.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.

Pardo

Par"do (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor, majesty.] A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.

Pardon

Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.]

1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.

Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak.
But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton.
Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon.

2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.

Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak.

3. The state of being forgiven. South.

4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses. Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.

Pardon

Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.] [Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par-, and Donation.]

1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.

In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18.
I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak.

2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.

I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S
Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak.

3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.

I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak.

4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]

Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak.
Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction. Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse.

Pardonable

Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.

Pardonableness

Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.

Pardonably

Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden.

Pardoner

Par"don*er (?), n.

1. One who pardons. Shak.

2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pardoning

Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a pardoning God.

Pare

Pare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F. parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.]

1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.

The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.

Paregoric

Par`e*gor"ic (?) a. [L. paregoricus, Gr. par\'82gorique. See Allegory.] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric elixir.

Paregoric

Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric elexir.

Parelcon

Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.

Parelectronomic

Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.

Parelectronomy

Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

Parella, Parelle

Pa*rel"la (?), Pa`relle (?), n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus.

Parembole

Pa*rem"bo*le (, n. [NL., from Gr. Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of parenthesis.
Page 1043

Parement

Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.]

Paremptosis

Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Same as Parembole.

Parenchyma

Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.

Parenchymal

Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.

Parenchymatous, Parenchymous

Par`en*chym"a*tous (?), Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), a. [Cf. F. parenchymateux.] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.

Parenesis

Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. Exhortation. [R.]

Parenetic, Parenetioal

Par`e*net"ic (?), Par`e*net"io*al (?), a. [Gr. par\'82n\'82tique.] Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.

Parent

Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, -entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf. Gr. parent. Cf. Part.]

1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.

Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.

2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness is the parent of vice.

Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing.
Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. -- Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under Division.

Parentage

Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak.
Though men esteem thee low of parentage. Milton.

Parental

Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations.

2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental care.

The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne.

Parentally

Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner.

Parentation

Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

Parentele

Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F. parent\'8ale, L. parentela.] Kinship; parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parenthesis

Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Para-, En-, 2, and Thesis.]

1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory parenthesis." Sir T. Browne.

Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long parenthesis. Watts.

2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase. &hand; Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.

Parenthesize

Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks. Lowell.

Parenthetic, Patenthetical

Par`en*thet"ic (?), Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr.

1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark.

A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales.

2. Using or containing parentheses.

Parenthetically

Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses.

Parenthood

Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.

Parentticide

Pa*rent"ti*cide (?), n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent + caedere to kill.]

1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

Parentless

Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents.

Parepididymis

Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.

Parer

Par"er (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.

Parergon

Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy.

Parergy

Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Paresis

Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.

Parethmoid

Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone.

Paretic

Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

Parfay

Par*fay" (?), interj. [Par + fay.] By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parfit

Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parfitly

Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parforn, Parfourn

Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?), v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

Pargasite

Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

Pargeboard

Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard.

Parget

Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] [OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.]

1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert.

The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson.

2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

Parget

Par"get, v. i.

1. To lay on plaster.

2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Parget

Par"get, n.

1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork. Knight.

3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.

Pargeter

Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson.

Pargeting

Par"get*ing, n. [Written also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught.

Pargetory

Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster. [Obs.] Milton.

Parhelic

Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia.

Parhelion

Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene.

Parhelium

Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion.

Pari-

Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal; as, paridigitate, paripinnate.

Pariah

Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.]

1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

2. An outcast; one despised by society. Pariah dog (Zo\'94l.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.), a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.

Parial

Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n.

Parian

Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian marble. Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.

Parian

Pa"ri*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

Paridigitata

Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla.

Parjdigitate

Par`j*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the hands or the feet. Qwen.

Paries

Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl. Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zo\'94l.) The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.

Parietal

Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F. pari\'82tal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them.

2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.

At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal Committee. B. H. Hall (1856).

3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.

4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta.

Parietal

Pa*ri"e*tal, n.

1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.

Parietary

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2.

Parietary

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf. Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st Pellitory.

Parietes

Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.]

1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal parietes; the parietes of the cranium.

2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

Parietic

Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic acid.

Parietine

Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.

Parieto-

Pa*ri"e*to- (. (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture.

Parigenin

Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n. [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.

Parillin

Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin.

Paring

Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.]

1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.

2. That which is pared off. Pope.

Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills. Mortimer.

Paripinnate

Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.

Paris

Par"is (?), n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic. &hand; It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.

Paris

Par"is, n. The chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n. -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.

Parish

Par"ish (?), n. [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse, parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia, Gr. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]

1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc. &hand; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes. Mozley & W.

2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]

3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other States.

Parish

Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in each parish.

Parishen

Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parishional

Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Parishioner

Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.] One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.

Parisian

Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.

Parisian

Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris.

Parisienne

Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris.

Parisology

Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]

Parisyllabic, Parisyllabical

Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?), Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Pari- + syllabic, -ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections.

Paritor

Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant, attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.

Paritory

Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Parity

Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parit\'82. See Pair, Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey.
Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne.

Park

Park (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.]

1. (Eng. Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W.

2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like. Chaucer.

While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and forget to fear. Waller.

3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York.

4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.

5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also parc.] Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks.

Park

Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.]

1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park.

How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak.

2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc.

Parker

Park"er (?), n, The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.

Parkeria

Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British zo\'94logist.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.
Page 1044

Parkesine

Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile.

Parkleaves

Park"leaves` (?), n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See Tutsan.

Parlance

Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.] Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance; in common parlance.
A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. Tennyson.

Parlando, Parlante

Par*lan"do (?), Par*lan"te (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a recitative.

Parle

Parle (?), v. i. [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to parley. [Obs.] Shak.
Finding himself too weak, began to parle. Milton.

Parle

Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.]
They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton.

Parley

Par"ley (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.
We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. Dryden.
To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

Parley

Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.] To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace.
They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. Shak.

Parliament

Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]

1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.]

But first they held their parliament. Rom. of R.

2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to make laws.

They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a parliament of Gauls. Golding.

3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws. &hand; Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above.

4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several principal judicial courts. Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament, Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.

Parliamental

Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.]

Parliamentarian

Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.

Parliamentarian

Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n.

1. (Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I. Walpole.

2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.

Parliamentarily

Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner.

Parliamentary

Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon.

2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M. Hale.

3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative bodies; as, a parliamentary motion. Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary train, one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.]

Parlor

Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See Parley.] [Written also parlour.] A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained. &hand; "In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.

Parlous

Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]

1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl.

2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak. "A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Parmesan

Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.

Parnassia

Par*nas"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.

Parnassian

Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus.

Parnassian

Par*nas"sian, n. [See Parnassus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.

Parnassus

Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.]

Paroccipital

Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

Parochial

Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.] Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. "The parochial mind." W. Black.

Parochialism

Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.

Parochiality

Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J. Marriot.

Parochialize

Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To render parochial; to form into parishes.

Parochially

Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Parochian

Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.] "Parochian churches." Bacon.

Parochian

Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL. parochianus.] A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh.

Parodic, Parodical

Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. parodique.] Having the character of parody.
Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. T. Warton.

Parodist

Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one who parodies. Coleridge.

Parody

Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Parodies (#). [L. parodia, Gr. parodie. See Para-, and Ode.]

1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of burlesque; travesty.

The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther" was received with great applause. Macaulay.

2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]

Parody

Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.] [Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque.
I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. Pope.

Paroket

Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet.

Parol

Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under seal. Blackstone.

Parol

Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as, parol evidence. Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.

Parole

Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.), promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the like.

This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay.

3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to officers of guards; -- distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards.

4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.

Parole

Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol.

Parole

Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.] (Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.

Paromology

Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr. Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.

Paronomasia

Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; punning. Dryden.

Paronomastic, Paronomastical

Par`o*no*mas"tic (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.

Paronomasy

Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F. paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B. Jonson.

Paronychia

Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A whitlow, or felon. Quincy.

Paronym

Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]

Paronymous

Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr.

1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.

2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as al and awl; hair and hare, etc.

Paronymy

Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.

Paro\'94phoron

Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.) A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.

Paroquet

Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet. [Written also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.] Paroquet auk ∨ auklet (Zo\'94l.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also perroquet auk.

Parorchis

Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.

Parosteal

Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal ossification.

Parostosis

Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the periosteum.

Parostotic

Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis.

Parotic

Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear. Parotic region (Zo\'94l.), the space around the ears.

Parotid

Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a) Situated near the ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland. Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the upper jaw.

Parotid

Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland.

Parotitis

Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the parotid glands. Epidemic, ∨ Infectious, parotitis, mumps.

Parotoid

Par"o*toid (?), a. [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland.

Parousia

Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Parusia.] (a) The nativity of our Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley.

Parovarium

Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the epo\'94phoron.

Paroxysm

Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr.

1. (Med.) The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.

2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a convulsion; a fit.

The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. South.

Paroxysmal

Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. -- Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.

Paroxytone

Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.

Parquet

Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.]

1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.

2. Same as Parquetry.

Parquetage

Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry.

Parqueted

Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures.
One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. Evelyn.

Parquetry

Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.

Parquette

Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet.

Parr

Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.
Page 1045

Parrakeet, Parakeet

Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet`, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet. &hand; Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).

Parral, Parrel

Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.]

1. (Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten.

2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.

Parraqua

Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied to the guan.

Parrhesia

Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech.

Parricidal

Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.] Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.

Parricide

Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]

1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.

2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.

Parricidious

Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.]

Parrock

Par"rock (?), n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]

Parrot

Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F. pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other genera of the family Psittacid\'91, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases. Carolina parrot (Zo\'94l.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. -- Night parrot, ∨ Owl parrot. (Zo\'94l.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green, under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Parrot

Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot.

Parrot

Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot.

Parroter

Par"rot*er (?), n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S. Mill.

Parrotry

Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge. "The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.

Parrot's-bill

Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under Glory.

Parry

Par"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.] [F. par\'82, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]

1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke.

Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw. Cowper.

2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.

The French government has parried the payment of our claims. E. Everett.

Parry

Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc. Locke.

Parry

Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (. A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.

Parse

Parse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.] [L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.) To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.
Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over perfectly. Ascham.

Parsee

Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per. p\'bers\'c6 a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]

1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.

2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the Parsees.

Parseeism

Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees.

Parser

Pars"er (?), n. One who parses.

Parsimonious

Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.] Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more men and money. Addison.
Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.

Parsimony

Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare, parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness. Bacon.
Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray.
Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See Economy.

Parsley

Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock parsley, Gr. Celery.] (Bot.) An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish.
As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. Shak.
Fool's parsley. See under Fool. -- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley. -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb (Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.

Parsnip

Pars"nip (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade, pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself. Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip. -- Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. -- Water parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of which are poisonous.

Parson

Par"son (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See Person.]

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure of souls.

2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.

He hears the parson pray and preach. Longfellow.
Parson bird (Zo\'94l.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Nov\'91seelandi\'91) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage bird.

Parsonage

Par"son*age (?), n.

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.

2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.

3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.]

What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage, for? Sir W. Scott.

Parsoned

Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson.

Parsonic, Parsonical

Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical.
Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. Colman.
-- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

Parsonish

Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement. [Colloq.]

Part

Part (?), n. [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.]

1. One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent.

And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part and laid it at the apostles'feet. Acts v. 2.
Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret relation of the parts ? Locke.
I am a part of all that I have met. Tennyson.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient.

An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. Ex. xvi. 36.
A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever three parts coward. Shak.
(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an organ; an essential element.
All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. Locke.
The pulse, the glow of every part. Keble.
(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; -- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay.
Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit any good part to intermingle with them. Shak.
(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9.
All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. Dryden.
(e) (Math.) Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; -- the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical figure.

3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office.

We have no part in David. 2 Sam. xx. 1.
Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine. Milton.
Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. Dryden.

4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a faction.

For he that is not against us is on our part. Mark ix. 40.
Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. Waller.
(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See To act a part, under Act.
That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak.
It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. Shak.
Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there all the honor lies. Pope.
(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin part, etc. For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For the most part. See under Most, a. -- In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. In ill part, unfavorably; with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. -- Part and parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was . . . part and parcel of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part of speech which asserts something of the subject of a sentence. -- Part owner (Law), one of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint tenant, under Joint. -- Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett. Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and Section.

Part

Part (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F. partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a part. See Part, n.]

1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev. ii. 6.

There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. Keble.

2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to apportion; to share.

To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. Pope.
They parted my raiment among them. John xix. 24.

3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.

The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me. Ruth i. 17.
While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven. Luke xxiv. 51.
The narrow seas that part The French and English. Shak.

4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as combatants.

The stumbling night did part our weary powers. Shak.

5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; as, to part gold from silver.

The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the vital juices. Prior.

6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]

Since presently your souls must part your bodies. Shak.
To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate, as travelers or companions.

Part

Part, v. i.

1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in the middle.

2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to die; -- often with from.

He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. Shak.
He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before. Macaulay.
His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. G. Eliot.

3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any kind; -- followed by with or from.

Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart. Waller.
Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with arms. Milton.
It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at parting with an only son. A. Trollope.

4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24.

Part

Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.

Partable

Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden.

Partage

Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.]

1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.

Partake

Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Partaking.] [Part + take.]

1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke.

When I against myself with thee partake. Shak.

2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; -- usually followed by of.

The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon.
Page 1046

Partake

Par*take" (?), v. t.

1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.

Let every one partake the general joy. Driden.

2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to. [Obs.] Spencer.

3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.

Partaker

Par*tak"er (?), n.

1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.

Partakers of their spiritual things. Rom. xv. 27.
Wish me partaker in my happiness. Shark.

2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.]

Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii. 30.

Partan

Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zo\'94l.) An edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.]

Parted

Part"ed (?), a.

1. Separated; devided.

2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition; as, three-parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.

Parter

Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.

Parterre

Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L. terra. See Terrace.]

1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.

2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]

Partheniad

Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin. [Obs.]

Parthenic

Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheni\'91, or sons of unmarried women.

Parthenogenesis

Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.]

1. (Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.

2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.

Parthenogenetic

Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. -- Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Parthenogenitive

Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic.

Parthenogeny

Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.

Parthenon

Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art.

Partenope

Par*ten"o*pe (?), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.

2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.

Parthian

Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n. A native Parthia. Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot.

Partial

Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. "Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet.

2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be partial.

Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9.

3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope.

Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a partial petiole. Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.

Partialism

Par"tial*ism (?), n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of the Partialists.

Partialist

Par"tial*ist n.

1. One who is partial. [R.]

2. (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the elect.

Partiality

Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind.

2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting. Roget.

Partialize

Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.]

Partially

Par"tial*ly adv.

1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.

2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.

Partibility

Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an inherttance.

Partible

Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L. pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible." Bacon.

Participable

Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.] Norris.

Participant

Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L. participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F. participant. See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share of part. Bacon.

Participant

Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker.
Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. Bp. Warburton.

Participantly

Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner.

Participate

Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L. participatus, p.p. of participare to participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.

Participate

Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Participating.] Tj have a share in common with others; to take a part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate in a debate. Shak.
So would he participateof their wants. Hayward.
Mine may come when men With angels may participate. Milton.

Participate

Par*tic"i*pate, v. t.

1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.]

Fit to participate all rational delight. Milton.

2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.

Participation

Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.]

1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows.

These deities are so by participation. Bp. Stillingfleet.
What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed participation of himself! Atterbury.

2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.

3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.

Participative

Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. participatif.] Capable of participating.

Participator

Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker.

Participial

Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.

Participial

Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word.

Participialize

Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p Participialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Participializing.] To form into, or put in the form of, a participle. [R.]

Participially

Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle.

Participle

Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See Participate.]

1. (Gram.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and exhaustedare participles.

By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect. Earle.
&hand; Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete, participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army. The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.

2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]

The participles or confines between plants and living creatures. Bacon.

Particle

Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf. F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.]

1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust.

The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle of light. Blackmore.

2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or virtue.

The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least particle to recede. Clarendon.

3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely. <-- elementary particle (Physics) -->

Particolored

Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored.

Particular

Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L. particularis. See Particle.]

1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a constellation. Shak.

[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the fretful porpentine. Shak.
Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to lerne. Chaucer.

2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak.

Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth. Bacon.

3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular news; she was the particular belle of the party.

4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence, nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.

5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.

6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise. Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. -- Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See Minute.

Particular

Par*tic"u*lar (?), n.

1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a story.

Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon.
It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of the community. L'Estrange.

2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.]

For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak.
If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton.
Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our particular. Whole Duty of Man.

3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular of premises.

The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written. Ayliffe.
Bill of particulars. See under Bill. -- In particular, specially; peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. -- To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely.

Particularism

Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.]

1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election.

3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire.

Particularist

Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F. particulariste.] One who holds to particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.

Particularity

Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Particularities (#). [Cf. F. particularit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail; particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c) Something of special or private concern or interest.

Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty sounds To cease! Shak
.

Particularization

Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge.

Particularize

Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.
He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury.

Particularize

Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a narrative.

Particularly

Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.

2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.

The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character. Dryden.

Particularment

Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

Particulate

Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i. [See Particle.] To particularize. [Obs.]

Particulate

Par*tic"u*late (?), a.

1. Having the form of a particle.

2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc. [R.]

The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall.

Parting

Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.]

1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.

2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give him that parting kiss." Shak.

3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.

4. Admitting of being parted; partible. Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See under Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.

Page 1047

Parting

Par"ting (?), n.

1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.

And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.

5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.

Partisan

Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.]

1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay.

Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson.

2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a corps.

Partisan

Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.]

1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal.

2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan officer or corps. Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.

Partisan

Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.
And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak.

Partisanship

Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

Partita

Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.

Partite

Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide, from pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.

Partition

Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.]

1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.

And good from bad find no partition. Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.

No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass. Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] "Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.) A score. Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

Partition

Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Partitioning.]

1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs.

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to partition a house.

Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon.

Partitionment

Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning.

Partitive

Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive.

Partitive

Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.

Partitively

Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner.

Partlet

Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.]

1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame Partlett, the hen." Shak.

Partly

Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

Partner

Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.]

1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.

My other self, the partner of my life. Milton.

2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See Partnership.

3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like. Dormant, ∨ Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a. Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.

Partner

Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

Partnership

Part"ner*ship, n.

1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.

Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by fatal partnership of power. Rowe.
He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership. Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a partnership.

4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure. Kent. Story. &hand; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6. Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to the limited partnership (F. soci\'82t\'82 en commandit\'82) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.

Partook

Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake.

Partridge

Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)

1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicid\'91, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.

Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer.
&hand; The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.] &hand; Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezum\'91); and the California partridge (Callipepla Californica).

3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.] Bamboo partridge (Zo\'94l.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several species are found in China and the East Indies. -- Night partridge (Zo\'94l.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted partridge (Zo\'94l.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). -- Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiace\'91, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge dove (Zo\'94l.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia Cham\'91crista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell (Zo\'94l.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea partridge (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); -- so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zo\'94l.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia. -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, ∨ Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola.

Parture

Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

Parturiate

Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young. [Obs.]

Parturiency

Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition.

Parturient

Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.

Parturifacient

Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth + facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.

Parturious

Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

Parturition

Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F. parturition. See Parturient.]

1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

Parturitive

Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

Party

Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.]

1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy.

Win the noble Brutus to our party. Shak.
The peace both parties want is like to last. Dryden.

3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to give a party.

5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the contract.

6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.

The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. xxii. 9.

7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another.

It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony. Sir J. Davies.

8. Cause; side; interest.

Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany? Shak.

9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.] "For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall. Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift. -- Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. -- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row.

Party

Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and cf. Partite.]

1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

2. Partial; favoring one party.<-- partisan -->

I will be true judge, and not party. Chaucer.
Charter party. See under Charter.

Party

Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Party-coated

Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. Shak.

Party-colored, Parti-colored

Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored (?), a. Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.

Partyism

Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party.

Parumbilical

Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.

Parusia

Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.

Parvanimity

Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

Parvenu

Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.

Parvis, Parvise

Par"vis, Par"vise (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

Parvitude, Parvity

Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: cf. OF. parvit\'82.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

Parvolin

Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.

Parvoline

Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C

Pas

Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.]

1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

Pasan

Pa"san (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gemsbok.

Pasch, Pascha

Pasch (?), Pas"cha (?), n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr. p\'besach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. p\'83que. Cf. Paschal, Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter. Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

Paschal

Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow. Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.
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Paseng

Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

Pash

Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

Pash

Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.]

1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.

2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

Pasha

Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. p\'besh\'be, b\'besh\'be; cf. Per. b\'besh\'be, b\'bedsh\'beh; perh. a corruption of Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.] &hand; There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.

Pashalic

Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction of a pasha.

Pashaw

Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha.

Pasigraphic, Pasigraphical

Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.

Pasigraphy

Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations. Good.

Pasilaly

Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.

Pask

Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.

Paspy

Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy Smith.

Pasque

Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch. Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana.

Pasquil

Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]

Pasquil

Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.

Pasquilant

Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

Pasquiler

Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

Pasquin

Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.
The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man. Dryden.

Pasquin

Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]
To see himself pasquined and affronted. Dryden.

Pasquinade

Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay.

Pasquinade

Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.

Pass

Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See Pace.]

1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i.e., pass on]." Chaucer.

On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton.
Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies passed. Coleridge.

2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.

Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to unjust. Sir W. Temple.

3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.

Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak.
Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden.
The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes. Tennyson.

4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly.

So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12.
Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts.

5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly.

Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35

6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." Shak.

False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton.
This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury.

7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live alogn. "The play may pass." Shak.

10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This passes, Master Ford." Shak.

12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]

As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak.

13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W.

15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing) To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.

She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior.
To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to proceed. -- To pass on ∨ upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

Pass

Pass (?), v. t.

1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton.

She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak.
(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.
Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak.
I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden.
(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.
And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art. Spenser.
Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate hour. Byron.
(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the bill passed the senate.

2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand.

I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison.
Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge. Clarendon.
(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.
Father, thy word is passed. Milton.
(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad.

3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.

5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak. Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9.<-- (b) to die --> -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on ∨ upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy." Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.

Pass

Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See Pass, v. i.]

1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass.

"Try not the pass!" the old man said. Longfellow.

2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary. Shak.

3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist.

4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.

5. State of things; condition; predicament.

Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak.
Matters have been brought to this pass. South.

6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater pass; a military pass.

A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent.

7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]

Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak.

9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.

Passable

Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.]

1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is passablein boats.

His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel. Shak.

2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.

With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable than another. L'Estrange.
Could they have made this slander passable. Collier.

3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.

My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is absent. Dryden.

Passableness

Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable.

Passably

Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately.

Passacaglia, Passacaglio

Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), n. [Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.

Passade, Passado

Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v. i.]

1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak.

2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground.

Passage

Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.]

1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.

What! are my doors opposed against my passage! Shak.

2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.

The ship in which he had taken passage. Macaulay.

3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.

4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy mortal passage." Milton.

When he is fit and season'd for his passage. Shak.

5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.

And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his heart. Dryden.
The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia. South.

6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the passage of time.

The conduct and passage of affairs. Sir J. Davies.
The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.

7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.

The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. South.

8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.

How commentators each dark passage shun. Young.

9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.

No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore. Tennyson.

11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.

The final question was then put upon its passage. Cushing.
In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but in passage." Bacon. -- Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said especially of birds "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water.
Page 1049

Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

Passager

Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Passageway

Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

Passant

Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.]

1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]

Many opinions are passant. Sir T. Browne.

2. Curs [Obs.]

On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. Sir P. Pett.

3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

Pass\'82, masc. Pass\'82e

Pas`s\'82", masc. Pas`s\'82"e, fem. (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a pass\'82e belle. Ld. Lytton.

Passegarde

Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.

Passement

Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir W. Scott.

Passementerie

Passe*men"terie (?), n. [F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.

Passenger

Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. Messenger.]

1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc. Passenger falcon (Zo\'94l.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.<-- now extinct! -->

Passe partout

Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout everywhere.]

1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. A master key; a latchkey.

3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.

Passer

Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger.

Passer-by

Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer.

Passeres

Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small perching birds.

Passeriform

Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Passeres.

Passerine

Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Passeres.
The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit trees. Sydney Smith.

Passerine

Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Passeres.

Passibility

Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility. Hakewill.

Passible

Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F. passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents.
Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. Hooker.

Passibleness

Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood.

Passiflora

Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus, to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the order Passiflore\'91, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and fifty species.

Passim

Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word occurs passim in the poem.

Passing

Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away. Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.

Passing

Pass"ing, a.

1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." Shak. Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

Passing

Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

Passingly

Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.

Passion

Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See Patient.]

1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).

To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.

A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it. Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents. [R.]

Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter. Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.

We also are men of like passions with you. Acts xiv. 15.
The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and passions, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil. Hutcheson.
The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything. Cogan.
The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. Shak.
The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers reason still. Pope.
Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion. Akenside.
When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country. Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl. Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion. &hand; The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian. Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley. Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.

Passion

Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p.pr & vb. n. Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

Passion

Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she doteth." Shak.

Passional

Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A passionary.

Passionary

Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

Passionate

Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionn\'82.]

1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

Passionate

Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i.

1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen did passionate. Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Passionately

Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv.

1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.

Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

Passionateness

Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.

Passionist

Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

Passionless

Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

Passiontide

Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of Lent.

Passive

Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.]

1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton.
The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas. Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger.

3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues. Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- Passive verb, ∨ Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander. Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.

Passively

Pas"sive*ly, adv.

1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

Passiveness

Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.
To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause. J. Edwards.

Passivity

Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivit\'82.]

1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

Pass-key

Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

Passless

Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

Passman

Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (. One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

Passover

Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

Pass-parole

Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe-parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

Passport

Pass"port (, n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.]

1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.

Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.

His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.

Passus

Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (. [L., a step, a pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers Plowman. See 2d Fit.

Password

Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

Passymeasure

Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See Paspy. Shak.

Past

Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton. Past master. See under Master.

Past

Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, at least, is secure." D. Webster.
The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a very remote past indeed. Trench.

Past

Past, prep.

1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past endurance." Macaulay.

Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22.
Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame. L'Estrange.
Page 1050

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.

Is it not past two o'clock? Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]

Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak.
Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser.

Past

Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past.
The alarum of drums swept past. Longfellow.

Paste

Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. p\'83te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. Pasty, n., Patty.]

1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded. Paste eel (Zo\'94l.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

Paste

Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

Pasteboard

Paste"board` (?), n.

1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.

2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

Pastel

Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.]

1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W. Black.

2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye itself. <--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel shade. 4. the art or process of drawing with pastels. 5. any of various light or pale colors. 6. a light literary work, as a sketch. -->

Paster

Past"er (?), n.

1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.

2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.]

Pastern

Pas"tern (?), n. [Of. pasturon, F. p\'83turon, fr. OF. pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.]

1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse. &hand; The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone. Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones.

2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.

3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pasteurism

Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.]

1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.

2. Pasteurization.

Pasteurization

Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140° F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.

Pasteurize

Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t.

1. To subject to pasteurization.

2. To treat by pasteurizm.

Pasticcio

Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.]

1. A medley; an olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.

Pastil, Pastille

Pas"til (?), Pas*tille" (?), n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.]

1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.

2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

3. See Pastel, a crayon.

Pastime

Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.

Pastime

Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

Pastor

Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf. Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]

1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.

2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the charge of a church and parish.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.

Pastorage

Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.

Pastoral

Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.]

1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a pastoral life.

2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, pastoral duties; a pastoral letter. Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. -- Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.

Pastoral

Pas"tor*al (?), n.

1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.

A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life. Rambler.

2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

Pastorale

Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.]

1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.

2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

Pastorally

Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv.

1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

2. In the manner of a pastor.

Pastorate

Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.

Pastorless

Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.

Pastorling

Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.]

Pastorly

Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.

Pastorship

Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull.

Pastry

Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (.

1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc. Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry cook of a hotel.

Pasturable

Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture.

Pasturage

Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p\'83turage. See Pasture.]

1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.

2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.

3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

Pasture

Pas"ture (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p\'83ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.]

1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. Spenser.

2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.

3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.

He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. Ps. xxiii. 2.
So graze as you find pasture. Shak.

Pasture

Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty cows.

Pasture

Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze.

Pastureless

Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton.

Pasturer

Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See Agister.

Pasty

Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty complexion." G. Eliot.

Pasty

Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. past\'82, F. p\'83t\'82. See Paste, and cf. Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie. "If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens.
A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott.

Pat

Pat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] [Cf. G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.
Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope.

Pat

Pat, n.

1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.

2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.

It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens.

Pat

Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat allusion." Barrow.

Pat

Pat, adv. In a pat manner.
I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne.

Pataca

Pa*ta"ca (?), n. [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon. [Obs.]

Patache

Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain & Portugal]

Patacoon

Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca.

Patagium

Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.]

1. (Anat.) In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with the body.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of Butterfly.

Patagonian

Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native of Patagonia.

Patamar

Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also pattemar.]

Patas

Pa*tas" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.

Patavinity

Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F. patavinit\'82] The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.

Patch

Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.]

1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole.

Patches set upon a little breach. Shak.

2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty.

Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl.

4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.

Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan.

6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.

7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou scurvy patch." Shak. Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.

Patch

Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.]

1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to patch a coat.

2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.

3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.

Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator.

4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.

Patcher

Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe.

Patchery

Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.] Shak.

Patchingly

Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]

Patchouli, Patchouly

Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly (?), n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East Indian origin.]

1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.

2. The perfume made from this plant. Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil.

Patchwork

Patch"work` (?), n. Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up. Swift.

Patchy

Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.

Pat\'82

Pa`t\'82" (?), a. (Her.) See Patt\'82.

Pat\'82

Pa`t\'82" (?), n. [F. p\'83t\'82.]

1. A pie. See Patty.

2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place. [R.]

Pate

Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt, patz, scab + kopf head.]

1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.]<-- esp., bald pate -->

His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16.
Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak.

2. The skin of a calf's head.

Pated

Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as, long-pated; shallow-pated.

Patee

Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee.

Patefaction

Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere to lie open + facere to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor.

Patela

Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel\'be.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli.

Patella

Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl. Patell\'91 (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan, dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.]

1. A small dish, pan, or vase.

2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee.<-- kneecap -->

3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.

4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.

Patellar

Pa*tel"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan. <-- patellar tendon -->

Patelliform

Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.]

1. Having the form of a patella.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.

Patellula

Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl. Patellul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella. See Patella.] (Zo\'94l.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain insects.

Paten

Pat"en (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf. L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. pat\'8ane. Cf. Patina.]

1. A plate. [Obs.]

2. (Eccl.) The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover. [Written also patin, patine.]

Patena

Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.

Patena

Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon.

Patency

Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.]

1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.

2. The state of being patent or evident.

Page 1051

Patent

Pat"ent (p&acr;t"ent ∨ p&amac;t"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p.pr. of patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]

1. (Oftener pronounced p&amac;t"ent in this sense) Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public; conspicuous.

He had received instructions, both patent and secret. Motley.

2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter.

3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines.

Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent commodity. Mortimer.

4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or branch; as, a patent leaf. Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work. -- Patent office, a government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents. -- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.

Patent

Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.]

1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or party. Specifically: (a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.

Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent. Fuller.
&hand; In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by act of Congress.

2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent.

If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend. Shak.

Patent

Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands.

Patentable

Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented.

Patentee

Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent. Bacon.

Patent-hammered

Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together.

Patently

Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently.

Patera

Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. Pater\'91(. [ L., fr. patere to lie open.]

1. A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations and sacrificies.

2. (Arch.) A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the like.

Paterero

Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.]

Paterfamilias

Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.; pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his own master.

Paternal

Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel. See Father.]

1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care. "Under paternal rule." Milton.

2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate.

Their small paternal field of corn. Dryden.
Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.

Paternalism

Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit. Science) The theory or practice of paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London Times. <-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism -->

Paternally

Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner.

Paternity

Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternit\'82. See Paternal.]

1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine paternity.

The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the paternity of a child.

3. Origin; authorship.

The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott.

Paternoster

Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.]

1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version.

2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings.

3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. -- Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. Udall.

Path

Path (?), n.; pl. Paths (#). [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. patha, path. &root;21.]

1. A trodden way; a footway.

The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden.

2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action.

All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray.

Path

Path (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (?); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.

Path

Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak.

Pathematic

Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.] Chalmers.

Pathetic

Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. path\'82tique. See Pathos.]

1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.]

2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay.

No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E. Porter.
Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.

Pathetical

Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.

Pathetism

Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. path\'82tisme.] See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland.

Pathfinder

Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions.
The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. J. Burroughs.

Pathic

Path"ic (?), n. [L. pathicus, Gr. A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite. [R.] B. Jonson.

Pathic

Path"ic, a. [Gr. Passive; suffering.

Pathless

Path"less (?), a. Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, pathless woods.
Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. Milton.

Pathmaker

Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path.

Pathogene

Path"o*gene (?), n. [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a class of virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.

Pathogenesis

Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny.

Pathogenetic

Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic.

Pathogenic

Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium.

Pathogeny

Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and development of disease.

Pathognomonic

Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.) Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom.
The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. Arbuthnot.

Pathognomy

Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated.

Pathologic, Pathological

Path`o*log"ic (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. pathologique.] Of or pertaining to pathology. -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. <-- caused by disease -->

Pathologist

Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.

Pathology

Pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Pathologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pathologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc. &hand; Pathology is general or special, according as it treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also subdivided into internal and external, or medical and surgical pathology. Its departments are nosology, \'91tiology, morbid anatomy, symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases. Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow.

Pathop\'d2la

Path`o*p\'d2"la (?), n.; pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion. Smart.

Pathos

Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr. pati to suffer, E. patient.] That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, or of a cry.
The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe. T. Warton.

Pathway

Path"way (?) n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively. Shak.
In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is no death. Prov. xii. 28.
We tread the pathway arm in arm. Sir W. Scott.

Patible

Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.

Patibulary

Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.] Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.

Patibulated

Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.]

Patience

Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.]

1. The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.

Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and long-suffering. Col. i. 11.
I must have patience to endure the load. Shak.
Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from his cross. Keble.

2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance.

Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 29.

3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.

He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. Harte.

4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker.

They stay upon your patience. Shak.

5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.

6. (Card Playing) Solitaire. Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the Christian should have both patience and resignation.

Patient

Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.]

1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.

Patient of severest toil and hardship. Bp. Fell.

2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long-suffering.

3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as, patient endeavor.

Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. Sir I. Newton.

4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not overeager; composed.

Not patient to expect the turns of fate. Prior.

5. Forbearing; long-suffering.

Be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14.

Patient

Pa"tient, n.

1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.

Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often involves the agent and the patient. Gov. of Tongue.

2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to physician or nurse.

Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever. Sir P. Sidney.
In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.

Patient

Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam." Shak.

Patiently

Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper.

Patin, Patine

Pat"in (?), Pat"ine, n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of bright gold." Shak.

Patina

Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. Paten.]

1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.

2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals. Fairholt.

Patio

Pa"ti*o (?), n. [Sp., a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation. &hand; The patioprocess is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.

Patly

Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.

Patness

Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience.
The description with equal patness may suit both. Barrow.

Patois

Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech.
The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne.

Patonce

Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.

Patrial

Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.] (Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns, or patrials. Andrews.

Patriarch

Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. Father, Archaic.]

1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch.

3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.

The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow.
The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.

Patriarchal

Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a patriarchal church.

2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.

About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung. Tennyson.

3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations. Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) of Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.

Patriarchate

Pa`tri*ar"chate (?), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.]

1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.

2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.

3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of government or society. See Patriarchal, a., 3.

Patriarchdom

Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate. [R.]

Patriarchic

Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. Patriarchal.

Patriarchism

Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n. Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.

Patriarchship

Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe.

Patriarchy

Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.

1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood.

2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.

Patrician

Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians.

2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian.

Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott.
His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.

Patrician

Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.

2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.

3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.

Patricianism

Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians.

Patriciate

Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of patriarch. Milman.

Patricidal

Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.

Patricide

Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf. Parricide.]

1. The murderer of his father.

2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.

Patrimonial

Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L.patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial estate.

Patrimonially

Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance.

Patrimony

Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.]

1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.

2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.

Patriot

Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all fr. Gr. Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority and interests. Bp. Hall.
Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. Pope.

Patriot

Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.

Patriotic

Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.

Patriotical

Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a. Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. -- Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Patriotism

Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley.

Patripassian

Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father + pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the independent pre\'89xistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism (#), n.

Patrist

Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics.

Patristic, Patristical

Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al (?), a. [F. patristique. See Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.
The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology. I. Taylor.

Patristics

Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.

Patrizate

Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. To imitate one's father. [R.]

Patrocinate

Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To support; to patronize. [Obs.] Urquhart.

Patrocination

Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall.

Patrociny

Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination.

Patrol

Pa*trol" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat, v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat.

Patrol

Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.

Patrol

Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.]

1. (Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. (c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.

2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol.

In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal regulations. A. Hamilton.

Patrole

Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v.

Patrolman

Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl. Patrolmen (. One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or city.

Patron

Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.]

1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron of my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness." Spenser.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or pleader.

Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire. Macaulay.

3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.

4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]

5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint.

6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2. Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2.

Patron

Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Patron

Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary. Dryden. Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual.

Patronage

Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L. patronatus.]

1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author.

2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]

3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.

4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.

5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson. Blackstone.

Patronage

Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.] Shak.

Patronal

Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.] Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Patronate

Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron; patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.

Patroness

Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper. Spenser.
Night, best patroness of grief. Milton.

Patronization

Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.]

Patronize

Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patronizing (?).]

1. To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.

The idea has been patronized by two States only. A. Hamilton.

2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial Cant]

3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals.

Patronizer

Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes.

Patronizing

Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv. Thackeray.

Patronless

Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron.

Patronomayology

Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. onomatology.] That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and their origin; the study of patronymics.

Patronymic

Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L. patronymicus, Gr. patronymique.] Derived from ancestors; as, a patronymic denomination.

Patronymic

Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as, Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the son of Donald; Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a family; the family name. M. A. Lower.

Patronymical

Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic.

Patroon

Pa*troon" (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.

Patroonship

Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving.

Patt\'82, Pattee

Pat`t\'82" (?), Pat*tee" (?), a. [F. patt\'82, fem. patt\'82e, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross. See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also pat\'82, patee.]

Pattemar

Pat"te*mar (?), n. See Patamar.

Patten

Pat"ten (?), n. [F. patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf. Panton, Patt\'82.]

1. A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud.

The patten now supports each frugal dame. Gay.

2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pattened

Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen.

Patter

Pat"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to strike gently.]

1. To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering rain or hail; pattering feet.

The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. Thomson.

2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. [In this sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]

3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.]

I've gone out and pattered to get money. Mayhew.

Patter

Pat"ter, v. t.

1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] "And patter the water about the boat." J. R. Drake.

2. [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers.

[The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. Longfellow.
To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang]

Patter

Pat"ter, n.

1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the patter of little feet.

2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.

3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter.

Patterer

Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street peddler. [Cant, Eng.]

Pattern

Pat"tern (?), n. [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern. See Patron.]

1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern of a machine.

I will be the pattern of all patience. Shak.

2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance.

He compares the pattern with the whole piece. Swift.

3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern.

4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful pattern.

5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak.

The patterns of things in the heavens. Heb. ix. 23.

6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern.

7. (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it. <-- a definable characteristic relationship between the members of any set of objects or actions; also, the set having a definable relationship between its members. Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts on a target area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or actions that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group or over time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern, dress pattern --> Pattern box, chain, ∨ cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession for forming the figure. -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a card. (b) (Weaving) One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus. -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns. -- Pattern wheel (Horology), a count-wheel.

Pattern

Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patterning.]

1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. Milton.

[A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. Sir T. Herbert.

2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel. To pattern after, to imitate; to follow.

Patty

Pat"ty (?), n.; pl. Patties (#). [F. p\'83t\'82. See Pasty.] A little pie.

Pattypan

Pat"ty*pan` (?), n.

1. A pan for baking patties.

2. A patty. [Obs.]

Patulous

Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.] Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as, a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers.
The eyes are large and patulous. Sir J. Hill.

Pau

Pau (?), n. See Pah.

Pauciloquent

Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a. Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]

Pauciloquy

Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. pauciloquium; paucus little + loqui to speak.] Brevity in speech. [R.]

Paucispiral

Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having few spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or shell.

Paucity

Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L. paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F. paucit\'82 See Few.]

1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker.

Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the incompleteness, of its communications. I. Taylor.

2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of blood. Sir T. Browne.

Paugie, Paugy

Pau"gie, Pau"gy (?), n.; pl. Paugies (#). [Corrupted from Amer. Indian mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zo\'94l.) The scup. See Porgy, and Scup.

Pauhaugen

Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North Amer. Indian.] (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden; -- called also poghaden.

Paul

Paul (?), n. See Pawl.

Paul

Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See Paolo.

Pauldron

Paul"dron (?), n. [See Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.

Paulian, Paulianist

Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Paul of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was deposed for denying the divinity of Christ.

Paulician

Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century. They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.
Page 1053

Paulin

Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.) See Tarpaulin.

Pauline

Pau"line (?), a. [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine.
My religion had always been Pauline. J. H. Newman.

Paulist

Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of The Institute of the Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly Protestants.

Paulownia

Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order Scrophulariace\'91, consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis. &hand; The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is hardy in America as far north as Connecticut.

Paum

Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift.

Paunce

Paunce (?), n. [See Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy. "The pretty paunce." Spenser.

Paunch

Paunch (?), n. [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.]

1. (Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen.

2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch.

3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper. Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.

Paunch

Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.]

1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak.

2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall.

Paunchy

Paunch"y (?), a. Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens.

Paune

Paune (?), n. A kind of bread. See Pone.

Pauper

Pau"per (?), n. [L. See Poor.] A poor person; especially, one development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as, pouper immigrants, pouper labor.

Pauperism

Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. paup\'82risme.] The state of being a pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community. Whatly. Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See Poverty.

Pauperization

Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to pauperism. C. Kingsley.

Pauperize

Pau"per*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pauperizing (?).] To reduce to pauperism; as, to pauperize the peasantry.

Pauropoda

Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and destitute of trache\'91.

Pause

Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.]

1. A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation.

2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.

I stand in pause where I shall first begin. Shak.

3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts.

4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the pupil to mind the pauses.

5. A break or paragraph in writing.

He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. Locke.

6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold, 7. Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension.

Pause

Pause, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] [Cf. F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.]

1. To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait; to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak.

Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. Milton.

2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses.

3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.]

Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture. Shak.
<-- is this anti-semitic or what? -->

4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.] "Take time to pause." Shak. To pause upon, to deliberate concerning. Shak. Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.

Pause

Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak.

Pauser

Paus"er (?), n. One who pauses. Shak.

Pausingly

Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses; haltingly. Shak.

Pauxi

Paux"i (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zo\'94l.) A curassow (Ourax pauxi), which, in South America, is often domesticated.

Pavage

Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F. pavage.] See Pavage. [R.]

Pavan

Pav"an (?), n. [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon, pavo, a peacock, L. pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full state costume is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its movements to those of the peacock. [Written also pavane, paven, pavian, and pavin.]

Pav\'82

Pa`v\'82" (?), n. [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.] The pavement. Nymphe du pav\'82 ([A low euphemism.]

Pave

Pave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F. paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread down; cf. Gr.

1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material; as, to pave a street; to pave a court.<-- for vehicles -->

With silver paved, and all divine with gold. Dryden.
To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. Gay.

2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way; as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise.

It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. Bacon.

Pavement

Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See Pave.] That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks.
The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton.
Pavement teeth (Zo\'94l.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a pavement.

Pavement

Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How richly pavemented!" Bp. Hall.

Paven

Pav"en (?), n. See Pavan.

Paver

Pav"er (?), n. One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also pavier and pavior.]

Pavesade

Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to conceal from the enemy the operations on board.

Pavese, Pavesse

Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse" (?), n. Pavise. [Obs.]

Paviage

Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law) A contribution or a tax for paving streets or highways. Bouvier.

Pavian

Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan.

Pavid

Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful. [R.] Thackeray.

Pavidity

Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n. Timidity. [R.]

Pavier

Pav"ier (?), n. A paver.

Paviiv

Pa"vi*iv (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family.

Pavilion

Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]

1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions." Shak.

2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central feature of a large pile.

3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.

4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.)

5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet. See Illust. of Brilliant.

6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube.

7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.

The pavilion of heaven is bare. Shelley.

Pavilion

Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pavilioning.] To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.
The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. Milton.

Pavin

Pav"in (?), n. See Pavan.

Paving

Pav"ing (?), n.

1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with a pavement.

2. A pavement.

Pavior

Pav"ior (?), n.

1. One who paves; a paver.

2. A rammer for driving paving stones.

3. A brick or slab used for paving.

Pavise

Pa*vise (?), n. [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL. pavense; perh. named from Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened also an archer with it. [Written also pavais, pavese, and pavesse.] Fairholt.

Pavisor

Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise.

Pavo

Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a peacock. See Peacock.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, including the peacocks.

2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.

Pavon

Pa"von (?), n. A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance; a pennon.

Pavone

Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zo\'94l.) A peacock. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pavonian

Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey.

Pavonine

Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.

2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as in colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland.

Paw

Paw (?), n. [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G. pfote.]

1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.

2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden. Paw clam (Zo\'94l.), the tridacna; -- so called because shaped like an animal's paw.

Paw

Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21.

Paw

Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.]

1. To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly or rudely.

2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.

His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. Tickell.

Pawk

Pawk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small lobster. Travis.

Pawky

Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS. p\'91cean to deceive.] Arch; cunning; sly. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Pawl

Pawl (?), n. [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.) A pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or detent. See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul, or pall.] Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive the strain of the pawls. -- Pawl rim ∨ ring (Naut.), a stationary metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch in.

Pawl

Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off. To pawl the capstan. See under Capstan.

Pawn

Pawn (?), n. See Pan, the masticatory.

Pawn

Pawn, n. [OE. paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a foot soldier, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer, Peon.] (Chess) A man or piece of the lowest rank.

Pawn

Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt, lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.]

1. Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1.

As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without use [i.e., interest]. Bacon.

2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise. [R.]

Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. Shak.
As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. Donne.

3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic]

My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak.
In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article pledged.

Pawn

Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.]

1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.<-- = to hock (colloq.) -->

And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. Dryden.

2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard.

Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. Shak.

Pawnable

Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned.

Pawnbroker

Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.

Pawnbroking

Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a pawnbroker.

Pawnee

Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law) One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who takes anything in pawn.

Pawnees

Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians (called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also Pani.

Pawner, Pawnor

Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or" (?), n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.

Pawpaw

Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw.

Pax

Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.]

1. (Eccl.) The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in medi\'91val times; an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.

Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors. Chapman.

Paxillose

Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.) Resembling a little stake.

Paxillus

Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix.

Paxwax

Pax"wax` (?), n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea hair (akin to OHG. fahs) + weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.) The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebr\'91, and helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and packwax.

Paxywaxy

Pax"y*wax`y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax.

Pay

Pay (?), v. t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i pitch: cf. OF. peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.

Pay

Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] [OE. paien, F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See Peace.]

1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants.

May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy]. P. Plowman.
[She] pays me with disdain. Dryden.

2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.

For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you. B. Jonson.

3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28.

Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 26.
If they pay this tax, they starve. Tennyson.

4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as that which has been promised.

This day have I paid my vows. Prov. vii. 14.

5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay attention; to pay a visit.

Not paying me a welcome. Shak.
To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to unwind. -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.]

Pay

Pay (?), v. i. To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to discharge a debt.
The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again. Ps. xxxvii. 21.

2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness always pays. To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of.

'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings. Beau. & Fl.
-- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the head of a vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol. uncertain.] To beat with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head.

Pay

Pay, n.

1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer.

2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the pay of a soldier.

Where only merit constant pay receives. Pope.
There is neither pay nor plunder to be got. L'Estrange.
Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay; especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers of a certain rank, without deductions. -- Half pay. See under Half. -- Pay day, the day of settlement of accounts. -- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which yields a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] -- Pay office, a place where payment is made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons entitled to payment, with the amounts due.<-- (b) the total sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday -->

Payable

Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.]

1. That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due. Drayton.

Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest. South.

2. (Law) (a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value. (b) Matured; now due.

Payee

Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under Bill.

Payen

Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

Payer

Pay"er (?), n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid.

Paymaster

Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account of the same.

Payment

Pay"ment (?), n. [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.]

1. The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation.

No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon.

2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; requital; return. Shak.

3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]

Payn

Payn (?), n. [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.] Bread. Having Piers Plowman.

Payndemain

Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own, private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the figure of our Lord impressed upon it.] The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; -- called also paynemain, payman. [Obs.]

Paynim

Pay"nim (?), n & a. See Painim.

Paynize

Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr. Payne, the inventor.] To treat or preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.

Payor

Pay*or" (?), n. (Law) See Payer. [R.]

Payse

Payse (?), v. t. To poise. [Obs.] Spenser.

Paytine

Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.

Pea

Pea (?), n. [OF. peis. See Poise.] The sliding weight on a steelyard. [Written also pee.]

Pea

Pea, n. (Naut.) See Peak, n., 3.

Pea

Pea, n.; pl. Peas (#) or Pease (#). [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF. peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. s was misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.]

1. (Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod. &hand; When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form peas being used in both senses.

2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.) esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of the seed. &hand; The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sph\'91rospermus and its seed. -- Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea crab (Zo\'94l.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove (Zo\'94l.), the American ground dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (Papilionace\'91) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. -- Pea maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating out the interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms.

Peabird

Pea"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

Peabody bird

Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An American sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its note. Called also White-throated sparrow.

Peace

Peace (?), n. [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L. pax, pacis, akin to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement, and prob. also pangere to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v., Fang, Pacify, Pact, Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a) Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience. (d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; concord. "The eternal love and pees." Chaucer. &hand; Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding silence, quiet, or order. "Peace! foolish woman." Shak. At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God. (Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is the gift of God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly communion with Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or constable. -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make your peace with him." Shak.

Peace

Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.] "Peace your tattlings." Shak.
When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. Shak.

Peaceable

Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE. peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome. -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace"a*bly, adv. Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene; still. -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes "in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or enjoyment of peace." A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a peaceful life, scene.

Peacebreaker

Peace"break`er (?), n. One who disturbs the public peace. -- Peace"break`ing, n.

Peaceful

Peace"ful (?), a.

1. Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult, agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a peaceful time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end.

2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild; calm; peaceable; as, peaceful words. Syn. -- See Peaceable. --Peace"ful*ly, adv.. -- Peace"ful*ness, n.

Peaceless

Peace"less, a. Without peace; disturbed. Sandys.

Peacemaker

Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance. Matt. v. 9. --Peace"mak`ing, n.

Peach

Peach (?), v. t. [See Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of crime; to inform against. [Obs.] Foxe.

Peach

Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. Shak.

Peach

Peach (?), n. [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. p\'88che, fr. LL. persia, L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. Persian, and Parsee.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it (Prunus, ∨ Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible. Guinea, ∨ Sierra Leone, peach, the large edible berry of the Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa. -- Palm peach, the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red color of the peach blossom. -- Peach-tree borer (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a clearwing moth (\'92geria, ∨ Sannina, exitiosa) of the family \'92geriid\'91, which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust. under Borer.

Peach-colored

Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of a peach blossom. "Peach-colored satin." Shak.

Peacher

Peach"er (?), n. One who peaches. [Low] Foxe.

Peachick

Pea"chick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chicken of the peacock.

Peachy

Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a peach or peaches.

Peacock

Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. pe\'a0, p\'bewa, peacock, fr. L. pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. t\'beus, t\'bewus, Ar. t\'bewu. See Cock the bird.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The male of any pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. &hand; The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated species is Pavo cristatus. The Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more brilliantly colored than the common species.

2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl. Peacock butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas Io) having ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish (Zo\'94l.), the European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus variegatus); -- so called on account of its brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and cook. -- Peacock pheasant (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsome Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the peacock in color.

Peafowl

Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The peacock or peahen; any species of Pavo.

Peage

Pe"age (?), n. See Paage.

Peagrit

Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.) A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.

Peahen

Pea"hen` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The hen or female peafowl.

Pea-jacket

Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in cold weather.

Peak

Peak (?), n. [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. peac a sharp-pointed thing. Cf. Pike.]

1. A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. "Run your beard into a peak." Beau. & Fl.

2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as, the Peak of Teneriffe.

Silent upon a peak in Darien. Keats.

3. (Naut.) (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b) The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written also pea and pee.] Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore.

Peak

Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.]

1. To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.

There peaketh up a mighty high mount. Holand.

2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak.

3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak. Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch.

Peak

Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.

Peaked

Peaked (?), a.

1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof.

2. (Oftener Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.]

Page 1055

Peaking

Peak"ing (?), a.

1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]

2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.]

Peakish

Peak"ish, a.

1. Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous region. "Her peakish spring." Drayton. "His peakish dialect." Bp. Hall.

2. Having peaks; peaked.

3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly. [Colloq.]

Peaky

Peak"y (?), a.

1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson.

2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]

Peal

Peal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]

Peal

Peal, v. i. To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.

Peal

Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr. appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.]

1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc. "A fair peal of artillery." Hayward.

Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak.
And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron.

2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells. To ring a peal. See under Ring.

Peal

Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.]

1. To utter or give out loud sounds.

There let the pealing organ blow. Milton.

2. To resound; to echo.

And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow.

Peal

Peal, v. t.

1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise abroad.

The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of fame. J. Barlow.

2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.

Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton.

3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pean

Pean (?), n. [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.) One of the furs, the ground being sable, and the spots or tufts or.

Pean

Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise and triumph. See P\'91an.

Peanism

Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.]

Peanut

Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.) The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (Arachis hypog\'91a); also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated for its fruit. &hand; The fruit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds, sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also earthnut, groundnut, and goober.

Pear

Pear (?), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. Perry.] (Bot.) The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus pyri) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants (Pome\'91), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree. <-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi) -->

Pearch

Pearch (?), n. [Obs.] See Perch.

Pearl

Pearl (?), n. A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl.

Pearl

Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr. (assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl to mantle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones.

2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious.

I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak.
And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton.

3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A light-colored tern.

6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.

7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton.

8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether.

9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. \'b5 This line is printed in the type called pearl. Ground pearl. (Zo\'94l.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet (Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. -- Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. -- Pearl white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.<-- cultured pearl, a pearl grown by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet has been placed, to serve as the seed for more predictable growth of the pearl. The pellet is usually made from mother-of-pearl, and additional layers of nacre are deposited onto the seed by the oyster. Such pearls, being more easily obtained than natural pearls, are less expensive. -->

Pearl

Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.

Pearl

Pearl, v. t.

1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also figuratively.

2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to pearl barley.

Pearl

Pearl, v. i.

1. To resemble pearl or pearls.

2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.

Pearlaceous

Pearl*a"ceous (?), a. Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or appearance.

Pearlash

Pearl"ash` (?), n. (Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.

Pearl-eyed

Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract.

Pearlfish

Pearl"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and whitebait.

Pearlins, Pearlings

Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings (?), n. pl. [Prob. a corruption of purflings. See Purfle.] A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Pearlite, Pearlstone

Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See Illust. under Perlitic.

Pearlwort

Pearl"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Sagina, low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.

Pearly

Pearl"y (?), a.

1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, pearly shells. Milton.

2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent; as, the pearly dew or flood.

Pearmain

Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of apples; as, the blue pearmain, winter pearmain, and red pearmain.

Pear-shaped

Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the form of a pear.

Peart

Peart (?), a. [A variant of pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk; smart; -- often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite peart to-day. [O. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May. Warner (1592).

Peasant

Peas"ant (?), n. [OF. pa\'8bsant (the i being perh. due to confusion with the p.pr. of verbs), pa\'8bsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays country, fr. L. pagus the country. See Pagan.] A countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries. Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.

Peasant

Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural. Spenser.

Peasantlike

Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude; clownish; illiterate.

Peasantly

Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton.

Peasantry

Peas"ant*ry (?), n.

1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. "A bold peasantry." Goldsmith.

2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler.

Peascod

Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.

Pease

Pease (?), n.; obs.pl. Peases (#), Peasen (#). [See Pea.]

1. A pea. [Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses." Piers Plowman.

2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea.

Peastone

Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Pisolite.

Peasweep

Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pewit, or lapwing. (b) The greenfinch.

Peat

Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used contemptuously. [Obs.] Shak.

Peat

Peat, n. [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire burn better, fr. AS. b to better, mend (a fire), b advantage. See Better, Boot advantage.] A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used for fuel. Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in such places; peat moss. -- Peat moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed, become peat. (b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places. -- Peat reek, the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.]

Peaty

Peat"y (?), a. Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.

Peba

Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg. peba.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo (Tatusia novemcincta) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also tatouhou.

Pebble

Peb"ble (?), n. [AS. papolst\'ben; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See Stone.]

1. A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the hungry beach." Shak.

As children gathering pebbles on the shore. Milton.

2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; -- so called by opticians. Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains. -- Scotch pebble, varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.

Pebble

Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.] To grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded prominences.

Pebbled

Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in pebbles. Thomson.

Pebblestone

Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of pebblestone." Marlowe.

Pebbly

Peb"bly (?), a. Full of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom." Johnson.

Pebrine

Pe`brine" (?), n. [F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm, characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the blood.

Pecan

Pe*can" (?), n. [Cf. F. pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A species of hickory (Carya oliv\'91formis), growing in North America, chiefly in the Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is one of the largest of forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch and a half long, with a thin shell and well-flavored meat. [Written also pacane.]

Pecary

Pec"a*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Peccary.

Peccability

Pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being peccable; lability to sin.
The common peccability of mankind. Dr. H. More.

Peccable

Pec"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to sin; subject to transgress the divine law. "A frail and peccable mortal." Sir W. Scott.

Peccadillo

Pec`ca*dil"lo (?), n; pl. Peccadillos (#). [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of pecado a sin, fr. L. peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault. Sir W. Scott.

Peccancy

Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L. peccantia.]

1. The quality or state of being peccant.

2. A sin; an offense. W. Montagu.

Peccant

Pec"cant (?), a. [L. peccans, -antis, p.pr. of peccare to sin: cf. F. peccant.]

1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; as, peccant angels. Milton.

2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant humors. Bacon.

3. Wrong; defective; faulty. [R.] Ayliffe.

Peccant

Pec"cant, n. An offender. [Obs.] Whitlock.

Peccantly

Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant manner.

Peccary

Pec"ca*ry (?), n.; pl. Peccaries (#). [From the native South American name: cf. F. p\'82cari, Sp. pecar.] (Zo\'94l.) A pachyderm of the genus Dicotyles. &hand; The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus), is about the size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (D. labiatus), with white cheeks, is found in South America.

Peccavi

Pec*ca"vi (?). [L.] I have sinned; -- used colloquially to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey. <-- seldom used -- same purpose served by mea culpa -->

Pecco

Pec"co (?), n. See Pekoe.

Peck

Peck, n. [Perh. akin to pack; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and fr. peck, v. (below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.]

1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. "A peck of provender." Shak.

2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. "A peck of uncertainties and doubts." Milton.

Peck

Peck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecking.] [See Pick, v.]

1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks a tree.

2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick movements.

3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to eat; -- often with up. Addison.

This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. Shak.

4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to peck a hole in a tree.

Peck

Peck, v. i.

1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument. Carew.

2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.

[The hen] went pecking by his side. Dryden.
To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.
Page 1056

Peck

Peck (?), n. A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.

Pecker

Peck"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker.

2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth. Flower pecker. (Zo\'94l.) See under Flower.

Peckish

Peck"ish, a. Inclined to eat; hungry. [Colloq.] "When shall I feel peckish again?" Beaconsfield.

Peckled

Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled; spotted. [Obs.]

Pecopteris

Pe*cop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns; -- so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the leaflets.

Pecora

Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and cattle.

Pectate

Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pectic acid.

Pecten

Pec"ten (?), n. [L. pecten, -inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See Pectinate.]

1. (Anat.) (a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium. (b) The pubic bone.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and numerous allied genera (family Pectinid\'91); a scallop. See Scallop.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b).

Pectic

Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.

Pectin

Pec"tin (?), n. [Gr. pectine.] (Chem.) One of a series of carbohydrates, commonly called vegetable jelly, found very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples, cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored, translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but become viscous on cooling.

Pectinal

Pec"ti*nal (?), a. [L. pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.

Pectinal

Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone Sir T. Browne.

Pectinate, Pectinated

Pec"ti*na`te (?), Pec"ti*na`ted (?), a. [L. pectinatus, p.pr. of pectinare to comb, from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. feax hair, OHG. fahs, E. paxwax.]

1. Resembling the teeth of a comb.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement and regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate leaf; pectinated muscles. See Illust. (e) of Antenn\'91.

3. Interlaced, like two combs. [R.] "Our fingers pectinated, or shut together." Sir T. Browne. Pectinate claw (Zo\'94l.), a claw having a serrate edge, found in some birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers.

Pectinately

Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a pectinate manner.

Pectination

Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n.

1. The state of being pectinated; that which is pectinated. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of combing; the combing of the head.

3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing.

Pectineal

Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the pecten. (b) Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.

Pectinibranch

Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also used adjectively.

Pectinibranchiata

Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pecten, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a comblike gill upon the neck.

Pectinibranchiate

Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having pectinated gills.

Pectiniform

Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike in form.

Pectize

Pec*tize" (?), v. i. [Gr. To congeal; to change into a gelatinous mass. [R.] H. Spencer.

Pectolite

Pec"to*lite (?), n. [L. pecten a comb + -lite.] (Min.) A whitish mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a hydrous silicate of lime and soda.

Pectoral

Pec"to*ral (?), a. [L. pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris the breast; cf. F. pectoral.]

1. Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the pectoral muscles.

2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a pectoral remedy.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Having the breast conspicuously colored; as, the pectoral sandpiper. Pectoral arch, ∨ Pectoral girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side. -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.), a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and sometimes also by canons. -- Pectorial fins, ∨ Pectorials (Zo\'94l.), fins situated on the sides, behind the gills. See Illust. under Fin. -- Pectorial rail. (Zo\'94l.) See Land rail (b) under Land. -- Pectorial sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), the jacksnipe (b).

Pectoral

Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L. pectorale a breastplate, neut. of pectorials.]

1. A covering or protecting for the breast.

2. (Eccl.) (a) A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high person. (b) A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.

3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.

Pectorally

Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As connected with the breast.

Pectoriloquial

Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, pectoriloquy.

Pectoriloquism

Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n. Pectoriloquy.

Pectoriloquous

Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a. Pectoriloquial.

Pectoriloquy

Pec`to*ril"o*quy (?), n. [L. pectus, -oris, the breast + loqui to speak: cf. F. pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The distinct articulation of the sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in auscultation. It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or pleural cavity.

Pectose

Pec"tose` (?), n. [Pectic + cellulose.] (Chem.) An amorphous carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the pectin group.

Pectosic

Pec*to"sic (?), a. (Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.

Pectostraca

Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A degenerate order of Crustacea, including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.

Pectous

Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.

Pectus

Pec"tus (?), n.; pl. Pectora (#). [L., the breast.] (Zo\'94l.) The breast of a bird.

Pecul

Pec"ul (?), n. See Picul.

Peculate

Pec"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peculating.] [L. peculatus, p.p. of peculari to peculate, akin to peculium private property. See Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own use the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to one's care; to embezzle.
An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism. Burke.

Peculation

Pec`u*la"tion (?), n. The act or practice of peculating, or of defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement.
Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations has been ruined. Burke.

Peculator

Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peculates. "Peculators of the public gold." Cowper.

Peculiar

Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L. peculiaris, fr. peculium private property, akin to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier. See Pecuniary.]

1. One's own; belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and use; not owned in common or in participation.

And purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14.
Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself. Hooker.

2. Particular; individual; special; appropriate.

While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat. Milton.
My fate is Juno's most peculiar care. Dryden.

3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the sky had a peculiarappearance. Syn. -- Peculiar, Special, Especial. Peculiar is from the Roman peculium, which was a thing emphatically and distinctively one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense always belongs to peculiar (as, a peculiar style, peculiar manners, etc.), and usually so much of the latter as to involve feelings of interest; as, peculiar care, watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this kind belongs to special and especial. They mark simply the relation of species to genus, and denote that there is something in this case more than ordinary; as, a special act of Congress; especial pains, etc.

Beauty, which, either walking or asleep, Shot forth peculiar graces. Milton.
For naught so vile that on the earth doth live, But to the earth some special good doth give. Shak.

Peculiar

Pe*cul"iar, n.

1. That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a prerogative; a characteristic.

Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven. South.

2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish or church which is exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary. Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a branch of the Court of Arches having cognizance of the affairs of peculiars. Blackstone. -- Dean of peculiars. See under Dean, 1.

Peculiarity

Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Peculiarities (.

1. The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity. Swift.

2. That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.

The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner. Macaulay.

3. Exclusive possession or right. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Peculiarize

Pe*cul"iar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecularizing (?).] To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an exclusive possession. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

Peculiarly

Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv. In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and striking degree; unusually.

Peculiarness

Pe*cul"iar*ness, n. The quality or state of being peculiar; peculiarity. Mede.

Peculium

Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See Peculiar.]

1. (Rom. Law) The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or master's consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any exclusive personal or separate property. Burrill.

2. A special fund for private and personal uses.

A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his snuff box and tobacco pouch. Sir W. Scott.

Pecunial

Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a. Pecuniary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pecuniarily

Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.

Pecuniary

Pe*cun"ia*ry (?), a. [L. pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig., property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F. p\'82cuniaire. See Fee, and cf. Peculiar.]

1. Relating to money; monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; a pecuniary reward. Burke.

Pecunious

Pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F. p\'82cunieux.] Abounding in money; wealthy; rich. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Ped

Ped (?), n. [OE. See Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a pannier. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Pedage

Ped"age (?), n. [LL. pedagium, for pedaticum. See Paage.] A toll or tax paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection. [Obs.] Spelman.

Pedagog

Ped"a*gog (?), n. Pedagogue.

Pedagogic

Ped`a*gog"ic (?), n. [From Pedagogic, a.; cf. G. pedagogik.] See Pedagogics.

Pedagogic, Pedagogical

Ped`a*gog"ic (?), Ped`a*gog"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. p\'82dagogique. See Pedagogue.] Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue.

Pedagogics

Ped`a*gog"ics (?), n. The science or art of teaching; the principles and rules of teaching; pedagogy.

Pedagogism

Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dagogisme.] The system, occupation, character, or manner of pedagogues. Milton.
Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism. De Foe.

Pedagogue

Ped"a*gogue (?), n. [F. p\'82dagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. Page a servant, Agent.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) A slave who led his master's children to school, and had the charge of them generally.

2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young; a schoolmaster.

3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant. Goldsmith.

Pedagogue

Ped"a*gogue, v. t. [Cf. L. paedagogare to instruct.] To play the pedagogue toward. [Obs.] Prior.

Pedagogy

Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dagogie.] Pedagogics; pedagogism. South.

Pedal

Pe"dal (?), a. [L. pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pew.]

1. Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or figuratively; specifically (Zo\'94l.), pertaining to the foot of a mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion.

2. ( Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals. Pedal curve ∨ surface (Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to a given surface. -- Pedal note (Mus.), the note which is held or sustained through an organ point. See Organ point, under Organ. -- Pedal organ (Mus.), an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved by the feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the feet.

Pedal

Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dale, It. pedale. See Pedal, a.]

1. (Mech.) A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.

2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or surface.

Pedalian

Pe*da"li*an (?), a. Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. [R.] Maunder.

Pedality

Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of measuring by paces. [R.] Ash.

Pedaneous

Pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on foot; pedestrian. [R.]

Pedant

Ped"ant (?), n. [F. p\'82dant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. pai^s boy. See Pedagogue.]

1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Obs.] Dryden.

A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church. Shak.

2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of learning; a pretender to superior knowledge. Addison.

A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he. Goldsmith.

Pedantic, Pedantical

Pe*dan"tic (?), Pe*dan"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pedant; characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning; as, a pedantic writer; a pedantic description; a pedantical affectation. "Figures pedantical." Shak.

Pedantically

Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic manner.

Pedanticly

Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv. Pedantically. [R.]

Pedantism

Ped"ant*ism (?), n. The office, disposition, or act of a pedant; pedantry. [Obs.]

Pedantize

Ped"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. p\'82dantiser.] To play the pedant; to use pedantic expressions. [R.]

Pedantocracy

Ped`an*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Pedant + democracy.] The sway of pedants. [R.] J. S. Mill.

Pedantry

Ped"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82danterie.] The act, character, or manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. "This pedantry of quotation." Cowley.
'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry. Sir T. Browne.

Pedanty

Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly or clique of pedants. [Obs.] Milton.

Pedarian

Pe*da"ri*an (?), n. [L. pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the foot, fr. pes, pedis, foot.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might indicate his opinion by walking over to the side of the party he favored when a vote was taken.

Pedary

Ped"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pedaries (#). [L. pedarius of the foot.] A sandal. [Obs.] Latimer.

Pedata

Pe*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedate.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet, and an internal gill.
Page 1057

Pedate

Ped"ate (?), a. [L. pedatus, p.p. of pedare to furnish with feet, fr. pes, pedis, a foot.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. -- Ped"ate*ly, adv.

Pedatifid

Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a. [Pedate + root of L. findere to split.] [Colloq.] Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at the base; -- said of a leaf.

Peddle

Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From Peddler.]

1. To travel about with wares for sale; to go from place to place, or from house to house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to peddle without a license.

2. To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.

Peddle

Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peddling (?).] To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or tinware.

Peddler

Ped"dler (?), n. [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr. OE. ped a basket, of unknown origin.] One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker. [Written also pedlar and pedler.] "Some vagabond huckster or peddler." Hakluyt.

Peddlery

Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written also pedlary and pedlery.]

1. The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail business, like that of a peddler.

2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful peddleries." Milton.

Peddling

Ped"dling, a.

1. Hawking; acting as a peddler.

2. Petty; insignificant. "The miserable remains of a peddling commerce." Burke.

Pederast

Ped"er*ast (?), n. [Gr. paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a boy + 'era^n to love: cf. F. p\'82d\'82raste.] One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.

Pederastic

Ped`er*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. paiderastiko`s.] Of or pertaining to pederasty.

Pederasty

Ped"er*as`ty (?), n. [Gr. paiderasti`a: cf. F. p\'82d\'82rastie.] The crime against nature; sodomy.<-- esp. with a boy -->

Pederero

Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp. pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp. piedra, a stone, L. petra, fr. Gr. (Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered ordnance. [Written also paterero and peterero.]

Pedesis

Pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Same as Brownian movement, under Brownian.

Pedestal

Ped"es*tal (?), n. [Sp. pedestal; cf. F. pi\'82destal, It. piedestallo; fr. L. es, pedis, foot + OHG. stal standing place, station, place, akin to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall, and Footstall.]

1. (Arch.) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like; the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of three parts, the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding. See Illust. of Column.

Build him a pedestal, and say, "Stand there!" Cowper.

2. (a) (Railroad Cars) A casting secured to the frame of a truck and forming a jaw for holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.) A pillow block; a low housing. (c) (Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for the foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier. Pedestal coil (steam Heating), a group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one above another, -- used in a radiator.

Pedestaled

Ped"es*taled (?), a. Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal; figuratively, exalted. Hawthorne.
Pedestaled haply in a palace court. Keats.

Pedestrial

Pe*des"tri*al (?), a. [L. pedester, -esteris, fr. pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82destere. See Pedal.] Of or pertaining to the feet; employing the foot or feet.

Pedestrially

Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial manner.

Pedestrian

Pe*des"tri*an (?), a. Going on foot; performed on foot; as, a pedestrian journey.

Pedestrian

Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler; specif., a professional walker or runner.

Pedestrianism

Pe*des"tri*an*ism (?), n. The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; walking or running; traveling or racing on foot.

Pedestrianize

Pe*des"tri*an*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking; to travel on foot.

Pedestrious

Pe*des"tri*ous (?), a. Going on foot; not winged. [Obs.] "Pedestrious animals." Sir T. Browne.

Pedetentous

Ped`e*ten"tous (?), a. [L. pes, pedis, foot + tendere to stretch out: cf. L. tentim by degrees.] Proceeding step by step; advancing cautiously. [R.]
That pedetentous pace and pedetentous mind in which it behooves the wise and virtuous improver to walk. Sydney Smith.

Pedi-, Pedo-

Ped"i- (?), Ped"o- (?). [See Foot.] Combining forms from L. pes, pedis, foot, as pedipalp, pedireme, pedometer.

Pedial

Pe"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a foot; pedal. Dana.

Pedicel

Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F. p\'82dicelle. See Pedicle.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A stalk which supports one flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See Peduncle, and Illust. of Flower. (b) A slender support of any special organ, as that of a capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in alg\'91, or a sporangium in ferns.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or their eggs are attached. See Illust. of Aphis lion.

3. (Anat.) (a) The ventral part of each side of the neural arch connecting with the centrum of a vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the frontal bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied animals.

Pediceled

Ped"i*celed (?), a. Pedicellate.

Pedicellaria

Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pedicellari\'91 (#). [NL. See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws, or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See Illustration in Appendix.

Pedicellate

Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.

Pedicellina

Ped`i*cel*li"na (?), n. [NL. See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported on a slender pedicel. See Illust. under Entoprocta.

Pedicle

Ped"i*cle (?), n. [L. pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot: cf. F. p\'82dicule. See edal, and cf. Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel.

Pedicular

Pe*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F. p\'82diculaire.] Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper (phthiriasis); lousy. Southey.

Pediculate

Pe*dic"u*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.

Pediculati

Pe*dic`u*la"ti (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedicle.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the anglers. See Illust. of Angler and Batfish.

Pediculation

Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Med.) Phthiriasis.

Pedicule

Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See Pedicle.] A pedicel.

Pediculina

Pe*dic`u*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pediculus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See Illust. in Appendix.

Pediculous

Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. pediculosus.] Pedicular.

Pediculus

Pe*dic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of man. See Louse.

Pediform

Ped"i*form (?), a. [Pedi- + -form.] Shaped like a foot.

Pedigerous

Pe*dig"er*ous (?), a. [Pedi- + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having feet or legs.

Pedigree

Ped"i*gree (?), n. [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. par degr\'82s by degrees, -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which records the relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F. pied de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical trees.]

1. A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or record of a line of ancestors.

Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our pedigrees. Camden.
His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree. Milton.
I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees. Sir P. Sidney.
The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their tribes. Atterbury.

2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.

Pediluvy

Ped"i*lu`vy (?), n. [Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. & Sp. pediluvio, F. p\'82diluve.] The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet. [Obs.]

Pedimana

Pe*dim"a*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot + manus hand.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of marsupials, including the opossums.

Pedimane

Ped"i*mane (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dimane.] (Zo\'94l.) A pedimanous marsupial; an opossum.

Pedimanous

Pe*dim"a*nous (?), a. [See Pedimana.] (Zo\'94l.) Having feet resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and monkeys.

Pediment

Ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. pes, pedis, a foot. See Foot.] (Arch.) Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space forming the gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken frontal having a similar position and use. See Temple.

Pedimental

Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pediment.

Pedipalp

Ped"i*palp (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dipalpe.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pedipalpi.

Pedipalpi

Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl. [NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnida, including the whip scorpions (Thelyphonus) and allied forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to include also the true scorpions.

Pedipalpous

Ped`i*pal"pous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the pedipalps.

Pedipalpus

Ped`i*pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See Pes, and Palpus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate in a claw.

Pedireme

Ped"i*reme (?), n. [Pedi- + L. remus oar.] (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean, some of whose feet serve as oars.

Pedlar, Pedler

Ped"lar, Ped"ler (?), n. See Peddler.

Pedobaptism

Pe`do*bap"tism (?), n. [Gr. baptism.] The baptism of infants or of small children. [Written also p\'91dobaptism.]

Pedobaptist

Pe`do*bap"tist (?), n. One who advocates or practices infant baptism. [Written also p\'91dobaptist.]

Pedomancy

Ped"o*man`cy (?), n. [Pedi- + -mancy.] Divination by examining the soles of the feet.

Pedometer

Pe*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf. F. p\'82dom\'8atre.] (Mech.) An instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body causes the index to advance a certain distance at each step.

Pedometric, Pedometrical

Ped`o*met"ric (?), Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or measured by, a pedometer.

Pedomotive

Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a. [Pedi-, pedo- + -motive.] Moved or worked by the action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.

Pedotrophy

Pe*dot"ro*phy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dotrophie.] The art of nourishing children properly.

Pedregal

Pe`dre*gal" (?), n. [Sp., a stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]

Peduncle

Pe*dun"cle (?), n. [Formed fr. (assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82doncule.]

1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits. &hand; The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a peduncle if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is small or delicate.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle.

3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles of the pineal gland.

Peduncled

Pe*dun"cled (?), a. Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle; pedunculate.

Peduncular

Pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82donculaire.] Of or pertaining to a peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular tendril.

Pedunculata

Pe*dun`cu*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Peduncle.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles.

Pedunculate, Pedunculated

Pe*dun"cu*late (?), Pe*dun"cu*la`ted (?), a. (Biol.) Having a peduncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a pedunculate flower; a pedunculate eye, as in a lobster.

Pee

Pee (?), n. See 1st Pea.

Pee

Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).

Peece

Peece (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Piece.

Peechi

Pee"chi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dauw.

Peek

Peek (?), v. i. [OE. piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E. pique. Cf. Peak.] To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a crevice; to peep. [Colloq.]

Peekaboo

Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's game; bopeep.

Peel

Peel (?), n. [OE. pel. Cf. Pile a heap.] A small tower, fort, or castle; a keep. [Scot.]

Peel

Peel, n. [F. pelle, L. pala.] A spadelike implement, variously used, as for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.

Peel

Peel, v. t. [Confused with peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to pillage. See Pill to rob, Pillage.] To plunder; to pillage; to rob. [Obs.]
But govern ill the nations under yoke, Peeling their provinces. Milton.

Peel

Peel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeling.] [F. peler to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to deprive of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. peler to peel off the skin, perh. fr. L. pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf. Peruke.]

1. To strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as, to peel an orange.

The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands. Shak.

2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an animal, the bark of a tree, etc.

Peel

Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin, bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels easily or readily.

Peel

Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.

Peele

Pee"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A graceful and swift South African antelope (Pelea capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and very sharp. Called also rheeboc, and rehboc.

Peeler

Peel"er (?), n. One who peels or strips.

Peeler

Peel"er, n. [See Peel to plunder.] A pillager.

Peeler

Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert Peel. [British Slang] See Bobby.

Peelhouse

Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott.

Peen

Peen (?), n. [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation. (b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's hammer. [Spelt also pane, pein, and piend.]

Peen

Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen of a hammer or sledge.

Peenge

Peenge (?), v. i. To complain. [Scot.]

Peep

Peep (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.] [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, p\'82pier, L. pipire, pipare, pipiare, D. & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.]

1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to cheep.

There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped. Is. x. 14.

2. To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the first appearance.

When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear. Dryden.
Page 1058

3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.

eep through the blanket of the dark. Shak.
From her cabined loophole peep. Milton.
Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the breech.

Peep

Peep (?), n.

1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.

2. First outlook or appearance.

Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn. Gray.

3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of concealment.

To take t' other peep at the stars. Swift.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna minutilla). (b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis). Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through an orifice or a magnifying glass. -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish insurgents of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. [Cant]

Peeper

Peep"er (?), n.

1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.

2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.

Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers? J. Webster.

3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.]

Peephole

Peep"hole` (?), n. A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep without being discovered.

Peeping hole

Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole.

Peepul tree

Pee"pul tree` (?). [Hind. p\'c6pal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.) A sacred tree (Ficus religiosa) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains great size and venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also pippul tree, and pipal tree.]

Peer

Peer (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p Peered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.] [OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F. para\'8ctre to appear, L. parere. Cf. Appear.]

1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic]

So honor peereth in the meanest habit. Shak.
See how his gorget peers above his gown! B. Jonson.

2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to peep.] To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering day. Milton.

Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads. Shak.
As if through a dungeon grate he peered. Coleridge.

Peer

Peer, n. [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. Apparel, Pair, Par, n., Umpire.]

1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate.

In song he never had his peer. Dryden.
Shall they consort only with their peers? I. Taylor.

2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.

He all his peers in beauty did surpass. Spenser.

3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of the realm.

A noble peer of mickle trust and power. Milton.
House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See Parliament. -- Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.

Peer

Peer v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin.

Peer

Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.]

Peerage

Peer"age (?), n. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]

1. The rank or dignity of a peer. Blackstone.

2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.

When Charlemain with all his peerage fell. Milton.

Peerdom

Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.]

Peeress

Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.

Peerie, Peery

Peer"ie, Peer"y (?), a. [See 1st Peer, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery gray eyes." Sir W. Scott.

Peerless

Peer"less (?), a. Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative. "Her peerless feature." Shak.
Unvailed her peerless light. Milton.
--Peer"less*ly, adv. -- Peer"less*ness, n.

Peert

Peert (?), a. Same as Peart.

Peerweet

Peer"weet (?), n. Same as Pewit (a & b).

Peevish

Pee"vish (?), a. [OE. pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word imitative of the noise made by fretful children + -ish.]

1. Habitually fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain; querulous; petulant. "Her peevish babe." Wordsworth.

She is peevish, sullen, froward. Shak.

2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable dissatisfaction; as, a peevish answer.

3. Silly; childish; trifling. [Obs.]

To send such peevish tokens to a king. Shak.
Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious; discontented. See Fretful.

Peevishly

Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish manner. Shak.

Peevishness

Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur; sourness of temper. Syn. -- See Petulance.

Peevit, Peewit

Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pewit.

Peg

Peg (?), n. [OE. pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a point, prickle, and E. peak.]

1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe peg.

2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext; as, a peg to hang a claim upon.

3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are strained. Shak.

4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.

5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down peg."

To screw papal authority to the highest peg. Barrow.
And took your grandess down a peg. Hudibras.
Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as divide the liquor into equal portions. "Drink down to your peg." Longfellow. -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a boy's top which is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw without a head, for fastening soles.

Peg

Peg (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pegging (?).]

1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.

I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. Shak.

2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.]

Peg

Peg, v. i. To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.

Pegador

Pe`ga*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a sticker.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of remora (Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.

Pegasean

Pe*ga"se*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to poetry.

Pegasoid

Peg"a*soid (?), a. [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to Pegasus.

Pegasus

Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.

Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace. Byron.

2. (Astron.) A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the square of Pegasus.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from the East Indies and China.

Pegger

Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens with pegs.

Pegging

Peg"ging (?), n. The act or process of fastening with pegs.

Pegm

Pegm (?), n. [L. pegma a movable stage, Gr. A sort of moving machine employed in the old pageants. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Pegmatite

Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr. pegmatite. See Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic granite. See under Granite. (b) More generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in other rocks.

Pegmatitic

Peg`ma*tit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pegmatite; as, the pegmatic structure of certain rocks resembling graphic granite.

Pegtatoid

Peg"ta*toid (?), a. [Pegmatite + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling pegmatite; pegmatic.

Pegomancy

Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -macy.] Divination by fountains. [R.]

Pegroots

Peg"roots` (?), n. Same as Setterwort.

Pehlevi

Peh"le*vi` (?), n. [Parsee Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of the 7th century, and later in religious writings. [Written also Pahlavi.]

Pein

Pein (?), n. See Peen.

Peirameter

Pei*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of different constructions. G. Francis.

Peirastic

Pei*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. Fitted for trail or test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts.

Peise

Peise (?), n. [See Poise.] A weight; a poise. [Obs.] "To weigh pence with a peise." Piers Plowman.

Peise

Peise, v. t. To poise or weight. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lest leaden slumber peise me down. Shak.

Peitrel

Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc. Armor) See Peytrel.

Pejorative

Pe*jor"a*tive (?), a. [F. p\'82joratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar. of malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging; unfavorable.

Pekan

Pek"an (?), n. [F. pekan.] (Zo\'94l.) See Fisher, 2.

Pekoe

Pek"oe (?), n. [Chin. pih-hoau: cf. F. peko\'89] A kind of black tea. [Written also pecco.]

Pela

Pe"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wax insect, under Wax.

Pelage

Pel"age (?), n. [F. pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.] (Zo\'94l.) The covering, or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair.

Pelagian

Pe*la"gi*an (?), a. [L. pelagius, Gr. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian shells.

Pelagian

Pe*la"gi*an, n. [L. Pelagianus: cf. F. p\'82lagien.] (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Pelagius, a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.

Pelagian

Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to his doctrines.

Pelagianism

Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82lagianisme.] The doctrines of Pelagius.

Pelagic

Pe*lag"ic (?), a. [L. pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean; -- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.

Pelargonic

Pel`ar*gon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the geranium (Pelargonium) and allied plants.

Pelargonium

Pel`ar*go"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A large genus of plants of the order Geraniace\'91, differing from Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla. &hand; About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly all of them natives of South Africa, and many having very beautiful blossoms. See the Note under Geranium.

Pelasgian, Pelasgic

Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic (?), a. [L. Pelasgus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of roving habits.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Wandering.

Pelecan

Pel"e*can (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pelican.

Pelecaniformes

Pel`e*can`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pelican, and -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.

Pelecoid

Pel"e*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.) A figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square ABCD inclosed by the chords of the four quadrants. [Written also pelicoid.] Math. Dict.

Pelecypoda

Pel`e*cyp"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lamellibranchia.

Pelegrine

Pel"e*grine (?), a. See Peregrine. [Obs.]

Pelerine

Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F. p\'8alerine a tippet, fr. p\'8alerin a pilgrim, fr. L. peregrinus foreign, alien. See Pilgrim.] A woman's cape; especially, a fur cape that is longer in front than behind.

Pelf

Pelf (?), n. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to plunder, and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. "Mucky pelf." Spenser. "Paltry pelf." Burke.
Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry? Fuller.

Pelfish

Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to pelf. Stanyhurst.

Pelfray, Pelfry

Pel"fray (?), Pel"fry (?), n. Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish; trash. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Pelican

Pel"i*can (?), n. [F. p\'82lican, L. pelicanus, pelecanus, Gr. para&cced;u.] [Written also pelecan.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any large webfooted bird of the genus of Pelecanus, of which about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily stored. &hand; The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and the brown species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America.

2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation. &hand; The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling apparatus. Frigate pelican (Zo\'94l.), the frigate bird. See under Frigate. -- Pelican fish (Zo\'94l.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the very large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pelican ibis (Zo\'94l.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; -- a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity. -- Pelican's foot (Zo\'94l.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais pes-pelicani of Europe.

Pelick

Pel"ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American coot (Fulica).

Pelicoid

Pel"i*coid (?), n. See Pelecoid.

Pelicosauria

Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A suborder of Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian formation.

Peliom

Pe"li*om (?), n. [See Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.

Pelioma

Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) A livid ecchymosis.

2. (Min.) See Peliom.

Pelisse

Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L. pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr. pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch, and see 2d Pell.] An outer garment for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.

Pell

Pell (?), v. t. [Cf. Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock about. [Obs.] Holland.

Pell

Pell, n. [OF. pel, F. peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a skin.]

1. A skin or hide; a pelt.

2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record. Clerk of the pells, formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered accounts on certain parchment rolls, called pell rolls. [Eng.]

Pellack

Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael. Peileag.] (Zo\'94l.) A porpoise.

Pellage

Pell"age (?), n. [See 2d Pell.] A customs duty on skins of leather.
Page 1059

Pellagrin

Pel"la*grin (?), n. One who is afficted with pellagra. Chambers's Encyc.

Pellet

Pel"let (?), n. [F. pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr. L. pila a ball. Cf. Platoon.]

1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax .

2. A bullet; a ball for firearms. [Obs.] Bacon.

As swift as a pellet out of a gun. Chaucer.
Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat disks.

Pellet

Pel"let, v. To form into small balls. [Obs.] Shak.

Pelleted

Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.] "This pelleted storm." Shak.

Pellibranchiata

Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia a gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves as a gill.

Pellicle

Pel"li*cle (?), n. [L. pellicu, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F. pellicule.]

1. A thin skin or film.

2. (Chem.) A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating solution.

Pellicular

Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pellicle. Henslow.

Pellile

Pel*li"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The redshank; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

Pellitory

Pel"li*to*ry (?), n. [OE. paritorie, OF. paritoire, F. pari\'82taire; (cf. It. & Sp. parietaria), L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory, the wall plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr. paries, parietis a wall. Cf. Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name of the several species of the genus Parietaria, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle family; -- also called wall pellitory, and lichwort. &hand; Parietaria officinalis is common on old walls in Europe; P.Pennsylvanica is found in the United States; and six or seven more species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.

Pellitory

Pel"li*to*ry, n. [Sp. pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See Bertram.] (Bot.) (a) A composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the Mediterranean region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue. Called also bertram, and pellitory of Spain. (b) The feverfew (Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so called because it resembles the above.

Pell-mell

Pell`-mell" (, n. See Pall-mall.

Pellmell

Pell`mell", adv. [F. p\'88le-m\'88le, prob. fr. pelle a shovel + m\'88ler to mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and mixed with a shovel. See Pell shovel, Medley.] In utter confusion; with confused violence. "Men, horses, chariots, crowded pellmell." Milton.

Pellucid

Pel*lu"cid (?), a. [L. pellucidus; per (see Per-) + lucidus clear, bright: cf. F. pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not opaque. "Pellucid crystal." Dr. H. More. "Pellucid streams." Wordsworth.

Pellucidity, Pellucidness

Pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?), Pel*lu"cid*ness (?), n. [L. pelluciditas.] The quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air. Locke.

Pellucidly

Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid manner.

Pelma

Pel"ma (?), n.; pl. Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The under surface of the foot.<-- = sole? -->

Pelopium

Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr. (Chem.) A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be identical with columbium, or niobium.

Peloponnesian

Pel`o*pon*ne"sian (?), a. [L. Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.

Peloria

Pe*lo"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) Abnormal regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of the special irregularity.

Peloric

Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.) Abnormally regular or symmetrical. Darwin.

Pelotage

Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.] Packs or bales of Spanish wool.

Pelt

Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G. pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F. pelisse (see Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr. peltry.]

1. The skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell. Sir T. Browne.

Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes. Fuller.

2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden.

3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry killed by the hawk. Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.

Pelt

Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pelting.] [OE. pelten, pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L. pultare, equiv. to pulsare (v. freq. fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a beating.]

1. To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.

The children billows seem to pelt the clouds. Shak.

2. To throw; to use as a missile.

My Phillis me with pelted apples plies. Dryden.

Pelt

Pelt, v. i.

1. To throw missiles. Shak.

2. To throw out words. [Obs.]

Another smothered seems to peltand swear. Shak.

Pelt

Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something thrown.

Pelta

Pel"ta (?), n.; pl. Pelt\'91. [L., a shield, fr. Gr.

1. (Antiq.) A small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or crescent-shaped.

2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no rim.

Peltate, Peltated

Pel"tate (?), Pel"ta*ted (?), a. [Cf. F. pelt\'82. See Pelta.] Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem or support attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a leaf or other organ. -- Pel"tate*ly (#), adv.

Pelter

Pelt"er (?), n. One who pelts.

Pelter

Pel"ter (?), n. A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint. [Obs.] "Let such pelters prate." Gascoigne.

Peltiform

Pel"ti*form (?), a. [Pelta + -form.] Shieldlike, with the outline nearly circular; peltate. <-- #! original has "pellate", but should be "peltate" --> Henslow.

Pelting

Pel"ting (?), a. Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak.

Peltry

Pelt"ry (?), n. [F. pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier a furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L. pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell, n., Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.

Peltryware

Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n. Peltry. [Obs.]

Peludo

Pe*lu"do (?), n. [Sp. peludo hairy.] (Zo\'94l.) The South American hairy armadillo (Dasypus villosus).

Pelusiac

Pe*lu"si*ac (?), a. [L. Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an ancient city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of the Nile.

Pelvic

Pel"vic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic cellulitis. Pelvic arch, ∨ Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult, forming the innominate bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.

Pelvimeter

Pel*vim"e*ter (?), n. [Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F. pelvim\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. Coxe.

Pelvis

Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr.

1. (Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The calyx of a crinoid. Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the kidney.

Pemmican

Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written also pemican.]

1. Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the sun.

Then on pemican they feasted. Longfellow.

2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.

Pemphigus

Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. (Med.) A somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs upon different part of the body. Quain.

Pen

Pen (?), n. [OE. penne, OF. penne, pene, F. penne, fr. L. penna.]

1. A feather. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton.

3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or graving.

Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock. Job xix. 24.

4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen. "Those learned pens." Fuller.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell of a squid.

6. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A female swan. [Prov. Eng.]<-- contrast cob, the male swan --> Bow pen. See Bow-pen. -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines. -- Drawing, ∨ Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of blades between which the ink is contained. -- Fountain pen, Geometric pen. See under Fountain, and Geometric. -- Music pen, a pen having five points for drawing the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and ink, ∨ pen-and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink sketch. -- Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under Name. -- Sea pen (Zo\'94l.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea-pen.]

Pen

Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penning (?).] To write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to pen a sonnet. "A prayer elaborately penned." Milton.

Pen

Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?) or Pent (p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.] [OE. pennen, AS. pennan in on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from the same source as pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See Pin, n. & v.] To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. "Away with her, and pen her up." Shak.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve. Milton.

Pen

Pen, n. [From Pen to shut in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep or for pigs.
My father stole two geese out of a pen. Shak.

Penal

Pe"nal (?), a. [L. poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F. p\'82nal. See Pain.] Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as: (a) Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code. (b) Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense. (c) Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a penal colony or settlement. "Adamantine chains and penal fire." Milton. Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment. -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law), laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing them. -- Penal servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action (Law), a suit for penalties.

Penality

Pe*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. poenalitas. See Penalty.] The quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment. Sir T. Browne.

Penalize

Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t.

1. To make penal.

2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.]

Penally

Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal manner.

Penalty

Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl. Penalties (#). [F. p\'82nalit\'82. See Penal.]

1. Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.

Death is the penalty imposed. Milton.

2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.

The penalty and forfeit of my bond. Shak.

3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant] &hand; The term penalty is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment. Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- On, ∨ Under, penalty of, on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of transgression.

Penance

Pen"ance (?), n. [OF. penance, peneance, L. paenitentia repentance. See Penitence.]

1. Repentance. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).

2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. [Obs.] "Joy or penance he feeleth none." Chaucer.

3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

And bitter penance, with an iron whip. Spenser.
Quoth he, "The man hath penance done, And penance more will do." Coleridge.

Penance

Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penanced (?).] To impose penance; to punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats.

Penanceless

Pen"ance*less, a. Free from penance. [R.]

Penang nut

Pe*nang" nut` (?). [From the native name.] (Bot.) The betel nut. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Penannular

Pen*an"nu*lar (?), a. [L. pene, paene, almost + E. annular.] Nearly annular; having nearly the form of a ring. "Penannular relics." D. Wilson.

Penary

Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal. [Obs.] Gauden.

Penates

Pe*na"tes (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods of the ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. See Lar.

Penaunt

Pen"aunt (?), n. [OF. penant, peneant. See Penitent.] A penitent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pence

Pence (?), n., pl. of Penny. See Penny. <-- chiefly Brit. -->

Pencel

Pen"cel (?), n. [See Pennoncel.] A small, narrow flag or streamer borne at the top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

Penchant

Pen`chant" (?), n. [F., fr. pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL. pendicare, L. pendere. See Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste; bias; as, a penchant for art.

Penchute

Pen"chute` (?), n. See Penstock.

Pencil

Pen"cil (?), n. [OF. pincel, F. pinceau, L. penicillum, penicillus, equiv. to peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf. Penicil.]

1. A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.

With subtile pencil depainted was this storie. Chaucer.

2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used for drawing or writing. See Graphite.

3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer, etc.

4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point.

5. (Geom.) A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called the pencil point.

6. (Med.) A small medicated bougie. Pencil case, a holder for pencil lead. -- Pencil flower (Bot.), an American perennial leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior). -- Pencil lead, a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion in a holder.

Pencil

Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Penciling or Pencilling.] To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or to draw. Cowper.
Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers. Harte.

Penciled

Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also pencilled.]

1. Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.

2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.

3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or radiating lines.

Penciling

Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written also pencilling.]

1. The work of the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a picture.

2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall. Knight.

Pencillate, Pencillated

Pen"cil*late (?), Pen"cil*la`ted (?), a. Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.

Pencraft

Pen"craft (?), n.

1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.

2. The art of composing or writing; authorship.

I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft. S
Page 1060

Page 1060

Pend

Pend (?), n. Oil cake; penock. [India]

Pend

Pend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] [L. pendere.]

1. To hang; to depend. [R.]

Pending upon certain powerful motions. I. Taylor.

2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.

Pend

Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an inclosure.] To pen; to confine. [R.]
ended within the limits . . . of Greece. Udall.

Pendant

Pend"ant (?), n. [F., orig. p.pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf. Pendent, Pansy, Pensive, Poise, Ponder.]

1. Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.

Some hang upon the pendants of her ear. Pope.
Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the Tales and Popular Fictions. Keightley.

2. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are mere decorative features. "[A bridge] with . . . pendants graven fair." Spenser.

3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to the other vase.

4. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.] Knight. Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the roof.

Pendence

Pend"ence (?), n. [See Pendent.] Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pendency

Pend"en*cy (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.

2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.

Pendent

Pend"ent (?), a. [L. pendens, -entis, p.pr. of pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. Pendant.]

1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak.

Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle. Longfellow.

2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock." Shak.

Pendentive

Pen*den"tive (?), n. [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.] (Arch.) (a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola. (b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.

Pendently

Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent manner.

Pendice

Pen"dice (?), n. [Cf. Pentice.] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Pendicle

Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf. Appendicle.] An appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott.

Pendicler

Pen*di*cler (?), n. An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Pending

Pend"ing (?), a. [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. Pendent.] Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.

Pending

Pend"ing, prep. During; as, pending the trail.

Pendragon

Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.
The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings. Tennyson.

Pendular

Pen"du*lar (?), a. Pendulous.

Pendulate

Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing as a pendulum. [R.]

Pendule

Pen"dule (?), n. [F.] A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn.

Penduline

Pen"du`line (?), n. [F. See Pendulum.] (Zo\'94l.) A European titmouse (Parus, ∨ \'92githalus, pendulinus). It is noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined with feathers.

Pendulosity

Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See Pendulous.] The state or quality of being pendulous. Sir T. Browne.

Pendulous

Pen"du*lous (?), a. [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. Pendant, and cf. Pendulum.]

1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. "The pendulous round earth. Milton.

2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] "A pendulous state of mind." Atterbury.

3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.

Pendulously

Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous manner.

Pendulousness

Pen"du*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.

Pendulum

Pen"du*lum (?), n.; pl. Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging, swinging. See Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery. &hand; The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small. Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound pendulum, an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical ∨ Revolving, pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch. -- Simple ∨ Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.

Penelope

Pe*nel"o*pe (?), n. [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the Odyssey, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of curassows, including the guans.

Penetrability

Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.] The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Cheyne.

Penetrable

Pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. penetrabilus: cf. F. p\'82n\'82trable.] Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.
And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden.
I am not made of stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats. Shak.
-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. -- Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.

Penetrail

Pen"e*trail (?), n. Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey.

Penetralia

Pen`e*tra"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal. See Penetrate.]

1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or palace.

2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred penetralia of the home.

Penetrance, Penetrancy

Pen"e*trance (?), Pen"e*tran*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.

Penetrant

Pen"e*trant (?), a. [L. penetrans, p.pr. of penetrare: cf. F. p\'82n\'82trant.] Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, penetrant cold. "Penetrant and powerful arguments." Boyle.

Penetrate

Pen"e*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penetrating.] [L. penetratus, p.p. of penetrare to penetrate; akin to penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to pens with, in the power of, penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.]

1. To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness.

2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with pity. Shak.

The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's style. M. Arnold.

3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to understand.

Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. Ray.

Penetrate

Pen"e*trate, v. i. To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively.
Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. J. R. Green.
Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. Pope.
The sweet of life that penetrates so near. Daniel.

Penetrating

Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a.

1. Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.

2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating mind.

Penetratingly

Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating manner.

Penetration

Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L. penetratio: cf. F. p\'82n\'82tration.]

1. The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.

And to each in ward part, With gentle penetration, though unseen, Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. Milton.
A penetration into the difficulties of algebra. Watts.

2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of singular penetration. Walpole. Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See Discernment, and Sagacity.

Penetrative

Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82n\'82tratif.]

1. Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun.

His look became keen and penetrative. Hawthorne.

2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; as, penetrative shame. Shak.

3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. "The penetrative eye." Wordsworth.

Led on by skill of penetrative soul. Grainger.

Penetrativeness

Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of being penetrative.

Penfish

Pen"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A squid.

Penfold

Pen"fold` (?), n. See Pinfold.

Pengolin

Pen"go*lin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)The pangolin.

Penguin

Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under Jackass. &hand; Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions. The king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and A. longirostris) are the largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and the rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds.

2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia Pinguin) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid, pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges. [Written also pinguin.] Arctic penguin (Zo\'94l.), the great auk. See Auk.

Penguinery

Pen"guin*er*y (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.

Penholder

Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle for a pen.

Penhouse

Pen"house` (?), n. A penthouse. [Obs.]

Penible

Pen*i"ble (?), a. [OF. penible. Cf. Painable.] Painstaking; assidous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Penicil

Pen"i*cil (?), n. [L. penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.) A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.

Penicillate

Pen`i*cil"late (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nicill\'82. See Penicil.] (Biol.) Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.

Penicilliform

Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a. (Bot.) Penicillate.

Peninsula

Pen*in"su*la (?), n. [L. peninsula or paeninsula; paene almost + insula an island. See Isle.] A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.

Peninsular

Pen*in"su*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82ninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular war.

Peninsulate

Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peninsulating.] To form into a peninsula.
South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm. W. Bentley.

Penis

Pe"nis (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The male member, or organ of generation.

Penitence

Pen"i*tence (?), n. [F. p\'82nitence, L. paenitentia. See Penitent, and cf. Penance.] The quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition. "Penitence of his old guilt." Chaucer.
Death is deferred, and penitenance has room To mitigate, if not reverse, the doom. Dryden.
Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.

Penitencer

Pen"i*ten*cer (?), n. [F. p\'82nitencier.] A priest who heard confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases. [Written also penitenser.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

Penitency

Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Penitence. [Obs.]

Penitent

Pen"i*tent (?), a. [F. p\'82nitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens, p.pr. of paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob. akin to poena punishment. See Pain.]

1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of life.

Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.
The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.

2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak.

Penitent

Pen"i*tent, n.

1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.

2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.

3. One under the direction of a confessor. &hand; Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in charitable acts.

Penitential

Pen`i*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nitentiel.] Of or pertaining to penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of penance; as, the penitential book; penitential tears. "Penitential stripes." Cowper.
Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse. Sir W. Scott.

Penitential

Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.) A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also penitential book.

Penitentially

Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential manner.

Penitentiary

Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nitentiaire.]

1. Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. "A penitentiary tax." Abp. Bramhall.

2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.

3. Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation. "Penitentiary houses." Blackstone.

Penitentiary

Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl. Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F. p\'82nitencier. See Penitent.]

1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond.

3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. Shpiley.

4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley.

5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions, dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope. (b) An officer in some dioceses since A. D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him.

6. A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are generally compelled to labor.

Penitentiaryship

Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a penitentiary of the papal court. [R.] Wood.

Penitently

Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent manner.
Page 1061

Penk

Penk (?), n. A minnow. See Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.

Penknife

Pen"knife` (?), n.; pl. Penknives (#). [Pen + knife.] A small pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.

Penman

Pen"man (?), n.; pl. Penmen (.

1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.

2. An author; a composer. South.

Penmanship

Pen"man*ship, n. The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.

Penna

Pen"na (?), n.; pl. Penn\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A perfect, or normal, feather.

Pennaceous

Pen"na"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to a normal feather.

Pennach

Pen"nach (?), n. [OF. pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of feathers; a plume. [Obs.] Holland.

Pennached

Pen"nached (?), a. [Cf. OF. pennach\'82. See Panache.] Variegated; striped. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Pennage

Pen"nage (?), n. [L. penna feather.] Feathery covering; plumage. [Obs.] Holland.

Pennant

Pen"nant (?), n. [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon, fr. L. penna feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon, Pinion.] (Naut.) (a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, ∨ long, pennant (called also whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel. "With flags and pennants trimmed." Drayton. (b) A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.

Pennate, Pennated

Pen"nate (?), Pen"na*ted (?), a. [L. pennatus feathered, winged, from penna feather, wing.]

1. Winged; plume-shaped.

2. (Bot.) Same as Pinnate.

Pennatula

Pen*nat"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. Pennatul\'91 (#), E. Pennatulas (#). [NL., fr. L. penna a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.

Pennatulacea

Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pennatula.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See Pennatula, and Illust. under Alcyonaria.

Penned

Penned (?), a.

1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]

2. Written with a pen; composed. "Their penned speech." Shak.

Penner

Pen"ner (?), n.

1. One who pens; a writer. Sir T. North.

2. A case for holding pens. [Obs.]

Penniform

Pen"ni*form (?), a. [L. penna feather + -form: cf. F. penniforme.] Having the form of a feather or plume.

Pennigerous

Pen*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. penniger; penna feather + gerere to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing feathers or quills.

Penniless

Pen"ni*less (?), a. [From Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious; poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness, n.

Penninerved

Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L. penna feather + E. nerve.] Pinnately veined or nerved.

Pennipotent

Pen*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. pennipotens; penna wing + potens strong.] Strong of wing; strong on the wing. [Poetic] Davies (Holy Roode).

Pennon

Pen"non (?), n. [Cf. Pinion.] A wing; a pinion. Milton.

Pennon

Pen"non, n. [See Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.

Pennoncel, Pennoncelle

Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle` (?), n. [OF. penoncel. See Pennant.] See Pencel.

Penny

Pen"ny (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of pun, for pound.] Denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to nails; as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.

Penny

Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies (#) or Pence (. Pennies denotes the number of coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. [OE. peni, AS. penig, pening, pending; akin to D. penning, OHG. pfenning, pfenting, G. pfennig, Icel. penningr; of uncertain origin.]

1. An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by the abbreviation d. (the initial of denarius). &hand; "The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only one, corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and was] called penny, denarius, or denier." R. S. Poole. The ancient silver penny was worth about three pence sterling (see Pennyweight). The old Scotch penny was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United States the word penny is popularly used for cent.

2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak.

3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny.

What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent? Shak.

4. (Script.) See Denarius. Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb of the Mustard family, having round, flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. -- Penny dog (Zo\'94l.), a kind of shark found on the South coast of Britain: the tope. -- Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard. [Obs.] Robinson (More's Utopia). -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal. [R.] -- Penny post, a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier. -- Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny wise and pound foolish.

Penny

Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing one penny.

Penny-a-liner

Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer. Thackeray.

Pennyroyal

Pen`ny*roy"al (?), n. [A corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE. puliall is ultimately derived fr. L. puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and royal is a translation of L. regium, in puleium regium.] (Bot.) An aromatic herb (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) resembling it in flavor. Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See Blue curls, under Blue.

Pennyweight

Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.

Pennywort

Pen"ny*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European trailing herb (Linaria Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in hanging baskets. March, ∨ Water, pennywort. (Bot.) See under March.

Pennyworth

Pen"ny*worth` (?), n.

1. A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny. "A dear pennyworth." Evelyn.

2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.

The priests sold the better pennyworths. Locke.

3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon.

Penock

Pen"ock (?), n. See Pend.

Penological

Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to penology.

Penologist

Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or a student of, penology.

Penology

Pe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. poena, punishment + -logy.] The science or art of punishment. [Written also p&oe;nology.]

Penrack

Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for pens not in use.

Pens

Pens (?), n., pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pensative

Pen"sa*tive (?), a. Pensive. [Obs.] Shelton.

Pensel

Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel. Chaucer.

Pensible

Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held aloft. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pensile

Pen"sile (?), a. [L. pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE. pensil. See Pendant.] Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous. Bacon.
The long, pensile branches of the birches. W. Howitt.

Pensileness

Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.

Pension

Pen"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere, pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to pend to hang. See Pendant, and cf. Spend.]

1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.]

The stomach's pension, and the time's expense. Sylvester.

2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.

To all that kept the city pensions and wages. 1 Esd. iv. 56.

3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

4. [F., pronounced .] A boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium, Switzerland, etc.

Pension

Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pensioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pensioning.] To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by off; as, to pension off a servant.
One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. Pope.

Pensionary

Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a.

1. Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as, pensionary spies. Donne.

2. Consisting of a pension; as, a pensionary provision for maintenance.

Pensionary

Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F. pensionnaire. Cf. Pensioner.]

1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner. E. Hall.

2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland. Grand pensionary, the title of the prime minister, or or president of the Council, of Holland when a republic.

Pensioner

Pen"sion*er (?), n.

1. One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.

The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train. Milton.
Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital. Macaulay.

2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or allowance, of \'9c150 and two horses.

3. [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for his board. Cf. Pensionary, n.] In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at Oxford. Ld. Lytton.

Pensive

Pen"sive (?), a. [F. pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L. pensare to weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See Pension, Poise.]

1. Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.

The pensive secrecy of desert cell. Milton.
Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed. Pope.

2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive numbers. Prior.

Pensived

Pen"sived (?), a. Made pensive. [R.] Shak.

Pensively

Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a pensive manner.

Pensiveness

Pen"sive*ness, n. The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness; seriousness. Hooker.

Penstock

Pen"stock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure + stock.]

1. A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.

2. The barrel of a wooden pump.

Pent

Pent (?), p. p. ∨ a. [From Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up.
Here in the body pent. J. Montgomery.
No pent-up Utica contracts your powers. J. M. Sewall.

Penta-

Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. Five.]

1. A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.

2. (Chem.) Denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality, property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also used adjectively.

Pentabasic

Pen`ta*ba"sic (?), a. [Penta- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of uniting with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.

Pentacapsular

Pen`ta*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Penta- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having five capsules.

Pentachenium

Pen`ta*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Achenium.] (Bot.) A dry fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at maturity.

Pentachloride

Pen`ta*chlo"ride (?), n. [Penta- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.

Pentachord

Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L. pentachordus five-stringed, Gr.

1. An ancient instrument of music with five strings.

2. An order or system of five sounds. Busby.

Pentacid

Pen*tac"id ( [Penta- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of certain complex bases.

Pentacle

Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. A figure composed of two equilateral triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages.<-- ?? Usually, it is a five-pointed star, also called a pentagram or pentalpha. See illustr. under pentalpha. The six-pointed is also called Solomon's seal; it resembles the star of David (Magen David) [not listed in the W1913] -->

Pentacoccous

Pen`ta*coc"cous (?), a. [See Penta-, Coccus.] (Bot.) Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.

Pentaconter

Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) See Penteconter.

Pentacrinin

Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.

Pentacrinite

Pen*tac"ri*nite (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentacrinus.

Pentacrinoid

Pen*tac"ri*noid (?), n. [Pentacrinus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An immature comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a Pentacrinus.

Pentacrinus

Pen*tac"ri*nus (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Crinum.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.

Pentacron

Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L. Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Geom.) A solid having five summits or angular points.

Pentacrostic

Pen`ta*cros"tic (?), n. [Penta- + acrostic.] A set of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different parts from top to bottom.

Pentad

Pen"tad (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad in the ammonium compounds.

Pentad

Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having the valence of a pentad.

Pentadactyl, Pentadactyle

Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle (?), a. [Gr. Penta-, and Dactyl.]

1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the hand or foot.

2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.

Pentadactyloid

Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid (?), a. [Pentadactyl + -oid.] (Anat.) Having the form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.

Pentadecane

Pen`ta*dec"ane (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, (C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule.

Pentadecatoic

Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decatoic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.

Pentadecylic

Pen`ta*decyl"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decylic.] (Chem.) Same as Quindecylic<-- = pentadecyl? -->.

Pentadelphous

Pen`ta*del"phous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.
Page 1062

Pentafid

Pen"ta*fid (?), a. [Penta- + root of L. findere to split.] (Bot.) Divided or cleft into five parts.

Pentaglot

Pen"ta*glot (?), n. [Penta- + -glot, as in polyglot.] A work in five different tongues.

Pentagon

Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L. pentagonium, F. pentagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having five angles, and, consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles. Regular pentagon, a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides all equal.

Pentagonal

Pen*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. pentagonal, pentagone, L. pentagonus, pentagonius, Gr. Having five corners or angles. Pentagonal dodecahedron. See Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.

Pentagonally

Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv. In the form of a pentagon; with five angles. Sir T. Browne.

Pentagonous

Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a. Pentagonal.

Pentagram

Pen"ta*gram (?), n. [Gr. Penta-, and -gram.] A pentacle or a pentalpha. "Like a wizard pentagram." Tennyson.

Pentagraphic, Pentagraphical

Pen`ta*graph"ic (?), Pen`ta*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Corrupted fr. pantographic, -ical.] Pantographic. See Pantograph.

Pentagynia

Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants, having five styles or pistils.

Pentagynian, Pentagynous

Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Pen*tag"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles.

Pentahedral

Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.

Pentahedrical

Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a. Pentahedral. [R.]

Pentahedron

Pen`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat, base.] A solid figure having five sides.

Pentahedrous

Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a. Pentahedral. Woodward.

Pentail

Pen"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar insectivore (Ptilocercus Lowii) of Borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.

Pentalpha

Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pentalpha. See Penta-, and Alpha.] A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their bases; -- used as a symbol. <-- also called pentagram and pentacle? -->

Pentamera

Pen*tam"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that normally have five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species of the Coleoptera.

Pentameran

Pen*tam"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pentamera.

Pentamerous

Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr.

1. (Biol.) Divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in sets, with five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Pentamera.

Pentamerus

Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper Silurian. Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian limestone composed largely of the shells of Pentamerus.

Pentameter

Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse of five feet. &hand; The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a di\'91resis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second. The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed by the pentameter. Harkness.

Pentameter

Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical feet.

Pentamethylene

Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Penta- + methylene.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. Trimethylene, and Tetramethylene.

Pentandria

Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having five separate stamens.

Pentandrian, Pentandrous

Pen*tan"dri*an (?), Pen*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Pentadria; having five stamens.

Pentane

Pen"tane (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.

Pentangle

Pen"tan`gle (?), n. [Penta- + angle.] A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pentangular

Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Penta- + angular.] Having five corners or angles. [R.]

Pentapetalous

Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.) Having five petals, or flower leaves.

Pentaphyllous

Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having five leaves or leaflets.

Pentapody

Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Pros.) A measure or series consisting of five feet.

Pentaptote

Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L. (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. Penta-) + (Gram.) A noun having five cases.

Pentaptych

Pen"tap*tych (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Fine Arts) A picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.

Pentarchy

Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. pentarchie. See Penta-, and -archy.] A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers. P. Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer.

Pentaspast

Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L. pentaspaston, Gr. Penta-) + pentaspaste.] A purchase with five pulleys. [R.]

Pentaspermous

Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Containing five seeds.

Pentastich

Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + A composition consisting of five verses.

Pentastichous

Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a cherry tree.

Pentastomida

Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Penta-) + (Zo\'94l.) Same as Linguatulina.

Pentastyle

Pen"ta*style (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Arch.) Having five columns in front; -- said of a temple or portico in classical architecture. -- n. A portico having five columns.

Pentateuch

Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. pentateuchus, Gr. Penta-) + text. See Five, and Text.] The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of Moses, Book of the Law of Moses, etc.

Pentateuchal

Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.

Pentathionic

Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains five atoms of sulphur.

Pentathlon

Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.

Pentatomic

Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a. [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having five atoms in the molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution.

Pentavalent

Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.

Penteconter

Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also pentaconter.]

Pentecost

Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L. pentecoste, Gr. Five, and cf. Pingster.]

1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt.

2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.

Pentecostal

Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.

Pentecostals

Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley.

Pentecoster

Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford.

Pentecosty

Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl. Pentecosties (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A troop of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; -- called also pentecostys. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Pentelic, Pentelican

Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries; obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the Pentelic marble of which the Parthenon is built.

Pentene

Pen"tene (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Amylene.

Penthouse

Pent"house` (?), n. [A corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott. <-- 2. An apartment at the top of a building. It is often the most luxuriously appointed apartment, and is thus used as a metaphor for luxurious living. -->

Penthouse

Pent"house`, a. Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My penthouse eyebrows." Dryden.

Pentice

Pen"tice (?), n. [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.] A penthouse. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pentile

Pen"tile` (?), n. See Pantile.

Pentine

Pen"tine (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene.

Pentoic

Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or desingating, an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane.

Pentone

Pen"tone (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Valylene.

Pentoxide

Pen*tox"ide (?), n. [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.

Pentremite

Pen"tre*mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentremites.

Pentremites

Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. remus an oar.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra.

Pentroof

Pent"roof` (?), n. [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.] See Lean-to.

Pentrough

Pen"trough` (?), n. A penstock.

Pentyl

Pen"tyl (?), n. [Penta + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical, C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.

Pentylic

Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as, pentylic alcohol

Penuchle, Pinocle

Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle (?), n. A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.

Penult

Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.

Penultima

Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus, the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.] Same as Penult.

Penultimate

Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable but one of a word.

Penultimate

Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.

Penumbra

Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.]

1. An incomplete or partial shadow.

2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full light. Sir I. Newton. &hand; The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.

3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.

Penumbrala

Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra; partially illuminated.

Penurious

Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From Penury.]

1. Excessively sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. "A penurious niggard of his wealth." Milton.

2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.

Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream. C. Pitt.

3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious band." Shak. Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy. See Avaricious. --Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Penury

Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L. penuria; cf. Gr. p\'82nurie.]

1. Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty; destitution. "A penury of military forces." Bacon.

They were exposed to hardship and penury. Sprat.
It arises in neither from penury of thought. Landor.

2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Penwiper

Pen"wip`er (?), n. A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from a pen.

Penwoman

Pen"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Penwomen (. A female writer; an authoress. Johnson.

Peon

Pe"on (?), n. See Poon.

Peon

Pe"on, n. [Sp. peon, or Pg. pe, one who travels on foot, a foot soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.]

1. A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a messenger. [India]

2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified servitude, to work out a debt.

3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn.

Peonage

Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition of a peon.

Peonism

Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as Peonage. D. Webster.

Peony

Pe"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Peonies (#). [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF. pione, F. pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. P\'91an.] (Bot.) A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus P\'91onia. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation. [Written also p\'91ony, and piony.]
Page 1063

People

Peo"ple (?), n. [OE. peple, people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L. populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.]

1. The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation.

Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen. xlix. 10.
The ants are a people not strong. Prov. xxx. 25.
Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. Rev. x. 11.
Earth's monarchs are her peoples. Whitter
.
A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the people. T. Parker.
&hand; Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form (peoples), in the sense of nations or races.

2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks; population, or part of population; as, country people; -- sometimes used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in German; as, people in adversity.

People were tempted to lend by great premiums. Swift
.
People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water. Arbuthnot
.

3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and people.

And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison
.

4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my people were English. (b) One's subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers. "You slew great number of his people." Shak. Syn. -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we use people for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and nation for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense of the term, nation describes those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one nation, though politically subject to different forms of government.

People

Peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling (.] [Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F. puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate. "Peopled heaven with angels." Dryden.
As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. Milton
.

Peopled

Peo"pled (?), a. Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The peopled air." Gray.

Peopleless

Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of people. Poe.

Peopler

Peo"pler (?), n. A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful glen." J. S. Blackie.

Peoplish

Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Peorias

Pe*o"ri*as (?), n. pl.; sing. Peoria (. (Ethnol.) An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois.

Pepastic

Pe*pas"tic (?), a. & n. [Gr. p\'82pastique.] (Med.) Same as Maturative.

Peperine, Peperino

Pep"e*rine (?), Pep`e*ri"no (?), n. [It. peperino, L. piper pepper. So called on account of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic rock, formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.

Peplis

Pep"lis (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants including water purslane.

Peplus

Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.

2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt.

Pepo

Pe"po (?), n. [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. (Bot.) Any fleshy fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See Gourd.

Pepper

Pep"per (?), n. [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. pippala, pippali.]

1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum. &hand; Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative stimulant.

2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.

3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the bell pepper. &hand; The term pepper has been extended to various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below. African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea. -- Cayenne pepper. See under Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species of prickly ash found in China and Japan. -- Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. -- Jamaica pepper. See Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, ∨ Macropiper, methysticum. See Kava. -- Malaguetta, ∨ Meleguetta, pepper, the aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of grains of Paradise. -- Red pepper. See Capsicum. -- Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; -- called also white alder. -- Pepper box ∨ caster, a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia. -- Pepper moth (Zo\'94l.), a European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings covered with small black specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. -- Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped in vinegar. -- Pepper tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.

Pepper

Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.]

1. To sprinkle or season with pepper.

2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have peppered two of them." "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world." Shak.

Pepper

Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots (at).

Pepperbrand

Pep"per*brand` (?), n. (Bot.) See 1st Bunt.

Peppercorn

Pep"per*corn` (?), n.

1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper nigrum).

2. Anything insignificant; a particle.

Pepper dulse

Pep"per dulse` (?). (Bot.) A variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia pinnatifida) distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley.

Pepperer

Pep"per*er (?), n. A grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold pepper. [Obs.]

Peppergrass

Pep"per*grass` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium sativum; -- called also pepperwort. All the species have a pungent flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See Pillwort.

Pepperidge

Pep"per*idge (?), n. [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.) A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval polished leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common tupelo. See Tupelo. [Written also piperidge and pipperidge.] Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry.

Peppering

Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift.

Peppermint

Pep"per*mint (?), n. [Pepper + mint.]

1. (Bot.) An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus Mentha (M. piperita), much used in medicine and confectionery.

2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained from it.

3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint. Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as Menthol. -- Peppermint tree (Bot.), a name given to several Australian species of gum tree (Eucalyptus amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.

Pepperwort

Pep"per*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Peppergrass.

Peppery

Pep"per*y (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot; pungent.

2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.

Pepsin

Pep"sin (?), n. [Gr. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals. &hand; As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.

Pepsinhydrochloric

Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Peptohydrochloric.

Pepsinogen

Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin. Also called propepsin.

Peptic

Pep"tic (?), a. [L. pepticus, Gr. Pepsin.]

1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces.

2. Able to digest. [R.]

Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. Carlyle.

3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.

Peptic

Pep"tic, n.

1. An agent that promotes digestion.

2. pl. The digestive organs.

Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ? Tennyson.

Peptics

Pep"tics (?), n. The science of digestion.

Peptogen

Pep"to*gen (?), n. [Peptone + -gen.] (Physiol.) A substance convertible into peptone.

Peptogenic

Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as Peptogenous.

Peptogenous

Pep*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being converted into, peptone.

Peptohydrochloric

Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.] (Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid (called peptohydrochloric acid, pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.

Peptone

Pep"tone (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as antialbumose, hemialbumose, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed albuminose. <-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein --> &hand; Pure peptones are of three kinds, amphopeptone, antipeptone, and hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.

Peptonize

Pep"to*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food.

Peptonoid

Pep"to*noid (?), n. [Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance related to peptone.

Peptonuria

Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peptone, and Urine.] (Med.) The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.<-- not in Stedman's. Superseded by proteinuria? -->

Peptotoxine

Pep`to*tox"ine (?), n. [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.

Pequots

Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing. Pequot (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut. [Written also Pequods.]

Per-

Per- (?). [See Per.]

1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very much.

2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements.

Per

Per (?), prep. [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.] Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words. Per annum, by the year; in each successive year; annually. -- Per cent, Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent.<-- commonly symbolized with the per cent sign, % --> -- Per diem, by the day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]

Peract

Per*act" (?), v. t. [L. peractus, p.p. of peragere.] To go through with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester.

Peracute

Per`a*cute" (?), a. [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.] Very sharp; very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey.

Peradventure

Per`ad*ven"ture (?), adv. & conj. [OE. per aventure, F. par aventure. See Per, and Adventure.] By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. "If peradventure he speak against me." Shak.
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii. 24.

Peradventure

Per`ad*ven"ture, n. Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved beyond peradventure. South.

Per\'91opod

Pe*r\'91"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea.

Peragrate

Per"a*grate (?), v. t. [L. peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.] To travel over or through. [Obs.]

Peragration

Per`agra"tion (?), n. [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.] The act or state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Perambulate

Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perambulating.] [L. perambulatus, p.p. of perambulare to perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by walking over the whole line.

Perambulate

Per*am"bu*late, v. i. To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the park.

Perambulation

Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.

1. The act of perambulating; traversing. Bacon.

2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc.

3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation." [Obs.] Holyday.

Perambulator

Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n.

1. One who perambulates.

2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown by an index. See Odometer.

3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.

Perameles

Per`a*me"les (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. meles a badger.] (Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial of the genus Perameles, which includes numerous species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See Illust. under Bandicoot.

Perbend

Per"bend (?), n. See Perpender.

Perbreak

Per"break` (?), n. [Obs.] See Parbreak.

Perbromate

Per*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid.

Perbromic

Per*bro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4, of bromine.

Perbromide

Per*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.

Perca

Per"ca (?), n. [L., a perch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, including the fresh-water perch.

Percale

Per`cale" (?), n. [F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, and often printed on one side, -- used for women's and children's wear.

Percaline

Per`ca`line" (?), n. [F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually of one color.

Percarbide

Per*car"bide (?), n. [Pref. per- + carbide.] (Chem.)A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]

Percarburet

Per*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Pref. per- + carburet.] (Chem.) A percarbide. [Obsoles.]

Percarbureted

Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.

Percase

Per*case" (?), adv. [OE. per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps; perchance. [Obs.] Bacon.

Perce

Perce (?), v. t. To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Perceivable

Per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perceived; perceptible. -- Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

Perceivance

Per*ceiv"ance (?), n. Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and common perceivance." Milton.

Perceive

Per*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perceiving.] [OF. percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere, perceptum; per (see Per-) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and cf. Perception.]

1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a discord. Reid.

2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to see; to understand.

Jesus perceived their wickedness. Matt. xxii. 18.
You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. Shak.
Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.

3. To be affected of influented by. [R.]

The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter of tempests before the air here below. Bacon.
Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand. -- To Perceive, Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it. We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to discern whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We perceive light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We discern characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc." Crabb.
Page 1064

Perceiver

Per*ceiv"er (?), n. One who perceives (in any of the senses of the verb). Milton.

Percely

Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Percentage

Per*cent"age (?), n. [Per cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and Cent.] (Com.) A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.

Percept

Per"cept (?), n. [From L. percipere, perceptum.] That which is perceived. Sir W. Hamilton.
The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one sensuous, the other intellectual. Max M\'81ller.

Perceptibility

Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perceptibilit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility of light or color.

2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Perceptible

Per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L. perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See Perceive.] Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible; perceivable.
With a perceptible blast of the air. Bacon.
-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.

Perception

Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See Perceive.]

1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.

2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished from conception. Sir W. Hamilton.

Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own existence. Bentley.

3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.]

This experiment discovereth perception in plants. Bacon.

4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. &hand; "The word perception is, in the language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he gave the names of perception and sensation. He ought perhaps to have called these perception proper and sensation proper, when employed in his special meaning." Sir W. Hamilton.

Perceptive

Per*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act or power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties." Motley.

Perceptivity

Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception. Locke.

Percesoces

Per*ces"o*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis, a pike.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.

Perch

Perch (?), n. [Written also pearch.] [OE. perche, F. perche, L. perca, fr. Gr. p spotted, speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied genera of the family Percid\'91, as the common American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, ∨ Americana), and the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the Percid\'91, Serranid\'91, and related families, and resembling, more or less, the true perches. Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The flasher. (c) The sea bass. -- Blue perch, the cunner. -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch, the long-eared pondfish. -- Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch. -- Silver perch, the yellowtail. -- Stone, ∨ Striped, perch, the pope. -- White perch, the Roccus, ∨ Morone, Americanus, a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.

Perch

Perch (?), n. [F. perche, L. pertica.]

1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat.

As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in his hall. Chaucer.
Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions. Tennyson.

2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16

3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; a reach.

Perch

Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] [F. percher. See Perch a pole.] To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.
Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. Shak.

Perch

Perch, v. t.

1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.

2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.

Perchance

Per*chance" (?), adv. [F. par by (L. per) + chance. See Par, and Chance.] By chance; perhaps; peradventure.

Perchant

Perch"ant (?), n. [F.] A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by its fluttering.

Percher

Perch"er (?), n. [From Perch, v. i.]

1. One who, or that which, perches. J. Burroughs.

2. One of the Insessores.

3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey.

Percheron

Per"che*ron (?), n. [F.] One of a breed of draught horses originating in Perche, an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman.

Perchlorate

Per*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.

Perchloric

Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO4), of chlorine; -- called also hyperchloric.

Perchloride

Per*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.

Perchromic

Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.

Perciform

Per"ci*form (?), a. [NL., & L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Perciformes.

Perciformes

Per`ci*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive tribe or suborder of fishes, including the true perches (Percid\'91); the pondfishes (Centrarchid\'91); the sci\'91noids (Sci\'91nid\'91); the sparoids (Sparid\'91); the serranoids (Serranid\'91), and some other related families.

Percipience, Percipiency

Per*cip"i*ence (?), Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception. Mrs. Browning.

Percipient

Per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of percipere. See Perceive.] Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a percipient being. Bentley. -- n. One who, or that which, is percipient. Glanvill.

Perclose

Per*close" (?), n. [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through + claudere, clausum, to shut.]

1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as Parclose.

2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Percoid

Per"coid (?), a. [L. perca a perch + -oid: cf. F. perco\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family Percid\'91. -- n. Any fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family Percid\'91.

Percoidea

Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Perciformes.

Percolate

Per"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Percolating.] [L. percolatus, p.p. of percolare to percolate; per through + colare to strain.] To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.

Percolate

Per"co*late, v. i. To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through porous stone.

Percolation

Per`co*la"tion (?), n. [L. percolatio.] The act or process of percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically (Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through it.

Percolator

Per"co*la`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act as percolators." Henfrey. <-- a device for brewing coffee by percoation -->

Percomorphi

Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.

Perculaced

Per"cu*laced (?), a. [Prob. corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.) Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.

Percurrent

Per*cur"rent (?), a. [L. percurrens, p.pr. of percurrere to run through; per through + currere to run.] Running through the entire length.

Percursory

Per*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. percursor one who runs through, fr. percurrere. See Percurrent.] Running over slightly or in haste; cursory. [R.]

Percuss

Per*cuss" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Percussing.] [L. percussus, p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake, strike. See Quash.] To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as, to percuss the chest in medical examination.
Flame percussed by air giveth a noise. Bacon.

Percuss

Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.) To strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See Percussion, 3. Quain.

Percussion

Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See Percuss.]

1. The act of percussing, or striking one body against another; forcible collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report. Sir I. Newton.

2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression of sound on the ear.

The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds. Shak.

3. (Med.) The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be immediate if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate. Center of percussion. See under Center. -- Percussion bullet, a bullet containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive bullet. -- Percussion cap, a small copper cap or cup, containing fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode gunpowder. -- Percussion fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion lock, the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder. -- Percussion match, a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion; fulminating powder. -- Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine for sorting ores by agitation in running water.

Percussive

Per*cuss"ive (?), a. Striking against; percutient; as, percussive force.

Percutient

Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L. percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See Percuss.] Striking; having the power of striking. -- n. That which strikes, or has power to strike. Bacon.

Perdicine

Per"di*cine (?), a. [See Perdix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family Perdicid\'91, or partridges.

Perdie

Per*die" (?), adv. See Parde. Spenser.

Perdifoil

Per"di*foil (?), n. [L. perdere to lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.) A deciduous plant; -- opposed to evergreen. J. Barton.

Perdition

Per*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.]

1. Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death.

The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak.
If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. J. M. Mason.

2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.

Perditionable

Per*di"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition. [R.] Pollok.

Perdix

Per"dix (?), n. [L., a partridge, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word was used in a much wider sense to include many allied genera.

Perdu

Per*du" (?), n. [See Perdu, a.]

1. One placed on watch, or in ambush.

2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak.

Perdu, Perdue

Per*du", Per*due" (?), a. [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost, p.p. of perdre to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.]

1. Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close.

He should lie perdue who is to walk the round. Fuller.

2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence, reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl.

Perduellion

Per`du*el"lion (?), n. [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.] (Civil Law) Treason.

Perdulous

Per"du*lous (?), a. [See Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

Perdurability

Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer.

Perdurable

Per*dur"a*ble (?), n. [Cf. F. perdurable, OE. pardurable. See Perdure.] Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] Chaucer. Shak. -- Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]

Perdurance, Perduration

Per*dur"ance (?), Per`du*ra"tion (?), n. Long continuance. [Archaic]

Perdure

Per*dure" (?), v. i. [L. perdurare; per trough + durare to last.] To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting. [Archaic]
The mind perdures while its energizing may construct a thousand lines. Hickok.

Perdy

Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See Parde. [Obs.]
Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right. Spenser.

Pere

Pere (?), n. A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Peregal

Per*e"gal (?), a. [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L. aequalis.] Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser.

Peregrinate

Per"e*gri*nate (?), v. i. [L. peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to travel. See Pilgrim.] To travel from place to place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.

Peregrinate

Per"e*gri*nate (?), a. [L. peregrinatus, p.p.] Having traveled; foreign. [Obs.] Shak.

Peregrination

Per`e*gri*na"tion (?), n. [L. peregrinatio: cf. F. p\'82r\'82grination.] A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign countries. "His peregrination abroad." Bacon.

Peregrinator

Per"e*gri*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels about.

Peregrine

Per"e*grine (?), a. [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] "Peregrine and preternatural heat." Bacon. Peregrine falcon (Zo\'94l.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed hawk.

Peregrine

Per"e*grine (?), n. The peregrine falcon.

Peregrinity

Per`e*grin"i*ty (?), n. [L. peregrinitas: cf. F. p\'82r\'82grinit\'82.]

1. Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.] "Somewhat of a peregrinity in their dialect." Johnson.

2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle.

Page 1065

Perel

Per"el (?), n. Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Perempt

Per*empt" (?), v. t. [L. peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See Redeem.] (Law) To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe.

Peremption

Per*emp"tion (?), n. [L. peremptio: cf. F. p\'82remption.] (Law) A quashing; a defeating. [Obs.]

Peremptorily

Per"emp*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a peremptory manner; absolutely; positively. Bacon.

Peremptoriness

Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.

Peremptory

Per"emp*to*ry (?), a. [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive, final: cf. F. p\'82remptorie. See Perempt.]

1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final.

Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get thither. Jer. Taylor.

2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.

Be not too positive and peremptory. Bacon.
Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. Shak.

3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak. Peremptory challenge (Law) See under Challenge. -- Peremptory mandamus, a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory plea, a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar. Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; arbitrary; dogmatical.

Perennial

Per*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. perennis that lasts the whole year through; per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.]

1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains.

2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; never failing.

The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke.

3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or root, or plant. Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; permanent; uninterrupted.

Perennial

Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.

Perennially

Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial manner.

Perennibranchiata

Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perennial, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Those Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the menobranchus.

Perennibranchiate

Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Perennial, and Branchiate.]

1. (Anat.) Having branch\'91, or gills, through life; -- said especially of certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.

Perennity

Per*en"ni*ty (?), n. [L. perennitas.] The quality of being perennial. [R.] Derham.

Pererration

Per`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander through.] A wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell.

Perfect

Per"fect (?), a. [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F. parfait, L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere to carry to the end, to perform, finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See Fact.]

1. Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.

My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Shak.
I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shak.
O most entire perfect sacrifice! Keble.
God made thee perfect, not immutable. Milton.

2. Well informed; certain; sure.

I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. Shak.

3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of flower. Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave. -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. -- Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state completed.<-- = perfective --> Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.

Perfect

Per"fect (?), n. The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.

Perfect

Per"fect (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfected; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfecting.] [L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere. See Perfect, a.] To make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.
God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. 1 John iv. 12.
Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. Locke.
Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine. Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.

Perfecter

Per"fect*er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . . perfecter of our faith." Barrow.

Perfectibilian

Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Perfectibilist

Per`fec*tib"i*list (?), n. A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2. [R.]

Perfectibility

Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being perfectible.

Perfectible

Per*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or being made, perfect.

Perfection

Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F. perfection, L. perfectio.]

1. The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill, or moral excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence; maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection.

2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence. Shak.

What tongue can her perfections tell? Sir P. Sidney.
To perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to imitate a model to perfection.

Perfection

Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect. [Obs.] Foote.

Perfectional

Per*fec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

Perfectionate

Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To perfect. Dryden.

Perfectionism

Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Perfectionists.

Perfectionist

Per*fec"tion*ist, n. One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to moral perfection and sinlessness in this life. South.

Perfectionment

Per*fec"tion*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectionnement.] The act of bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection. [R.] I. Taylor.

Perfective

Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring to perfection; -- usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration." Fuller.
Actions perfective of their natures. Ray.

Perfectively

Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective manner.

Perfectly

Per"fect*ly (?), adv. In a perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly. "Perfectly divine." Milton.
As many as touched were made perfectly whole. Matt. xiv. 36.

Perfectness

Per"fect*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfect; perfection. "Charity, which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14.

Perfervid

Per*fer"vid (?), a. [Pref. per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too fervid; glowing; ardent.

Perficient

Per*fi"cient (?), a. [L. perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform. See Perfect.] Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.] Blackstone.

Perficient

Per*fi"cient, n. One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one who endows a charity. [R.]

Perfidious

Per*fid"i*ous (?), a. [L. perfidious.]

1. Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious friend. Shak.

2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy. "Involved in this perfidious fraud." Milton.

Perfidiously

Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious manner.

Perfidiousness

Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n. The quality of being perfidious; perfidy. Clarendon.

Perfidy

Per"fi*dy (?), n.; pl. Perfidies (#). [L. perfidia, fr. L. perfidus faithless; per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) + fides faith: cf. F. perfidie. See Faith.] The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; teachery.
The ambition and perfidy of tyrants. Macaulay.
His perfidy to this sacred engagement. DeQuincey.

Perfit

Per"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Perfix

Per*fix" (?), v. t. [Pref. per- + fix.] To fix surely; to appoint. [Obs.]

Perflable

Per"fla*ble (?), a. [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.] Capable of being blown through. [Obs.]

Perflate

Per*flate" (?), v. t. [L. perflatus, p.p. of perflare to blow through.] To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey.

Perflation

Per*fla"tion (?), n. [L. perflatio.] The act of perflating. [Obs.] Woodward.

Perfoliate

Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.]

1. (Bot.) Having the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.

Perforata

Per`fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perforate.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to Aporosa. (b) A division of Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.

Perforate

Per"fo*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perforating.] [L. perforatus, p.p. of perforare to perforate; per through + forare to bore. See Bore, v.] To bore through; to pierce through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of. Bacon.

Perforate, Perforated

Per"fo*rate (?), Per"fo*ra`ted (?), a. Pierced with a hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.

Perforation

Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perforation.]

1. The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through. Bacon.

2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture. "Slender perforations." Sir T. Browne.

Perforative

Per"fo*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perforatif.] Having power to perforate or pierce.

Perforator

Per"fo*ra`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. perforateur.] One who, or that which, perforates; esp., a cephalotome.

Perforce

Per*force" (?), adv. [F. par (L. per) + force.] By force; of necessary; at any rate. Shak.

Perforce

Per*force", v. t. To force; to compel. [Obs.]

Perform

Per*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Performed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Performing.] [OE. performen, parfourmen, parfournen, OF. parfornir, parfournir, to finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by form; cf. L. performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.]

1. To carry through; to bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to do.

I will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things for me. Ps. lvii. 2.
Great force to perform what they did attempt. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to perform a promise or a vow.

To perform your father's will. Shak.

3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.

Perform a part thou hast not done before. Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge; fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.

Perform

Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform poorly; the musician performs on the organ.

Performable

Per*form"a*ble (?), a. Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; practicable.

Performance

Per*form"ance (?), n. The act of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a duty.
Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible. Paley.

2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual performances." Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay. Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.

Performer

Per*form"er (?), n. One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill and training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on the harp.

Perfricate

Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L. perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.] To rub over. Bailey.

Perfumatory

Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a. Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E. Leigh.

Perfume

Per*fume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perfuming.] [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies. Pope.

Perfume

Per"fume (?), n. [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.]

1. The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.

No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field. Pope.

2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.

And thou shalt make it a perfume. Ex. xxx. 35.

Perfumer

Per*fum"er (?), n.

1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.

2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.

Perfumery

Per*fum"er*y (?), n.

1. Perfumes, in general.

2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The art of preparing perfumes.

Perfunctorily

Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly. Boyle.

Perfunctoriness

Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfunctory.

Perfunctory

Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched, p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to perform. See Function.]

1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.

2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in his devotions." Sharp.

Perfuncturate

Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently. [R.]

Perfuse

Per*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perfusing.] [L. perfusus, p.p. of perfundere to pour over; per + fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.

Perfusion

Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L. perfusio.] The act of perfusing.

Perfusive

Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.

Pergamenous, Pergamentaceous

Per`ga*me"no*us (?), Per`ga*men*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. pergamena parchment. See Parchment.] Like parchment.

Perhaps

Per*haps" (?), adv. [Per + hap chance.] By chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.
And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee. Acts viii. 22.

Peri-

Per"i- (?). [Gr. A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is needed; perispherical, quite spherical.

Peri

Pe"ri (?), n.; pl. Peris (#). [Per. per\'c6 a female genus, a fairy.] (Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore.
Page 1066

Periagua

Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

Perianth

Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. p\'82rianthe.] (Bot.) (a) The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of Hepatica.

Perianthium

Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.

Periapt

Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. p\'82riapte.] A charm worn as a protection against disease or mischief; an amulet. Coleridge.
Now help, ye charming spells and periapts. Shak.

Periastral

Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral passage." R. A. Proctor.

Periastron

Per`i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.) That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.

Periauger

Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See Pirogue. W. Irving.

Periblast

Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and -blast.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation. -- Per`i*blas"tic, a.

Periblem

Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. (Bot.) Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.

Peribolos

Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. peribolus.] In ancient architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.

Peribranchial

Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the branchi\'91; as, a peribranchial cavity.

Peribranchial

Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes; as, the peribronchial lymphatics.

Pericambium

Per`i*cam"bi*um (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.) A layer of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain new vessels originate.

Pericardiac, Pericardial

Per`i*car"di*ac (?), Per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart. Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the pericardium.

Pericardian

Per`i*car"di*an (?), a. Pericardiac.

Pericardic

Per`i*car"dic (?), a. Pericardiac.

Pericarditus

Per`i*car*di"tus (?), n. [NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison.

Pericardium

Per`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the heart. &hand; The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart, and is called the cardiac pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.

Pericarp

Per"i*carp (?), n. [Gr. p\'82ricarpe.] (Bot.) The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.

Pericarpial, Pericarpic

Per`i*car"pi*al (?), Per`i*car"pic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a pericarp.

Pericellular

Per`i*cel"lu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a cell; as, the pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells.

Perich\'91th

Per"i*ch\'91th (?), n. [See Perich\'91tium.] (Bot.) The leafy involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perich\'91tium; perichete.

Perich\'91tial

Per`i*ch\'91"ti*al (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the perich\'91th.

Perich\'91tium

Per`i*ch\'91"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Perich\'91tia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Same as Perich\'91th.

Perich\'91tous

Per`i*ch\'91"tous (?), a. [See Perich\'91tium.] (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded by set\'91; -- said of certain earthworms (genus Perich\'91tus).

Perichete

Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as Perich\'91th.

Perichondrial

Per`i*chon"dri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perichondrium; situated around cartilage.

Perichondritis

Per`i*chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the perichondrium.

Perichondrium

Per`i*chon"dri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces.

Perichordal

Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column. See Epichordal.

Periclase, Periclasite

Per"i*clase (?), Per`i*cla"site (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.) A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric crystals.

Periclinium

Per`i*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite flowers.

Periclitate

Pe*ric"li*tate (?), v. t. [L. periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari, fr. periculum.] To endanger. [Obs.]
Periclitating, pardi! the whole family. Sterne.

Periclitation

Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L. periclitatio: cf. F. p\'82riclitation.]

1. Trial; experiment. [Obs.]

2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.]

Pericope

Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L., section of a book, Gr. A selection or extract from a book; especially (Theol.), a selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.

Pericranial

Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pericranium.

Pericranium

Per`i*cra"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which covers the cranium externally; the region around the cranium.

Periculous

Pe*ric"u*lous (?), a. [L. periculosus. See Perilous.] Dangerous; full of peril. [Obs.]

Periculum

Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Pericula (#). [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law)

1. Danger; risk.

2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation.

Periderm

Per"i*derm (?), n.

1. (Bot.) The outer layer of bark.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine animals; the perisarc.

Peridiastole

Per`i*di*as"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) The almost inappreciable time which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.

Peridium

Pe*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Peridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and earthstars.

Peridot

Per"i*dot (?), n. [F. p\'82ridot.] (Min.) Chrysolite.

Peridotite

Per"i*do*tite (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82ridotite.] (Min.) An eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to serpentine. &hand; The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or less altered peridotite.

Peridrome

Per"i*drome (?), n. [Gr. p\'82ridrome.] (Arch\'91ol.) The space between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman temple.

Periecians

Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See Peri\'d2cians.

Perienteron

Per`i*en"te*ron (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.) The primitive perivisceral cavity.

Periergy

Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr.

1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.]

2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored style. [R.]

Periganglionic

Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the periganglionic glands of the frog.

Perigastric

Per`i*gas"tric (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.

Perigean

Per`i*ge"an (?), a. Pertaining to the perigee. Perigean tides, those spring tides which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.

Perigee, Perigeum

Per"i*gee (?), Per`i*ge"um (?), n. [NL. perigeum, fr. Gr. p\'82rig\'82e.] (Astron.) That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; -- opposed to apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee, epigeum.

Perigenesis

Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one generation to another.

Perigenetic

Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis.

Perigone

Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr.

1. (Bot.) (a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth. (b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.

Perigonium

Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Perigonia (#). [NL.] Same as Perigone.

Perigord pie

Per"i*gord pie` (?). [From P\'82rigord, a former province of France.] A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.

Perigraph

Per"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything. [R.]

Perigynium

Per`i*gyn"i*um (?), n.; pl. Perigynia (#). [NL. See Perigynous.] (Bot.) Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of the Sedge family, or Cyperace\'91.

Perigynous

Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; -- said of flower such as that of the cherry or peach.

Perihelion, Perihelium

Per`i*hel"ion (?), Per`i*he"li*um (?), n.; pl. Perihelia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.) That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest to the sun; -- opposed to aphelion.

Peril

Per"il (?), n. [F. p\'82ril, fr. L. periculum, periclum, akin to peritus experienced, skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf. Experience.] Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property to injury, loss, or destruction.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers. 2 Cor. xi. 26.
Adventure hard With peril great achieved. Milton.
At, ∨ On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of. "On thy soul's peril." Shak. Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger.

Peril

Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periled (?) or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Periling or Perilling.] To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as, to peril one's life.

Peril

Per"il (?), v. i. To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton.

Perilla

Pe*ril"la (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage.

Perilous

Per"il*ous (?), a. [OF. perillous, perilleus, F. p\'82rilleux, L. periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.]

1. Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a perilous undertaking.

Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds. Milton.

2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer.

For I am perilous with knife in hand. Chaucer.
-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. -- Per"il*ous*ness, n.

Perilymph

Per"i*lymph (?), n. (Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in which the labyrinth lies.

Perilymphangial

Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic vessel.

Perilymphatic

Per`i*lym*phat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, perilymph. (b) Perilymphangial.

Perimeter

Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. p\'82rim\'8atre.]

1. (Geom.) The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all the sides.

2. An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of vision.

Perimetric, Perimetrical

Per`i*met"ric (?), Per`i*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a perimetric chart of the eye.

Perimetry

Per*im"e*try (?), n. The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the field of vision.

Perimorph

Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.) A crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See Endomorph.

Perimysial

Per`i*my"sial (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the perimysium.

Perimysium

Per`i*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers.

Perin\'91um

Per`i*n\'91"um (?), n. See Perineum.

Perineal

Per`i*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum.

Perineoplasty

Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Perineum + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or process of restoring an injured perineum.

Perineorrhaphy

Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy (?), n. [Perineum + Gr. (Med.) The operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum.

Perinephritis

Per`i*ne*phri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney. -- Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a.

Perineum

Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The region which is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the urinogenital canal and the rectum.

Perineurial

Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or pertaining to the perineurium.

Perineurium

Per`i*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and Neurilemma.

Perinuclear

Per`i*nu"cle*ar (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear protoplasm.

Period

Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L. periodus, Gr. p\'82riode.]

1. A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a comet.

2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the period of the Roman republic.

How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period. Bacon.

3. (Geol.) One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.

4. The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a conclusion. Bacon.

So spake the archangel Michael; then paused, As at the world's great period. Milton.
Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a period. Jer. Taylor.
This is the period of my ambition. Shak.

5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious sentence. "Devolved his rounded periods." Tennyson.

Periods are beautiful when they are not too long. B. Johnson.
&hand; The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence consisting of a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the appropriate form for the co\'94rdinate propositions related by antithesis or causality. Gibbs.

6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated word.

7. (Math.) One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.

Page 1067

8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission.

9. (Mus.) A complete musical sentence. The period, the present or current time, as distinguished from all other times. Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end; conclusion; determination.

Period

Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.

Period

Pe"ri*od, v. i. To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may period upon this, that," etc. Felthman.

Periodate

Per*i"o*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.

Periodic

Per`i*od"ic (?), a. [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO

Periodic, Periodical

Pe`ri*od"ic (?), Pe`ri*od"ic*al (?), a. [L. periodicus, Gr. p\'82riodique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods.

The periodicaltimes of all the satellites. Sir J. Herschel.

2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the planets round the sun.

3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics.

The periodic return of a plant's flowering. Henslow.
To influence opinion through the periodical press. Courthope.

4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence. Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to the sun. -- Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic law (Chem.), the generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the entire series." The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements. <-- only the first column of the table is entered here, remainder needs to be entered --> TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS(The vertical columns contain the periodic groups) Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{ 10{ 11{ 12{ -------------------------------------------------------------- |I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. | RH4 RH3 RH3 RH |R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4 -------------------------------------------------------------- H 1 Li 7 Na 23 K 39 (Cu) 63 Rb 85.2 (Ag) (108) Cs 133 (-) (-) (Au) (197) (-) -----------------------------------------------------------------
&hand; A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium. -- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods. -- Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.), the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a satellite about its primary.

Periodical

Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n. A magazine or other publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.

Periodicalist

Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.

Periodically

Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical manner.

Periodicalness

Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n. Periodicity.

Periodicity

Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Periodicities (#). [Cf. F. p\'82riodicit\'82.] The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, the periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants. Henfrey.

Periodide

Per*i"o*dide (?), n. [Pref. per- + iodide.] An iodide containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance or series.

Periodontal

Per`i*o*don"tal (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.) Surrounding the teeth.

Periodoscope

Pe`ri*od"o*scope (?), n. [Period + -scope.] (Med.) A table or other means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison.

Peri\'d2ci, Peri\'d2cians

Per`i*\'d2"ci, Per`i*\'d2"cians, n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr. Those who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other. Compare Ant\'d2ci.

Periople

Per"i*o*ple (?), n. [F. p\'82riople, from Gr. (Anat.) The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.

Perioplic

Per`i*op"lic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople; connected with the periople.

Periosteal

Per`i*os"te*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining to the periosteum.

Periosteum

Per`i*os"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. periosteon.] (Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.

Periostitis

Per`i*os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the periosteum.

Periostracum

Per`i*os"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Periostraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells; -- called also epidermis.

Periotic

Per`i*o"tic (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.) Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; as, the periotic capsule. -- n. A periotic bone.

Peripatecian

Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A peripatetic. [Obs.]

Peripatetic

Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L. peripateticus, Gr. p\'82ripat\'82tique.]

1. Walking about; itinerant.

2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell.

Peripatetic

Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n.

1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. Tatler.

2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.

Peripatetical

Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a. Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.

Peripateticism

Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82ripat\'82tisme.] The doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond. Sat. Rev.

Peripatus

Pe*rip"a*tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa, Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.

Peripetalous

Per`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the petals.

Peripheral

Pe*riph"er*al (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery; peripheric.

2. (Anat.) External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion of the nervous system.

Peripheric, Peripherical

Per`i*pher"ic (?), Per`i*pher"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82riph\'82rique. See Periphery.] See Peripheral.

Periphery

Pe*riph"er*y (?), n.; pl. Peripheries (#). [L. peripheria, Gr. p\'82riph\'82rie.]

1. The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.

2. (Geom.) The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.

Periphrase

Per"i*phrase (?), n. [L. periphrasis, Gr. p\'82riphrase. See Phrase.] (Rhet.) The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution. "To describe by enigmatic periphrases." De Quincey.

Periphrase

Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Periphrasing.] [Cf. F. p\'82riphraser.] To express by periphrase or circumlocution.

Periphrase

Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use circumlocution.

Periphrasis

Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl. Periphrases (#). [L.] See Periphrase.

Periphrastic, Periphrastical

Per`i*phras"tic (?), Per`i*phras"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. p\'82riphrastique.] Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory. Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.

Periphrastically

Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With circumlocution.

Periplast

Per"i*plast (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Biol.) Same as Periblast. -- Per`i*plas"tic (#), a. Huxley.

Peripneumonia, Peripneumony

Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [L. peripneumonia, Gr. p\'82ripneumonie. See Peri-, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pneumonia. (Obsoles.) <-- sic. why is this mark in parentheses rather than brackets? -->

Peripneumonic

Per`ip*neu*mon"ic (?), a. [L. peripneumonicus, Gr. p\'82ripneumonique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.

Periproct

Per"i*proct (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.

Periproctitis

Per`i*proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.

Peripteral

Pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Gr., fr. (Arch.) Having columns on all sides; -- said of an edifice. See Apteral.

Peripterous

Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a.

1. (Arch.) Peripteral.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Feathered all around.

Perisarc

Per"i*sarc (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.

Periscian

Pe*ris"cian (?), a. [Gr. p\'82riscien.] Having the shadow moving all around.

Periscians, Periscii

Pe*ris"cians (?), Pe*ris"ci*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Periscian.] Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the compass.

Periscope

Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -scope.] A general or comprehensive view. [R.]

Periscopic

Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82riscopique.] Viewing all around, or on all sides. Periscopic spectacles (Opt.), spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed obliquely.

Perish

Per"ish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perishing.] [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. p\'82rir, p.pr. p\'82rissant, L. perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through + ire to go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.
I perish with hunger! Luke xv. 17.
Grow up and perish, as the summer fly. Milton.
The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking. Locke.

Perish

Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.

Perishability

Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Perishableness.

Perishable

Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F. p\'82rissable.] Liable to perish; subject to decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable goods; our perishable bodies.

Perishableness

Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being perishable; liability to decay or destruction. Locke.

Perishably

Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable degree or manner.

Perishment

Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. perissement.] The act of perishing. [R.] Udall.

Perisoma

Per`i*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Perisomata (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Perisome.

Perisome

Per"i*some (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or c\'d2lenterate; the integument.

Perisperm

Per"i*sperm (?), n. [F. p\'82risperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.) The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic (#), a.

Perispheric, Perispherical

Per`i*spher"ic (?), Per`i*spher"ic*al (?), a. Exactly spherical; globular.

Perispomenon

Per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Perispomena (#). [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable. Goodwin.

Perispore

Per"i*spore (?), n. (Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.

Perissad

Per"is*sad (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Odd; not even; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with artiad.<-- ? not in modern usage -->

Perisse

Per"isse (?), v. i. To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Perissodactyl

Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Perissodactyla.

Perissodactyla

Per`is*so*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to Artiodactyla.

Perissological

Per`is*so*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82rissologique.] Redundant or excessive in words. [R.]

Perissology

Per`is*sol"o*gy (?), n. [L. perissologia, Gr. Superfluity of words. [R.] G. Campbell.

Peristalsis

Per`i*stal"sis (?), n. [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.) Peristaltic contraction or action.

Peristaltic

Per`i*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ristaltique.] (Physiol.) Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic movement. -- Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly (#), adv.

Peristeria

Per`is*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peristerion.] (Bot.) A genus of orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.

Peristerion

Per`is*te"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. peristereon.] (Bot.) The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).

Peristerite

Pe*ris"ter*ite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.

Peristeromorphous

Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. -morphous.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the pigeons or Columb\'91.

Peristeropodous

Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.

Peristole

Pe*ris"to*le (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. p\'82ristole. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.

Peristoma

Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Peristomata (#). [NL.] Same as Peristome.
Page 1068

Peristome

Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr.

1. (Bot.) The fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either single or double.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell. (b) The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.

Peristomial

Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a peristome.

Peristomium

Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Peristome.

Peristrephic

Per`i*streph"ic (?), a. [Gr. Turning around; rotatory; revolving; as, a peristrephic painting (of a panorama).

Peristyle

Per"i*style (?), n. [L. peristylum, Gr. p\'82ristyle.] (Arch.) A range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in the former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of a Roman dwelling, the peristyle. See Colonnade.

Perisystole

Per`i*sys"to*le (?), n. [Pref. peri- + systole: cf. F. p\'82risystole.] (Physiol.) The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It is perceptible only in the dying.

Perite

Pe*rite" (?), a. [L. peritus.] Skilled. [Obs.]

Perithecium

Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification. Henslow.

Peritomous

Pe*rit"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and Tome.] (Min.) Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the axis.

Periton\'91um

Per`i*to*n\'91"um (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Peritoneum.

Peritoneal

Per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82riton\'82al.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the peritoneum.

Peritoneum

Per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. (Anat.) The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac. [Written also periton\'91um.]

Peritonitis

Per`i*to*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Peritracheal

Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the trache\'91.

Peritreme

Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. (b) The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.

Peritricha

Pe*rit"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See Vorticella.

Peritrochium

Per`i*tro"chi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Mech.) The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the axis in peritrochio, which see under Axis.

Peritropal

Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ritrope.]

1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.]

2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the pericarp to which it is attached.

Peritropous

Per*it"ro*pous (?), a. Peritropal.

Perityphlitis

Per`i*typh*li"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the connective tissue about the c\'91cum.

Periuterine

Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a. (Med.) Surrounding the uterus.

Perivascular

Per`i*vas"cu*lar (?), a. Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular lymphatics.

Perivertebral

Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the vertebr\'91.

Perivisceral

Per`i*vis"cer*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the viscera; as, the perivisceral cavity.

Perivitelline

Per`i*vi*tel"line (?), a. [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.) Situated around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an ovum.

Periwig

Per"i*wig (?), n. [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F. perruque; cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the natural hair; a wig. Shak.

Periwig

Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perwigging (?).] To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift.

Periwinkle

Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine- is fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. Winkle.] (Zo\'94l.) Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The common European species (Littorina littorea), in Europe extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the American coast. See Littorina. &hand; In America the name is often applied to several large univalves, as Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata.

Periwinkle

Per"i*win`kle, n. [OE. pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L. pervinca.] (Bot.) A trailing herb of the genus Vinca. &hand; The common perwinkle (Vinca minor) has opposite evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America it is often miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle.

Perjenet

Per"jen*et (?), n. [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of pear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Perjure

Per"jure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perjured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over + jurare to swear. See Jury.]

1. To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; as, he perjured himself.

Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal. Shak.

2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations. [Obs.]

And with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her. J. Fletcher.
Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate or according to law.

Perjure

Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A perjured person. [Obs.] Shak.

Perjured

Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. Shak. "Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10. "Their perjured oath." Spenser.

Perjurer

Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any sense.

Perjurious, Perjurous

Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous (?), a. [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.] Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B. Johnson.

Perjury

Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Perjuries (#). [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.]

1. False swearing.

2. (Law) At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully false affirmations. &hand; If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.

Perk

Perk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.] [Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.] To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.

Perk

Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk over them." Barrow. To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily. Pope.

Perk

Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock." Spenser.

Perk

Perk, v. i. To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.

Perkin

Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak perry.

Perkinism

Per"kin*ism (?), n. (Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich, Conn. See Metallotherapy.

Perky

Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.
There amid perky larches and pines. Tennyson.

Perlaceous

Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.

Perlid

Per"lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus Perla, or family Perlid\'91. See Stone fly, under Stone.

Perlite

Per"lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pearlite.

Perlitic

Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.

Perlous

Per"lous (?), a. Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.

Perlustration

Per`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to survey. See 3d Luster.] The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.

Permanable

Per"ma*na*ble (?), a. Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.

Permanence, Permanency

Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. permanence.] The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the permanence of nature.

Permanent

Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L. permanens, -entis, p.pr. of permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent impression.
Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden.
Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible ∨ incoercible gases, before their liquefaction in 1877.<-- archaic --> -- Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide. Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting.

Permanently

Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent manner.

Permanganate

Per*man"ga*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid. Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.

Permanganic

Per`man*gan"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of the higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called permanganates.

Permansion

Per*man"sion (?), n. [L. permansio. See Permanent.] Continuance. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Permeability

Per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality or state of being permeable. Magnetic permeability (Physics), the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic force. Sir W. Thomson.

Permeable

Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. permeabilis: cf. F. perm\'82able. See Permeate.] Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is permeable to light. I. Taylor.

Permeably

Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable manner.

Permeant

Per"me*ant (?), a. [L. permeans, p.pr.] Passing through; permeating. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Permeate

Per"me*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Permeating.] [L. permeatus, p.p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare to go, pass.]

1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; -- applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; as, water permeates sand. Woodward.

2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.

God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to permeate and pervade all things. Cudworth.

Permeation

Per`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.
Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and inexistence. Bp. Hall.

Permian

Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the Permian formation exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating to the period, and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. -- n. The Permian period. See Chart of Geology.

Permians

Per"mi*ans (?), n. pl.; sing. Permian (. (Ethnol.) A tribe belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.

Permiscible

Per*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to mix.] Capable of being mixed.

Permiss

Per*miss" (?), n. [See Permit.] A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's opponent. [Obs.] Milton.

Permissibility

Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being permissible; permissibleness; allowableness.

Permissible

Per*mis"si*ble (?), a. That may be permitted; allowable; admissible. -- Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mis"si*bly, adv.

Permission

Per*mis"sion (?), n. [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.] The act of permitting or allowing; formal consent; authorization; leave; license or liberty granted.
High permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.
You have given me your permission for this address. Dryden.
Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license. -- Leave, Permission. Leave implies that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or not. Permission is the absence on the part of another of anything preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies approval.

Permissive

Per*mis"sive (?), a.

1. Permitting; granting leave or liberty. "By his permissive will." Milton.

2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton.

Permissively

Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive manner.

Permistion

Per*mis"tion (?), n. [L. permistio, permixtio, fr. permiscere, permistum, and permixtum. See Permiscible.] The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture. [Written also permixtion.]

Permit

Per*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Permitting.] [L. permittere, permissum, to let through, to allow, permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.]

1. To consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up with.

What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth with approbation either to be done or left undone. Hooker.

2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive.

Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Acis xxvi. 1.

3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.

Let us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event of things. Addison.
Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent to. -- To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive, denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent, either directly or by implication. To permit is more negative, and imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer has a stronger passive or negative sense than to permit, sometimes implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to tolerate are sometimes used without discrimination.

Permit

Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to allow.

Permit

Per"mit (?), n. Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a written license or permission given to a person or persons having authority; as, a permit to land goods subject to duty.

Permittance

Per*mit"tance (?), n. The act of permitting; allowance; permission; leave. Milton.

Permittee

Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to whom a permission or permit is given.

Permitter

Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who permits.
A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin. J. Edwards.

Permix

Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]

Permixtion

Per*mix"tion (?), n. See Permission.

Permutable

Per*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. permutable.] Capable of being permuted; exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mut"a*bly, adv.

Permutation

Per`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See Permute.]

1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference; interchange.

The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in property. Burke.

2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; -- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4. (b) Any one of such possible arrangements.

3. (Law) Barter; exchange. Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of unlocking.

Page 1069

Permute

Per*mute" (?), v. t. [L. permutare, permutatum; per + mutare to change: cf. F. permuter.]

1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.

2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.]

Bought, trucked, permuted, or given. Hakluyt.

Permuter

Per*mut"er (?), n. One who permutes.

Pern

Pern (?), v. t. [See Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make profitable. [Obs.] Sylvester.

Pern

Pern, n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey buzzard.

Pernancy

Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to take, L. prendere, prehendere.] (Law) A taking or reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits. Blackstone.

Pernel

Per"nel (?), n. See Pimpernel. [Obs.]

Pernicion

Per*ni"cion (?), n. [See 2d Pernicious.] Destruction; perdition. [Obs.] hudibras.

Pernicious

Per*ni"cious (?), a. [L. pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to burn). [R.] Milton.

Pernicious

Per*ni"cious, a. [L. perniciosus, from pernicies destruction, from pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay: cf. F. pernicieux. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.
Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. Shak.
Pernicious to his health. Prescott.
Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful; deleterious; hurtful; mischievous. -- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., -- Per*ni"cious*ness, n.

Pernicity

Per*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.] Swiftness; celerity. [R.] Ray.

Pernio

Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A chilblain.

Pernoctalian

Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One who watches or keeps awake all night.

Pernoctation

Per`noc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all night; per + nox, noctis, night.] The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer. Taylor.

Pernor

Per"nor (?), n. [See Pern, v.] (Law) One who receives the profits, as of an estate.

Pernot furnace

Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used in making steel.

Pernyi moth

Per"ny*i moth" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi) which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and America from China.

Perofskite

Per*of"skite (?), n. [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.) A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals. [Written also Perovskite.]

Perogue

Pe*rogue (?), n. See Pirogue.

Peronate

Per"o*nate (?), a. [L. peronatus roughpero, -onis, a kind of rough boot.] (Bot.) A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes powdery. Henslow.

Peroneal

Per`o*ne"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the fibula; in the region of the fibula.

Perorate

Per"o*rate (?), v. i. [See Peroration.] To make a peroration; to harangue. [Colloq.]

Peroration

Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to speak from beginning to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and Oration.] (Rhet.) The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.

Peroxidation

Per*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. Act, process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a peroxide.

Peroxide

Per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.

Peroxidize

Per*ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peroxidizing.] (Chem.) To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.

Perpend

Per*pend" (?), v. t. [L. perpendere, perpensum; per + pendere to weight.] To weight carefully in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words." Shak.

Perpend

Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak.

Perpender

Per*pend"er (?), n. [F. parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain origin.] (Masonry) A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone.

Perpendicle

Per*pen"di*cle (?), n. [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf. F. perpendicule.] Something hanging straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.]

Perpendicular

Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F. perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.]

1. Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.

2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc. Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from the vertical style of its window mullions.

Perpendicular

Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n.

1. A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.

2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.

Perpendicularity

Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perpendicularit\'82.] The quality or state of being perpendicular.

Perpendicularly

Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a perpendicular manner; vertically.

Perpend stone

Per"pend stone` (?). See Perpender.

Perpension

Per*pen"sion (?), n. [See Perpend.] Careful consideration; pondering. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Perpensity

Per*pen"si*ty (?), n. Perpension. [Obs.]

Perpent stone

Per"pent stone` (?). See Perpender.

Perpession

Per*pes"sion (?), n. [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear steadfastly; per + pati to bear.] Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Perpetrable

Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetrated. R. North.

Perpetrate

Per"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perpetrating.] [L. perpetratus, p.p. of perpetrare to effect, perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.] To do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of; as, to perpetrate a foul deed.
What the worst perpetrate, or best endure. Young.

Perpetration

Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perp\'82tration.]

1. The act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly used of doing something wrong, as a crime.

2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.

Perpetrator

Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits an offense or crime.

Perpetuable

Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetuated or continued.
Varieties are perpetuable, like species. Gray.

Perpetual

Per*pet"u*al (?), a. [OE. perpetuel, F. perp\'82tuel, fr. L. perpetualis, fr. perpetuus continuing throughout, continuous, fr. perpes, -etis, lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak.
Perpetual feast of nectared sweets. Milton.
Circle of perpetual apparition, ∨ occultation. See under Circle. -- Perpetual calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for any month or year. -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in which all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed. Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See under Motion. -- Perpetual screw. See Endless screw, under Screw. Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant; constant; eternal. See Constant.

Perpetually

Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.
The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for language. Swift.

Perpetualty

Per*pet"u*al*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being perpetual. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

Perpetuance

Per*pet"u*ance (?), n. Perpetuity. [Obs.]

Perpetuate

Per*pet"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perpetuating.] [L. perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to perpetuate. See Perpetual.] To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize. Addison. Burke.

Perpetuate

Per*pet"u*ate (?), a. [L. perpetuatus, p.p.] Made perpetual; perpetuated. [R.] Southey.

Perpetuation

Per*pet`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perp\'82tuation.] The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time; continuance. Sir T. Browne.

Perpetuity

Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perp\'82tuit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of laws. Bacon.

A path to perpetuity of fame. Byron.
The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity. I. Taylor.

2. Something that is perpetual. South.

3. Endless time. "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in debt." Shak.

4. (Annuities) (a) The number of years in which the simple interest of any sum becomes equal to the principal. (b) The number of years' purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever. (c) A perpetual annuity.

5. (Law) (a) Duration without limitations as to time. (b) The quality or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so modified or perpetuated.

Perplex

Per*plex" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perplexing.] [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.]

1. To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with doubts.

No artful wildness to perplex the scene. Pope.
What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view. Locke.

2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond self-explication." Shak.

We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. iv. 8.
We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to perplex the mind. Locke.

3. To plague; to vex; to tormen. Glanvill. Syn. -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder; confuse; distract. See Embarrass.

Perplex

Per*plex", a. [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per + plectere, plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and Plait.] Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Perplexed

Per*plexed" (?), a. Entangled, involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Per*plex"ed*ness, n.

Perplexing

Per*plex"ing (?), a. Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome. "Perplexing thoughts." Milton.

Perplexity

Per*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Perplexities (#). [L. perplexitas: cf. F. perplexit\'82.] The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.
By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. Milton.

Perplexiveness

Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Perplexly

Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton.

Perpotation

Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and Potation.] The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]

Perquisite

Per"qui*site (?), n. [L. perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p.p. of perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-, and Quest.]

1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.

The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the perquisite of the soldiers. Prescott.
The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of doing good. Addison.

2. pl. (Law) Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent. Mozley & W.

Perquisited

Per"qui*sit*ed, a. Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited varlets frequent stand." Savage.

Perquisition

Per`qui*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perquisition.] A thorough inquiry of search. [R.] Berkeley.

Perradial

Per*ra"di*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated around the radii, or radial tubes, of a radiate.

Perrie

Per"rie (?), n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.] Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye, etc.] Chaucer.

Perrier

Per"ri*er (?), n. [OF. perriere, perrier, F. perrier. Cf. Pederero.] (Mil.) A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot. Hakluyt.

Perroquet

Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet, Parakeet.

Perruque

Per`ruque" (?), n. [F.] See Peruke.

Perruquier

Per*ru"qui*er (?), n. [F.] A marker of perukes or wigs.

Perry

Per"ry (?), n. [OF. per\'82, F. poir\'82, fr. poire a pear, L. pirum. See Pear the fruit.] A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider. Mortimer.

Perry

Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]

Pers

Pers (?), a. [F. pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied to different shades at different periods. -- n. A cloth of sky-blue color. [Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers." Chaucer.

Persalt

Per"salt` (?), n. (Chem.) A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides. [Obsoles.]

Persant

Per"sant (?), a. [F. per\'87ant, p.pr. of percer to pierce.] Piercing. [Obs.] Spenser.

Perscrutation

Per`scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to search through.] A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny. Carlyle

Persecot

Per"se*cot (?), n. See Persicot.

Persecute

Per"se*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Persecuting.] [F. pers\'82cueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to pursue, prosecute; per + sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and Second.]

1. To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of worship.

Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44.

2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; to annoy. Johnson. Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.

Persecution

Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F. pers\'82cution, L. persecutio.]

1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship.

Persecution produces no sincere conviction. Paley.

2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke.

3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]

Persecutor

Per"se*cu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. pers\'82cuteur.] One who persecutes, or harasses. Shak.

Persecutrix

Per"se*cu`trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who persecutes.

Perseid

Per"se*id (?), n. (Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are beleived to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862.

Perseus

Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Dana\'89, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.

2. (Astron.) A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.

Persever

Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To persevere. [Obs.]

Perseverance

Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F. pers\'82v\'82rance, L. perseverantia.]

1. The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun. "The king-becoming graces . . . perseverance, mercy, lowliness." Shak.

Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice could invent. Milton.

2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.

Page 1070

Perseverant

Per`se*ver"ant (?), a. [L. perseverans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F. pers\'82v\'82rant.] Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby. -- Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.]

Persevere

Per`se*vere" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Persevering.] [F. pers\'82v\'82rer, L. perseverare, fr. perseverus very strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.] To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.
Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright. Milton.
Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.

Persevering

Per`se*ver"ing (?), a. Characterized by perseverance; persistent. -- Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv.

Persian

Per"sian (?), a. [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach, Persic.] Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language. Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian cat. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- called also Persians. See Atlantes. -- Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule. -- Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. -- Persian red. See Indian red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See Noria.

Persian

Per"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.

2. The language spoken in Persia.

3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck.

4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a.

Persic

Per"sic (?), a. [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or relating to Persia. -- n. The Persian language.

Persicaria

Per`si*ca"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's thumb.

Persicot

Per"si*cot (?), n. [F. See Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.

Persiflage

Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.] Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.

Persifleur

Per`si`fleur (?), n. [F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; a quiz. Carlyle.

Persimmon

Per*sim"mon (?), n. [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.

Persis

Per"sis (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter obtained from lichens.

Persism

Per"sism (?), n. A Persian idiom.

Persist

Per*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Persisting.] [L. persistere; per + sistere to stand or be fixed, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.] To stand firm; to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to persevere; -- sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of doggedness or obstinacy.
If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison.
Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so. Pope.
That face persists. It floats up; it turns over in my mind. Mrs. Browning.
Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist.

Persistence, Persistency

Per*sist"ence (?), Per*sist"en*cy (?), n. [See Persistent.]

1. The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.

2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise to it is removed; as: (a) (Physics) The persistence of motion. (b) (Physiol.) Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression; auditory persistence, etc.

Persistent

Per*sist"ent (?), a. [L. persistens, -entis, p.pr. of persistere. See Persist.]

1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of position or purpose.

2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.

Persistently

Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent manner.

Persisting

Per*sist"ing, a. Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent. -- Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.

Persistive

Per*sist"ive (?), a. See Persistent. Shak.

Persolve

Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L. persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Person

Per"son (?), n. [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See Per-, and cf. Parson.]

1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic]

His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler. Bacon.
No man can long put on a person and act a part. Jer. Taylor.
To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known thyself aright. Milton.
How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend! South.

2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of comely person.

A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. Chaucer.
If it assume my noble father's person. Shak.
Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. Milton.

3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.

Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. Locke.

4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person present.

5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis. "Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer.

7. (Gram.) One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the subject. &hand; A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the first person; when representing what is spoken to, in the second person; when representing what is spoken of, in the third person.

8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals. Haeckel.

True corms, composed of united person\'91 . . . usually arise by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons. Encyc. Brit.
Artificial, ∨ Fictitious, person (Law), a corporation or body politic. blackstone.<-- = legal person --> -- Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation. -- In person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative. "The king himself in person is set forth." Shak. -- In the person of, in the place of; acting for. Shak.

Person

Per"son (?), v. t. To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate. [Obs.] Milton.

Persona

Per*so"na (?), n.; pl. Person\'91 (#). [L.] (Biol.) Same as Person, n., 8.

Personable

Per"son*a*ble (?), a.

1. Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman.

Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind. Spenser.
The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable. E. Hall.

2. (Law) (a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b) Having capacity to take anything granted.

Personage

Per"son*age (?), n. [F. personnage.]

1. Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person. "In personage stately." Hayward.

The damsel well did view his personage. Spenser.

2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of this fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison.

3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of stature tall. Spenser.

Personal

Per"son*al (?), a. [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.]

1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.

Every man so termed by way of personal difference. Hooker.

2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general; as, personal comfort; personal desire.

The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so personal to Cain. Locke.

3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as, personal charms. Addison.

4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. "Personal communication." Fabyan.

The immediate and personal speaking of God. White.

5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal reflections or remarks.

6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun. Personal action (Law), a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action. -- Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation. -- Personal estate ∨ property (Law), movables; chattels; -- opposed to real estate or property. It usually consists of things temporary and movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature. -- Personal identity (Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of the individual person, which is attested by consciousness. -- Personal pronoun (Gram.), one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, and their plurals. -- Personal representatives (Law), the executors or administrators of a person deceased. -- Personal rights, rights appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a personal security, personal liberty, and private property. -- Personal tithes. See under Tithe. -- Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected to correspond with the three persons.

Personal

Per"son*al, n. (Law) A movable; a chattel.

Personalism

Per"son*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being personal; personality. [R.]

Personality

Per`son*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Personalities (#). [Cf. F. personnalit\'82. Cf. Personality.]

1. That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.

Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature as a ground. Coleridge.

2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities.

Sharp personalities were exchanged. Macaulay.

3. (Law) That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons. Burrill.

Personalize

Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personalizing (?).] To make personal. "They personalize death." H. Spencer.

Personally

Per"son*al*ly, adv.

1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter personally.

He, being cited, personally came not. Grafton.

2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually; particularly.

She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally to the king. Bacon.

3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as, personally I have no feeling in the matter.

Personalty

Per"son*al*ty (?), n.

1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

2. (Law) Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real property.

Personate

Per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personating (?).] [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See Person.] To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]
In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous. Milton.

Personate

Per"son*ate, v. t. [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. persona a mask. See Person.]

1. To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion. Hammond.

2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A personated mate." Milton.

3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.

Personate

Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a character.

Personate

Per"son*ate (?), a. [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.) Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.

Personation

Per`son*a"tion (?), n. The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of another.

Personator

Per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who personates. "The personators of these actions." B. Jonson.

Personeity

Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Coleridge.

Personification

Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. personnification.]

1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.

2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; prosopopas, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his voice." Milton.

Personifier

Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who personifies.

Personify

Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personifying (?).] [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.]

1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being.

The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things. Chesterfield.

2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he personifies the law.

Personize

Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To personify. [R.]
Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.

Personnel

Per`son`nel" (?), n. [F. See Personal.] The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from mat\'82riel.

Perspective

Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per + spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E. perspective, n. See Spy, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of perspective. Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; -- distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on which the objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object, the perspective is called oblique perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel perspective. -- Perspective shell (Zo\'94l.), any shell of the genus Solarium and allied genera. See Solarium.

Perspective

Per*spec"tive, n. [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It. perspettiva. See Perspective, a.]

1. A glass through which objects are viewed. [Obs.] "Not a perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The perspective of life." Goldsmith.

3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable distance. Hence, a\'89rial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty of outline in distant objects.

A\'89rial perspective is the expression of space by any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. Ruskin.

4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also linear perspective.

5. A drawing in linear perspective. Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. -- Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right position.

Page 1071

Perspectively

Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv.

1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.]

You see them perspectively. Shak.

2. According to the rules of perspective.

Perspectograph

Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L. perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look through) + -graph.] An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

Perspectography

Per`spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.

Perspicable

Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.] Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.

Perspicacious

Per`spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.]

1. Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen. -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.

Perspicacity

Per`spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacit\'82. See Perspicacious.] The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.

Perspicacy

Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n. Perspicacity. [Obs.]

Perspicience

Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of perspicere. See Perspective.] The act of looking sharply. [Obs.] Bailey.

Perspicil

Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look through.] An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.

Perspicuity

Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of expression or thought.

3. Sagacity; perspicacity. Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.

Perspicuous

Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look through. See Perspective.]

1. Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque. [Obs.] Peacham.

2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is perspicuous." Shak. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

Perspirability

Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perspirable.

Perspirable

Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perspirable.]

1. Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.

2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.

Perspiration

Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perspiration.]

1. The act or process of perspiring.

2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat. &hand; A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible perspiration.

Perspirative

Per*spir"a*tive (?), a. Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.

Perspiratory

Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the perspiratory ducts.

Perspire

Per*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perspiring.] [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare. See Per-, and Spirit.]

1. (Physiol.) To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid perspires.

Perspire

Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through pores.
Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. Smollett.

Perstreperous

Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.] Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.

Perstringe

Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up, to touch upon.]

1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]

2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.

Persuadable

Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv.

Persuade

Per*suade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Persuading.] [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.]

1. To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives.<-- "gain over" = win over, win to one's side -->

Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28.
We will persuade him, be it possible. Shak.

2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent]

Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. 2 Kings xviii. 32.

3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.

Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb. vi. 9.

4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See Convince.

Persuade

Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion. Shak.

Persuade

Per*suade", n. Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Persuaded

Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced. -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n.

Persuader

Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or that which, persuades or influences. "Powerful persuaders." Milton.

Persuasibility

Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.

Persuasible

Per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible persuasible.]

1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.

2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale. -- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*sua"si*bly, adv.

Persuasion

Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]

1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination.

For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. Otway.

2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced.

If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. Hooker.
My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. Cowper.

3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are agreed.

Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. Jefferson.

4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.

Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion? Shak.

5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.] Syn. -- See Conviction.

Persuasive

Per*sua"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words." Milton.

Persuasive

Per*sua"sive, n. That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an exhortation. -- Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. -- Per*sua"sive*ness, n.

Persuasory

Per*sua"so*ry (?), a. Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.

Persulphate

Per*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any base. [R.]

Persulphide

Per*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a persulphide; -- formerly called persulphuret.

Persulphocyanate

Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid. [R.]

Persulphocyanic

Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic acid), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.

Persulphocyanogen

Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-yellow substance, produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also pseudosulphocyanogen, perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen.

Persulphuret

Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.]

Pert

Pert (?), a. [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true, free, or impudent. See Apert.]

1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very pert manner." Addison.

The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. Cowper.

Pert

Pert, v. i. To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.

Pertain

Per*tain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pertaining.] [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-, and Tenable, and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.]

1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life.

Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth not to them. Hayward.

2. To have relation or reference to something.

These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them at their time. Latimer.

Perterebration

Per*ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to bore through.] The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Perthiocyanogen

Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen.

Perthite

Perth"ite (?), n. [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and orthoclase, usually of different colors. -- Per*thit"ic (#), a.

Pertinacious

Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious. See Per-, and Tenacious.]

1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious beggar.

2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.

Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South.
Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady. -- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.

Pertinacity

Per`ti*nac"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinacit\'82.] The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay. Syn. -- See Obstinacy.

Pertinacy

Per"ti*na*cy (?), n. [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.] The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]

Pertinacy

Per"ti*na*cy, n. [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See Pertinacious.] Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pertinate

Per"ti*nate (?), a. Pertinacious. [Obs.]

Pertinately

Per"ti*nate*ly, adv. Pertinaciously. [Obs.]

Pertinence, Pertinency

Per"ti*nence (?), Per"ti*nen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinence. See Pertinent.] The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy; suitableness.
The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. Bentley.

Pertinent

Per"ti*nent (?), a. [L. pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of pertinere: cf. F. pertinent. See Pertain.]

1. Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or arguments; pertinent evidence.

2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto faith." Hooker. Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit. -- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. -- Per"ti*nent*ness, n.

Pertly

Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert manner.

Pertness

Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of being pert.

Pertransient

Per*tran"sient (?), a. [L. pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.] Passing through or over. [R.]

Perturb

Per*turb" (?), v. t. [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and Turbid.]

1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.

Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer.

2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Perturbability

Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perturbable.

Perturbable

Per*turb"a*ble (?), a. Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or disquieted.

Perturbance

Per*turb"ance (?), n. Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of the mind." Sharp.

Perturbate

Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From L. perturbatus, p.p.] To perturb. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Perturbate

Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed; agitated. [R.]

Perturbation

Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]

1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.

2. (Astron.) A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by their attraction on each other. Newcomb.

Perturbational

Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J. Herschel.

Perturbative

Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir J. Herschel.

Perturbator

Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A perturber. [R.]

Perturbed

Per*turbed" (?), a. Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak. -- Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.

Perturber

Per*turb"er (?), n. One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.

Pertusate

Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the apex.

Pertuse, Pertused

Per*tuse" (?), Per*tused" (?), a. [L. pertusus, p.p. of pertundere to beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F. pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

Pertusion

Per*tu"sion (?), n. [L. pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.

2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.

Pertussis

Per*tus"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.] (Med.) The whooping cough.

Peruke

Per"uke (?), n. [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig; a periwig.

Peruke

Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a peruke. [R.]

Perula

Per"u*la (?), n.; pl. Perul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr. p\'82rule.]

1. (Bot.) One of the scales of a leaf bud.

2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

Perule

Per"ule (?), n. Same as Perula.

Perusal

Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From Peruse.]

1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler.

2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care. Woodward.

Peruse

Pe*ruse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perusing.] [Pref. per- + use.]

1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.]

Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.

2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.

Peruser

Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who peruses.

Peruvian

Pe*ru"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82ruvien, Sp. peruviano.] Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona.

Pervade

Per*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pervading.] [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See Per-, and Wade.]

1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate.

That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout.

A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.

Pervasion

Per*va"sion (?), n. [L. pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.

Pervasive

Per*va"sive (?), a. Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and general." M. Arnold.
Page 1072

Perverse

Per*verse" (?), a. [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p. of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See Pervert.]

1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted.

The only righteous in a word perverse. Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary.

To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.
Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. -- Perverse, Froward. One who is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of others.

Perversed

Per*versed" (?), a. Turned aside. [Obs.]

Perversedly

Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. Perversely. [Obs.]

Perversely

Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse manner.

Perverseness

Per*verse"ness, n. The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath some perverseness." Donne.

Perversion

Per*ver"sion (?), n. [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See Pervert.] The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use. "Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.

Perversity

Per*ver"si*ty (?), n. [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversit\'82.] The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.

Perversive

Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to pervert.

Pervert

Per*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Perverting.] [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per + vertere to turn. See Per-, and Verse.]

1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]

Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.

2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden.

He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.

Pervert

Per*vert", v. i. To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.] Testament of Love.

Pervert

Per"vert (?), n. One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym of Convert.
That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.

Perverter

Per*vert"er (?), n. One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own parents his perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp. Stillingfleet.

Pervertible

Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being perverted.

Pervestigate

Per*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.] To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

Pervestigation

Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. pervestigatio.] Thorough investigation. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

Pervial

Per"vi*al (?), a. [See Pervious.] Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chapman.

Pervicacious

Per`vi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. pervicax, -acis.] Obstinate; willful; refractory. [Obs.] -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n. [Obs.]

Pervicacity

Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n. Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.

Pervicacy

Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. pervicacia.] Pervicacity. [Obs.]

Pervigilation

Per*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.] Careful watching. [Obs.]

Pervious

Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and Voyage.]

1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil.

[Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.

2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental vision. [R.]

God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.

3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Open; -- used synonymously with perforate, as applied to the nostrils or birds.

Perviousness

Per"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pervious; as, the perviousness of glass. Boyle.

Pervis

Per"vis (?), n. See Parvis.

Pery

Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]

Pes

Pes (?), n.; pl. Pedes . [L., the foot.] (Anat.) The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

Pesade

Pe*sade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.

Pesage

Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr. peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.

Pesane

Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc. Armor.) See Pusane.

Pesanted

Pes"ant*ed (?), a. [F. pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull; debased. [Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston.

Peschito

Pe*schit"o (?), n. See Peshito.

Pese

Pese (?), n. [See Pea.] A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Peseta

Pe*se"ta (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

Peshito, Peshitto

Pe*shit"o (?), Pe*shit"to (?), n. [Syriac pesh\'8ct\'83 simple.] The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written also peschito.]

Pesky

Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.

Peso

Pe"so (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.

Pessary

Pes"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Pessaries (#). [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus, Gr. pessaire.] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.

Pessimism

Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F. pessimisme. Cf. Impair.]

1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism.

2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

Pessimist

Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]

1. (Metaph.) One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to optimist.

2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

Pessimist, Pessimistic

Pes"si*mist (?), Pes`si*mis"tic (?), a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit.

Pessimistical

Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a. Pessimistic.

Pessimize

Pes"si*mize (?), v. i. To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism. London Sat. Rev.

Pessulus

Pes"su*lus (?), n.; pl. Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.] (Anat.) A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.

Pest

Pest (?), n. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]

1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.

England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. Cowper.

2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest and public enemy." South.

Pestalozzian

Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?), a. Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary education which combined manual training with other instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi (1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n. An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.

Pestalozzianism

Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?), n. The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.

Pester

Pes"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pestering.] [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. emp\'88trer; pref. em-, en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture, Pastor.]

1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.

We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More.
A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.

2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest. [Obs.] Milton.

All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.

Pesterer

Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who pesters or harasses.

Pesterment

Pes"ter*ment (?), n. The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children." B. Franklin.

Pesterous

Pes"ter*ous (?), a.Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pestful

Pest"ful (?), a. Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms." Coleridge.

Pesthouse

Pest`house" (?), n. A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential disease.

Pestiduct

Pes"ti*duct (?), n. [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to lead.] That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.

Pestiferous

Pes*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre to bear: cf. F. pestif\'8are.]

1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies. "Poor, pestiferous creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and pestiferous occupations." Burke.

2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue.

Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.

Pestiferously

Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos manner.

Pestilence

Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See Pestilent.]

1. Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.

The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.

2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral character of great numbers.

I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak.
Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris), so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr. Prior.

Pestilent

Pes"ti*lent (?), a. [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F. pestilent.] Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.

Pestilential

Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pestilentiel.]

1. Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the pestilential vapors." Longfellow.

2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.

So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.

Pestilentially

Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv. Pestilently.

Pestilentious

Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a. Pestilential. [Obs.]

Pestilently

Pes"ti*lent*ly (?), adv. In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.

Pestilentness

Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of being pestilent.

Pestilation

Pes`ti*la"tion (?), n. [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.] The act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir T. Browne.

Pestle

Pes"tle (?), n. [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L. pistillum, pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.]

1. An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar.

2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called from its shape. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a pestle of pork.

Pestle

Pes"tle (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pestling (?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.

Pet

Pet (?), n. [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael. peata.]

1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child.

The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler.

3. [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled child.] A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet she started up." Tennyson.

Pet

Pet, a. Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet lamb; a pet theory.
Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison.
Pet cock. [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to drain it.<-- also petcock -->

Pet

Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.] To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.

Pet

Pet, v. i. To be a pet. Feltham.

Petal

Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. p\'82tale. See Fathom.]

1. (Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.

Petaled

Pet"aled (?), a. (Bot.) Having petals; as, a petaled flower; -- opposed to apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled, three-petaled, etc.

Petaliferous

Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a. [Petal + -ferous.] Bearing petals.

Petaliform

Pe*tal"i*form (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a petal; petaloid; petal-shaped.

Petaline

Pet"al*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82talin.] (Bot.) Pertaining to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.

Petalism

Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. p\'82talisme.] (Gr. Antiq.) A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.

Petalite

Pet"al*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82talite.] (Min.) A rare mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.

Petalody

Pe*tal"o*dy (?), n. [Petal + Gr. (Bot.) The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.

Petaloid

Pet"al*oid (?), a. [Petal + -oid: cf. F. p\'82talo\'8bde.] (Bot.) Petaline.

Petaloideous

Pet`al*oid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the whole or part of the perianth petaline. Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the Liliace\'91, Orchidace\'91, Amaryllide\'91, etc.

Petalosticha

Pet`a*los"ti*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See Spatangoid.

Petalous

Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous.

Petalum

Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl. Petala (#). [NL.] A petal.

Petar

Pe*tar" (?), n. See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.

Petard

Pe*tard" (?), n. [F. p\'82tard, fr. p\'82ter to break wind, to crack, to explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.) A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.

Petardeer, Petardier

Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier" (?), n. [F. p\'82tardier.] (Mil.) One who managed a petard.

Petasus

Pet"a*sus (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and Romans.

Petaurist

Pe*tau"rist (?), n. [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. p\'82tauriste.] (Zo\'94l.) Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, Phalangista, Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under Flying, and Phalangister.

Petechi\'91

Pe*tech"i*\'91 (?), n. pl.; sing. Petechia (. [NL., fr. LL. peteccia; cf. F. p\'82t\'82chie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. (Med.) Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.

Petechial

Pe*tech"i*al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82t\'82chial, LL. petecchialis.] (Med.) Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechi\'91; spotted. Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the skin.

Peter

Pe"ter (?), n. A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] -- Peter pence, ∨ Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome scot, and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish (Zo\'94l.), a haddock; -- so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.
Page 1073

Peter

Pet"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petering.] [Etymol. uncertain.] To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]

Peterel

Pet"er*el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Petrel.

Peterero

Pet`e*re"ro (?), n. (Mil.) See Pederero.

Peterman

Pe"ter*man (?), n.; pl. Petermen (. A fisherman; -- so called after the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman.

Petersham

Pe"ter*sham (?), n. [Named after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that material.

Peterwort

Pe"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.

Petiolar, Petiolary

Pet"i*o*lar (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82tiolarie.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a petiolar bud.

Petiolate, Petiolated

Pet"i*o*late (?), Pet"i*o*la`ted (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.

Petiole

Pet"i*ole (?), n. [F. p\'82tiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.]

1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A stalk or peduncle.

Petioled

Pet"i*oled (?), a. Petiolate.

Petiolulate

Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.

Petiolule

Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82tiolule.] (Bot.) A small petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.

Petit

Pet"it (?), a. [F. See Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean; -- Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.]
By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover a vanishing notion. South.
Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high constable. -- Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a court; -- so called in distinction from the grand jury. -- Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; -- opposed to grand larceny. The distinction is abolished in England. -- Petit ma\'8ctre (. [F., lit., little master.] A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc. -- Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder.

Petition

Pe*ti"tion (?), n. [F. p\'82tition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.]

1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer.

A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37.
This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden.

2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document. Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.

Petition

Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petitioning.] To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the court; to petition the governor.
You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.

Petition

Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or solicitation.

Petitionarily

Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of begging the question; by an assumption. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Petitionary

Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a.

1. Supplicatory; making a petition.

Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. Shak.

2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a petitionary epistle. Swift.

Petitionee

Pe*ti`tion*ee" (?), n. A person cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.

Petitioner

Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who presents a petition.

Petitioning

Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.

Petitor

Pet"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.

Petitory

Pet"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask: cf. F. p\'82titore.] Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W. Hamilton. Petitory suit ∨ action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill.

Petong

Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.) See Packfong.

Petralogy

Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See Petrology.

Petrary

Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E. Pederero.] An ancient war engine for hurling stones.

Petrean

Pe*tre"an (?), a. [L. petraeus, Gr. Of or pertaining to to rock. G. S. Faber.

Petre

Pe"tre (?), n. See Saltpeter.

Petrel

Pe"trel (?), n. [F. p\'82trel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus, Gr. John i.42); -- probably so called in allusion to St.Peter's walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family Procellarid\'91. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera. Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. -- Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.

Petrescence

Pe*tres"cence (?), n. The process of changing into stone; petrification.

Petrescent

Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L. petra rock, stone, Gr. Petrifying; converting into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.

Petrifaction

Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See Petrify.]

1. The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness.

2. The state or condition of being petrified.

3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.

4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul." Cudworth.

Petrifactive

Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a.

1. Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone; petrifying.

2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.

The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. Sir T. Browne.

Petrific

Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82trifique.] Petrifying; petrifactive.
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. Milton.

Petrificate

Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To petrify. [Obs.]
Our hearts petrificated were. J. Hall (1646).

Petrification

Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82trification. See Petrify.]

1. See Petrifaction.

2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.

Petrify

Pet"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petrifying (?).] [L. petra rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. p\'82trifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]

1. To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.

A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. Kirwan.

2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young. "Petrifying accuracy." Sir W. Scott.

And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope.
The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was doing. De Quincey.
A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition. G. Eliot.

Petrify

Pet"ri*fy, v. i.

1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.

2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.

Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. Dryden.

Petrine

Pe"trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine Epistles.

Petro-

Pet"ro- (?). A combining form from Gr. rock, stone; as, petrology, petroglyphic.

Petrogale

Pe*trog"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).

Petroglyphic

Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

Petroglyphy

Pe*trog"ly*phy (?), n. [Petro + Gr. The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.

Petrographic, Petrographical

Pet`ro*graph"ic (?), Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to petrography.

Petrography

Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n. [Petro + -graphy.]

1. The art of writing on stone.

2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

Petrohyoid

Pet`ro*hy"oid (?), a. [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the petrohyoid muscles of the frog.

Petrol

Pe*trol" (?), n. Petroleum. [R.]

Petrolatum

Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. & Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm. &hand; Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product. Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.

Petroleum

Pe*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F. p\'82trole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170\'f8 Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.

P\'82troleur, n. m. P\'82troleuse

P\'82`tro`leur" (?), n. m. P\'82`tro`leuse" (?), n. f.[F.] One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.

Petroline

Pet"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.

Petrologic, Petrological

Pet`ro*log"ic (?), Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to petrology.

Petrologically

Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to petrology.

Petrologist

Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in petrology.

Petrology

Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Petro + -logy.]

1. The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology.

2. A treatise on petrology.

Petromastoid

Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a. [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.

Petromyzont

Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n. [Petro + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.

Petronel

Pet`ro*nel (?), n. [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast, F. poitrine; so called because it was placed against the breast in order to fire. See Poitrel.] A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in the 15th century.

Petrosal

Pe*tro"sal (?), a. [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone. Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.

Petrosal

Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule. Owen.

Petrosilex

Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n. [Petro + silex.] (Min.) Felsite.

Petrosilicious

Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a. Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

Petrostearine

Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?), n. [Petro + stearine.] A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.

Petrous

Pe"trous (?), a. [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]

1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the temporal bone. Hooper.

2. (Anat.) Same as Petrosal.

Pettichaps

Pet"ti*chaps (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pettychaps.

Petticoat

Pet"ti*coat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Petty + coat.] A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body below the waist. Petticoat government, government by women, whether in politics or domestic affairs. [Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the draft.

Pettifog

Pet"ti*fog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pettifogging (?).] [Petty + fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He takes no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler.

Pettifog

Pet"ti*fog, v. t. To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]

Pettifogger

Pet"ti*fog`ger (?), n. A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.
A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.

Pettifoggery

Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (. The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.
Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. Barrow.

Pettifogging

Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry; quibbling; mean.

Pettifogging

Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery.

Pettifogulize

Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?), v. i. To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks. De Quincey.

Pettily

Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner; frivolously.

Pettiness

Pet"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.

Pettish

Pet"tish (?), a. [From Pet.] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper. "A pettish kind of humor." Sterne. -- Pet"tish*ly, adv. -- Pet"tish*ness, n.

Pettitoes

Pet"ti*toes (?), n. pl. [Petty + toes.] The toes or feet of a pig, -- often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak.

Petto

Pet"to (?), n. [It., fr. L. pectus.] The breast. In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.

Petty

Pet"ty (?), a. [Compar. Pettier (?); superl. Pettiest.] [OE. petit, F. petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.] Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a petty fault; a petty prince. Denham.
Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton.
Petty averages. See under Average. -- Petty cash, money expended or received in small items or amounts. -- Petty officer, a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army. &hand; For petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason, See Petit. Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.
Page 1074

Pettychaps

Pet"ty*chaps (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviin\'91, as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).

Pettywhin

Pet"ty*whin (?), n. [Petty + whin.] (Bot.) The needle furze. See under Needle.

Petulance, Petulancy

Pet"u*lance (?), Pet"u*lan*cy (?), n. [L. petulania: cf. F. p\'82tulance. See Petulant.] The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The petulancy of our words." B. Jonson.
Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon.
The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. Cowper.
Syn. -- Petulance, Peevishness. -- Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious irritation.

Petulant

Pet"u*lant (?), a. [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. p\'82tulant. See Petition.]

1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] Burton.

2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness; irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay. Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

Petulantly

Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant manner.

Petulcity

Pe*tul"ci*ty (?), n. [See Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Petulcous

Pe*tul"cous (?), a. [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.] Wanton; frisky; lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.

Petunia

Pe*tu"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

Petunse, Petuntse, Petuntze

Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze" (?), n. [From Chinese.] Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.

Petworth marble

Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble.

Petzite

Petz"ite (?), n. [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.

Peucedanin

Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort (Imperatoria), and other related plants; -- called also imperatorin.

Peucil

Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl.]

Pew

Pew (?), n. [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L. podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. Foot, and cf. Podium, Poy.]

1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; -- sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow.

2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.] Pepys. Milton. Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.

Pew

Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.

Pewee

Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from its note.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis ph\'d2be, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and ph\'d2be.

2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] Wood pewee (Zo\'94l.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.

Pewet

Pe"wet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pewit.

Pewfellow

Pew"fel`low (?), n.

1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.

Pewit

Pe"wit (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit, G. kibitz.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing. (c) The pewee. [Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]

Pewter

Pew"ter (?), n. [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D. peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum. Cf. Spelter.]

1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.

2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots. &hand; Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.

Pewterer

Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith. Shak.

Pewtery

Pew"ter*y (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery taste.

Pexity

Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of pectere to comb.] Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

Peyer's glands

Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from J.K.Peyer, who described them in 1677.] (Anat.) Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also Peyer's patches. In typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

Peytrel

Pey"trel (?), n. [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor) The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Peziza

Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.

Pezizoid

Pez"i*zoid (?), a. [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

Pfennig

Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl. Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige (#). [G. See Penny.] A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

Phacellus

Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.

Phacochere

Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The wart hog.

Phacoid

Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

Phacolite

Phac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

Phacops

Pha"cops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

Ph\'91acian

Ph\'91*a"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.

Ph\'91nogam

Ph\'91"no*gam (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class Ph\'91nogamia.

Ph\'91nogamia

Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. (Bot.) The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.

Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic

Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an (?), Ph\'91`no*gam"ic (?), a. Same as Ph\'91nogamous.

Ph\'91nogamous

Ph\'91*nog"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs; flowering.

Ph\'91nomenon

Ph\'91*nom"e*non (?), n. [L.] See Phenomenon.

Ph\'91ospore

Ph\'91"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) A brownish zo\'94spore, characteristic of an order (Ph\'91ospore\'91) of dark green or olive-colored alg\'91. -- Ph\'91`o*spor"ic (#), a.

Pha\'89thon

Pha"\'89*thon (?), n. [L., Pha\'89thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.]

1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Helios (Ph\'d2bus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

Pha\'89ton

Pha"\'89*ton (?), n. [F. pha\'82ton a kind of carriage, fr. Pha\'82thon Pha\'89thon, the son of Helios. See Pha\'89thon.]

1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.

2. See Pha\'89thon.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, ∨ Melit\'91a, Pha\'89ton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; -- called also Baltimore.

Phagedena

Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L. phagedaena, Gr. (Med.) (a) A canine appetite; bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate ulceration.

Phagedenic, PhagedenicAL

Phag`e*den"ic (?), Phag`e*den"ic*AL (?), a. [L. phagedaenicus, Gr. phag\'82d\'82nique.] (Med.) Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or medicine. -- n. A phagedenic medicine.

Phagedenous

Phag`e*de"nous (?), a. (Med.) Phagedenic.

Phagocyte

Phag"o*cyte (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.

Phainopepla

Pha*i`no*pep"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A small crested passerine bird (Pha\'8bnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black flycatcher.

Phakoscope

Phak"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.

Phal\'91na

Pha*l\'91"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A linn\'91an genus which included the moths in general.

Phal\'91nid

Pha*l\'91"nid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the family Phal\'91nid\'91, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.

Phalangeal, Phalangal

Pha*lan"ge*al (?), Pha*lan"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

Phalanger

Pha*lan"ger (?), n. [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera of the family Phalangistid\'91. They are arboreal, and the species of Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger, under Flying.

Phalanges

Pha*lan"ges (?), n., pl. of Phalanx.

Phalangial, Phalangian

Pha*lan"gi*al (?), Pha*lan"gi*an (?), a. (Anat.) Phalangeal.

Phalangid

Pha*lan"gid (?), n.; pl. Phalangides (. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phalangoidea.

Phalangious

Pha*lan"gi*ous (?), a. [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr. Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.

Phalangist

Pha*lan"gist (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail. <-- Spanish history -- member of the Phalange -->

Phalangister, Phalangistine

Phal`an*gis"ter (?), Phal`an*gis"tine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Phalangist.

Phalangite

Phal"an*gite (?), n. [Gr. phalangite.] A soldier belonging to a phalanx. [Obs.]

Phalangoidea

Phal`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs (see Phalangious) + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by trache\'91. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and Opilionea.

Phalanst\'82re

Pha`lan`st\'82re" (?), n. [F.] A phalanstery.

Phalansterian

Phal`an*ste"ri*an (?), a. [F. phalanst\'82rien, a. & n.] Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.

Phalansterian

Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n. One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.

Phalansterism, Phalansterianism

Pha*lan"ster*ism (?), Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism (?), n. A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

Phalanstery

Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (#). [F. phalanst\'8are, fr. Gr.

1. An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.

2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

Phalanx

Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl. Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges (#). [L., from Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.) A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton.

The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. Pope.

2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union.

At present they formed a united phalanx. Macaulay.
The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into phalanx, stood and gazed. Cowper.

3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.

4. (Anat.) One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.

5. [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.) A group or bundle of stamens, as in polyadelphous flowers.

Phalarope

Phal"a*rope (?), n. [Gr. phalarope.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Phalaropus and allied genera of small wading birds (Grall\'91), having lobate toes. They are often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also sea goose.

Phallic

Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.

Phallicism

Phal"li*cism (?), n. See Phallism.

Phallism

Phal"lism (?), n. The worship of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the phallus.

Phallus

Phal"lus (?), n.; pl. Phalli (. [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.

1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.

2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived.

3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.

Page 1075

Phane

Phane (?), n. See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.

Phanerite

Phan"er*ite (?), a. [Gr. Evident; visible. Phanerite series (Geol.), the uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation.

Phanerocarp\'91

Phan`er*o*car"p\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Acraspeda.

Phanerocodonic

Phan`er*o*co*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes.

Phanerocrystalline

Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Gr. crystalline.] (Geol.) Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to cryptocrystalline.

Phanerodactyla

Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Saurur\'91.

Phanerogamia

Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) That one of the two primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.

Phanerogamian

Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Phanerogamous.

Phanerogamic, Phanerogamous

Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?), Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), a. Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; -- said of plants.

Phaneroglossal

Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)Having a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and insects.

Phantascope

Phan"ta*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle; -- called also phantasmascope.

Phantasm

Phan"tasm (?), n. [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt also fantasm.]

1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream.

They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion. Cudworth.

Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.

Phantasma

Phan"tas"ma (?), n. [L.] A phantasm.

Phantasmagoria

Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.]

1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.

2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.

3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

Phantasmagorial

Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al (?), a. Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

Phantasmagoric

Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

Phantasmagory

Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See Phantasmagoria.

Phantasmal

Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral; illusive.

Phantasmascope

Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See Phantascope.

Phantasmatical

Phan`tas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal. Dr. H. More.

Phantasmatography

Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.

Phantastic, Phantastical

Phan*tas"tic (?), Phan*tas"tic*al (?), a. See Fantastic.

Phantasy

Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See Fantasy, and Fancy.

Phantom

Phan"tom (?), n. [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fant\'93me, fr. L. phantasma, Gr. Fancy, and cf. Pha\'89ton, Phantasm, Phase.] That which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.
Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. Pope.
She was a phantom of delight. Wordsworth.
Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying. -- Phantom tumor (Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an an\'91sthetic.

Phantomatic

Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

Pharaoh

Pha"raoh (?), n. [Heb. par\'d3h; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr. Faro.]

1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.

2. See Faro. Pharaoh's chicken (Zo\'94l.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zo\'94l.), the common ichneumon.

Pharaon

Pha"ra*on (?), n. See Pharaoh, 2.

Pharaonic

Phar`a*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.

Phare

Phare (?), n. [See Pharos.]

1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.

Pharisaic, Pharisaical

Phar`i*sa"ic (?), Phar`i*sa"ic*al (?), a. [L. Pharisaicus, Gr. pharisa\'8bque. See Pharisee.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.

2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. " Bacon. "Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay. -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

Pharisaism

Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pharisaisme.]

1. The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect. Sharp.

2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.

Pharisean

Phar`i*se"an (?), a. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton.

Pharisee

Phar"i*see (?), n. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. p\'berash to separate.] One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.

Phariseeism

Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See Pharisaism.

Pharmacuetic, Pharmacuetical

Phar`ma*cue"tic (?), Phar`ma*cue"tic*al (?), a. [L. pharmaceuticus, Gr. pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. -- Phar`ma*cue"tic*al*ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.

Pharmacuetics

Phar`ma*cue"tics (?), n. The science of preparing medicines.

Pharmacuetist

Phar`ma*cue"tist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under Apothecary.

Pharmacist

Phar"ma*cist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.

Pharmacodynamics

Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Gr. dynamics.] That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of medicines. Dunglison.

Pharmacognosis

Phar`ma*cog*no"sis (?), n. [Gr. That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; -- called also pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.

Pharmacognosy

Phar`ma*cog"no*sy (?), n. Pharmacognosis.<-- now also used to designate the study of the distribution of and methods for finding medically useful agents in natural sources, primarily plants. -->

Pharmacography

Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] See Pharmacognosis.

Pharmacolite

Phar*mac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color.

Pharmacologist

Phar`ma*col"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in pharmacology.

Pharmacology

Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]

1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.

2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

Pharmacomathy

Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. See Pharmacognosis.

Pharmacon

Phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A medicine or drug; also, a poison. Dunglison.

Pharmacop\'d2ia

Phar`ma*co*p\'d2"ia (?), n. [NL., from Gr.

1. A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.

2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

Pharmacopolist

Phar`ma*cop"o*list (?), n. [L. pharmacopola, Gr. One who sells medicines; an apothecary.

Pharmacosiderite

Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. siderite.] (Min.) A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.

Pharmacy

Phar"ma*cy (?), n. [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F. pharmacie, Gr.

1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.

2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an apothecary's shop.

Pharo

Pha"ro (?), n.

1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. See Faro.

Pharology

Pha*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or science which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.

Pharos

Pha"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.
He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. Arbuthnot.

Pharyngal

Pha*ryn"gal (?), a. Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

Pharyngeal

Phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [See Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

Pharyngeal

Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.) A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.

Pharyngitis

Phar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the pharynx.

Pharyngobranchial

Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchi\'91; -- applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal. -- n. A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.

Pharyngobranchii

Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Leptocardia.

Pharyngognathi

Phar`yn*gog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.

Pharyngolaryngeal

Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Pharynx + laryngeal.] Of or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.

Pharyngopneusta

Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta. -- Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#), a.

Pharyngotome

Pha*ryn"go*tome (?), n. (Surg.) An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.

Pharyngotomy

Phar`yn*got"o*my (?), n. [Pharynx + Gr. : cf. F. pharyngotomie.] (Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage. (b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

Pharynx

Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.

Phascolome

Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

Phase

Phase (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.]

1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.

2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases.

3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.

4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

Phasel

Pha"sel (?), n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phas\'82ole, fas\'82ole. Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean.

Phaseless

Phase"less (?), a. Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless and increasing gloom." Poe.

Phaseolus

Pha*se"o*lus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean.

Phaseomannite

Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.) Same as Inosite.

Phasis

Pha"sis (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech.

Phasm, Phasma

Phasm (?), Phas"ma (?), n. [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.] An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.

Phasmid

Phas"mid (?), n. [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zo\'94l.) Any orthopterous insect of the family Phasmid\'91, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.

Phassachate

Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color.

Phatagin

Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); -- called also ipi.

Pheasant

Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianid\'91, found chiefly in Asia. <-- # note collocations in notes have italic font in WEB1913 --> &hand; The common, ∨ English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.] &hand; Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, ∨ Golden, pheasant (Zo\'94l.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zo\'94l.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zo\'94l.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called also Pheasant's-eye pink. -- Pheasant shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.

Page 1076

Pheasantry

Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. faisanderie.] A place for keeping and rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

Phebe

Phe"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ph\'d2be.

Pheer

Pheer, n. See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pheese

Pheese (?), v. t. To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, v.

Pheese

Pheese, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

Phelloderm

Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.

Phellogen

Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.

Phelloplastics

Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr. Art of modeling in cork.

Phenacite

Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.

Phenakistoscope

Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

Phenanthrene

Phe*nan"threne (?), n. [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.) A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

Phenanthridine

Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n. [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.

Phenanthroline

Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n. [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.) Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

Phene

Phene (?), n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.]

Phenetol

Phe"ne*tol (?), n. [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.

Phenic

Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

Phenician

Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See Ph\'d2nician.

Phenicine

Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. ph\'82nicine.] (Chem.) (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. Watts.

Phenicious

Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

Phenicopter

Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e., red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf. F. ph\'82nicopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) A flamingo.

Phenix

Phe"nix (?), n.; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written also ph\'d2nix.]

1. (Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.

2. (Astron.) A southern constellation.

3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer. <-- rise like a phoenix, to resume an endeavor after an apparently final defeat -->

Phenogamia

Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. (Bot.) Same as Ph\'91nogamia.

Phenogamian, Phenogamic, Phenogamous

Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?), Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous (?), a. Same as Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic, etc.

Phenol

Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. -ol: cf. F. ph\'82nol.] (Chem.)

1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar. &hand; It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.

2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type. Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid.<-- s.a. is not a fatty acid, but a benzoic acid derivative. IT should say "carboxylic acid" --> -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. -- Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.

Phenolate

Phe"no*late (?), n. [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.) A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.

Phenomenal

Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. ph\'82nom\'82nal.] Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

Phenomenalism

Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.

Phenomenist

Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

Phenomenology

Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. ph\'82nom\'82nologie.] A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

Phenomenon

Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Phenomena (#). [L. phaenomenon, Gr. faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.]

1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.

In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena of mind. Stewart.

2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.

Phenose

Phe"nose` (?), n. [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.) A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.

Phenyl

Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl: cf. F. ph\'82nyle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

Phenylamine

Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n. [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

Phenylene

Phe"nyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

Phenylic

Phe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

Pheon

Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

Phial

Phi"al (?), n. [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.

Phial

Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

Philabeg

Phil"a*beg (?), n. See Filibeg.

Philadelphian

Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s brother.] Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

Philadelphian

Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.

1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

Philalethist

Phil`a*le"thist (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.

Philander

Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. To make love to women; to play the male flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

Philander

Phi*lan"der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve.

Philander

Phi*lan"der, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

Philanderer

Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Philanthrope

Phil"an*thrope (?), n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

Philanthropic, Philanthropical

Phil`an*throp"ic (?), Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. philanthropique.] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

Philanthropinism

Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

Philanthropinist

Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

Philanthropist

Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. philanthrope.] One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others. <-- esp. a wealthy individual who donates large amounts of money to charitable or philanthropic causes -->

Philanthropistic

Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.

Philanthropy

Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.] Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor. <-- (2) active effort to promote human welfare; humanitarian activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state of mind] --> <-- 2. an organization whose purpose is to engage in philanthropy(2), and is supported by funds from one or a small number of wealthy individuals; a type of charity, the source of whose funds is typically from a wealthy individual or a corporation, or a trust fund established by a wealthy individual. It is distinguished from other charitable organizations in that the source of funds of other charities may come from a large number of sources, or from public solicitation. -->

Philatelic

Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philately.

Philatelist

Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

Philately

Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.] The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

Philatory

Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.] (Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

Philauty

Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

Philharmonic

Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.] Loving harmony or music.

Philhellene

Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.

Philhellenic

Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

Philhellenism

Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love of Greece.

Philhellenist

Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo- + Gr. philhell\'8ane.] A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

Philibeg

Phil"i*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. [Scot.]

Philip

Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]

Philippian

Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

Philippic

Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. philippique.]

1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.

Philippium

Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.<-- no such element -->

Philippize

Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philippizing.] [Gr.

1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

Philister

Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.] A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities.<-- in sense 3 -->

Philistine

Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth\'c6, pl. Phlishth\'c6m.]

1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.

Philistine

Phi*lis"tine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

Philistinism

Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.
On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.

Phillipsite

Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite. <-- sic. no (b) in original! -->

Phillygenin

Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n. [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

Phillyrea

Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

Phillyrin

Phil"ly*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

Philo-

Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to; as, philosophy, philotechnic.

Philogynist

Phi*log"y*nist (?), n. [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to misogynist.

Philogyny

Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to misogyny. [R.] Byron.

Philohellenian

Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A philhellenist.

Philologer

Phi*lol"o*ger (?), n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr. A philologist. Burton.

Philologian

Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A philologist. [R.]

Philological, Philologic

Phil`o*log"ic*al (?), Phil`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philologique.] Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Philologist

Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in philology.

Philologize

Phi*lol"o*gize (?), v. i. To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.

Philologue

Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

Philology

Phi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]

1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science. &hand; Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

Page 1077

Philomath

Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr. A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

Philomathematic

Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A philomath.

Philomathic

Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.]

1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

Philomathy

Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The love of learning or letters.

Philomel

Phil"o*mel (?), n. Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.

Philomela

Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr.

1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.

Philomene

Phil"o*mene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.]

Philomot

Phil"o*mot (?), a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.

Philomusical

Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby.

Philopena

Phil`o*pe"na (?), n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.] &hand; One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.

Philopolemic, Philopolemical

Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?), Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]

Philoprogenitive

Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?), a. Having the love of offspring; fond of children.

Philoprogenitiveness

Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.

Philosophaster

Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?), n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Philosophate

Phi*los"o*phate (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari to philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

Philosophation

Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?), n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

Philosophe

Phil"o*sophe (?), n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

Philosopheme

Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr. A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.]
This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.

Philosopher

Phi*los"o*pher (?), n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. Philosophy.]

1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.

Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer. Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

Philosophic, Philosophical

Phil`o*soph"ic (?), Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), a. [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Philosophism

Phi*los"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.

Philosophist

Phi*los"o*phist (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in philosophy.

Philosophistic, Philosophistical

Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?), Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

Philosophize

Phi*los"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing (?).] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.
Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.

Philosophizer

Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One who philosophizes.

Philosophy

Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl. Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. Philosopher.]

1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws. &hand; When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics. &hand; "Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.

[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer.
We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy.

Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.

4. Reasoning; argumentation.

Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. Milton.

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.

6. A treatise on philosophy. Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.

Philostorgy

Phil`o*stor"gy (?), n. [Gr. Natural affection, as of parents for their children. [R.]

Philotechnic, Philotechnical

Phil`o*tech"nic (?), Phil`o*tech"nic*al (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. philotechnique.] Fond of the arts. [R.]

Philter

Phil"ter (?), n. [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr. A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.

Philter

Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philtering.]

1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.

2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.

Phimosis

Phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.

Phitoness

Phi"ton*ess (?), n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

Phiz

Phiz (?), n.; pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

Phlebitis

Phle*bi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a vein.

Phlebogram

Phleb"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.

Phlebolite, Phlebolith

Phleb"o*lite (?), Phleb"o*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Med.) A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.

Phlebology

Phle*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.

Phlebotomist

Phle*bot"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. phl\'82botomiste.] (Med.) One who practiced phlebotomy.

Phlebotomize

Phle*bot"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phlebotomizing (?).] [Cf. F. phl\'82botomiser.] To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

Phlebotomy

Phle*bot"o*my (?), n. [L. phlebotomia, Gr. phl\'82botomie. Cf. Fleam.] (Med.) The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.

Phlegm

Phlegm (?), n. [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. Phlox, Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.]

1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.

2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.

3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor. Crabb.

4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness.

They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.

Phlegmagogue

Phleg"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Old Med.) A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.

Phlegmasia

Phleg*ma"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Phlegm.] (Med.) An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs. Phlegmasia dolens ( [NL.], milk leg.

Phlegmatic

Phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. phlegmatique.]

1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.

2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution. Harvey.

3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations." Sir T. Browne.

4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison. Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under Lymphatic.

Phlegmatical

Phleg*mat"ic*al (?), a. Phlegmatic. Ash.

Phlegmatically

Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phlegmatic manner.

Phlegmaticly

Phleg*mat"ic*ly (?), a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

Phlegmon

Phleg"mon (?), n. [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr. phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.

Phlegmonous

Phleg"mon*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.

Phleme

Phleme (?), n. (Surg. & Far.) See Fleam.

Phleum

Phle"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray.

Phlo\'89m

Phlo"\'89m (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; -- distinguished from xylem.

Phlogistian

Phlo*gis"tian (?), n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

Phlogistic

Phlo*gis"tic (?), a.

1. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.

2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

Phlogistical

Phlo*gis"tic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic.

Phlogisticate

Phlo*gis"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; -- usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly phlogisticated substances.

Phlogistication

Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (?), n. (Old Chem.) The act or process of combining with phlogiston.

Phlogiston

Phlo*gis"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Phlox.] (Old Chem.) The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element. &hand; This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be. <-- this theory is now discredited and superseded by the theory of chemical reaction between oxidizable substances and oxidants as an explanation of combustion -->

Phlogogenous

Phlo*gog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. -genous.] (Med.) Causing inflammation.

Phlogopite

Phlog"o*pite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See Mica.

Phlogosis

Phlo*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.

Phlogotic

Phlo*got"ic (?), n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

Phloramine

Phlo*ram"ine (?), n. [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.) A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.

Phloretic

Phlo*ret"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.

Phloretin

Phlor"e*tin (?), n. [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.

Phlorizin

Phlor"i*zin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.]

Phloroglucin

Phlor`o*glu"cin (?), n. [Phloretin + Gr. (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]

Phlorol

Phlo"rol (?), n. [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.

Phlorone

Phlo"rone (?), n. [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.

Phlox

Phlox (?), n. [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers. Phlox worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under Moss.

Phlyctenular

Phlyc*ten"u*lar (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia.

Phoca

Pho"ca (?), n. [L., a seal, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.

Phocacean

Pho*ca"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Phoca; a seal.

Phocal

Pho"cal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to seals.

Phocenic

Pho*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.

Phocenin

Pho*ce"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. phoc\'82nine.] (Chem.) See Delphin.
Page 1078

Phocine

Pho"cine (?), a. [L. phoca a seal.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.

Phocodont

Pho"co*dont (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phocodontia.

Phocodontia

Pho`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.

Ph\'d2be

Ph\'d2"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewee, or pewit.

Ph\'d2bus

Ph\'d2"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.) Apollo; the sun god.

2. The sun. "Ph\'d2bus 'gins arise." Shak.

Ph\'d2nician

Ph\'d2*ni"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ph\'d2nica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Ph\'d2nica.

Ph\'d2nicious

Ph\'d2*ni"cious (?), a. See Phenicious.

Ph\'d2nicopterus

Ph\'d2`ni*cop"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.

Ph\'d2nix

Ph\'d2"nix (?), n. [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.]

1. Same as Phenix. Shak.

2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the date tree.

Pholad

Pho"lad (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pholas.

Pholadean

Pho*la"de*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Pholad.

Pholas

Pho"las (?), n.; pl. Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pholas, or family Pholadid\'91. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.

Phonal

Pho"nal (?), a.[Gr. Of or relating to the voice; as, phonal structure. Max M\'81ller.

Phonascetics

Pho`nas*cet"ics (?), n. [Gr. Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.

Phonation

Pho*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.

Phonautograph

Pho*nau"to*graph (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics) An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or plate.

Phoneidoscope

Pho*nei"do*scope (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.

Phonetic

Pho*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. phon\'82tique. See Ban a proclamation.]

1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.

2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to ideographic; as, a phonetic notation. Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; -- contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.

Phonetically

Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonetic manner.

Phonetician

Pho`ne*ti"cian (?), n. One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

Phonetics

Pho*net"ics (?), n.

1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.

2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.

Phonetism

Pho"ne*tism (?), n. The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile.

Phonetist

Pho"ne*tist (?), n.

1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.

2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

Phonetization

Pho`ne*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic signs.

Phonetize

Pho"ne*tize (?), v. t. To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

Phonic

Phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. phonique.] Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall.

Phonics

Phon"ics (?), n. See Phonetics.

Phono-

Pho"no- (?). A combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as, phonograph, phonology.

Phono

Phono (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having nearly transparent wings.

Phonocamptic

Pho`no*camp"tic (?), a. [Phono- + Gr. phonocamptique.] Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

Phonogram

Pho"no*gram (?), n. [Phono- + -gram.]

1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.

Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be resolved. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

Phonograph

Pho"no*graph (?), n. [Phono- + -graph.]

1. A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.

2. (Physics) An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

Phonographer

Pho*nog"ra*pher (?), n.

1. One versed or skilled in phonography.

2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See Phonograph, 2.

Phonographic, Phonographical

Pho`no*graph"ic (?), Pho`no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phonographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.

2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

Phonographically

Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.

Phonographist

Pho*nog"ra*phist (?), n. Phonographer.

Phonography

Pho*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phono- + -graphy.]

1. A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.

2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters. &hand; The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: -- <-- illustr. of phonetic transcription of the line below -->

They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.

3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

Phonolite

Pho"no*lite (?), n. [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.) A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha\'81ynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also clinkstone.

Phonologer

Pho*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phonologist.

Phonologic, Phonological

Pho`no*log"ic (?), Pho`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phonology.

Phonologist

Pho*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phonology.

Phonology

Pho*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phono- + -logy.] The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.

Phonometer

Pho*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.

Phonomotor

Pho`no*mo"tor (?), n. [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics) An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.

Phonorganon

Pho*nor"ga*non (?), n. [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.] A speaking machine.

Phonoscope

Pho"no*scope (?), n. [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by K\'94nig for testing the quality of musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.

Phonotypr

Pho"no*typr (?), n. [Phono- + -type.] A type or character used in phonotypy.

Phonotypic, Phonotypical

Pho`no*typ"ic (?), Pho`no*typ"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.

Phonotypist

Pho*not"y*pist (?), n. One versed in phonotypy.

Phonotypy

Pho*not"y*py (?), n. A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.

Phorminx

Phor"minx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A kind of lyre used by the Greeks. Mrs. Browning.

Phormium

Phor"mi*um (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species (Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

Phorone

Phor"one (?), n. [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.

Phoronis

Pho*ro"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva (Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

Phoronomia

Phor`o*no"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Phoronomics.

Phoronomics

Phor`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. The science of motion; kinematics. [R.] Weisbach.

Phosgene

Phos"gene (?), a. [Gr. phosg\'8ane.] (Old Chem.) Producing, or produced by, the action of light; -- formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride. See Carbonyl.<-- still called phosgene. It was used as a poison gas in World War I. -->

Phosgenite

Phos"gen*ite (?), n. (Min.) A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.

Phospham

Phos"pham (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.) An inert amorphous white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] -- Phos"pham"ic (#), a.

Phosphate

Phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid.

Phosphatic

Phos*phat"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with the urine.

Phosphaturia

Phos`pha*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.) The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

Phosphene

Phos"phene (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. After-image.

Phosphide

Phos"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus.

Phosphine

Phos"phine (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen. &hand; It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

Phosphinic

Phos*phin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.

Phosphite

Phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid.

Phosphonic

Phos*phon"ic (?), a. [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.

Phosphonium

Phos*pho"ni*um (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

Phosphor

Phos"phor (?), n. [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]

1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.

2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer. [Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

Phosphorate

Phos"phor*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phosphorating.] (Chem.) To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.

Phosphor-bronze

Phos"phor-bronze` (?), n. [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.) A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.

Phosphoreous

Phos*pho"re*ous (?), a. Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

Phosphoresce

Phos`phor*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phosphorescing (?).] To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.

Phosphorescence

Phos`phor*es"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. phosphorescence.]

1. The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.

2. A phosphoric light.

Phosphorescent

Phos`phor*es"cent (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorescent.] Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. -- n. A phosphorescent substance.

Phosphoric

Phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorique.]

1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.

2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron. Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric acid. -- Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H3PO4, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates. -- Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant juices. -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.

Phosphorical

Phos*phor"ic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phosphoric.

Phosphorite

Phos"phor*ite (?), n. (min.) A massive variety of apatite.

Phosphoritic

Phos`phor*it"ic (?), a. (Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.

Phosphorize

Phos"phor*ize (?), v. t. To phosphorate.

Phosphorized

Phos"phor*ized (?), a. Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

Phosphorogenic

Phos`phor*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.] Generating phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.

Phosphoroscope

Phos*phor"o*scope (?), n. [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics) An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.

Phosphorous

Phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.

Phosphorus

Phos"phor*us (?), n.; pl. Phosphori (#). [L., the morning star, Gr.

1. The morning star; Phosphor.

2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.

3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies. Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms. -- Red, ∨ Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. -- Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

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Phosphoryl

Phos"phor*yl (?), n. [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

Phosphuret

Phos"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

Phosphureted

Phos"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.] Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

Photic

Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.

Photics

Pho"tics (?), n. (Physics) The science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision. Knight.

Photo

Pho"to (?), n.; pl. Photos (. A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

Photo-

Pho"to- (?). A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, photography, phototype, photometer.

Photobiotic

Pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.) Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.

Photochemical

Pho`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

Photochemistry

Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.

Photochromic, Photochromatic

Pho`to*chro"mic (?), Pho`to*chro*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.

Photochromy

Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.

Photodrome

Pho"to*drome (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. (Physics) An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.

Photo-electric

Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.

Photo-electrotype

Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type (?), n. (Print.) An electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.

Photo-engraving

Pho`to-en*grav"ing (?), n. [Photo- + engraving.] The process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.

Photo-epinasty

Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty (?), n. [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.) A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light. Encyc. Brit.

Photogalvanography

Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + galvanography.] The art or process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster.

Photogen

Pho"to*gen (?), n. [Photo- + -gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.]

Photogene

Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See Photogen.]

1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]

2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H. Spencer.

Photogenic

Pho`to*gen"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.

Photogeny

Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.]

Photoglyphic

Pho`to*glyph"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of light. [Written also photoglyptic.] Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster.

Photoglyphy

Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

Photoglyptic

Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as Photoglyphic.

Photogram

Pho"to*gram (?), n. [Photo- + -gram.] A photograph. [R.]

Photograph

Pho"to*graph (?), n. [Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained by photography.

Photograph

Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Photographing (?).] To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group.
He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards photographed on wood. Hamerton.
Also used figuratively.
He is photographed on my mind. Lady D. Hardy.

Photograph

Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs.

Photographer

Pho*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or is skilled in, photography.

Photographic, Photographical

Pho`to*graph"ic (?), Pho`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. photographique.] Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a photographic camera. -- Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Photographic printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.

Photographist

Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A photographer.

Photographometer

Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter (?), n. [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.) An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.

Photography

Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.]

1. The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.

2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light. &hand; The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or other suitable reagents. <-- color photography, the production of colored images by a photographic process. A variety of dyes are used to produced the colored images. Processes may or may not use silver to produce the colored image. -->

Photogravure

Pho`to*grav"ure (?), n. [F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is produced.

Photoheliograph

Pho`to*he"li*o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics) A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.

Photolithograph

Pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + lithograph.] A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.

Photolithograph

Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t. To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.

Photolithographer

Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.

Photolithographic

Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic (?), n. Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by photolithography.

Photolithography

Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. The art or process of producing photolithographs. <-- The process by which the image of a pattern is transferred photographically to a sensitive surface, and the surface subsequently etched; used for printing or in the production of integrated circuits. -->

Photologic, Photological

Pho`to*log"ic (?), Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.

Photologist

Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

Photology

Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.

Photomagnetic

Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

Photomagnetism

Pho`to*mag"net*ism (?), n. The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to light.

Photomechanical

Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.

Photometer

Pho*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photom\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power.

Photometric, Photometrical

Pho`to*met"ric (?), Pho`to*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. photom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

Photometrician

Pho*tom`e*tri"cian (?), n. One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.

Photometry

Pho*tom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. photom\'82trie.] That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.

Photomicrograph

Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (?), n. [Photo- + micro + -graph.]

1. An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See Microphotograph.

2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

Photomicrography

Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n. The art of producing photomicrographs.

Photophobia

Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson.

Photophone

Pho"to*phone (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. (Physics) An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.

Photophonic

Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photophone.

Photophony

Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art or practice of using the photophone.

Photopsia

Pho*top"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.

Photopsy

Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as Photopsia.

Photorelief

Pho`to*re*lief" (?), n. A printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight.

Photoscope

Pho"to*scope (?), n. [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous effects.

Photoscopic

Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

Photosculpture

Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n. [Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.

Photosphere

Pho"to*sphere (?), n. [Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.

Photospheric

Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

Phototonus

Pho*tot"o*nus (?), n. [NL. See Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic (#), a.

Phototropic

Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. (Bot.) Same as Heliotropic.

Phototype

Pho"to*type (?), n. [Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.

Phototypic

Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

Phototypography

Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + typography.] Same as Phototypy.

Phototypy

Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of producing phototypes.

Photoxylography

Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + xylography.] The process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.

Photozincograph

Pho`to*zin"co*graph (?), n. A print made by photozincography. -- Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.

Photozincography

Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + zincography.] A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.

Phragmocone

Phrag"mo*cone (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.]

Phragmosiphon

Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The siphon of a phragmocone.

Phrasal

Phras"al (?), a. Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal adverb. Earlc.

Phrase

Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr.

1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.

"Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase. Shak.

2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.

3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth." Tennyson.

Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. Shak.

4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period. &hand; A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases. Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

Phrase

Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.] [Cf. F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style. "These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak.

Phrase

Phrase, v. i.

1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]

2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase, n., 4.

Phraseless

Phrase"less, a. Indescribable. Shak.

Phraseogram

Phra"se*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] (Phonography) A symbol for a phrase.

Phraseologic, Phraseological

Phra`se*o*log"ic (?), Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

Phraseologist

Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A collector or coiner of phrases.

Phraseology

Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phras\'82ologie.]

1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.

Most completely national in his . . . phraseology. I. Taylor.

2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.] Syn. -- Diction; style. See Diction.

Phrasing

Phras"ing (?), n.

1. Method of expression; association of words.

2. (Mus.) The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.

Phratry

Phra"try (?), n.; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

Phreatic

Phre*at"ic (?), a. [F. phr\'82atique, from Gr. (Geol.) Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells.

Phrenetic, Phrenetical

Phre*net"ic (?), Phre*net"ic*al (?), a. [L. phreneticus, Gr. phr\'82n\'82tique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.] Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic. -- Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phrenetic

Phre*net"ic, n. One who is phrenetic. Harvey.
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Page 1080

Phrenic

Phren"ic (?), a.[Gr. phr\'82nique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.

Phrenics

Phren"ics (?), n. That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy. [R.]

Phrenism

Phre"nism (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital.

Phrenitis

Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.

2. See Frenzy.

Phrenograph

Phre"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.

Phrenologer

Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phrenologist.

Phrenologic

Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phr\'82nologique.] Phrenological.

Phrenological

Phren`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phrenology. -- Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phrenologist

Phre*nol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. phr\'82nologiste.] One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.

Phrenology

Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phr\'82nologie.]

1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.

2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology. <-- considered pseudo-science by all reputable medical personnel, but still believed by --> &hand; Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. Encyc. Brit. <-- Illustr. of a chart of phrenology, showing the areas of the skull as "mapped" by Gall. -->

Phrenomagnetism

Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr. magnetism.] The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.

Phrenosin

Phre"no*sin (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.

Phrensied

Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See Frenzied.

Phrensy

Phren"sy (?), n. Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See Frenzy.

Phrensy

Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic.

Phrentic

Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

Phryganeid

Phry*ga"ne*id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.

Phryganeides

Phryg`a*ne"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; -- called also Trichoptera. See Trichoptera. [Written also Phryganides.]

Phrygian

Phryg"i*an (?), a. [L. Phrygius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants. Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to have been invented by the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Phrygian stone, a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.

Phrygian

Phryg"i*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist.

Phthalate

Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.

Phthalein

Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthale\'8bn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent. Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as an indicator.

Phthalic

Phthal"ic (?), a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances. Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.

Phthalide

Phthal"ide (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type. [Written also phthalid.] <-- phthalic anhydride? would be classed as an acid anhydride, rather than a lactone. Obtained commercially by a different process. -->

Phthalimide

Phthal"i*mide (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.

Phthalin

Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from phthale\'8bn, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.

Phthalyl

Phthal"yl (?), n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.<-- now usu. pthaloyl -->

Phthiriasis

Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.

Phthisic

Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis.

Phthisical

Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. phthisique. See Phthisis.] Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.

Phthisicky

Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in breathing.

Phthisiology

Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on phthisis. Dunglison.

Phthisipneumonia, Phthisipneumony

Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [NL. See Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.

Phthisis

Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption. Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.

Phthongal

Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

Phthongal

Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter.

Phthongometer

Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.

Phthor

Phthor (?), n. [F. phthore, Gr. (Old Chem.) Fluorine. [Written also phthor.]

Phycite

Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.

Phycochrome

Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A bluish green coloring matter of certain alg\'91.

Phycocyanin, Phycocyanine

Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?), Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), n. [Gr. cyanin.] A blue coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.

Phycoerythrin, Phycoerythrine

Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?), Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), n. [Gr. erythrin, -ine.] A red coloring matter found in alg\'91 of the subclass Floride\'91.

Phycography

Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of seaweeds.

Phycology

Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of alg\'91, or seaweeds; algology.

Phycomater

Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mater mother.] (Bot.) A gelatin in which the alg\'91 spores have been supposed to vegetate.

Phycoph\'91ine

Phy`co*ph\'91"ine (?), n. [Gr. A brown coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.

Phycoxanthin, Phycoxanthine

Phy`co*xan"thin (?), Phy`co*xan"thine (?), n. [Gr. A yellowish coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.

Phylacter

Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys.

Phylactered

Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery.

Phylacteric, Phylacterical

Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?), Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phylacteries.

Phylactery

Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF. filatire, filatiere, F. phylact\'8are, L. phylacterium, Gr. Philatory.]

1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.

Phylactocarp

Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the gonothec\'91.

Phylactol\'91ma, Phylactol\'91mata

Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma (?), Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.

Phylactol\'91matous

Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Phylactol\'91ma.

Phylactolema, Phylactolemata

Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Phylactol\'91ma.

Phylarch

Phy"larch (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.) The chief of a phyle, or tribe.

Phylarchy

Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr. The office of a phylarch; government of a class or tribe.

Phyle

Phy"le (?), n.; pl. Phyl\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.

Phyllite

Phyl"lite (?), n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

Phyllo-

Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. a leaf; as, phyllopod, phyllotaxy.

Phyllobranchia

Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Phyllobranci\'91 (#). [NL. See Phyllo-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean gill composed of lamell\'91.

Phyllocladium

Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and assimilation.

Phyllocyanin

Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]

Phyllocyst

Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) The cavity of a hydrophyllium.

Phyllode

Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.

Phyllodineous

Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to phyllodia.

Phyllodium

Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.

Phyllody

Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.

Phylloid

Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + -oid.] Resembling a leaf.

Phyllomania

Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.

Phyllome

Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.

Phyllomorphosis

Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R. Brown.

Phyllophagan

Phyl*loph"a*gan (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a group of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.

Phyllophagous

Phyl*loph"a*gous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Substituting on leaves; leaf-eating.

Phyllophorous

Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

Phyllopod

Phyl"lo*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phyllopoda. [Also used adjectively.]

Phyllopoda

Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also Branchiopoda. &hand; In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (Holostraca); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (Monostraca); in others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.

Phyllopodous

Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.

Phyllorhine

Phyl"lo*rhine (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.

Phyllosoma

Phyl`lo*so"ma (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. Called also glass-crab, and glass-shrimp.
Page 1081

Phyllostome

Phyl"lo*stome (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bat of the genus Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.

Phylloltomid

Phyl*lol"to*mid (?), n. A phyllostome.

Phyllotactic

Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.

Phyllotaxy, Phyllotaxis

Phyl"lo*tax`y (?), Phyl"lo*tax`is (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.

Phyllous

Phyl"lous (?), a. (Bot.) Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.

Phylloxanthin

Phyl`lo*xan"thin (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) A yellow coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.

Phylloxera

Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, especially in Europe. &hand; It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.

2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just described.

Phylogenesis, Phylogeny

Phy`lo*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*log"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. genesis, or root of Gr. The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development generally.

Phylogenetic

Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Phylon

Phy"lon (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) A tribe.

Phylum

Phy"lum (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.

Phyma

Phy"ma (?), n.; pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A tubercle on any external part of the body.

Physa

Phy"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond snail, under Pond.

Physalia

Phy*sa"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the Portuguese man-of-war. &hand; It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species (Physalia arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, and its ability to sail to windward.

Physali\'91

Phy*sa"li*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Siphonophora which includes Physalia.

Physemaria

Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.

Physeter

Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. phys\'82t\'8are.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes the sperm whale.

2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.

Physianthropy

Phys`i*an"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.

Physic

Phys"ic (?), n. [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. be. See Be, and cf. Physics, Physique.]

1. The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine.<-- obsolete -- superseded by medicine --> "A doctor of physik." Chaucer.

2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.

3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.

4. A physician. [R.] Shak. Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree (Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large quantities.

Physic

Phys"ic (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Physiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Physicking (?).]

1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.

2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.

The labor we delight in physics pain. Shak.
A mind diseased no remedy can physic. Byron.

Physical

Phys"ic*al (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as, armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; the body is the physical part of man.

Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects in motion. J. S. Mill.
A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere physical force. Macaulay.

2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as, physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope.

3. Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical, characters of a mineral.

4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal; curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative. [Obs.] "Physical herbs." Sir T. North.

Is Brutus sick? and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up the humors Of the dank morning? Shak.
Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the motions resulting from universal gravitation. -- Physical education, training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigor. -- Physical examination (Med.), an examination of the bodily condition of a person. -- Physical geography. See under Geography. -- Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter; a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point. -- Physical signs (Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state afforded by a physical examination.

Physically

Phys"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.
I am not now treating physically of light or colors. Locke.

2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.]

He that lives physically must live miserably. Cheyne.

Physician

Phy*si"cian (?), n. [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics. See Physic.]

1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.<-- one trained and licensed to treat illness and prescribe medicines. -->

2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a physician of the soul.

Physicianed

Phy*si"cianed (?), a. Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed apothecary." Walpole.

Physicism

Phys"i*cism (?), n. The tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.
Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so call it) develops into science. Huxley.

Physicist

Phys"i*cist (?), n. One versed in physics.

2. (Biol.) A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; -- opposed to vitalist.

Physicking

Phys"ick*ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.

Physico-

Phys"i*co- (?). [Fr. Gr. A combining form, denoting relation to, or dependence upon, natural causes, or the science of physics.

Physicochemical

Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Physico- + chemical.] Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley.

Physicologic

Phys`i*co*log"ic (?), n. [Physico- + logic.] Logic illustrated by physics.

Physicological

Phys`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.

Physicology

Phys`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + -logy.] Physics. [R.] -- Phys`i*col"o*gist (#), n. [R.]

Physico-mathematics

Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics (?), n. [Physico- + mathematics.] Mixed mathematics.

Physico-philosophy

Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy (?), n. [Physico- + philosophy.] The philosophy of nature.

Physico-theology

Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + theology.] Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.

Physics

Phys"ics (?), n. [See Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy. &hand; Chemistry, though a branch of general physics, is commonly treated as a science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it involves constitute a branch called chemical physics, which treats more especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing substances.

Physiocrat

Phys"i*o*crat (?), n. [Gr. One of the followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order. F. A. Walker. -- Phys`i*o*crat"ic (#), a.

Physiogeny

Phys`i*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The germ history of the functions, or the history of the development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny. Haeckel.

Physiognomer

Phys`i*og"no*mer (?), n. Physiognomist.

Physiognomic, Physiognomical

Phys`i*og*nom"ic (?), Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. physiognomonique.] Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles of physiognomy. -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Physiognomist

Phys`i*og*nom"ist (?), n. Same as Physiognomy, 1.

Physiognomist

Phys`i*og"no*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiognomiste.]

1. One skilled in physiognomy. Dryden.

2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.

Physiognomize

Phys`i*og"no*mize (?), v. t. To observe and study the physiognomy of. [R.] Southey.

Physiognommonic

Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic (?), a. Physiognomic.

Physiognomy

Phys`i*og"no*my (?), n.; pl. Physiognomies (#). [OE. fisonomie, phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie, from Gr. Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]

1. The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of the face.

2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.

3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.] Bale.

4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of a meteor.

Physiogony

Phys`i*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. The birth of nature. [R.] Coleridge.

Physiographic, Physiographical

Phys`i*o*graph"ic (?), Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. physiographique.] Of or pertaining to physiography.

Physiography

Phys`i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. physiographie.] The science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.

Physiolatry

Phys`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature worship. "The physiolatry of the Vedas." M. Williams.

Physiologer

Phys`i*ol"o*ger (?), n. A physiologist.

Physiologic

Phys`i*o*log"ic (?), a. [L. physiologicus, Gr. physiologique.] Physiological.

Physiological

Phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the functions of living organism; as, physiological botany or chemistry.

Physiologically

Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physiological manner.

Physiologist

Phys`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.

Physiologize

Phys`i*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. To speculate in physiology; to make physiological investigations. Cudworth.

Physiology

Phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Physiologies (#). [L. physiologia, Gr. physiologie.]

1. The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life. &hand; It is divided into animal and vegetable physiology, dealing with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called human physiology.

2. A treatise on physiology. Mental physiology, the science of the functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.

Physiophyly

Phys`i*oph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital activities, -- being a branch of phylogeny. See Morphophyly. Haeckel.

Physique

Phy*sique" (?), n. [F. See Physic.] The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person.
With his white hair and splendid physique. Mrs. Stowe.

Physnomy

Phys"no*my (?), n. Physiogmony. [Obs.]

Physoclist

Phys"o*clist, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Physoclisti.

Physoclisti

Phys`o*clis"ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.

Physograde

Phys"o*grade (?), n. [Gr. gradi to walk, go.] (Zo\'94l.) Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the Physalia.

Physophor\'91

Phy*soph"o*r\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

Physopod

Phy"so*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Physopoda; a thrips.

Physopoda

Phy*sop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Thysanoptera.

Physostigmine

Phy`so*stig"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of Physostigma venenosum), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called eserine, with which it was regarded as identical.

Physostomi

Phy*sos"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.
Page 1082

Physostomous

Phy*sos"to*mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a duct to the air bladder. (b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.

Phytelephas

Phy*tel"e*phas (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called vegetable ivory.

Phytivorous

Phy*tiv"o*rous (?), a. [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals. Ray.

Phyto-

Phy"to- (?). [See Physic.] A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant; as, phytochemistry, phytography.

Phytochemical

Phy`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt.

Phytochemistry

Phy"to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Phyto- + chemistry.] Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt.

Phytochimy

Phy*toch"i*my (?), n. [F. phytochimie; Gr. chimie chemistry.] Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.]

Phytogenesis, Phytogeny

Phy`to*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Phyto- + genesis, or root of Gr. The doctrine of the generation of plants.

Phytogeographical

Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phytogeography.

Phytogeography

Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + geography.] The geographical distribution of plants.

Phytoglyphic

Phy`to*glyph"ic (?), a. Relating to phytoglyphy.

Phytoglyphy

Phy*tog"ly*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. See Nature printing, under Nature.

Phytographical

Phy`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytographique.] Of or pertaining to phytography.

Phytography

Phy*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.] The science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a description of plants.

Phytoid

Phy"toid (?), a. [Phyto- + -oid.] Resembling a plant; plantlike.

Phytolacca

Phy`to*lac"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. lacca lac.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.

Phytolite

Phy"to*lite (?), n. [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.] An old name for a fossil plant.

Phytolithologist

Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.

Phytolithology

Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + lithology.] The branch of science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called paleobotany, sometimes paleophytology.

Phytological

Phy`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytologique.] Of or pertaining to phytology; botanical.

Phytologist

Phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a botanist. Evelyn.

Phytology

Phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.] The science of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany. Sir T. Browne.

Phytomer, Phytomeron

Phy"to*mer (?), Phy*tom"e*ron (?), n. [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. (Bot.) An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.

Phyton

Phy"ton (?), n.; pl. Phytons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.

Phytonomy

Phy*ton"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. phytonomie.] The science of the origin and growth of plants.

Phytopathologist

Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in diseases of plants.

Phytopathology

Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + pathology.] The science of diseases to which plants are liable.

Phytophaga

Phy*toph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies.

Phytophagic

Phy`to*phag"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Phytophagous.

Phytophagous

Phy*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Phyto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on plants; herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.

Phytophagy

Phy*toph"a*gy (?), n. The eating of plants.

Phytophysiology

Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + physiology.] Vegetable physiology.

Phytotomist

Phy*tot"o*mist (?), n. One versed in phytotomy.

Phytotomy

Phy*tot"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. The dissection of plants; vegetable anatomy.

Phytozoaria

Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Phytozo\'94n.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Infusoria.

Phytozo\'94n

Phy`to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Phytozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zo\'94phytes.

Phyz

Phyz (?), n. See Phiz.

Pi

Pi (?), n. [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.) A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.] <-- math. the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle -->

Pi

Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing (?).] (Print.) To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]

Pia\'87aba

Pi*a\'87"a*ba (?), n. See Piassava.

Piacle

Pi"a*cle (?), n. [L. piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to expiate, pius pious.] A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell.

Piacular

Pi*ac"u*lar (?), a. [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.]

1. Expiatory; atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "Piacular pollution." De Quincey.

Piacularity

Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being piacular; criminality; wickedness. De Quincey.

Piaculous

Pi*ac"u*lous (?), a. Same as Piacular.

Pial

Pi"al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the pia mater.

Pia mater

Pi"a ma"ter (?). [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) + mater mother.] (Anat.) The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately investing the brain and spinal cord.

Pian

Pian (?), n. [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name in South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.

Pianet

Pi"a*net` (?), n. [Cf. Pie magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The magpie. [Written also pianate, and pyenate.] (b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.] Bailey.

Pianette

Pi*a*nette" (?), n. [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.) A small piano; a pianino.

Pianino

Pi`a*ni"no (?), n. [It., dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.) A pianette, or small piano.

Pianissimo

Pi`a*nis"si*mo (?), a.[It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.) Very soft; -- a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)

Pianist

Pi*an"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.] A performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.

Piano

Pi*a"no (?), a. & adv. [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even, level.] (Mus.) Soft; -- a direction to the performer to execute a certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. p.)

Piano, Pianoforte

Pi*an"o (?), Pi*an"o*for`te (?), n. [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus even, smooth; see Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see Fort).] (Mus.) A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the harpsichord, and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated length, thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys. Dumb piano. See Digitorium. -- Grand piano. See under Grand. -- Square piano, one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case. -- Upright piano, one with an upright frame and vertical wires.

Pianograph

Pi*an"o*graph (?), n. [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.) A form of melodiograph applied to a piano.

Piapec

Pi"a*pec (?), n. [Cf. Pie a magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African pie (Ptilostomus Senegalensis).

Piarist

Pi"a*rist (?), n. [L. pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order who are the regular clerks of the Scuole Pie (religious schools), an institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the last years of the 16th century. Addis & Arnold.

Piassava

Pi*as"sa*va (?), n. [Pg. piasaba.] A fibrous product of two Brazilian palm trees (Attalea funifera and Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also pia\'87aba and piasaba.

Piaster

Pi*as"ter (?), n. [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.] A silver coin of Spain and various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster (commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four and a half cents.

Piastre

Pi*as"tre (?), n. See Piaster.

Piation

Pi*a"tion (?), n. [L. piatio. See Piacle.] The act of making atonement; expiation. [Obs.]

Piatti

Pi*at"ti (?), n. pl. [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.) Cymbals. [Written also pyatti.]

Piazza

Pi*az"za (?), n.; pl. Piazzas (#). [It., place, square, market place, L. platea street, courtyard. See Place.] An open square in a European town, especially an Italian town; hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied to a veranda.
We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas. Jer. Taylor.

Pibcorn

Pib"corn` (?), n. [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.) A wind instrument or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in Wales.

Pibroch

Pi"broch (?), n. [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a piper, fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.] A Highland air, suited to the particular passion which the musician would either excite or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle. Jamieson.

Pic

Pic (?), n. [Cf. F. pic.] A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.

Pica

Pi"ca (?), n. [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes the magpies.

2. (Med.) A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.]

4. (Print.) A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller than English. &hand; This line is printed in pica &hand; Pica is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as double pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like. Small pica (Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and smaller than pica. &hand; This line is printed in small pica

Picador

Pic`a*dor" (?), n. [Sp.] A horseman armed with a lance, who in a bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by picking him without attempting to kill him.

Picamar

Pic"a*mar` (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.) An oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar. It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.

Picapare

Pic"a*pare (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The finfoot.

Picard

Pic"ard (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Adamites in the fifteenth century; -- so called from one Picard of Flanders. See Adamite.

Picaresque

Pic`a*resque" (?), a. [F., fr. Sp. picaro rogue.] Applied to that class of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.

Picari\'91

Pi*ca"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and humming birds.

Picarian

Pi*ca"ri*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Picari\'91. -- n. One of the Picari\'91.

Picaroon

Pic`a*roon" (?), n. [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a rogue.] One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple.

Picayune

Pic`a*yune" (?), n. [From the language of the Caribs.] A small coin of the value of six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.] <-- adj. picayunish; small-minded -->

Picayunish

Pic`a*yun"ish (?), a. Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business. [Colloq. U.S.]

Piccadil, Piccadilly

Pic"ca*dil (?), Pic`ca*dil"ly (?), n. [OF. piccagilles the several divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p.p. of picar to prick. See Pike.] A high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.

Piccage

Pic"cage (?), n. [LL. piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng. Law) Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths. Ainsworth.

Piccalilli

Pic"ca*lil`li (?), n. A pickle of various vegetables with pungent species, -- originally made in the East Indies.

Piccolo

Pic"co*lo (?), n. [It., small.]

1. (Mus.) A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.

2. (Mus.) A small upright piano.

3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.

Pice

Pice (?), n. [Hind. pais\'be] A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth less than a cent. Malcom.

Picea

Pic"e*a (?), n. [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and other respects differing from the firs.

Picene

Pi"cene (?), n. [See Piceous.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C

Piceous

Pic"e*ous (?), a. [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.] Of or pertaining to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.

Pichey

Pi"chey (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian armadillo (Dasypus minutus); the little armadillo. [Written also pichiy.]

Pichiciago

Pi`chi*ci*a"go (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, burrowing, South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus), allied to the armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back. [Written also pichyciego.]

Pichurim bean

Pich"u*rim bean` (?). (Bot.) The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (Nectandra Puchury) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of sassafras, -- sometimes used medicinally. Called also sassafras nut.

Pici

Pi"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.

Piciform

Pi"ci*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Piciformes.

Piciformes

Pic`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies, kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.

Picine

Pi"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici), or to the Piciformes.

Pick

Pick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.] [OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka, Dan. pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v., Pike, Pitch to throw.]

1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.]

As high as I could pick my lance. Shak.

2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.

3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.

4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.

5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a fowl, etc.

6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to pick a goose; to pick a pocket.

Did you pick Master Slender's purse? Shak.
He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet. Cowper.

7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull; as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. "One man picked out of ten thousand." Shak.

8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to bring together; as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a ball or stones; to pick up information.

9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer. To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. -- To pick a bone with. See under Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.] Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by picking. (b) To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick off the enemy. -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as, to pick out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b) To select from a number or quantity. -- To pick to pieces, to pull apart piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in detail. -- To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel intentionally. -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b) To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a livelihood; to pick up news.<-- (c) to acquire (an infectious disease); as, to pick up a cold on the airplane. (d) To meet (a person) and induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a date at the mall. [See several other defs in MW10] -->

Page 1083

Pick

Pick (?), v. i.

1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.<-- = to pick at -->

Why stand'st thou picking? Is thy palate sore? Dryden.

2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things; to select something with care.

3. To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing." Book of Com. Prayer. To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or business. [Colloq. U.S.]<-- or, to increase gradually, as the car picked up speed rolling downhill -->

Pick

Pick, n. [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.]

1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; as, a toothpick; a picklock.

2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, -- used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for dressing millstones.<-- used for digging -->

3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler. [Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. & Fl.

4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick.

France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Ld. Lytton.

5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick of the flock.

6. (Print.) A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet. MacKellar.

7. (Painting) That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to correct an unevenness in a picture.

8. (Weawing) The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed of a loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in describing the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an inch. Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions. -- Pick hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.

Pickaback

Pick"a*back` (?), adv. On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback. [Written also pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.]<-- = piggyback -->
A woman stooping to take a child pickaback. R,Jefferies.

Pickaninny

Pick"a*nin`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickaninnies (#). [Cf. Sp. peque\'a4o little, young.] A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant. [U.S. & West Indies]

Pickapack

Pick"a*pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.

Pickax, Pickaxe

Pick"ax`, Pick"axe` (?), n. [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F. picois, fr. pic. See Pick, n.] A pick with a point at one end, a transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed end for piercing as it strikes. Shak.

Pickback

Pick"back` (?), adv. On the back.

Picked

Pick"ed (?), a.

1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman.

Let the stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain fishes.

3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men.

4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak. Picked dogfish. (Zo\'94l.) See under Dogfish. -- Picked out, ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a different, usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green, picked out with red.

Pickedness

Pick"ed*ness (?), n.

1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness.

2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.]

Too much pickedness is not manly. B. Jonson.

Pickeer

Pick*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pickeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pickeering.] [F. picorer to go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle, ultimately fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picor\'82e, Sp. pecorea robbery committed by straggling soldiers.] To make a raid for booty; to maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See Picaroon. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Pickeerer

Pick*eer"er (?), n. One who pickeers. [Obs.]

Picker

Pick"er (?), n. [From Pick.]

1. One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton picker. "Pickers and stealers." Shak.

2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber.

3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the warp.

4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent.

Pickerel

Pick"er*el (?), n. [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.]

1. A young or small pike. [Obs.]

Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye. &hand; The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel. Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.

Pickering

Pick"er*ing (?), n. [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zo\'94l.) The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.

Pickery

Pick"er*y (?), n. [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.] Petty theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.

Picket

Pick"et (?), n. [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See Pike, and cf. Piquet.]

1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses.

2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.

3. [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying picket.

4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant]<-- any individual standing at the entrance to a building (typically a business establishement), usually for the purpose of inhibiting or preventing others from entering that establishment, but sometimes only for demonstration or protest, and usually bearing a sign informing others of the nature of the grievance causing the picketing. -->

5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

6. A game at cards. See Piquet. Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line. (Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. -- Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.

Picket

Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.]

1. To fortify with pointed stakes.

2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.

3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.

4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.

5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. [Obs.]

Picketee

Pick`e*tee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Picotee.

Pick-fault

Pick"-fault` (?), n. One who seeks out faults.

Picking

Pick"ing, n.

1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.

2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.

3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.

4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.

5. pl. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.] Simmonds.

6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore.

7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.

Picking

Pick"ing, a.

1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.

2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]

was too warm on picking work to dwell. Dryden.
Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.

Pickle

Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.] See Picle.

Pickle

Pic"kle, n. [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding to the cleaning of the fish.]

1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.

2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar.<-- esp., a cucumber thus preserved -->

3. (Founding) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.

4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.] To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this pickle?" Shak. -- To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.

Pickle

Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling (?).]

1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle; as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.

2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters.

Pickled

Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a pickle.

Pickle-herring

Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n.

1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.

Pickler

Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes pickles.

Picklock

Pick"lock` (?), n.

1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.

2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer. Taylor.

Pickmire

Pick"mire` (?), n. [So called from its picking its food from the mire.] (Zo\'94l.) The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Picknick

Pick"nick (?), n. See Picnic.

Pickpack

Pick"pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.

Pickpenny

Pick"pen`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickpennies (. A miser; also, a sharper. Dr. H. More.

Pickpocket

Pick"pock`et (?), n. One who steals purses or other articles from pockets. Bentley.

Pickpurse

Pick"purse` (?), n. One who steals purses, or money from purses. Latimer. Shak.

Picksy

Pick"sy (?), n. See Pixy.

Pickthank

Pick"thank` (?), n. One who strives to put another under obligation; an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.
Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers. Shak.

Picktooth

Pick"tooth` (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.

Picke

Pi"cke (?), n. [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.] A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.] [Written also pickle.]

Picnic

Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf. Knickknack.] Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves).

Picnic

Pic"nic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Picnicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picnicking (?).] To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public fashion.

Picnicker

Pic"nick*er (?), n. One who takes part in a picnic.

Picoid

Pi"coid (?), a. [Picus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Pici.

Picoline

Pic"o*line (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of three isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also methyl pyridine.

Picotee, Picotine

Pic`o*tee" (?), Pic`o*tine" (?), n. [F. picot\'82 dotted, picked.] (Bot.) A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously dotted and spotted at the edges.

Picquet

Pic"quet (?), n. See Piquet.

Picra

Pi"cra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The powder of aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.

Picrate

Pi"crate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of picric acid.

Picric

Pi"cric (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a strong organic acid (called picric acid), intensely bitter. &hand; Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it is very unstable when heated. Called also trinitrophenol, and formerly carbazotic acid.

Picrite

Pic"rite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.

Picrolite

Pic"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.] (Min.) A fibrous variety of serpentine.

Picromel

Pic"ro*mel (?), n. [Gr. picromel.] (Old Chem.) A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste. &hand; It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.

Picrotoxin

Pic`ro*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. toxic + -in.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture of several neutral substances.

Picryl

Pi"cryl (?), n. [Picric + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of picric acid, analogous to phenyl.

Pictish

Pict"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The Pictish peer." Byron.

Pictograph

Pic"to*graph (?), n. [See Picture, and -graph.] A picture or hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea. -- Pic`to*graph"ic (#), a.

Pictorial

Pic*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr. pingere to paint. See Paint.] Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a picture; as, a pictorial dictionary; a pictorial imagination. "Pictorial rhetoric." Ruskin. -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Pictoric, Pictorical

Pic*tor"ic (?), Pic*tor"ic*al (?), a. Pictorial. [Obs.]

Picts

Picts (?), n. pl.; sing. Pict (. [L. Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.] (Ethnol.) A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland in early times.

Pictura

Pic*tu"ra (?), n. [L., a painting.] (Zo\'94l.) Pattern of coloration.

Picturable

Pic"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pictured, or represented by a picture.

Pictural

Pic"tur*al (?), a. Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pictural

Pic"tur*al, n. A picture. [Obs.] Spenser.

Picture

Pic"ture (?), n. [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F. peinture. See Paint.]

1. The art of painting; representation by painting. [Obs.]

Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting, drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By extension, a figure; a model.

Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects. Bacon.
The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax. Howell.

3. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the picture of grief.

My eyes make pictures when they are shut. Coleridge.
&hand; Picture is often used adjectively, or in forming self-explaining compounds; as, picture book or picture-book, picture frame or picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller, etc. Picture gallery, a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the exhibition of pictures. -- Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. -- Picture writing. (a) The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means of pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question. Tylor. (b) The record or message so represented; as, the picture writing of the American Indians. Syn. -- Picture, Painting. Every kind of representation by drawing or painting is a picture, whether made with oil colors, water colors, pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a painting is a picture made by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush.

Picture

Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picturing.] To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind. "I . . . do picture it in my mind." Spenser.
I have not seen him so pictured. Shak.

Pictured

Pic"tured (?), a. Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.
Page 1084

Picturer

Pic"tur*er (?), n. One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller.

Picturesque

Pic`tur*esque" (?), a. [It. pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See Pictorial.] Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture; representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque scene or attitude; picturesque language.
What is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible excess. De Quincey. -- Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv. -- Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.

Picturesquish

Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a. Somewhat picturesque. [R.]

Picturize

Pic"tur*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picturizing.] [R.]

1. To picture.

2. To adorn with pictures.

Picul

Pic"ul (?), n. [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back, to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] A commercial weight varying in different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it is 135tan. [Written also pecul, and pecal.]

Piculet

Pic"u*let (?), n. [Dim. of Picus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of very small woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and allied genera. Their tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary woodpeckers.

Picus

Pi"cus (?), n.; pl. Pici (#). [L., a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European species.<-- now picoides? -->

Piddle

Pid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piddling (?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta to pick.]

1. To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters rather than with those that are important. Ascham.

2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift.

3. To urinate; -- child's word.

Piddler

Pid"dler (?), n. One who piddles.

Piddling

Pid"dling (?), a.Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied to persons and things.
The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes. Milton.

Piddock

Pid"dock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pholas; a pholad. See Pholas.

Pie

Pie (?), n. [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael. pige an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.]

1. An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince pie; apple pie; pumpkin pie.

2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pie crust, the paste of a pie. <-- easy as pie = very easy -->

Pie

Pie, n. [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to paint; the bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint, Speight.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica, and of several allied genera. [Written also pye.]

2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book.

3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See Pi. By cock and pie, an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service book." Shak. -- Tree pie (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic bird of the genus Dendrocitta, allied to the magpie. -- Wood pie. (Zo\'94l.) See French pie, under French.

Pie

Pie, v. t. See Pi.

Piebald

Pie"bald` (?), a. [Pie the party-colored bird + bald.]

1. Having spots and patches of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied. "A piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden.

2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras.

Piece

Piece (?), n. [OE. pece, F. pi\'8ace, LL. pecia, petia, petium, probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a little, Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.]

1. A fragment or part of anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; as, a piece of sugar; to break in pieces.

Bring it out piece by piece. Ezek. xxiv. 6.

2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece of broadcloth; a piece of wall paper.

3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a definite performance; especially: (a) A literary or artistic composition; as, a piece of poetry, music, or statuary. (b) A musket, gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a following piece. (c) A coin; as, a sixpenny piece; -- formerly applied specifically to an English gold coin worth 22 shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a piece of news; a piece of knowledge.

4. An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt. "If I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir P. Sidney.

Thy mother was a piece of virtue. Shak.
His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is in all the world. Coleridge.
<-- a piece of cake, a task easily accomplished. a piece of work, a disparaging term for a person considered to have an excess of some undesirable quality; esp. difficult or eccentric person. Piece of ass vulgar term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual intercourse -->

5. (Chess) One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.

6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser. Of a piece, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; -- sometimes followed by with. Dryden. -- Piece of eight, the Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. -- To give a piece of one's mind to, to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another). Tackeray. -- Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell again. -- Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.

Piece

Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing (?).]

1. To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces; to patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with out. Shak.

2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller.

His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in a joint opposition against him. Fuller.

Piece

Piece (?), v. i. To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together; to join. "It pieced better." Bacon.

Pieceless

Piece"less, a. Not made of pieces; whole; entire.

Piecely

Piece"ly, adv. In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.]

Piecemeal

Piece"meal` (?), adv. [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m, dat. pl. of m part. See Meal a portion.]

1. In pieces; in parts or fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake." Chapman.

The beasts will tear thee piecemeal. Tennyson.

2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.

Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that. Pope.

Piecemeal

Piece"meal`, a. Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These piecemeal guilts." Gov. of Tongue.

Piecemeal

Piece"meal`, n. A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan.

Piecemealed

Piece"mealed` (?), a. Divided into pieces.

Piecener

Piece"ner (?), n.

1. One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen mills.

2. Same as Piecer, 2.

Piecer

Pie"cer (?), n.

1. One who pieces; a patcher.

2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.

Piecework

Piece"work` (?), n. Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time employed.
The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre. R. Jefferies.

Pied

Pied (?), imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.

Pied

Pied (?), a. [From Pie the party-colored bird.] Variegated with spots of different colors; party-colored; spotted; piebald. "Pied coats." Burton. "Meadows trim with daisies pied." Milton. Pied antelope (Zo\'94l.), the bontebok. -- Pied-billed grebe (Zo\'94l.), the dabchick. -- Pied blackbird (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic thrush of the genus Turdulus. -- Pied finch (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The snow bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pied flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), a common European flycatcher (Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and white.

Piedmont

Pied"mont (?), a. [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.) Noting the region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.

Piedmontite

Pied"mont*ite (?), n. (Min.) A manganesian kind of epidote, from Piedmont. See Epidote.

Piedness

Pied"ness (?), n. The state of being pied. Shak.

Pi\'82douche

Pi\'82`douche" (?), n. [F., fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.] A pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts, vases, and the like.

Piedstall

Pied"stall (?), n. See Pedestal. [Obs.]

Pieman

Pie"man (?), n.; pl. Piemen (. A man who makes or sells pies.

Piend

Piend (?), n. [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.] See Peen.

Pieno

Pi*e"no (?), a. [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.) Full; having all the instruments.

Pieplant

Pie"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks of which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.

Piepoudre, Piepowder

Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der (?), n. [Lit., dustyfoot, i.e., dusty-footed dealers, fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was the judge. Blackstone.

Pier

Pier (?), n. [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra, Gr. Petrify.]

1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress.

2. A projecting wharf or landing place. Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. -- Pier glass, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. -- Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.

Pierage

Pier"age (?), n. Same as Wharfage. Smart.

Pierce

Pierce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing (?).] [OE. percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh. fr. (assumed) LL. pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L. pertundere, pertusum, to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat: cf. OF. pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch, Pertuse.]

1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument. "I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden.

2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the ship.

3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery. "Pierced with grief." Pope.

Can no prayers pierce thee? Shak.

Pierce

Pierce, v. i. To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and figuratively.
And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. Spenser.
She would not pierce further into his meaning. Sir P. Sidney.

Pierceable

Pierce"a*ble (?), a. That may be pierced.

Pierced

Pierced (?), a. Penetrated; entered; perforated.

Piercel

Pier"cel (?), n. [Cf. F. perce.] A kind of gimlet for making vents in casks; -- called also piercer.

Piercer

Pier"cer (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates; specifically: (a) An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto. (b) A piercel.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect. (b) An insect provided with an ovipositor.

Piercing

Pier"cing (?), a. Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a piercing instrument, or thrust. "Piercing eloquence." Shak. -- Pier"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier"cing*ness, n.

Pierian

Pi*e"ri*an (?), a. [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred to the Muses.] Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope.

Pierid

Pi"er*id (?), n. [See Peirides.] (Zo\'94l.) Any butterfly of the genus Pieris and related genera. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.

Pierides

Pi*er"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. Pierian.] (Class. Myth.) The Muses.

Piet

Pi"et (?), n. [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dipper, or watter ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.] Jay piet (Zo\'94l.), the European jay. [Prov.Eng.] -- Sea piet (Zo\'94l.), the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

Piet\'85

Pi*e*t\'85" (?), n. [It.] (Fine Arts) A representation of the dead Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and angels. Mollett.

Pietism

Pi"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. G. pietismus, F. pi\'82tisme.]

1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.

2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.

The Sch\'94ne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm Meister." W. Pater.

Pietist

Pi"e*tist (?), n. [Cf. G. pietist, F. pi\'82tiste. See Piety.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.

Pietistic, Pietistical

Pi`e*tis"tic (?), Pi`e*tis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious. Addison.

Pietra dura

Pi*e"tra du"ra (?). [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts) Hard and fine stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra dura, though the ground may be soft marble.

Piety

Pi"e*ty (?), n. [F. pi\'82t\'82; cf. It. piet\'85; both fr. L. pietas piety, fr. pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.]

1. Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion to his service.

Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man. Rambler.

2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc.

Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to have shown. Milton.
Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See Religion.

Piewipe

Pie"wipe` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing, or pewit. [Prov. Eng.] <-- piezo- piezo-electric -->

Piezometer

Pi`e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. pi\'82zom\'8atre.]

1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids.

2. (Physics) A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure at that point.

Piffero, Piffara

Pif"fe*ro (?), Pif"fa*ra (?), n. [It. piffero.] (Mus.) A fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.

Pig

Pig (?), n. A piggin. [Written also pigg.]

Pig

Pig, n. [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga, Icel. p\'c6ka.]

1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog. "Two pigges in a poke." Chaucer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.

3. [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.

4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low] Masked pig. (Zo\'94l.) See under Masked. -- Pig bed (Founding), the bed of sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs. -- Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a quadrant or sextant. -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag), a blind bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the value being known. [Colloq.]

Pig

Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging (?).]

1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to farrow.

2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.

Pigeon

Pi"geon (?), n. [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the order Columb\'91, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of the world. &hand; The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger, and Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.

2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang] Blue pigeon (Zo\'94l.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); -- called also black-faced crow. -- Green pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family Treronid\'91. -- Imperial pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. -- Pigeon berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See Pokeweed. -- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of business English], an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc.<-- pidgin English??? --> -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds. -- Pigeon hawk. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b) The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter velox, ∨ fuscus). -- Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b) See Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little arches. Halliwell. -- Pigeon house, a dovecote. -- Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pigeon plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species of Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). -- Pigeon tremex. (Zo\'94l.) See under Tremex. -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis, Diospyros, and Coccoloba. -- Pigeon woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), the flicker. -- Prairie pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]

Page 1085

Pigeon

Pi"geon (?), v. t. To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling. [Slang] Smart.
He's pigeoned and undone. Observer.

Pigeon-breasted

Pi"geon-breast`ed (?), a. Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.

Pigeonfoot

Pi"geon*foot` (?), n. (Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle).

Pigeon-hearted

Pi"geon-heart`ed (?), a. Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted. Beau. & Fl.

Pigeonhole

Pi"geon*hole` (?), n. A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.

Pigeonhole

Pi"geon*hole`, v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a letter or a report.

Pigeon-livered

Pi"geon-liv`ered (?), a. Pigeon-hearted.

Pigeonry

Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote.

Pigeontoed

Pi"geon*toed` (?), a. Having the toes turned in.

Pig-eyed

Pig"-eyed` (?), a. Having small, deep-set eyes.

Pigfish

Pig"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of salt-water grunts; -- called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is also applied locally to several other fishes.

Pigfoot

Pig"foot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine fish (Scorp\'91na porcus), native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.

Pigg

Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.

Piggery

Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Piggeries (. A place where swine are kept.

Piggin

Pig"gin (?), n. [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.] A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used as a dipper.

Piggish

Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.

Pig-headed

Pig"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. -- Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.

Pight

Pight (?), imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively. Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]
[His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head. Chaucer.
I found him pight to do it. Shak.

Pightel

Pigh"tel (?), n. [Cf. Pight, Picle.] A small inclosure. [Written also pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Pig-jawed

Pig"-jawed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of dogs.

Pigmean

Pig*me"an (?), a. See Pygmean.

Pigment

Pig"ment (?), n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf. F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.]

1. Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.

2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.

3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott. Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.

Pigmental, Pigmentary

Pig*men"tal (?), Pig"men*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to pigments; furnished with pigments. Dunglison. Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.

Pigmentation

Pig`men*ta"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A deposition, esp. an excessive deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver.

Pigmented

Pig"ment*ed (?), a. Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.

Pigmentous

Pig*men"tous (?), a. Pigmental.

Pigmy

Pig"my (?), n. See Pygmy. Pigmy falcon. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Falconet, 2 (a).

Pignerate

Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. pigneratus, p.p. of pignerate to pledge.]

1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]

2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]

Pignoration

Pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate to pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F. pignoration.]

1. The act of pledging or pawning.

2. (Civil Law) The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, till satisfaction is made. Burrill.

Pignorative

Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning. [R.]

Pignus

Pig"nus (?), n.; pl. Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom. Law) A pledge or pawn.

Pignut

Pig"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d). (b) The bitter-flavored nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, ∨ porcina); also, the tree itself.

Pigpen

Pig"pen` (?), n. A pen, or sty, for pigs.

Pigskin

Pig"skin` (?), n. The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.

Pigsney

Pigs"ney (?), n. [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or from E. pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.] [Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.

Pig-sticking

Pig"-stick`ing (?), n. Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians. [Colloq.] Tackeray.

Pigsty

Pig"sty` (?), n.; pl. Pigsties (. A pigpen.

Pigtail

Pig"tail` (?), n.

1. The tail of a pig.

2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.

3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.

The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail. Swift.

Pigtailed

Pig"tailed` (?), a. Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed baboon.

Pigweed

Pig"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot, and Lamb's-quarters.

Pigwidgeon

Pig"wid`geon (?), n. [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.] A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of a fairy.

Pika

Pi"ka (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of rodents of the genus Lagomys, resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high mountains of Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and crying hare. See Chief hare.

Pike

Pike (?), n. [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick, a point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see Pie magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.]

1. (Mil.) A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet.

2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or target. Beau. & Fl.

3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.

5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]

6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.

8. (Zo\'94l.) sing. & pl. A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack. &hand; Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See Wall-eye. Gar pike. See under Gar. -- Pike perch (Zo\'94l.), any fresh-water fish of the genus Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye, and Sauger. -- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing floating logs. -- Pike whale (Zo\'94l.), a finback whale of the North Atlantic (Bal\'91noptera rostrata), having an elongated snout; -- called also piked whale. -- Sand pike (Zo\'94l.), the lizard fish. -- Sea pike (Zo\'94l.), the garfish (a).

Piked

Piked (?), a. Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed. "With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.

Pike-devant

Pike`-de*vant" (?), n. [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.] A pointed beard. [Obs.]

Pikelet, Pikelin

Pike"let (?), Pike"lin (?), n. A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Pikeman

Pike"man (?), n.; pl. Pikeman (.

1. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.

2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.

3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.

Pikestaff

Pike"staff` (?), n.

1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.

2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping. Sir W. Scott.

Piketail

Pike"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pintail, 1.

Pikrolite

Pik"ro*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Picrolite.

Pilage

Pi"lage (?), n. See Pelage.

Pilaster

Pi*las"ter (?), n. [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.

Pilastered

Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished with pilasters.

Pilau

Pi*lau" (?), n. See Pillau.

Pilch

Pilch (?), n. [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and Pelt skin.] A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur. [Obs.]

Pilchard

Pil"chard (?), n. [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England.
Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.

Pilcher

Pilch"er (?), n. [From Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.

Pilcher

Pilch"er, n. (Zo\'94l.) The pilchard.

Pilcrow

Pil"crow (?), n. [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.) a paragraph mark, ¶. [Obs.] Tusser.

Pile

Pile (?), n. [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.]

1. A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.

Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. Cowper.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A covering of hair or fur.

Pile

Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or spear. [Obs.] Chapman.

Pile

Pile, n. [AS. p\'c6l arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L. pila pillar.]

1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc. &hand; Tubular iron piles are now much used.

2. [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost. Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. -- Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. -- Pile driver, ∨ Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. -- Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul. Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling, under Piling. -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.

Pile

Pile, v. t. To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles. To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet piling, under 2nd Piling.

Pile

Pile, n. [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf. Pillar.]

1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a pile of wood.

2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.

3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.

4. A large building, or mass of buildings.

The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. Dryden.

5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2.

6. (Elec.) A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; -- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic pile. &hand; The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with battery; as, for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually called a thermopile.

7. [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.] The reverse of a coin. See Reverse. Cross and pile. See under Cross. -- Dry pile. See under Dry.

Pile

Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.]

1. To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood. "Hills piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson.

The labor of an age in piled stones. Milton.

2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load. To pile arms ∨ muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.

Pileate, Pileated

Pi"le*ate (?), Pi"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt cap or hat.]

1. Having the form of a cap for the head.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the head. Pileated woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), a large American woodpecker (Ceophloeus pileatus). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also logcock, and woodcock.

Piled

Piled (?), a. [From 2d Pile.] Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.] "Magus threw a spear well piled." Chapman.

Piled

Piled, a. [From 1d Pile.] Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet." L. Barry (1611).

Piled

Piled, a. [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.) Formed from a pile or fagot; as, piled iron.

Pileiform

Pi*le"i*form (?), a. [Pileus + -form.] Having the form of a pileus or cap; pileate.

Pilement

Pile"ment (?), n. [From Pile to lay into a heap.] An accumulation; a heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Page 1086

Pilentum

Pi*len"tum (?), n.; pl. Pilenta (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An easy chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were carried.

Pileorhiza

Pi`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Pilorhiz\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a rootcap.

Pileous

Pi"le*ous (?), a. [See Pilous.] Consisting of, or covered with, hair; hairy; pilose.

Piler

Pil"er (?), n. One who places things in a pile.

Piles

Piles (?), n. pl. [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.) The small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids. [The singular pile is sometimes used.] Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed.

Pileus

Pi"le*us (?), n.; pl. Pilei (#). [L., a felt cap.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) A kind of skull cap of felt.

2. (Bot.) The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See Mushroom.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.

Pileworm

Pile"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The teredo.

Pile-worn

Pile"-worn` (?), a. Having the pile worn off; threadbare.

Pilewort

Pile"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of Linn\'91us) whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles. Forsyth.

Pilfer

Pil"fer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pilfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pilfering.] [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.] To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practice petty theft.

Pilfer

Pil"fer, v. t. To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by little.
And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep. Cowper.

Pilferer

Pil"fer*er (?), n. One who pilfers; a petty thief.

Pilfering

Pil"fer*ing, a. Thieving in a small way. Shak. -- n. Petty theft. -- Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv.

Pilfery

Pil"fer*y (?), n. Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North.

Pilgarlic

Pil*gar"lic (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One who has lost his hair by disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.

Pilgrim

Pil"grim (?), n. [OE. pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D. pelgrim, OHG. piligr\'c6m, G. pilger, F. p\'8alerin, It. pellegrino; all fr. L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through + ager land, field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.]

1. A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.

Strangers and pilgrims on the earth. Heb. xi. 13.

2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims. See Palmer. P. Plowman.

Pilgrim

Pil"grim, a. Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making pilgrimages. "With pilgrim steps." Milton. Pilgrim fathers, a name popularly given to the one hundred and two English colonists who landed from the Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland.

Pilgrim

Pil"grim, v. i. To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle.

Pilgrimage

Pil"grim*age (?), n. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. p\'8alerinage.]

1. The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. Shak.

The days of the years of my pilgrimage. Gen. xlvii. 9.

2. A tedious and wearisome time.

In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage. Shak.
Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey.

Pilgrimize

Pil"grim*ize (?), v. i. To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Pilidium

Pi*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pildia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in its interior.

Pilifera

Pi*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Piliferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Mammalia.

Piliferous

Pi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilif\'8are.]

1. Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.

2. Beset with hairs.

Piliform

Pil"i*form (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling hairs or down.

Piligerous

Pi*lig"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. pilig\'8are.] Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.

Piling

Pil"ing (?), n. [See Pile a heap.]

1. The act of heaping up.

2. (Iron Manuf.) The process of building up, heating, and working, fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.

Piling

Pil"ing, n. [See Pile a stake.] A series of piles; piles considered collectively; as, the piling of a bridge. Pug piling, sheet piles connected together at the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves. -- Sheet piling, a series of piles made of planks or half logs driven edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.

Pill

Pill (?), n. [Cf. Peel skin, or Pillion.] The peel or skin. [Obs.] "Some be covered over with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts." Holland.

Pill

Pill, v. i. To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.

Pill

Pill, v. t. [Cf. L. pilare to deprive of hair, and E. pill, n. (above).]

1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.]

2. To peel; to make by removing the skin.

[Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. Gen. xxx. 37.

Pill

Pill (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pilling.] [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to plunder.] To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to plunder. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob. Sir T. Malroy.

Pill

Pill (?), n. [F. pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L. pila a ball. Cf. Piles.]

1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be swallowed whole.

2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted or endured.<-- esp., as bitter pill --> Udall. Pill beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having a rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill bug (Zo\'94l.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also pill wood louse.<-- poison pill Fig., anything accompanying a desirable object or action, which makes it deleterious to him who accepts it; esp. (Finance) a provision in the regulations or financial structure (as indebtedness) of a company which makes the company undesirable as a target for a hostile takeover -->

Pillage

Pil"lage (?), n. [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.]

1. The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak.

2. That which is taken from another or others by open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.

Which pillage they with merry march bring home. Shak.
Syn. -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. -- Pillage, Plunder. Pillage refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of their goods, while plunder refers to the removal of the things thus taken; but the words are freely interchanged.

Pillage

Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging (?).] To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy.
Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city. Arbuthnot.

Pillage

Pil"lage, v. i. To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.
They were suffered to pillage wherever they went. Macaulay.

Pillager

Pil"la*ger (?), n. One who pillages. Pope.

Pillar

Pil"lar (?), n. [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium, pilarius, fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.]

1. The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or shaft not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an ornament.

Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. Gen. xxxv. 20.
The place . . . vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars stood. Dryden.

2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance, character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the Pillars of Hercules; a pillar of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar." Shak.

By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire. Milton.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton.

4. (Man.) The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which a horse turns. From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or predicament to another; backward and forward. [Colloq.] -- Pillar saint. See Stylite. -- Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1.

Pillar

Pil"lar, a. (Mach.) Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead of legs; as, a pillar drill.

Pillar-block

Pil"lar-block` (?), n. See under Pillow.

Pillared

Pil"lared (?), a. Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a pillar, or pillars. "The pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared flame." Thomson.

Pillaret

Pil"lar*et (?), n. A little pillar. [R.] Fuller.

Pillarist

Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) See Stylite.

Pillau

Pil*lau" (?), n. [Per. & Turk. pilau.] An Oriental dish consisting of rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written also pilau.]

Pilled

Pilled (?), a. [See 3rd Pill.] Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald. [Obs.] "Pilled beard." Chaucer.

Pilled-garlic

Pilled"-gar"lic (?), n. See Pilgarlic.

Piller

Pill"er (?), n. One who pills or plunders. [Obs.]

Pillery

Pill"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pilleries (. Plunder; pillage. [Obs.] Daniel.

Pillion

Pil"lion (?), n. [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean, pillin), fr. Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. pellis. See Pell, n., Fell skin.] A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle, on which a woman may ride.
His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups. Spenser.

Pillorize

Pil"lo*rize (?), v. t. To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to pillory. [R.]

Pillory

Pil"lo*ry (?), n.; pl. Pillories (#). [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori, LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium, spilorium; perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around, observe. Cf. Speculate.] A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so as to be exposed in front of it. Shak.

Pillory

Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pilloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillorying.] [Cf. F. pilorier.]

1. To set in, or punish with, the pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to pillory." Macaulay.

2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone.

Pillow

Pil"low (?), n. [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.]

1. Anything used to support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft material.

[Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard. Shak.

2. (Mach.) A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.]

3. (Naut.) A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.

4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian. Lace pillow, a cushion used in making hand-wrought lace. -- Pillow bier [OE. pilwebere; cf. LG. b\'81re a pillowcase], a pillowcase; pillow slip. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or standard, for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by means of bolts; -- called also pillar block, or plumber block. -- Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace pillow. -- Pillow of a plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam. -- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid over a pillow when not in use. -- Pillow slip, a pillowcase.

Pillow

Pil"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pillowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillowing.] To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as, to pillow the head.
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave. Milton.

Pillowcase

Pil"low*case` (?), n. A removable case or covering for a pillow, usually of white linen or cotton cloth.

Pillowed

Pil"lowed (?), a. Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on, or as on, a pillow.
Pillowedon buckler cold and hard. Sir W. Scott.

Pillowy

Pil"low*y (?), a. Like a pillow. Keats.

Pill-willet

Pill"-wil`let (?), n. [So named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The willet.

Pillworm

Pill"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any myriapod of the genus Iulus and allied genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under Myriapod.

Pillwort

Pill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called peppergrass.

Pilocarpine

Pi`lo*car"pine (?), n. [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi; L. pilus hair + Gr. pilocarpine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius) as a white amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor system.

Pilose

Pi*lose" (?), a. [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.]

1. Hairy; full of, or made of, hair.

The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering. Owen.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.

3. (Bot.) Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs; hairy; as, pilose pubescence.

Pilosity

Pi*los"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pilosit\'82.] The quality or state of being pilose; hairiness. Bacon.

Pilot

Pi"lot (?), n. [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot, then, is the lead man, i.e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and Lead a metal.]

1. (Naut.) One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman. Dryden.

2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a fixed rate of fees.

3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or unknown course.

4. An instrument for detecting the compass error.

5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.] Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to show the direction and force of the wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb. (b) The black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] -- Pilot boat, a strong, fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and leave vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit. -- Pilot cloth, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear. -- Pilot fish. (Zo\'94l) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); -- so named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). -- Pilot jack, a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea jacket. -- Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. -- Pilot snake (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake. -- Pilot whale. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Blackfish, 1.

Pilot

Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] [Cf. F. piloter.]

1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is dangerous.

2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The art of piloting a state." Berkeley. <-- to operate (an airlane) -->

Pilotage

Pi"lot*age (?), n. [Cf. F. pilotage.]

1. The pilot's skill or knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.

3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott.

Pilotism, Pilotry

Pi"lot*ism (?), Pi"lot*ry (?), n. Pilotage; skill in the duties of a pilot. [R.]
Page 1087

Pilour

Pil"our (?), n. A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.]

Pilous

Pil"ous (?), a. See Pilose.

Pilser

Pil"ser (?), n. An insect that flies into a flame.

Pilular

Pil"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or pills; as, a pilular mass.

Pilulous

Pil"u*lous (?), a. [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.] Like a pill; small; insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot.

Pilwe

Pil"we (?), n. A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pily

Pi"ly (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like pile or wool.

Pimaric

Pi*mar"ic (?), a. [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster, a pine which yields galipot.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.

Pimelic

Pi*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids. (b) Designating the acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from camphoric acid.

Pimelite

Pim"e*lite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) An apple-green mineral having a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and iron.

Piment

Pi"ment (?), n. [F. See Pimento.] Wine flavored with spice or honey. See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]

Pimenta

Pi*men"ta (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pimento.

Pimento

Pi*men"to (?), n. [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F. piment; all fr. L. pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence, something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.] (Bot.) Allspice; -- applied both to the tree and its fruit. See Allspice.

Pimlico

Pim"li*co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The friar bird.

Pimp

Pimp (?), n. [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper to pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. Pipe.] One who provides gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander. Swift.

Pimp

Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pimped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.] To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander. Dryden.

Pimpernel

Pim"per*nel (?), n. [F. pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It. pimpinella; perh. from LL. bipinnella, for bipinnula two-winged, equiv. to L. bipennis; bis twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a feather.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species (A. arvensis) has small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white, which speedily close at the approach of bad weather. Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed.

Pimpillo

Pim"pil*lo (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian name for the prickly pear (Opuntia); -- called also pimploes.

Pimpinel

Pim"pi*nel (?), n. [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.) The burnet saxifrage. See under Saxifrage.

Pimping

Pimp"ing (?), a. [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.]

1. Little; petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe.

2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]

Pimple

Pim"ple (?), n. [AS. p\'c6pelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.]

1. (Med.) Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on to suppuration or not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose." Pope.

2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that portends a future sprout." Cowper.

Pimpled

Pim"pled (?), a. Having pimples. Johnson.

Pimply

Pim"ply (?), a. Pimpled.

Pimpship

Pimp"ship (?), n. The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]

Pin

Pin (?), v. t. (Metal Working) To peen.

Pin

Pin (?), v. t. [Cf. Pen to confine, or Pinfold.] To inclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.

Pin

Pin, n. [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne, Icel. pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle, pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf. Fin of a fish, Pen a feather.]

1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together, or as a support by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.

With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast. Milton.

2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching papers, etc.

3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.

He . . . did not care a pin for her. Spectator.

4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as: (a) A peg in musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the strings. (b) A linchpin. (c) A rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin. (e) (Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle. (f) (Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.

5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark how much each man should drink.

6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.] "The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak.

7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper.

8. (Med.) Caligo. See Caligo. Shak.

9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a pin; as, a Masonic pin.

10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang] Banking pin (Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its motion. -- Pin drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or projection to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore. -- Pin grass. (Bot.) See Alfilaria. -- Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small aperture or perforation. -- Pin lock, a lock having a cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of tumblers. -- Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made by a husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure. -- Pin rail (Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin rack. -- Pin wheel. (a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins. (b) (Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire. <-- a toy with lightweight, usually brightly colored vanes, as of plastic, which revolve on a pin at the end of a stick, when acted on by a wind -->

Pin

Pin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.] [See Pin, n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a garment; to pin boards together. "Aa if she would pin her to her heart." Shak. To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.

Pi\'a4a cloth

Pi"\'a4a cloth` (?). A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

Pinacoid

Pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Crystallog.) A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.

Pinacolin

Pi*nac"o*lin (?), n. [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.]

Pinacone

Pin"a*cone (?), n. [From Gr. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also pinakone.]

Pinacotheca

Pin`a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr. A picture gallery.

Pinafore

Pin"a*fore` (?), n. [Pin + afore.] An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.

Pinakothek

Pin"a*ko*thek` (?), n. [G.] Pinacotheca.

Pinaster

Pi*nas"ter (?), n. [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species of pine (Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.

Pinax

Pi"nax (?), n.; pl. Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pince-nez

Pince`-nez" (?), n. [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.] Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.

Pincers

Pin"cers (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See Pinch, Pinchers.] See Pinchers.

Pinch

Pinch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.] [F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.]

1. To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between any two hard bodies.

2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.]

He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down. Chapman.

3. To plait. [Obs.]

Full seemly her wimple ipinched was. Chaucer.

4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to distress; as, to be pinched for money.

Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation. Sir W. Raleigh.

5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See Pinch, n., 4.

Pinch

Pinch, v. i.

1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe pinches."

2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]

3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.

The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare. Franklin.
To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pinch

Pinch, n.

1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an instrument; a nip.

2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.

3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.

4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, -- used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar. At a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a little Latin.<-- in a pinch -->

Pinchbeck

Pinch"beck (?), n. [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It. prencisbecco.] An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap jewelry.

Pinchbeck

Pinch"beck, a. Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds.

Pinchcock

Pinch"cock` (?), n. A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid through the pipe.

Pinchem

Pin"chem (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Pincher

Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pinches.

Pinchers

Pinch"ers (?), n. pl. [From Pinch.] An instrument having two handles and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things to be held fast, drawing nails, etc. &hand; This spelling is preferable to pincers, both on account of its derivation from the English pinch, and because it represents the common pronunciation.

Pinchfist

Pinch"fist` (?), n. A closefisted person; a miser.

Pinching

Pinch"ing, a. Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching cold; a pinching parsimony. Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4. -- Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n.

Pinchingly

Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching way.

Pinchpenny

Pinch"pen`ny (?), n. A miserly person.

Pincoffin

Pin"coff*in (?), n. [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.] A commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.

Pincpinc

Pinc"pinc` (?), n. [Named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) An African wren warbler. (Drymoica textrix).

Pincushion

Pin"cush`ion (?), n. A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.

Pindal, Pindar

Pin"dal (?), Pin"dar (?), n. [D. piendel.] (Bot.) The peanut (Arachis hypog\'91a); -- so called in the West Indies.

Pindaric

Pin*dar"ic (?), a. [L. Pindaricus, Gr. Pindarus) Pindar: cf. F. pindarique.] Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. -- n. A Pindaric ode.

Pindarical

Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a. Pindaric.
Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose. Cowley.

Pindarism

Pin"dar*ism (?), n. Imitation of Pindar.

Pindarist

Pin"dar*ist, n. One who imitates Pindar.

Pinder

Pin"der (?), n. [AS. pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.] One who impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]

Pine

Pine (?), n. [AS. p\'c6n, L. poena penalty. See Pain.] Woe; torment; pain. [Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer.

Pine

Pine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] [AS. p\'c6nan to torment, fr. p\'c6n torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.]

1. To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

That people that pyned him to death. Piers Plowman.
One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. Bp. Hall.

2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.

Pine

Pine, v. i.

1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.]

2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. "The roses wither and the lilies pine." Tickell.

3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; -- usually followed by for.

For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. Shak.
Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.

Pine

Pine, n. [AS. p\'c6n, L. pinus.]

1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See Pinus. &hand; There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P. australis), the red pine (P. resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are among the most valuable. The Scotch pine or fir, also called Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only British species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See Pinon. The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera.

2. The wood of the pine tree.

3. A pineapple. Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree, the Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren, a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.] -- Pine borer (Zo\'94l.), any beetle whose larv\'91 bore into pine trees. -- Pine finch. (Zo\'94l.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. -- Pine grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with red. -- Pine lizard (Zo\'94l.), a small, very active, mottled gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle States; -- called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. -- Pine marten. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called also sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable. See Sable. -- Pine moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths of the genus Retinia, whose larv\'91 burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. -- Pine mouse (Zo\'94l.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests. -- Pine needle (Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See Pinus. -- Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil, an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors. -- Pine snake (Zo\'94l.), a large harmless North American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull snake. The Western pine snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine. -- Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree. -- Pine weevil (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose larv\'91 bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes, Hylobius, etc. -- Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also pine-needle wool, and pine-wood wool.

Pineal

Pi"ne*al (?), a. [L. pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of the pine, from pinus a pine: cf. F. pin\'82ale.] Of or pertaining to a pine cone; resembling a pine cone. Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; -- called also pineal body, epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.
Page 1088

Pineapple

Pine"ap`ple (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.

Pineaster

Pine`as"ter (?), n. See Pinaster.

Pine-clad, Pine-crowned

Pine"-clad` (?), Pine"-crowned` (?), a. Clad or crowned with pine trees; as, pine-clad hills.

Pinedrops

Pine"drops` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.

Pinefinch

Pine"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American bird (Spinus, ∨ Chrysomitris, spinus); -- called also pine siskin, and American siskin. (b) The pine grosbeak.

Pinenchyma

Pi*nen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.) Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.

Pinery

Pin"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pineries (.

1. A pine forest; a grove of pines.

2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.

Pinesap

Pine"sap` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa (M. hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine trees, but more probably saprophytic.

Pinetum

Pi*ne"tum (?), n. [L., a pine grove.] A plantation of pine trees; esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or scientific purposes.

Pineweed

Pine"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (Hypericum Sarothra), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United States.

Piney

Pin"ey (?), a. See Piny.

Piney

Pin"ey, a. [Of East Indian origin.] A term used in designating an East Indian tree (the Vateria Indica or piney tree, of the order Dipterocarpe\'91, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products. Piney dammar, Piney resin, Piney varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a substitute for incense and for amber. Called also liquid copal, and white dammar. -- Piney tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called also dupada oil. -- Piney thistle (Bot.), a plant (Atractylis gummifera), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance exudes.

Pin-eyed

Pin"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the stigma visible at the throad of a gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; -- said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of thrum-eyed.

Pinfeather

Pin"feath`er (?), n. A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary feather just emerging through the skin.

Pinfeathered

Pin"feath`ered (?), a. Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly developed.

Pinfish

Pin"fish` (?), n. [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, ∨ Lagodon, rhomboides). (b) The salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki). &hand; Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to other allied species.

Pinfold

Pin"fold` (?), n. [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure, and Fold an inclosure.] A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined; a pound; a penfold. Shak.
A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge. Sir W. Scott.

Ping

Ping (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin.] The sound made by a bullet in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.

Ping

Ping, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.] To make the sound called ping.

Pingle

Pin"gle (?), n. [Perhaps fr. pin to impound.] A small piece of inclosed ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Pingster

Ping"ster (?), n. See Pinkster.

Pinguicula

Pin*guic"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.] (Bot.) See Butterwort.

Pinguid

Pin"guid (?), a. [L. pinguis fat.] Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some clays are more pinguid." Mortimer.

Pinguidinous

Pin*guid"i*nous (?), a. [L. pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.] Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]

Pinguitude

Pin"gui*tude (?), n. [L. pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.] Fatness; a growing fat; obesity. [R.]

Pinhold

Pin"hold` (?), n. A place where a pin is fixed.

Pinic

Pi"nic ( a. [L. pinus pine.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the pine; obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the chief constituent of common resin, -- now called abietic, or sylvic, acid.

Pining

Pin"ing (?), a.

1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.

2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak.

Piningly

Pin"ing*ly, adv. In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe.

Pinion

Pin"ion (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L. antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.

Pinion

Pin"ion, n. [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp. pi\'a4on pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a peg, and cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.]

1. A feather; a quill. Shak.

2. A wing, literal or figurative.

Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. Pope.

3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson.

4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth.

5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which is its axis. Lantern pinion. See under Lantern. -- Pinion wire, wire fluted longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the leaves or teeth of the pinions.

Pinion

Pin"ion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinioning.]

1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings. Bacon.

2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson.

3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by binding the arms to the body. Shak.

Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. Cowper.

4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by formal rules of state." Norris.

Pinioned

Pin"ioned (?), a. Having wings or pinions.

Pinionist

Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any winged creature.

Pinite

Pin"ite (?), n. [So called from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.) A compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.

Pinite

Pi"nite (?), n. [L. pinus the pine tree.]

1. (Paleon.) Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged to the Pine family.

2. (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum of a species of pine (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and resembles, quercite.

Pink

Pink (?), n. [D. pink.] (Naut.) A vessel with a very narrow stern; -- called also pinky. Sir W. Scott. Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.

Pink

Pink, v. i. [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.] To wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Pink

Pink, a. Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.

Pink

Pink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] [OE. pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.]

1. To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops or angles.

2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison.

3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.

Pink

Pink, n. A stab. Grose.

Pink

Pink, n. [Perh. akin to pick; as if the edges of the petals were picked out. Cf. Pink, v. t.]

1. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five-petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.

2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower. Dryden.

3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its abdomen in summer. [Prov. Eng.] Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus. -- China, ∨ Indian, pink. See under China. -- Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which carnations are derived. -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged robin. -- Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under Moss. -- Pink needle, the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of the carpels. See Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See Thrift.

Pink

Pink, a. Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink (see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. Pink eye (Med.), a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball. -- Pink salt (Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal. -- Pink saucer, a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink pigment.

Pinked

Pinked (?), a. Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the edge. Shak.

Pink-eyed

Pink"-eyed` (?), a. [Pink half-shut + eye.] Having small eyes. Holland.

Pinking

Pink"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing or stabbing.

2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking iron. Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons, flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.]

Pinkish

Pink"ish, a. Somewhat pink.

Pinkness

Pink"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being pink.

Pinkroot

Pink"root` (?), n.

1. (Med.) The root of Spigelia Marilandica, used as a powerful vermifuge; also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 (below).

2. (Bot.) (a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica), sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina pink, Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass. (b) An annual South American and West Indian plant (Spigelia Anthelmia).

Pinkster

Pink"ster (?), n. [D. pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. Pentecost.] Whitsuntide. [Written also pingster and pinxter.] Pinkster flower (Bot.), the rosy flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also, the shrub itself; -- called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York descendants of the Dutch settlers.

Pink stern

Pink" stern` (?). [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) See Chebacco, and 1st Pink.

Pink-sterned

Pink"-sterned` (?), a. [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) Having a very narrow stern; -- said of a vessel.

Pinky

Pink"y (?), n. (Naut.) See 1st Pink.

Pinna

Pin"na (?), n.; pl. Pinn\'91 (#), E. Pinnas (#). [L., a feather.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate. (b) One of the primary divisions of a decompound leaf.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.

3. [L. pinna, akin to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pinna, a genus of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists of a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.

4. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear. See Ear.

Pinnace

Pin"nace (?), n. [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza; all from L. pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship. Cf. Pine a tree.]

1. (Naut.) (a) A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly employed as a tender, or for coast defence; -- called originally, spynace or spyne. (b) A man-of-war's boat.

Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs. Shak.

2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Pinnacle

Pin"na*cle (?), n. [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr. pinna pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.]

1. (Arch.) An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a small spire, -- used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like. Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight, where it is necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.

Some renowned metropolis With glistering spires and pinnacles around. Milton.

2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.

Three silent pinnacles of aged snow. Tennyson.
The slippery tops of human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate. Cowley.

Pinnacle

Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinnacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinnacling (?).] To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T. Warton.

Pinnage

Pin"nage (?), n. [Cf. Pinfold.] Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.]

Pinnate, Pinnated

Pin"nate (?), Pin"na*ted (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna a feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.]

1. (Bot.) Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions, arranged on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See Abruptly pinnate, and Illust., under Abruptly.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the neck. Pinnated grouse (Zo\'94l.), the prairie chicken.

Pinnately

Pin"nate*ly (?), adv. In a pinnate manner.

Pinnatifid

Pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + root of findere to split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.) Divided in a pinnate manner, with the divisions not reaching to the midrib.

Pinnatilobate

Pin*nat`i*lo"bate (?), a. [See Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.) Having lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.

Pinnatiped

Pin*nat"i*ped (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf. F. pinnatip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the toes bordered by membranes; fin-footed, as certain birds.

Pinnatiped

Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird which has the toes bordered by membranes.

Pinner

Pin"ner (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.

2. (Costume) (a) A headdress like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An apron with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.]

With kerchief starched, and pinners clean. Gay.

3. A pin maker.

Pinner

Pin"ner, n. [See Pin to pound.] One who pins or impounds cattle. See Pin, v. t. [Obs.]

Pinnet

Pin"net (?), n. A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pinniform

Pin"ni*form (?), a. [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.] Shaped like a fin or feather. Sir J. Hill.

Pinnigrada

Pin`ni*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to walk, move.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pinnipedia.

Pinnigrade

Pin"ni*grade (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal of the seal tribe, moving by short feet that serve as paddles.

Pinniped

Pin"ni*ped (?), n. [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. pinnip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal. (b) One of the Pinnipedes.

Pinnipedes

Pin*nip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Steganopodes.

Pinnipedia

Pin`ni*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because their webbed feet are used as paddles or fins.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of aquatic carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; -- opposed to Fissipedia.
Page 1089

Pinnock

Pin"nock (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tomtit.

Pinnothere

Pin"no*there (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A crab of the genus pinnotheres. See Oyster crab, under Oyster.

Pinnula

Pin"nu*la (?), n.; pl. Pinnul\'91 (#). [L.] Same as Pinnule.

Pinnulate

Pin"nu*late (?), a. [See Pinnule.] (Bot.) Having each pinna subdivided; -- said of a leaf, or of its pinn\'91.

Pinnulated

Pin"nu*la`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having pinnules.

Pinnule

Pin"nule (?), n. [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F. pinnule.]

1. (Bot.) One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a pinnule of a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.

Pinnywinkles

Pin"ny*win`kles (?), n. pl. An instrument of torture, consisting of a board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with pegs. [Written also pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Pinocle

Pin"o*cle (?), n. See Penuchle.

Pinole

Pi*nole" (?), n.

1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.

2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.

Pi\'a4on

Pi\'a4"on (?), n. [Sp. pi\'a4on.] (Bot.) (a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]

Pinpatch

Pin"patch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common English periwinkle. [Prov. Eng.]

Pint

Pint (?), n. [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint, fr. pintar to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a larger measure. See Paint.] A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.

Pint

Pint, n. (Zo\'94l.) The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Pintado

Pin*ta"do (?), n.; pl. Pintados (#). [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to paint.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are found in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea fowl, under Guinea.

Pintail

Pin"tail` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A northern duck (Dafila acuta), native of both continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also gray duck, piketail, piket-tail, spike-tail, split-tail, springtail, sea pheasant, and gray widgeon.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky Mountains (Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus); -- called also pintailed grouse, pintailed chicken, springtail, and sharptail.

Pin-tailed

Pin"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a tapered tail, with the middle feathers longest; -- said of birds.

Pintle

Pin"tle (?), n. [A diminutive of Pin.]

1. A little pin.

2. (Mech.) An upright pivot pin; as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge. (b) A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns. (c) A pivot about which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages. (d) A kingbolt of a wagon.

Pintos

Pin"tos (?), n. pl.; sing. Pinto (. [Sp., painted, mottled.] (Eyhnol.) A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted with white. Called also speckled Indians.

Pinule

Pin"ule (?), n. [Cf. Pinnule.] (Astron.) One of the sights of an astrolabe. [Obs.]

Pinus

Pi"nus (?), n. [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.) A large genus of evergreen coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (pine needles) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See Pine.

Pinweed

Pin"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves and flowers.

Pinworm

Pin"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus vermicularis), which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in children and aged persons.

Pinxit

Pinx"it (?). [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.] A word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted (this).

Pinxter

Pinx"ter (?), n. See Pinkster.

Piny

Pin"y (?), a. Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny wood." Longfellow.

Pioned

Pi"o*ned (?), a. A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., "abounding in marsh marigolds."
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. Shak.

Pioneer

Pi`o*neer" (?), n. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]

1. (Mil.) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances.

2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform.

Pioneer

Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pioneering.] To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer.

Pioner

Pi`o*ner" (?), n. A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak.

Piony

Pi"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

Piot

Pi"ot (?), n. [See Piet.] (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Holland.

Pious

Pi"ous (?), a. [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.]

1. Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly. "Pious hearts." Milton. "Pious poetry." Johnson.

Where was the martial brother's pious care? Pope.

2. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety; as, pious errors; pious frauds. Syn. -- Godly; devout; religious; righteous.

Piously

Pi"ous*ly, adv. In a pious manner.

Pip

Pip (?), n. [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. p\'82pie; from LL. pipita, fr. L. pituita slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.] A contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth, forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is restricted to this last symptom, the disease being called roup by them.

Pip

Pip, n. [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.) A seed, as of an apple or orange.

Pip

Pip, n. [Perh. for pick, F. pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf. Pique.] One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes, etc. Addison.

Pip

Pip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] [See Peep.] To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.
To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg. Boyle.

Pipa

Pi*pa (?), n.; pl. Pipas (. (Zo\'94l.) The Surinam toad (Pipa Americana), noted for its peculiar breeding habits. &hand; The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they soon become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the young, when hatched, come forth with well developed legs.

Pipage

Pip"age (?), n. Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.

Pipal tree

Pi"pal tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.

Pipe

Pipe (?), n. [AS. p\'c6pe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp; of imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.]

1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a shepherd's pipe; the pipe of an organ. "Tunable as sylvan pipe." Milton.

Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. Shak.

2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.

3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and, sometimes, other substances.

4. A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe, or one of its divisions.

5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak.

6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.

The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds. Tennyson.

7. pl. The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow.

8. (Mining) An elongated body or vein of ore.

9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the Great Roll, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the king; -- so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W.

10. (Naut.) A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their duties; also, the sound of it.

11. [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to chirp. See Etymol. above.] A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or 126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains. Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an engine or a building. -- Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as accessory to a pipe. -- Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc. [Eng.] -- Pipe tree (Bot.), the lilac and the mock orange; -- so called because their were formerly used to make pipe stems; -- called also pipe privet. -- Pipe wrench, ∨ Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding it. -- To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in token of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom of the American Indians.

Pipe

Pipe, v. i.

1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of music.

We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced. Matt. xi. 17.

2. (Naut.) To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe or whistle carried by a boatswain.

3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle. "Oft in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth.

4. (Metal.) To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of an ingot, as of steel.

Pipe

Pipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.]

1. To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.

A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes. W. Irving.

2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.

As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft. Marryat.

3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a building.

Pipe clay

Pipe" clay` ( A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, -- used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.

Pipeclay

Pipe"clay`, v. t.

1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.

2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]

Piped

Piped (?), a. Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.

Pipefish

Pipe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lophobranch fish of the genus Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.

Pipelayer, n., or Pipe layer

Pipe"lay`er (?), n., or Pipe" lay`er.

1. One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant) A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense, usually written as one word. [U.S.]

Pipelaying, n., or Pipe laying

Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing.

1. The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of making combinations for personal advantage secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one word. [U.S.]

Pipemouth

Pipe"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; -- called also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia.

Piper

Pi"per (?), n. [L.] See Pepper.

Piper

Pip"er (?), n.

1. (Mus.) One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe. "The hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long spines, native of both the American and European coasts. To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.

Piperaceous

Pip`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the order of plants (Piperace\'91) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum) is the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.

Piperic

Pi*per"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline substance.

Piperidge

Pip"er*idge (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pepperidge.

Piperidine

Pi*per"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the decomposition of piperine.

Piperine

Pip"er*ine (?), n. [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.] (Chem.) A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.

Piperonal

Pip`er*o"nal (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.

Piperylene

Pi*per"y*lene (?), n. [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.

Pipestem

Pipe"stem` (?), n. The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco, etc.
Took a long reed for a pipestem. Longfellow.

Pipestone

Pipe"stone` (?), n. A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes. Cf. Catlinite.

Pipette

Pi*pette" (?), n. [F., dim. of pipe.] A small glass tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used for transferring or delivering measured quantities.

Pipevine

Pipe"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.

Pipewort

Pipe"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.

Piping

Pip"ing (?), a. [From Pipe, v.]

1. Playing on a musical pipe. "Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift.

2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.

3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.

4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling fluids. Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller (Zo\'94l.), any Australian bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is black and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck. -- Piping frog (Zo\'94l.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii) which utters a high, shrill note in early spring. -- Piping hot, boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.

Piping

Pip"ing, n.

1. A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's dresses.

2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.

3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.

4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation by cuttings.

Page 1090

Pipistrel, Pipistrelle

Pi*pis"trel (?), Pip`i*strelle" (?), n. [F. pipistrelle, It. pipistrello.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus); -- called also flittermouse.

Pipit

Pip"it (?), n. [So named from its call note.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied genera, of the family Motacillid\'91. They strongly resemble the true larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks. &hand; The meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree lark (A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A. obscurus) are well-known European species. The common American pipit, or brown lark, is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species (A. Spraguei) is called the American skylark, on account of its musical powers.

Pipkin

Pip"kin, n.[Dim. of Pipe.] A small earthen boiler.

Pippin

Pip"pin (?), n. [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a) An apple from a tree raised from the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples of several different kinds, as Newtown pippin, summer pippin, fall pippin, golden pippin.
We will eat a last year's pippin. Shak.
Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use.

Pippul tree

Pip"pul tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.

Pipra

Pi"pra (?), n.; pl. Pipras (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds belonging to Pipra and allied genera, of the family Piprid\'91. The male is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They chiefly inhabit South America.

Piprine

Pi"prine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family Piprid\'91.

Pipsissewa

Pip*sis"se*wa (?), n. [From American Indian.] (Bot.) A low evergreen plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves, and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in nephritic diseases. Called also prince's pine.

Pipy

Pip"y (?), a. Like a pipe; hollow-stemmed. Keats.

Piquancy

Pi"quan*cy (?), n. [See Piquant.] The quality or state of being piquant.

Piquant

Pi"quant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.] Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a piquant anecdote. "As piquant to the tongue as salt." Addison. "Piquant railleries." Gov. of Tongue.

Piquantly

Pi"quant*ly, adv. In a piquant manner.

Piqu\'82

Pi`qu\'82" (?), n. [F., p.p. of piquer to prick.] A cotton fabric, figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children, and for vestings, etc.

Pique

Pique (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jigger. See Jigger.

Pique

Pique (?), n. [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.]

1. A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging vexation.

Men take up piques and displeasures. Dr. H. More.
Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. De Quincey.

2. Keenly felt desire; a longing.

Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the wrong. Hudibras.

3. (Card Playing) In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one. Syn. -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge. Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others.

Pique

Pique, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing (?).] [F. piquer. See Pike.]

1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger.

Pique her, and soothe in turn. Byron.

2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate; to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior.

3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively.

Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. Locke.
Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting; goad; stimulate.

Pique

Pique, v. i. To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every piques." Tatler.

Piqueer

Pi*queer" (?), v. i. See Pickeer. [R.]

Piqueerer

Pi*queer"er (?), n. See Pickeerer. [R.]

Piquet

Piqu"et (?), n. See Picket. [R.]

Piquet

Pi*quet" (?), n. [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and Picket.] A game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written also picket and picquet.]

Piracy

Pi"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Piracies (#). [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. Pirate.]

1. The act or crime of a pirate.

2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land. <-- air piracy -- to commandeer or hijack an airplane --> &hand; By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made piracy.

3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation of copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable term." Abbott.

Piragua

Pi*ra"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

Pirai

Pi*rai" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Piraya.

Pirameter

Pi*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over roads.

Pirarucu

Pi`ra*ru"cu (?), n. [From the native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Arapaima.

Pirate

Pi"rate (?), n. [L. pirata, Gr. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.]

1. A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor.

2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.

3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an author without permission. Pirate perch (Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water percoid fish of the United States (Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots.

Pirate

Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.] [Cf. F. pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas.

Pirate

Pi"rate, v. t. To publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the author.<-- or other copyrighted material; see also the similar "knock off", to manufacture an object with a brand name, without permission of the brand owner, and usually of inferior quality -->
They advertised they would pirate his edition. Pope.

Piratic

Pi*rat"ic (?), a. Piratical.

Piratical

Pi*rat"ic*al (?), a. [L. piraticus, Gr. piratique.] Of or pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a piratical undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope. -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Piraya

Pi*ra"ya (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large voracious fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South America, having lancet-shaped teeth.

Pirie

Pir"ie (?), n. (Naut.) See Pirry.

Pirie

Pir"ie, n. [See Pear.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

Piririgua

Pi`ri*ri"gua (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos.

Pirl

Pirl (?), v. t. [Cf. Purl.]

1. To spin, as a top.

2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.

Pirn

Pirn (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A quill or reed on which thread or yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle; also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.]

Pirogue

Pi*rogue" (?), n. [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue, Sp. piroga, piragua.] A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat. [Written variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.]

Pirouette

Pir`ou*ette" (?), n. [F.; of uncertain origin.]

1. A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.

2. (Man.) The whirling about of a horse.

Pirouette

Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirouetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pirouetting.] [F. pirouetter.] To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a dancer.

Pirry, Pirrie

Pir"ry, Pir"rie (?), n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Pisasphaltum

Pis`as*phal"tum (?), n. See Pissasphalt.

Pisay

Pi"say (?), n. (Arch.) See Pis\'82.

Piscary

Pis"ca*ry (?), n. [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr. piscis a fish.] (Law) The right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters. Blackstone.

Piscation

Pis*ca"tion (?), n. [L. piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.] Fishing; fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Piscator

Pis*ca"tor (?), n. [L.] A fisherman; an angler.

Piscatorial, Piscatory

Pis`ca*to"ri*al (?), Pis"ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. piscatorius, fr. piscator a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish the animal.] Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.

Pisces

Pis"ces (?), n. pl. [L. piscis a fish.]

1. (Astron.) (a) The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked &pisces; in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.

Piscicapture

Pis"ci*cap`ture (?), n. Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H. Russell.

Piscicultural

Pis`ci*cul"tur*al (?), a. Relating to pisciculture.

Pisciculture

Pis`ci*cul"ture (?), n. [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.] Fish culture. See under Fish.

Pisciculturist

Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n. One who breeds fish.

Pisciform

Pis"ci*form (?), a. [L. piscis fish + -form.] Having the form of a fish; resembling a fish.

Piscina

Pis*ci"na (?), n. [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.] (Arch.) A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin for rinsing altar vessels.

Piscinal

Pis"ci*nal (?), a. [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.] Belonging to a fishpond or a piscina.

Piscine

Pis"cine (?), a. [L. piscis a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a fish or fishes; as, piscine remains.

Piscivorous

Pis*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F. piscivore.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding or subsisting on fish.

Pis\'82

Pi`s\'82" (?), n. [F. pis\'82, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.] (Arch.) A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also pis\'82 work. Gwilt.

Pish

Pish (?), interj. An exclamation of contempt.

Pish

Pish (?), v. i. To express contempt. Pope.

Pishu

Pi"shu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.]

Pisiform

Pi"si*form (?), a. [L. pisum a pea + -form: cf. F. pisiforme.] Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore.

Pisiform

Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.) A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in man and many mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.

Pismire

Pis"mire (?), n. [Piss + mire; so called because it discharges a moisture vulgarly considered urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) An ant, or emmet.

Pisolite

Pi"so*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.) A variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also peastone, peagrit. &hand; O\'94lite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as small as the roe of a fish.

Pisolitic

Pi`so*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pisolithique.] (Min.) Composed of, containing, or resembling, pisolite.

Pisophalt

Pis"o*phalt (?), n. [For pissasphalt.] (Min.) Pissasphalt. [Obs.]

Piss

Piss (?), v. t. & i. [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare, D. & G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.] To discharge urine, to urinate. Shak.

Piss

Piss, n. Urine.

Pissabed

Piss"a*bed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name locally applied to various wild plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.

Pissasphalt

Pis"sas*phalt (?), n. [L. pissasphaltus, Gr. pissasphalte.] (Min.) Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum and asphalt. [Written also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]

Pist

Pist (?), n. (man.) See Piste.

Pistachio

Pis*ta"chio (?), n. [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F. pistache), fr. L. pistacium, Gr. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.) The nut of the Pistacia vera, a tree of the order Anacardiace\'91, containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste and odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily. [Written also pistachia.]

Pistacia

Pis*ta"ci*a (?), n. [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.) The name of a genus of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the Mediterranean mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus), and the species (P. Terebinthus) which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.

Pistacite

Pis"ta*cite (?), n. [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green color. See Pistachio.] (Min.) Epidote.

Pistareen

Pis`ta*reen" (?), n. An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about twenty cents.

Pistazite

Pis"ta*zite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pistacite.

Piste

Piste (?), n. [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.] (Min.) The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over. Johnson.

Pistel, Pistil

Pis"tel (?), Pis"til (?), n. An epistle. [Obs.]

Pistic

Pis"tic (?), a. [L. pisticus, Gr. Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Pistil

Pis"til (?), n. [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil. See Pestle.] (Bot.) The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a style. When composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it is compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary.

Pistillaceous

Pis`til*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Growing on, or having nature of, the pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil. Barton.

Pistillate

Pis"til*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.

Pistillation

Pis`til*la"tion (?), n. [L. pistillum a pestle.] The act of pounding or breaking in a mortar; pestillation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Pistillidium

Pis`til*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pistillida (#). [NL., fr. E. pistil.] (Bot.) Same as Archegonium.

Pistilliferous

Pis`til*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillif\'8are.] (Bot.) Pistillate.

Pistillody

Pis"til*lo*dy (?), n. [Pistil + Gr. (Bot.) The metamorphosis of other organs into pistils.

Pistol

Pis"tol (?), n. [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a form Pistola, for Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first made. Cf. Pistole.] The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one hand, -- now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names. See Illust. of Revolver.<-- generically, also called handgun --> Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable of being used either as a pistol or a carbine. -- Pistol pipe (Metal.), a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling a pistol in form. -- Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a pistol. (b) The distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.

Pistol

Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.] [Cf. F. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher." Sydney Smith.

Pistolade

Pis"to*lade` (?), n. [F.] A pistol shot.

Pistole

Pis*tole" (?), n. [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a Spanish coin. Cf. Pistol.] The name of certain gold coins of various values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about $5.40.

Pistoleer

Pis`to*leer" (?), n. [Cf. F. pistolier.] One who uses a pistol. [R.] Carlyle.

Pistolet

Pis"to*let` (?), n. [F., a dim. of pistole.] A small pistol. Donne. Beau. & Fl. <-- pistol-whip, to beat with a pistol -->
Page 1091

Piston

Pis"ton (?), n. [F. piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See Pestle, Pistil.] (Mach.) A sliding piece which either is moved by, or moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam, and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes. Piston head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to the piston rod. -- Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by which it communicates motion. -- Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by the valve.

Pit

Pit (?), n. [OE. pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well, pit.]

1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation; specifically: (a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone pit; a gravel pit; or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit.

Tumble me into some loathsome pit. Shak.

2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.

Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. Milton.
He keepth back his soul from the pit. Job xxxiii. 18.

3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.

The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. Lam. iv. 20.

4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a) The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b) See Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.

5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.

6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As fiercely as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke.

7. [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct. Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used in winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of a coal mine. -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit or mine. -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal. -- Pit martin (Zo\'94l.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit of the stomach (Anat.), the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression. -- Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a pit, whence the name. -- Pit viper (Zo\'94l.), any viperine snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are examples. -- Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.

Pit

Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.]

1. To place or put into a pit or hole.

They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into the grave. T. Grander.

2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox.

3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest; as, to pit one dog against another.

Pita

Pi"ta (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A fiber obtained from the Agave Americana and other related species, -- used for making cordage and paper. Called also pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which yields the fiber. <-- pita, pita bread. a thin flat bread that is formed in two layers, to make a pocket into which other foods may be placed. -->

Pitahaya

Pit`a*ha"ya (?), n. [Sp., prob. from the native name.] (Bot.) A cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which yields a delicious fruit.

Pitapat

Pit"a*pat` (?), adv. [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light, quick blow.] In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats. Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange.

Pitapat

Pit"a*pat`, n. A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain. "The pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden.

Pitch

Pitch (?), n. [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr.

1. A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.

He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. Ecclus. xiii. 1.

2. (Geol.) See Pitchstone. Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy pitch. See under Burgundy. -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree (Abies Canadensis); hemlock gum. -- Jew's pitch, bitumen. -- Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch coal (Min.), bituminous coal. -- Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous peat, with a waxy luster. -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North America.

Pitch

Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.] [See Pitch, n.]

1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14.

2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.

The welkin pitched with sullen could. Addison.

Pitch

Pitch (?), v. t. [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.]

1. To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.

2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a tent; to pitch a camp.

3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an embankment or a roadway. Knight.

4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.

5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak. Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces have fixed positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish. -- To pitch into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]

Pitch

Pitch, v. i.

1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. "Laban with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen. xxxi. 25.

2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.

The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. Mortimer.

3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon.

Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the more easy. Tillotson.

4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as, to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the field pitches toward the east. Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of goods. Shak.

Pitch

Pitch, n.

1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good pitch in quoits. Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads or tails;" hence: To play pitch and toss with (anything), to be careless or trust to luck about it. "To play pitch and toss with the property of the country." G. Eliot. -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck farthing, under 5th Chuck.

2. (Cricket) That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights when bowled.

3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or depression; hence, a limit or bound.

Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep. Milton.
Enterprises of great pitch and moment. Shak.
To lowest pitch of abject fortune. Milton.
He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. Addison.
The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. Sharp.

4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.

5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.

7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and low. &hand; Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower.

8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.

9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates. Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. -- Pitch line, ∨ Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30\'f8, of 45\'f8, etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle. -- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. -- Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune. -- Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.

Pitch-black

Pitch"-black` (?), a. Black as pitch or tar.

Pitchblende

Pitch"blende` (?), n. [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.) A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See Uraninite.

Pitch-dark

Pitch"-dark`, a. Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.

Pitcher

Pitch"er (?), n.

1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.; specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the batsman.

2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Pitcher

Pitch"er (?), n. [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehh\'beri; prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]

1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.

2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of certain plants. American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. -- Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell. -- California pitcher plant, the Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher plant, any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.

Pitcherful

Pitch"er*ful (?), n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (. The quantity a pitcher will hold.

Pitch-faced

Pitch"-faced` (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having the arris defined by a line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.

Pitchfork

Pitch"fork` (?), n. A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of grain, or the like.

Pitchfork

Pitch"fork`, v. t. To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.
He has been pitchforked into the footguards. G. A. Sala.

Pitchiness

Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.

Pitching

Pitch"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild pitching in baseball.

2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone. Mayhew.

3. (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents. Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the sloping parts are supported.

Pitch-ore

Pitch"-ore` (?), n. (Min.) Pitchblende.

Pitchstone

Pitch"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like pitch.

Pitchwork

Pitch"work` (?), n. The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.

Pitchy

Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st Pitch.]

1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.

2. Smeared with pitch.

3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.

Piteous

Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.]

1. Pious; devout. [Obs.]

The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation. Wyclif.

2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender. "[She] piteous of his case." Pope.

She was so charitable and so pitous. Chaucer.

3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable; sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser.

The most piteous tale of Lear. Shak.

4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton. Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad; wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate. -- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Pit"e*ous*ness, n.

Pitfall

Pit"fall` (?), n. A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or men; a trap of any kind. Sir T. North.

Pitfalling

Pit"fall`ing, a. Entrapping; insnaring. [R.] "Full of . . . contradiction and pitfalling dispenses." Milton.

Pith

Pith (?), n. [AS. pi; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf. Pit a kernel.]

1. (Bot.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.

2. (a) (Zo\'94l.) The spongy interior substance of a feather. (b) (Anat.) The spinal cord; the marrow.

3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, the speech lacked pith.

Enterprises of great pith and moment. Shak.
Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice.

Pith

Pith, v. t. (Physiol.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.

Pitheci

Pi*the"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the sense of Primates.

Pithecoid

Pith"e*coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. Of or pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily Pithecin\'91, which includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys.

2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the higher apes of the Old World, collectively.

Pithful

Pith"ful (?), a. Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne.

Pithily

Pith"i*ly (?), adv. In a pithy manner.

Pithiness

Pith"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being pithy.

Pithless

Pith"less, a. Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble. Dryden. "Pithless argumentation." Glandstone.

Pit-hole

Pit"-hole` (?), n. A pit; a pockmark.

Pithsome

Pith"some (?), a. Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R. D. Blackmore.

Pithy

Pith"y (?), a. [Compar. Pithier (?); superl. Pithiest.]

1. Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a pithy stem; a pithy fruit.

2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.

This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed. Dryden.
In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy. Addison.
Pithy gall (Zo\'94l.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).
Page 1092

Pitiable

Pit"i*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.] Deserving pity; wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous; as, pitiable persons; a pitiable condition; pitiable wretchedness. Syn. -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous. -- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pit"i*a*bly, adv.

Pitier

Pit"i*er (?), n. One who pities. Gauden.

Pitiful

Pit"i*ful (?), a.

1. Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful; sympathetic.

The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.

2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.

A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible. Spenser.

3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry; contemptible; despicable.

That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. Shak.
Syn. -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible. -- Pit"i*ful*ly, adv. -- Pit"i*ful*ness, n.

Pitiless

Pit"i*less, a.

1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a pitilessmaster; pitiless elements.

2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition. -- Pit"i*less*ly, adv. -- Pit"i*less*ness, n.

Pitman

Pit"man (?), n.; pl. Pitmen (.

1. One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.

2. (Mach.) The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a connecting rod in other machinery.

Pitot's tube

Pi*tot's" tube` (?). (Hydraul.) A bent tube used to determine the velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of current meter.

Pitpan

Pit"pan` (?), n. A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers and lagoons in Central America. Squier.

Pitpat

Pit"pat` (?), n. & adv. See Pitapat.

Pitta

Pit"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family Pittid\'91. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not related to the true thrushes. &hand; The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.

Pittacal

Pit"ta*cal (?), n. [Gr. pittacale.] (Chem.) A dark blue substance obtained from wood tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark blue.

Pittance

Pit"tance (?), n. [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It. pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.]

1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer.

One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money. Macaulay.

2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary or compensation. "The small pittance of learning they received." Swift.

The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.

Pitted

Pit"ted (?), a.

1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.

2. (Bot.) Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular parts of vegetable tissue.

Pitter

Pit"ter (?), n. A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches, plums, and other stone fruit.

Pitter

Pit"ter, v. i. To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering streams. [Obs.] R. Greene.

Pittle-pattle

Pit"tle-pat`tle (?), v. i. To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle. [R.] Latimer.

Pituitary

Pi*tu"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F. pituitarie.] (Anat.) (a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities. (b) Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa. Pituitary body ∨ gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function, situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis. -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium. <-- glandula pituitaria, basilaris. Suspended from the base of the hypothalamus. secretes pituitary hormones: oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone; somatotropins, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, gonadotropins, adrenal corticotropin and other peptide hormones. Called the "master gland" -->

Pituite

Pit"u*ite (?), n. [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of fowls.] Mucus, phlegm.

Pituitous

Pi*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.] Consisting of, or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus. Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric fever.

Pity

Pit"y (?), n.; pl. Pities (#). [OE. pite, OF. pit\'82, piti\'82, F. piti\'82, L. pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.]

1. Piety. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; fellow-feeling; commiseration.

He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. Prov. xix. 17.
He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. Shak.

3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be regretted. "The more the pity." Shak.

What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country! Addison.
&hand; In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities." Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. -- Pity, Sympathy, Compassion. Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or inevitable misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering, but weak, and hence as inferior.

Pity

Pit"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.]

1. To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.

Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.

2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.]

It pitieth them to see her in the dust. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

Pity

Pit"y, v. i. To be compassionate; to show pity.
I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. Jer. xiii. 14.

Pitying

Pit"y*ing, a. Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word. -- Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.

Pityriasis

Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike particles. Pityriasis versicolor [NL.] (Med.), a parasitic disease of the skin, characterized by the development of reddish or brownish patches.

Pityroid

Pit"y*roid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Having the form of, or resembling, bran. Smart.

Pi\'97

Pi"\'97 (?), adv. [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.) A little more; as, pi\'97 allegro, a little more briskly.

Pivot

Piv"ot (?), n. [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See Pipe.]

1. A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body turns.

2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as, the pivot of an arbor in a watch.

3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise.

4. (Mil.) The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot man. Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot span, turns about a central vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. -- Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a natural tooth by a pin or peg.

Pivot

Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.] To place on a pivot. Clarke.

Pivotal

Piv"ot*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.

Pix

Pix (?), n. & v. See Pyx.

Pixy, Pixie

Pix"y, Pix"ie (?), n.; pl. Pixies (#). [For Pucksy, from Puck.]

1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.]

2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.), a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]

Pixy-led

Pix"y-led` (?), a. Led by pixies; bewildered.

Pizzicato

Piz`zi*ca"to (?). [It., pinched.] (Mus.) A direction to violinists to pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev. pizz.)

Pizzle

Piz"zle (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D. pees a tendon or spring.] The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the bull. Shak.

Placability

Pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable disposition.

Placable

Pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify: cf. F. placable. See Placate.] Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.
Methought I saw him placable and mild. Milton.

Placableness

Pla"ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being placable.

Placard

Pla*card" (?), n. [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate, tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a flat piece of wood.]

1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority. [Obs.]

All placards or edicts are published in his name. Howell.

2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to do something. [Obs.] ller.

3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration, posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.

4. (Anc. Armor) An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or backplate. Planch\'82.

5. [Cf. Placket.] A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn in the fifteenth century and later.

Placard

Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Placarding.]

1. To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard the city.

2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale.

Placate

Plac"ate (?), n. Same as Placard, 4 & 5.

Placate

Pla"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Placating.] [L. placatus, p.p. of placare to placate, akin to placere to please. See Please.] To appease; to pacify; to concilate. "Therefore is he always propitiated and placated." Cudworth.

Placation

Pla*ca"tion (?), n. [L. placatio.] The act of placating. [R.] Puttenham (1589).

Place

Place (?), n. [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from Gr. platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad; akin to Skr. p&rsdot;thu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.]

1. Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position; ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.

Here is the place appointed. Shak.
What place can be for us Within heaven's bound? Milton.
The word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place. Locke.

2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short part of a street open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market place." Shak.

3. A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a region or country.

Are you native of this place? Shak.

4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also, official station; occupation; calling. "The enervating magic of place." Hawthorne.

Men in great place are thrice servants. Bacon.
I know my place as I would they should do theirs. Shak.

5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or removal of another being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord Bassanio." Shak.

6. A definite position or passage of a document.

The place of the scripture which he read was this. Acts viii. 32.

7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said in the first place.

8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for.

My word hath no place in you. John viii. 37.

9. (Astron.) Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; -- usually defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude and longitude. Place of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals, magazines, etc. Wilhelm. -- High place (Script.), a mount on which sacrifices were offered. "Him that offereth in the high place." Jer. xlviii. 35. -- In place, in proper position; timely. -- Out of place, inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of place. -- Place kick (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed on the ground. -- Place name, the name of a place or locality. London Academy. -- To give place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to give advantage. "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let all the rest give place." Shak. -- To have place, to have a station, room, or seat; as, such desires can have no place in a good heart. -- To take place. (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will not take place. (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c) To take effect; to prevail. "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley. "But none of these excuses would take place." Spenser. -- To take the place of, to be substituted for. Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site; spot; office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead.

Place

Place (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Placing (?).] [Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.]

1. To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls in tennis.

Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. Shak.

2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround with particular circumstances or relations in life; to appoint to certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever sphere one is placed.

Place such over them to be rulers. Ex. xviii. 21.

3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in a bank.

4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend. "My resolution 's placed." Shak.

5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.

Place it for her chief virtue. Shak.
To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.] Syn. -- See Put.

Placebo

Pla*ce"bo (?), n. [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.

2. (Med.) A prescription intended to humor or satisfy. To sing placebo, to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant to. Chaucer. <-- placebo effect -->

Placeful

Place"ful (?), a. In the appointed place. [Obs.]

Placeless

Place"less, a. Having no place or office.

Placeman

Place"man (?), n.; pl. Placemen (. One who holds or occupies a place; one who has office under government. Sir W. Scott.

Placement

Place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. placement.]

1. The act of placing, or the state of being placed.

2. Position; place.

Placenta

Pla*cen"ta (?), n.; pl. L. Placent\'91 (#), E. Placentas (#). [L., a cake, Gr.

1. (Anat.) The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth. &hand; In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus establish a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself does not flow from one to the other.

2. (Bot.) The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are attached.

Placental

Pla*cen"tal (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.

Placental

Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Placentalia.
Page 1093

Placentalia

Plac`en*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Mammalia including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the marsupials.

Placentary

Pla*cen"ta*ry (?), a. Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.

Placentation

Plac`en*ta"tion (?), n.

1. (Anat.) The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals; as, the placentation of mammals.

2. (Bot.) The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as, axile placentation; parietal placentation.

Placentiferous

Plac`en*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having or producing a placenta.

Placentiform

Pla*cen"ti*form (?), a. [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the middle.

Placentious

Pla*cen"tious (?), a. [See Please.] Pleasing; amiable. [Obs.] "A placentious person." Fuller.

Place-proud

Place"-proud` (?), a. Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl.

Placer

Pla"cer (?), n. One who places or sets. Spenser.

Placer

Plac"er (?), n. [Sp.] A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]

Placet

Pla"cet (?), n. [L. placet it pleases.]

1. A vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an ecclesiastical council, etc.

2. The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley.

The king . . . annulled the royal placet. J. P. Peters.

Placid

Plac"id (?), a. [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.] Pleased; contented; unruffied; undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid aspect and meek regard." Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of infancy." Macaulay.

Placidity

Pla*cid"i*ty (?), n. [L. placiditas: cf. F. placidit\'82.] The quality or state of being placid; calmness; serenity. Hawthorne.

Placidly

Plac"id*ly (?), adv. In a placid manner.

Placidness

Plac"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being placid.

Placit

Plac"it (?), n. [L. placitum. See Plea.] A decree or determination; a dictum. [Obs.] "The placits and opinions of other philosophers." Evelyn.

Placitory

Plac"i*to*ry (?), a. [See Placit.] Of or pertaining to pleas or pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.] Clayton.

Placitum

Plac"i*tum (?), n.; pl. Placita (#). [LL. See Placit.]

1. A public court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign president when a consultation was held upon affairs of state. Brande & C.

2. (Old Eng. Law) A court, or cause in court.

3. (Law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill.

Plack

Plack (?), n. [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.] A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent.
With not a plack in the pocket of the poet. Prof. Wilson.

Placket

Plack"et (?), n. [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.]

1. A petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in putting it on; -- called also placket hole.

3. A woman's pocket.

Placoderm

Plac"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) One of the Placodermi.

Placodermal

Plac`o*der"mal (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the placoderms; like the placoderms.

Placodermata

Plac`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Placodermi.

Placodermi

Plac`o*der"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. The body and head were covered with large bony plates. See Illust. under Pterichthys, and Coccosteus.

Placoganoid

Plac`o*ga"noid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.

Placoganoidei

Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoidei.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.

Placoid

Plac"oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.

Placoid

Plac"oid, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks. (b) One of the Placoides.

Placoides

Pla*coi"des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of fishes including the sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also Placoidei.

Placoidian

Pla*coid"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the placoids.

Placophora

Pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also Polyplacophora. See Illust. under Chiton, and Isopleura.

Plaga

Pla"ga (?), n.; pl. Plag\'91 (#). [L. pl\'bega a blow, a welt, a stripe.] (Zo\'94l.) A stripe of color.

Plagal

Pla"gal (?), a. [F., from Gr. (Mus.) Having a scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said of certain old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called authentic, which ran from the tonic to its octave. Plagal cadence, a cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is preceded by the chord on the subdominant.

Plagate

Pla"gate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having plag\'91, or irregular enlongated color spots.

Plage

Plage (?), n. [F., fr. L. plaga.] A region; country. [Obs.] "The plages of the north." Chaucer.

Plagiarism

Pla"gia*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. plagiarisme.]

1. The act or practice of plagiarizing.

2. That which plagiarized.

Plagiarist

Pla"gia*rist (?), n. One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a plagiary.

Plagiarize

Pla"gia*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plagiarizing.] To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another).

Plagiary

Pla"gia*ry, v. i. To commit plagiarism.

Plagiary

Pla"gia*ry (?), n.; pl. Plagiaries (#). [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a literary thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.]

1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.]

2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as his own; a plagiarist. Dryden.

3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton.

Plagiary

Pla"gia*ry, a.

1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne.

2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall.

Plagihedral

Pla`gi*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. (Crystallog.) Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.

Plagiocephalic

Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

Plagiocephaly

Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly (?), n. (Anat.) Oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

Plagioclase

Pla"gi*o*clase (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under Feldspar.

Plagionite

Pla"gi*o*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A sulphide of lead and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.

Plagiostomatous

Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Plagiostomous.

Plagiostome

Pla"gi*o*stome (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Plagiostomi.

Plagiostomi

Pla`gi*os"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; -- called also Plagiostomata.

Plagiostomous

Pla`gi*os"to*mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi.

Plagiotremata

Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta (?), n. pl.; [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lepidosauria.

Plagiotropic

Pla`gi*o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.

Plagium

Pla"gi*um (?), n. [L.] (Civil Law) Manstealing; kidnaping.

Plagose

Pla*gose" (?), a. [L. plagosus. See Plague.] Fond of flogging; as, a plagose master. [R.]

Plague

Plague (?), n. [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. plangere to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.]

1. That which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak.

And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail. Wyclif.
The different plague of each calamity. Shak.

2. (Med.) An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson. Cattle plague. See Rinderpest. -- Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.

Plague

Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.]

1. To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind.

Thus were they plagued And worn with famine. Milton.

2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.

She will plague the man that loves her most. Spenser.
Syn. -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease; tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.

Plagueful

Plague"ful (?), a. Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; as, plagueful exhalations.

Plagueless

Plague"less, a. Free from plagues or the plague.

Plaguer

Pla"guer (?), n. One who plagues or annoys.

Plaguily

Pla"gui*ly (?), adv. In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely. [Colloq.] "Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor.

Plaguy

Pla"guy (?), a. Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse. [Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud." Shak.

Plaice

Plaice (?), n. [F. plaise, plais, prob. fr. L. platessa flatish, plaice. See Place.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes platessa), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more. (b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys dentatus; called also brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. The name is sometimes applied to other allied species. [Written also plaise.] Plaice mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth. [R.] B. Jonson.

Plaid

Plaid (?), n. [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid a sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.]

1. A rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.

2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.

Plaid

Plaid, a. Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid; checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one another; as, plaid muslin.

Plaided

Plaid"ed, a.

1. Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan. "In plaided vest." Wordsworth.

2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell.

Plaiding

Plaid"ing (?), n. Plaid cloth.

Plain

Plain (?), v. i. [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.] To lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton.
We with piteous heart unto you pleyne. Chaucer.

Plain

Plain, v. t. To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic & Poetic] Sir J. Harrington.

Plain

Plain, a. [Compar. Plainer (?); superl. Plainest.] [F., level, flat, fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano, Plan, Plane level, a level surface.]

1. Without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See Plane.

The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. Isa. xl. 4.

2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.

Our troops beat an army in plain fight. Felton.

3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear; unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak.

4. (a) Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious embellishment; not rich; simple. (b) Not highly cultivated; unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely; common. "Plain yet pious Christians." Hammond. "The plain people." A. Lincoln. (c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless; honest; frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak. (d) Not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food. (e) Without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman. (f) Not variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin. (g) Not much varied by modulations; as, a plain tune. Plain battle, open battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Plain chant (Mus.) Same as Plain song, below. -- Plain chart (Naut.), a chart laid down on Mercator's projection. -- Plain dealer. (a) One who practices plain dealing. (b) A simpleton. [Obs.] Shak. -- Plain dealing. See under Dealing. -- Plain molding (Join.), molding of which the surfaces are plain figures. -- Plain sewing, sewing of seams by simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery, etc.; -- distinguished also from designing and fitting garments. -- Plain song. (a) The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the prescribed melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of equal length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave. (b) A simple melody. -- Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of speech. Syn. -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright; blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See Manifest.

Plain

Plain, adv. In a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn." Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak.

Plain

Plain, n. [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.]

1. Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the plain of Jordan; the American plains, or prairies.

Descending fro the mountain into playn. Chaucer.
Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain. Milton.

2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Lead forth my soldiers to the plain. Shak.

Plain

Plain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.] [Cf. Plane, v.]

1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface. [R.]

We would rake Europe rather, plain the East. Wither.

2. To make plain or manifest; to explain.

What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech. Shak.

Plainant

Plain"ant (?), n. [See 1st Plain.] (Law) One who makes complaint; the plaintiff. [Obs.]

Plain-dealing

Plain"-deal`ing (?), a. Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain dealing, under Dealing. Shak.

Plain-hearted

Plain"-heart`ed (?), a. Frank; sincere; artless. Milton. -- Plain"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Plaining

Plain"ing, n. Complaint. [Poetic] Shak.

Plaining

Plain"ing, a. Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant.

Plain-laid

Plain"-laid` (?), a. (Naut.) Consisting of strands twisted together in the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

Plainly

Plain"ly, adv. In a plain manner; clearly.

Plainness

Plain"ness, n. The quality or state of being plain.

Plainsman

Plains"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One who lives in the plains.

Plain-spoken

Plain"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden.

Plaint

Plaint (?), n. [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere, planctum (plancta, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf. Complain, Plague, Plangent.]

1. Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The Psalmist's mournful plaint." Wordsworth.

2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury.

There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two upon defense. Bacon.

3. (Law) A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing. Blackstone.

Page 1094

Plaintful

Plaint"ful (?), a. Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney.

Plaintiff

Plain"tiff (?), n. [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old French equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See Plaint, and cf. Plaintive.] (Law) One who commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to defendant.

Plaintiff

Plain"tiff, a. See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior.

Plaintive

Plain"tive (?), a. [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.]

1. Repining; complaining; lamenting. Dryden.

2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad. "The most plaintive ditty." Landor. -- Plain"tive*ly, adv. -- Plain"tive*ness, n.

Plaintless

Plaint"less (?), a. Without complaint; unrepining. "Plaintless patience." Savage.

Plaisance

Plai`sance" (?), n. [F.] See Pleasance.

Plaise

Plaise (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Plaice. [Obs.]

Plaister

Plais"ter (?), n. [Obs.] See Plaster.

Plait

Plait (?), n. [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p.p. of plicare to fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat to weave, Pleat, Plight fold.]

1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait.

The plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addison.

2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat. Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica.

Plait

Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.]

1. To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a ruffle.

2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to plait hair; to plait rope.

Plaited

Plait"ed, a. Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved; intricate; artful.
Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. Shak.

Plaiter

Plait"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plaits.

Plan

Plan (?), n. [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.]

1. A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.

2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition.

God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith.

3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.

The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they should keep who can. Wordsworth.
Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc. Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; contrivance; device. See Scheme.

Plan

Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.]

1. To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram.

2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country.

Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.

Planaria

Pla*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. Planari\'91 (#), E. -rias (#). [NL. See Planary.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to Planaria, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.

Planarian

Pla*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Planarida, or Dendroc\'d2la; any turbellarian worm. -- Pla*na"ri*an, a.

Planarida

Pla*nar"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Turbellaria; the Dendroc\'d2la.

Planarioid

Pla*na"ri*oid (?), a. [Planaria + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like the planarians.

Planary

Pla"na*ry (?), a. [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.] Of or pertaining to a plane. [R.]

Planch

Planch (?), n. [F. planche.] A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Planch

Planch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.] [F. planche a board, plank. See Plank.] To make or cover with planks or boards; to plank. [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a planched gate." Shak.

Plancher

Planch"er (?), n. [F., planche. See Planch.]

1. A floor of wood; also, a plank. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Arch.) The under side of a cornice; a soffit.

Plancher

Planch"er, v. t. To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding.

Planchet

Planch"et (?), n. [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche. See Planch.] A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be stamped as a coin.

Planchette

Plan`chette" (?), n. [F. See Planchet.]

1. A circumferentor. See Circumferentor.

2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes translated as of oracular or supernatural import.

Planching

Planch"ing (?), n. The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.

Plane

Plane (?), n. [F., fr. L. platanus, Gr. Place, and cf. Platane, Plantain the tree.] (Bot.) Any tree of the genus Platanus. &hand; The Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (Platanus occidentalis), which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it is popularly called sycamore, buttonwood, and buttonball, names also applied to the California species (Platanus racemosa).

Plane

Plane (?), a. [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan, a.] Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface. &hand; In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface. Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane. -- Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve. -- Plane figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines it is a curvilinear plane figure. -- Plane geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures. -- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically by the aid of the right line and circle only. -- Plane sailing (Naut.), the method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that the earth's surface is a plane. -- Plane scale (Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. -- Plane surveying, surveying in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent. -- Plane table, an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the field. -- Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles.

Plane

Plane, n. [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.]

1. (Geom.) A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without curvature.

2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the equator.

3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate.

4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc. Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is supposed to stand. -- Perspective plane. See Perspective. -- Plane at infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely distant are conceived as situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane. -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. -- Plane of projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is made, corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; -- called also principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position in space. -- Plane of refraction ∨ reflection (Opt.), the plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected ray.

Plane

Plane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] [Cf. F. planer, L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and cf. Planish.]

1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to plane a plank.

2. To efface or remove.

He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. Chaucer.

3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.]

What student came but that you planed her path. Tennyson.

Plane-parallel

Plane`-par"al*lel (?), a. (Optics) Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.

Planer

Plan"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine for planing wood or metals.

2. (Print.) A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, and making the surface even. Hansard. Planer centers. See under Center.

Planer tree

Plan"er tree` (?). [From J.S.Planer, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related to the elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.

Planet

Plan"et (?), n. [OE. planete, F. plan\'8ate, L. planeta, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.) A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See Solar system. &hand; The term planet was first used to distinguish those stars which have an apparent motion through the constellations from the fixed stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The inferior planets are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the earth; the superior planets are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is the earth. Primary planets are those which revolve about the sun; secondary planets, or moons, are those which revolve around the primary planets as satellites, and at the same time revolve with them about the sun.

2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men.

There's some ill planet reigns. Shak.
Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. -- Planet wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.

Plane table

Plane" ta`ble (?). See under Plane, a.

Planetarium

Plan`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. plan\'82taire. See Planetary.] An orrery. See Orrery. <-- since the 1930's, orrery has retained its original meaning, but planetarium now refers primarily to a room with a dome-shaped roof, in which images of the night sky are projected from a central projector. The projector itself is also called a planetarium. -->

Planetary

Plan"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F. plan\'82taire planetary. See Planet.]

1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.

2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.

3. (Astrol.) Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in the planetary hours." Drayton.

4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.

5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering. "Erratical and planetary life." Fuller. Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known to the ancients, each having its day. Hutton. -- Planetary nebula, a nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.

Planeted

Plan"et*ed, a. Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.

Planetic, Planetical

Pla*net"ic (?), Pla*net"ic*al (?), a. [L. planeticus, Gr. Of or pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.

Planetoid

Plan"et*oid (?), n. [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.) A body resembling a planet; an asteroid.

Planetoidal

Plan"et*oid*al (?), a. Pertaining to a planetoid.

Plane tree

Plane" tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as 1st Plane.

Planet-stricken, Planet-struck

Plan"et-strick`en (?), Plan"et-struck` (?), a. Affected by the influence of planets; blasted. Milton.
Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core By strong compunction and remorse. Wordsworth.

Planetule

Plan"et*ule (?), n. A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.

Plangency

Plan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being plangent; a beating sound. [R.]

Plangent

Plan"gent (?), a. [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See Plaint.] Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H. Taylor.

Plani-, Plano-

Plan"i- (?), Plan"o- (?). [L. planus. See Plane, a.] Combining forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry, plano-concave.

Planifolious

Plan`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Flat-leaved.

Planiform

Plan"i*form (?), a. (Anat.) Having a plane surface; as, a planiform, gliding, or arthrodial articulation.

Planimeter

Pla*nim"e*ter (?), n. [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.] An instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.

Planimetric; 277, Planimetrical

Plan`i*met"ric (?; 277), Plan`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. planim\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to planimetry.

Planimetry

Pla*nim"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. planim\'82trie.] The mensuration of plane surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration of volumes.

Planing

Plan"ing (?), a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. Planing machine. (a) See Planer. (b) A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it by feeding apparatus.

Planipennate

Pla`ni*pen"nate (?), a. Of or pertaining to Planipennia.

Planipennia

Pla`ni*pen"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.

Planipetalous

Plan`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.) Having flat petals.

Planish

Plan"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planishing.] [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.] To make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.

Planisher

Plan"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.

Planishing

Plan"ish*ing, a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t. Planishing rolls (Coining), rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness.

Planisphere

Plan"i*sphere (?), n. [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisph\'8are. See Plain, and Sphere.] The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or hour.

Planispheric

Plan`i*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a planisphere.

Plank

Plank (?), n. [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L. planca; cf. Gr. Planch.]

1. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. See Board.

2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.

His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and bitter-minded bigot. Southey.

3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant] Plank road, ∨ Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] -- To walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of disposing of captives practiced by pirates.

Page 1095

Plank

Plank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]

1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship. "Planked with pine." Dryden.

2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]

3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.

4. (Wooden Manuf.) To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing. Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before a wood fire.

Planking

Plank"ing, n.

1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.

2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.

Plank-sheer

Plank"-sheer` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.

Planless

Plan"less (?), a. Having no plan.

Planner

Plan"ner (?), n. One who plans; a projector.

Plano-

Pla"no- (?). See Plani-.

Planoblast

Plan"o*blast (?), n. [Gr. -blast.] (Zo\'94l.) Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.

Plano-concave

Pla"no-con"cave (?), a. [Plano- + concave.] Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.

Plano-conical

Pla"no-con"ic*al (?), a. [Plano- + conical.] Plane or flat on one side, and conical on the other. Grew.

Plano-convex

Pla"no-con"vex (?), a. [Plano- + convex.] Plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and Lens.

Plano-horizontal

Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Plano- + horizontal.] Having a level horizontal surface or position. Lee.

Planometer

Pla*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.] An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.

Planometry

Pla*nom"e*try (?), n. (Mech.) The art or process of producing or gauging a plane surface.

Plano-orbicular

Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [Plano- + orbicular.] Plane or flat on one side, and spherical on the other.

Planorbis

Pla*nor"bis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.] (Zo\'94l.) Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to Planorbis and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.

Plano-subulate

Pla"no-su"bu*late (?), a. [Plano- + subulate.] Smooth and awl-shaped. See Subulate.

Plant

Plant (?), n. [AS. plante, L. planta.]

1. A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule. &hand; Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into two series, ph\'91nogamous or flowering plants, which have true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting. The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion of zo\'94spores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion.

2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant of stubborn oak." Dryden.

3. The sole of the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B. Jonson.

4. (Com.) The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.

5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang]

It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. Dickens.

6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting. [Local, U.S.] <-- a person who joins a group, to spy on them on behalf of another person or group --> Plant bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and trees. -- Plant cutter (Zo\'94l.), a South American passerine bird of the genus Phytotoma, family Phytotomid\'91. It has a serrated bill with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much injury. -- Plant louse (Zo\'94l.), any small hemipterous insect which infests plants, especially those of the families Aphid\'91 and Psyllid\'91; an aphid.

Plant

Plant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.] [AS. plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.]

1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize.

2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots.

Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. Deut. xvi. 21.

3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest.

4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.

It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak.

5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a colony.

Planting of countries like planting of woods. Bacon.

6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant Christianity among the heathen.

7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.

8. To set up; to install; to instate.

We will plant some other in the throne. Shak.

Plant

Plant, v. i. To perform the act of planting.
I have planted; Apollos watered. 1 Cor. iii. 6.

Plantable

Plant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B. Edwards.

Plantage

Plant"age (?), n. A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants in general, or anything that is planted.
As true as steel, as plantage to the moon. Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).

Plantain

Plan"tain (?), n. [Cf. F. plantain-arbre, plantanier, Sp. pl\'a0ntano, pl\'a0tano; prob. same word as plane tree.]

1. (Bot.) A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called plantains. See Musa. <-- a type of banana -->

2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked.<-- resembling the banana of commerce, but smaller --> Plantain cutter, ∨ Plantain eater (Zo\'94l.), any one of several large African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagid\'91, especially Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos. -- Plantain squirrel (Zo\'94l.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani) which feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).

Plantain

Plan"tain, n. [F., fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world. Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves. -- Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white. -- Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of North America. -- Water plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon.

Plantal

Plant"al (?), a. [L. planta a plant.] Belonging to plants; as, plantal life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Plantar

Plan"tar (?), a. [L. plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the foot.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.

Plantation

Plan*ta"tion (?), n. [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.]

1. The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth. [R.]

2. The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States and West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as, a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.

3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony.

While these plantations were forming in Connecticut. B. Trumbull.

Plant-cane

Plant"-cane` (?), n. A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality, and is called rattoon.

Plant-eating

Plant"-eat`ing (?), a. Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle.

Planted

Plant"ed (?), a. (Joinery) Fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.

Planter

Plant"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a machine planter.

2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a coffee planter.

3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first planters in Virginia. <-- a movable box or a fixed low, open structure, as of brick, in which plants are grown for decorative purposes. -->

Plantership

Plant"er*ship, n. The occupation or position of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies.

Planticle

Plant"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of Plant.] A young plant, or plant in embryo. E. Darwin.

Plantigrada

Plan`ti*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of Carnivora having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied species.

Plantigrade

Plan"ti*grade (?), a. [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk: cf. F. plantigrade.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so formed that the heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.

Plantigrade

Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zo\'94l.) A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.

Planting

Plant"ing (?), n.

1. The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.

2. That which is planted; a plantation.

Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord. Isa. lxi. 3.

3. (Arch.) The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation. [Eng.]

Plantless

Plant"less, a. Without plants; barren of vegetation.

Plantlet

Plant"let, n. A little plant.

Plantocracy

Plan*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by planters; planters, collectively. [R.]

Plantule

Plant"ule (?), n. [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.) The embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.

Planula

Plan"u*la (?), n.; pl. Planul\'91 (#). [L., a little plane.]

1. (Biol.) In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.<-- now usu. gastrula -->

2. (Zo\'94l.) The very young, free-swimming larva of the c\'d2lenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.

Planxty

Planx"ty (?), n. [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.) An Irish or Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.

Plaque

Plaque (?), n. [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.] Any flat, thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.

Plash

Plash (?), n. [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.]

1. A small pool of standing water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow plashes." Barrow.

2. A dash of water; a splash.

Plash

Plash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] [Cf. D. plassen, G. platschen. Cf. Splash.] To dabble in water; to splash. "Plashing among bedded pebbles." Keats.
Far below him plashed the waters. Longfellow.

Plash

Plash, v. t.

1. To splash, as water.

2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in imitation of granite.

Plash

Plash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] [OF. plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf. Pleach.] To cut partly, or to bend and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge. Evelyn.

Plash

Plash, n. The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other branches.

Plashet

Plash"et (?), n. [Plash + -et.] A small pond or pool; a puddle.

Plashing

Plash"ing, n.

1. The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in hedges.

2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of buildings, to imitate granite, etc.

Plashoot

Plash"oot (?), n. A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or plashed. [Obs.] Carew.

Plashy

Plash"y (?), a. [From 1st Plash.]

1. Watery; abounding with puddles; splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton. "The plashy earth." Wordsworth.

2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats.

Plasm

Plasm (?), n. [L. plasma anything formed or molded, that which is molded, Gr. plasme. Cf. Plasma.]

1. A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a particular shape. [R.] Woodward.

2. (Biol.) Same as Plasma.

Plasma

Plas"ma (?), n. [See Plasm.]

1. (Min.) A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.

2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.

3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.

4. (Med.) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments. U. S. Disp. <-- = blood plasma --> <-- 6. (physics) a state of matter in which charged particles have sufficient energy to move freely, rather than bound in atoms as in ordinary matter; it has some of the properties of a gas, but is a conductor of electricity; plasmas are found naturally in the atmosphere of stars, and can be created in special laboratory apparatus --> Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the red and white blood corpuscles are suspended. -- Muscle plasma (Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.

Page 1096

Plasmatic, Plasmatical

Plas*mat"ic (?), Plas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.

1. Forming; shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma; containing, or conveying, plasma.

Plasmation

Plas*ma"tion (?), n. [L. plasmatio.] The act of forming or molding. [R.] Grafton.

Plasmator

Plas*ma"tor (?), n. [L.] A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign plasmator, God Almighty." Urquhart.

Plasmature

Plas"ma*ture (?), n. Form; mold. [R.]

Plasmic

Plas"mic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma; plasmatic. <-- Plasmid, n. A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease. . -->

Plasmin

Plas"min (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid body, separated by some physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with fibrinogen.

Plasmodial

Plas*mo"di*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to, or like, a plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle.

Plasmodium

Plas*mo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Plasmodia (#). [NL. See Plasma.]

1. (Biol.) A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of am\'d2boid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of several am\'d2balike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms. <-- (a) a genus of microorganisms (b) an individual malarial parasite cell. -->

Plasmogen

Plas"mo*gen (?), n. [Plasma + -gen.] (Biol.) The important living portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.

Plasson

Plas"son (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The albuminous material composing the body of a cytode. &hand; It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in that it has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus and the outer cell substance. Haeckel.

Plaster

Plas"ter (?), n. [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr. plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F. pl\'83tre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster, Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.]

1. (Med.) An external application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster.

2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See Mortar.

3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer. Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold. -- Plaster of Paris. [So called because originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum. -- Plaster of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint.<-- = plaster cast, cast --> -- Plaster stone, any species of gypsum. See Gypsum.

Plaster

Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plastered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plastering.] [Cf. OF. plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F. pl\'83trer.]

1. To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.

2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a house.

3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster. Bale.

Plasterer

Plas"ter*er (?), n.

1. One who applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father was a plasterer." Shak.

2. One who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures by addition." Sir H. Wotton.

Plastering

Plas"ter*ing, n.

1. Same as Plaster, n., 2.

2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster.

3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.

Plasterly

Plas"ter*ly, a. Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or plasterly ground." Fuller.

Plasterwork

Plas"ter*work` (?), n. Plastering used to finish architectural constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.

Plastery

Plas"ter*y, a. Of the nature of plaster.
The stone . . . is a poor plastery material. Clough.

-plastic

-plas"tic (?). [Gr. A combining form signifying developing, forming, growing; as, heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic.

Plastic

Plas"tic (?), a. [L. plasticus, Gr. plastique.]

1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior.

See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope.

2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; -- used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.

3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts.

Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford.
<-- composed of a plastic substance --> Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so called because used in making pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a higher form. -- Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of healing is effected. -- Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note under Food. -- Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force. -- Plastic operation, an operation in plastic surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body. <-- plastic, n. a substance composed predominantly of a synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded; many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905] -->

Plastical

Plas"tic*al (?), a. See Plastic. [R.]

Plastically

Plas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a plastic manner.

Plasticity

Plas*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plasticit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being plastic.

2. (Physiol.) Plastic force. Dunglison.

Plastid, Plastide

Plas"tid (?), Plas"tide (?), n. [Gr.

1. (Biol.) A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel.

2. (Bot.) One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.

Plastidozoa

Plas`ti*do*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Protoza.

Plastidule

Plas"ti*dule (?), n. [Dim. fr. Plastid.] (Biol.) One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm. Haeckel.

Plastin

Plas"tin (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A substance associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the fundamental substance of the nucleus.

Plastography

Plas*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.

1. The art of forming figures in any plastic material.

2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.

Plastron

Plas"tron (?), n. [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a thin plate of metal. See Plaster.]

1. A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast. Dryden.

3. (Anc. Armor) An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.

3. (Anat.) The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See Testudinata.

4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.

-plasty

-plas"ty (?). [Gr. A combining form denoting the act or process of forming, development, growth; as, autoplasty, perineoplasty.

Plat

Plat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] [See Plait.] To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29.

Plat

Plat, n. Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.
Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.

Plat

Plat, n. [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a piece of ground.] A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.
This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton.
I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.

Plat

Plat, v. t. To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.

Plat

Plat, a. [F. plat. See Plate, n.] Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.

Plat

Plat, adv.

1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.]

But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R.

2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.

Plat

Plat, n.

1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat." Hakluyt.

Platan

Plat"an (?), n. [L. platanus. See Plane the tree.] [Written also platane.] The plane tree. Tennyson.

Platanist

Plat"a*nist (?), n. [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. plataniste.] (Zo\'94l.) The soosoo.

Platanus

Plat"a*nus (?), n. [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees; the plane tree.

Platband

Plat"band` (?), n. [F. plate-bande; plat, plate, flat, level + bande a band.]

1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a border.

2. (Arch.) (a) A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave. (b) A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.

Plate

Plate (?), n. [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a plate, a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat flat, Gr. Place, n.]

1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal; as, a steel plate.

2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.

Mangled . . . through plate and mail. Milton.

3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc., wrought in gold or silver.

4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is genuine silver or gold.

5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.

6. [Cf. Sp. plata silver.] A piece of money, usually silver money. [Obs.] "Realms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket." Shak.

7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a book illustrated with plates; a fashion plate.

8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from; as, publisher's plates.

9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber, celluloid, etc.

10. (Arch.) A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of the roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.

11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.

12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that is sensitive to light.

13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest. &hand; Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as, plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or plate-rack. Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. -- Plate armor. (a) See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels, fortifications, and the like. -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or scapula. -- Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together. -- Plate glass. See under Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates. -- Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes them to the sleepers or ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a press with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved steel or copper plates. -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved plates. -- Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an engraved plate or plates. -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery. -- Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes.

Plate

Plate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.]

1. To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as electrotyping.

2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for defense.

Thus plated in habiliments of war. Shak.

3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness.

4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or lamin\'91.

5. To calender; as, to plate paper.

Plateau

Pla*teau" (?), n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. , E. Plateaus (#). [F., fr. OF. platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.]

1. A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table-land.

2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.

Plateful

Plate"ful (?), n.; pl. Platefuls (. Enough to fill a plate; as much as a plate will hold.

Plate-gilled

Plate"-gilled` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the bivalve mollusks.

Platel

Pla"tel (?), n. [OF. See Plateau.] A small dish.

Platen

Plat"en (?), n. [F. platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate, and cf. Platin.] (Mach.) (a) The part of a printing press which presses the paper against the type and by which the impression is made. (b) Hence, an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive an impression. (c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; -- also called table.

Plater

Plat"er (?), n. One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver; as, a silver plater.

2. A machine for calendering paper.

Plateresque

Plat`er*esque" (?), a. [Sp. resco, from plata silver.] (Arch.) Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural ornaments.

Platetrope

Plat"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) One of a pair of a paired organs.

Platform

Plat"form` (?), n. [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.]

1. A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.]

lf the platform just reflects the order. Pope.

3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a standing place.

4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva." Hooker.

5. (Naut.) A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop. Platform car, a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering; a f -- Platform scale, a weighing machine, with a flat platform on which objects are weighed.

Platform

Plat"form`, v. t.

1. To place on a platform. [R.]

2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.]

Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. Milton.

Plathelminth

Plat*hel"minth (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyelminthes.

Plathelminthes

Plat`hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes.

Platin

Plat"in (?), n. (Mach.) See Platen.

Platina

Plat"i*na (?), n. [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.) Platinum. Platina mohr, platinum black. -- Platina yellow, a pigment prepared from platinum.

Plating

Plat"ing (?), n.

1. The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.

2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.

3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.

Platinic

Pla*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as, platinic chloride (PtCl4).
Page 1097

Platinichloric

Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called platinichloric, or chloroplatinic, acid.

Platiniferous

Plat`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Platinum + -ferous.] Yielding platinum; as, platiniferous sand.

Platiniridium

Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um (?), n. (Chem. & Min.) A natural alloy of platinum and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains with platinum.

Platinize

Plat"i*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Platinizing (?).] To cover or combine with platinum.

Platinochloric

Plat`i*no*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric acid, called platinochloric, ∨ chloroplatinous, acid.

Platinochloride

Plat`i*no*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A double chloride of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.

Platinocyanic

Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.

Platinocyanide

Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A double cyanide of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.

Platinode

Plat"i*node (?), n. [Platinum + Gr. (Physics) A cathode. [R.]

Platinoid

Plat"i*noid (?), a. [Platinum + -oid.] Resembling platinum.

Platinoid

Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.) An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; -- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.

Platinotype

Plat"i*no*type (?), n. [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.)

1. A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.

2. The process by which such pictures are produced.

Platinous

Plat"i*nous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic compounds; as, platinous chloride (PtCl2).

Platinum

Plat"i*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.) A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called platina. Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent. -- Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements which in their chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of the light platinum group, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about 12; and the heavy platinum group, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over 21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.

Platitude

Plat"i*tude (?), n. [F., from plat flat. See Plate.]

1. The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.

To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite platitude. Motley.

2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a commonplace.

Platitudinarian

Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. One addicted to uttering platitudes, or stale and insipid truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot.

Platitudinize

Plat`i*tu"di*nize (?), v. i. To utter platitudes or truisms.

Platitudinous

Plat`i*tu"di*nous (?), a. Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes; uttering platitudes. -- Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

Platly

Plat"ly (?), a. Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.]

Platness

Plat"ness, n. Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

Platometer

Pla*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] See Planimeter.

Platonic, Platonical

Pla*ton"ic (?), Pla*ton"ic*al (?), a. [L. Platonicus, Gr. platonique.]

1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.

2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical. Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron. -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for which Plato was a warm advocate.<-- = Platonic relation --> -- Platonic year (Astron.), a period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect to the equinoxes; -- called also great year. This revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000 years. Barlow.

Platonic

Pla*ton"ic, n. A follower of Plato; a Platonist.

Platonically

Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv. In a Platonic manner.

Platonism

Pla"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. Platonisme.]

1. The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers. &hand; Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out of pre\'89xistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it is the product of our reason, which, as partaking of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge of things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet are called Platonists. Murdock.

2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical notions.

Platonist

Pla"to*nist (?), n. One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato. Hammond.

Platonize

Pla"to*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Platonizing.] To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner.

Platonize

Pla"to*nize, v. t. To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic philosophy. Enfield.

Platonizer

Pla"to*ni`zer (?), n. One who Platonizes.

Platoon

Pla*toon" (?), n. [F. peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of men, a platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See Pellet.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.

Platt

Platt (?), n. (Mining) See Lodge, n. Raymond.

Plattdeutsch

Platt"deutsch` (?), n. The modern dialects spoken in the north of Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under German.

Platten

Plat"ten (?), v. t. [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making) To flatten and make into sheets or plates; as, to platten cylinder glass.

Platter

Plat"ter (?), n. [From Plat to braid.] One who plats or braids.

Platter

Plat"ter, n. [Probably fr. OF. platel, F. plateau. See Plateau.] A large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to the table.
The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.

Platter-faced

Plat"ter-faced` (?), a. Having a broad, flat face.

Platting

Plat"ting (?), n. Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for making hats or the like.

Platy

Plat"y (?), a. Like a plate; consisting of plates.

Platy-

Plat"y- (?). A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as, platypus, platycephalous.

Platycephalic, Platycephalous

Plat`y*ce*phal"ic (?), Plat`y*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Broad-headed.

Platycnemic

Plat`yc*ne"mic (?), a. [Platy + Gr. platycn\'82mique.] (Anat.) Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.

Platycnemism

Pla*tyc"ne*mism (?), n. (Anat.) Lateral flattening of the tibia.

Platyc\'d2lian

Plat`y*c\'d2"li*an (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Flat at the anterior and concave at the posterior end; -- said of the centra of the vertebr\'91 of some extinct dinouaurs.

Platyelminthes

Plat`y*el*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms, the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms.<-- now = platyhelminthes -->

Platyhelmia

Plat`y*hel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes. [Written also Platyelmia.]

Platymeter

Pla*tym"e*ter (?), n. [Platy + -meter.] (Elec.) An apparatus for measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of dielectrics.

Platypod

Plat"y*pod (?), n. [Platy + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having broad feet, or a broad foot.

Platypoda

Pla*typ"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prosobranchiata.

Platyptera

Pla*typ"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which have four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies (Perla).

Platypus

Plat"y*pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The duck mole. See under Duck.

Platyrhine

Plat"y*rhine (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Having the nose broad; -- opposed to leptorhine. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyrhini.

Platyrhini

Plat`y*rhi"ni (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of monkeys, including the American species, which have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See Monkey. [Written also Platyrrhini.]

Plaud

Plaud (?), v. t. To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman.

Plaudit

Plau"dit (?), n. [From L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of plaudere. Cf. Plausible.] A mark or expression of applause; praise bestowed.
Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng. Longfellow.
Syn. -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation; approval.

Plauditory

Plau"di*to*ry (?), a. Applauding; commending.

Plausibility

Plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plausibilit\'82.]

1. Something worthy of praise. [Obs.]

Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. E. Vaughan.

2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness.

To give any plausibility to a scheme. De Quincey.

3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.

Plausible

Plau"si*ble (?), a. [L. plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere, plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.]

1. Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right; specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon.

3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker. <-- 4 appearing worthy of belief [MW10]. Now the most common sense, and a good sense, rather than the traditional bad sense. --> Syn. -- Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false. Specious refers more definitely to the act or purpose of false representation; plausible has more reference to the effect on the beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it is not plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.

Plausibleize

Plau"si*ble*ize (?), v. t. To render plausible. [R.]

Plausibleness

Plau"si*ble*ness, n. Quality of being plausible.

Plausibly

Plau"si*bly, adv.

1. In a plausible manner.

2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.]

The Romans plausibly did give consent. Shak.

Plausive

Plau"sive (?), a. [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.]

1. Applauding; manifesting praise. Young.

2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak.

Play

Play (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Played (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.] [OE. pleien, AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game, quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D. plegen to care for, attend to, be wont, G. pflegen; of unknown origin. &root;28. Cf. Plight, n.]

1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot.

As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play! Pope.
And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame and sword. Keble.

2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.

"Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye." Chaucer.
Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple.

3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes.

4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute.

One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32.
Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville.

5. To act; to behave; to practice deception.

His mother played false with a smith. Shak.

6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays.

The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne.

7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.

Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak.
The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets. Addison.
All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart. Pope.

8. To act on the stage; to personate a character.

A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak.
Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne.
To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive.
Art thou alive? Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight. Shak.
(b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application to; as, to play upon words. <-- play around -->

Play

Play, v. t.

1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a fortification; to play a trump.

First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the soul. Herbert.

2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ.

3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a waltz on the violin.

4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute; as, to play tricks.

Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin fancies. Milton.

5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play the woman.

Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott.

6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball.

7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it. To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks. -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; to contrive. -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources. [Colloq.]

Play

Play, n.

1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.

2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or diversion; a game.

John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot.

3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune in play.

4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden.

5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action.

A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden.

6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he attends ever play.

7. Performance on an instrument of music.

8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give them play, front and rear." Milton.

The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play between them. Moxon.

9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full play to mirth. Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt. Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. -- To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed. <-- in play. (a) (baseball, football) [of a ball] to still be subject to action so as to affect the game, true as long as the specific play has not been completed. Opposite of out of play, out of bounds. (b) (Corporate Finance) subject to acquisition or merger; said of companies which have been discussed as potential acquisitions by potentially acquiring companies. -->

I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.
Page 1098

Playa

Pla"ya (?), n. [Sp.] A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which subsequently becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett.

Playbill

Play"bill` (?), n. A printed programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.

Playbook

Play"book` (?), n. A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play. Swift.

Playday

Play"day` (?), n. A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift.

Player

Play"er (?), n.

1. One who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an idler; a trifler. Shak.

2. One who plays any game.

3. A dramatic actor. Shak.

4. One who plays on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16.

5. A gamester; a gambler.

Playfellow

Play"fel`low (?), n. A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate. Shak.

Playfere

Play"fere` (?), n. [Play + 1st fere.] A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also, playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld.

Playful

Play"ful (?), a. Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive fancy; humorous; merry; as, a playful child; a playful writer. -- Play"ful*ly, adv. -- Play"ful*ness, n.

Playgame

Play"game` (?), n. Play of children. Locke.

Playgoer

Play"go`er (?), n. One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic performances.

Playgoing

Play"go`ing, a. Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public. -- n. The practice of going to plays.

Playground

Play"ground` (?), n. A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the playground of a school.

Playhouse

Play"house` (?), n. [AS. plegh&umac;s.]

1. A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater. Shak.

2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.

Playing

Play"ing, a. & vb. n. of Play. Playing cards. See under Card.

Playmaker

Play"mak`er (?), n. A playwright. [R.]

Playmate

Play"mate` (?), n. A companion in diversions; a playfellow.

Playsome

Play"some (?), a. Playful; wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning. -- Play"some*ness, n. [R.]

Playte

Playte (?), n. (Naut.) See Pleyt.

Plaything

Play"thing` (?), n. A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse.
A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little more advanced age. Locke.

Playtime

Play"time` (?), n. Time for play or diversion.

Playwright

Play"wright` (?), n. A maker or adapter of plays.

Playwriter

Play"writ`er (?), n. A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright. Lecky.

Plaza

Pla"za (?), n. [Sp. See Place.] A public square in a city or town.

Plea

Plea (?), n. [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet, LL. placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. placitum that which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to please. See Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.]

1. (Law) That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished from a demurrer; in a still more limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. In chancery practice, a plea is a special answer showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the plea is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.

2. (Law) A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas. See under Common.

The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of pleas real, personal, and mixed. Laws of Massachusetts.

3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton.

No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare. Denham.

4. An urgent prayer or entreaty. Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law), criminal actions.

Pleach

Pleach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleached (; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleaching.] [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait, L. plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to pleach.] To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak.

Plead

Plead (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead (?) or Pled); p. pr. & vb. n. Pleading.] [OE. pleden, plaiden, OF. plaidier, F. plaider, fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.]

1. To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; as, to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead with a judge or with a father.

O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his neighbor! Job xvi. 21.

2. (Law) To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to carry on a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.

3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plead

Plead (?), v. t.

1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to determine; to argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court or jury.

Every man should plead his own matter. Sir T. More.
&hand; In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers.

2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to plead statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent.

3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in excuse; as, the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights of ambassadors. Spenser.

I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults. Dryden.

Pleadable

Plead"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged in proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable at law. Dryden.

Pleader

Plead"er (?), n. [F. plaideur.]

1. One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate.

So fair a pleader any cause may gain. Dryden.

2. (Law) One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader.

Pleading

Plead"ing, n. The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause by arguments.

Pleadingly

Plead"ing*ly, adv. In a pleading manner.

Pleadings

Plead"ings (?), n. pl. (Law) The mutual pleas and replies of the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on some single point. Blackstone.

Pleasance

Pleas"ance (?), n. [F. plaisance. See Please.]

1. Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak. "Full great pleasance." Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson.

2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic]

The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses. Ruskin.

Pleasant

Pleas"ant (?), a. [F. plaisant. See Please.]

1. Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a pleasant journey; pleasant weather.

Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as, pleasant company; a pleasant fellow.

From grave to light, from pleasant to serve. Dryden.
Syn. -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good-humored; enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing; witty. -- Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc. Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable. Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the act or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is more energetic than pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and always pleasing. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly observed.

Pleasant

Pleas"ant, n. A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.]

Pleasantly

Pleas"ant*ly, adv. In a pleasant manner.

Pleasantness

Pleas"ant*ness, n. The state or quality of being pleasant.

Pleasantry

Pleas"ant*ry (?), n.; pl. Pleasantries (#). [F. plaisanterie. See Pleasant.] That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor; cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.
The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points of wit. Addison.
The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of the world. Macaulay.

Pleasant-tongued

Pleas"ant-tongued` (?), a. Of pleasing speech.

Please

Please (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.] [OE. plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L. placere, akin to placare to reconcile. Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.]

1. To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.

I pray to God that it may plesen you. Chaucer.
What next I bring shall please thee, be assured. Milton.

2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire; to will.

Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he. Ps. cxxxv. 6.
A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same things in common speech. J. Edwards.

3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; -- used impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness dwell." Col. i. 19.

To-morrow, may it please you. Shak.
To be pleased in ∨ with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in. -- To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.

Please

Please (?), v. i.

1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.

What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more. Milton.
For we that live to please, must please to live. Johnson.

2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.

Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties. Milton.
That he would please 8give me my liberty. Swift.

Pleased

Pleased (?), a. Experiencing pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Pleas"ed*ness, n.

Pleaseman

Please"man (?), n. An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank. [Obs.] Shak.

Pleaser

Pleas"er (?), n. One who pleases or gratifies.

Pleasing

Pleas"ing, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing manners. "Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. -- Pleas"ing*ly, adv. -- Pleas"ing*ness, n. Syn. -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.

Pleasing

Pleas"ing, n. An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pleasurable

Pleas"ur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.
Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable. Bacon.
O, sir, you are very pleasurable. B. Jonson.
-- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.

Pleasure

Pleas"ure (?), n. [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.]

1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying; -- opposed to pain, sorrow, etc.

At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Ps. xvi. 11.

2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self-indulgence; frivolous or dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure." Milton.

He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man. Prov. xxi. 17.
Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. 2 Tim. iii. 4.

3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying; hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14.

Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let not my letter. Shak.

4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak.

Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure Acts xxv. 9.
At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. -- To take pleasure in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11. &hand; Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground; pleasure house, etc. Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy; gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor; kindness.

Pleasure

Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasuring.] To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. Shak.
[Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith. Tennyson.

Pleasure

Pleas"ure, v. i. To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go pleasuring.

Pleasureful

Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording pleasure. [R.]

Pleasureless

Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.

Pleasurer

Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure seeker. Dickens.

Pleasurist

Pleas"ur*ist, n. A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pleat

Pleat (?), n. & v. t. See Plait.

Plebe

Plebe (?), n. [F. pl\'8abe, fr. L. plebs.]

1. The common people; the mob. [Obs.]

The plebe with thirst and fury prest. Sylvester.

2. [Cf. Plebeian.] A member of the lowest class in the military academy at West Point. [Cant, U.S.]

Plebeian

Ple*be"ian (?), a. [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common people: cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ien.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or common people.

2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian sports; a plebeian throng.

Plebeian

Ple*be"ian, n.

1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction from patrician.

2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.

Plebeiance

Ple*be"iance (?), n.

1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]

2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]

Plebeianism

Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ianisme.]

1. The quality or state of being plebeian.

2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.

Plebeianize

Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.

Plebicolist

Ple*bic"o*list (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + colere to cultivate.] One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common people; a demagogue. [R.]

Plebification

Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing. [R.]
You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you will end in the plebification of knowledge. Coleridge.

Plebiscitary

Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.

Plebiscite

Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F. pl\'82biscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.] A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also plebiscit.]
Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French. Fitzed. Hall.

Plebiscitum

Ple`bis*ci"tum (?), n. [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum decree.] (Rom. Antiq.) A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate.

Plectile

Plec"tile (?), a. [L. plectilis.] Woven; plaited. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Page 1099

Plectognath

Plec"tog*nath (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi. -- n. One of the Plectognathi.

Plectognathi

Plec*to"gna*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes generally having the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary. &hand; The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral fins are rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order includes the diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes.

Plectognathic, Plec-tognathous

Plec`tog*nath"ic (?), Plec-tog"na*thous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.

Plectospondyli

Plec`to*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive suborder of fresh-water physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebr\'91 united and much modified; the Eventognathi.

Plectospondylous

Plec`to*spon"dy*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Plectospondyli.

Plectrum

Plec"trum (?), n.; pl. L. Plectra (#), E. Plectrums (#). [L., fr. Gr. A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.

Pled

Pled (?), imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser.

Pledge

Pledge (?), n. [OF. plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium, plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. praebere to proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf. also E. play. &root;28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.]

1. (Law) The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn. &hand; Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all these points it differs from a mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in the last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law. See Hypotheca. Story. Kent.

2. (Old Eng. Law) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak.

3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession.

4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope." Milton.

5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the pledge; the mayor had made no pledges. <-- esp. in "take the pledge" -->

6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a toast; a health. Dead pledge. [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage. See Mortgage. -- Living pledge. [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.] (Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. -- To hold in pledge, to keep as security. -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to give as security. Syn. -- See Earnest.

Pledge

Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.] [Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.]

1. To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch.

2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; as, to pledge one's word and honor.

We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. The Declaration of Independence.

3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.]

To pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shak.

4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as, to pledge one's self.

5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health of; to toast.

Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. Cowley.

Pledgee

Pledg*ee" (?), n. The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom property pledged is delivered.

Pledgeless

Pledge"less (?), a. Having no pledge.

Pledgeor, Pledgor

Pledge*or", Pledg*or" (?), n. (Law) One who pledges, or delivers anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to pledgee. &hand; This word analogically requires the e after g, but the spelling pledgor is perhaps commoner.

Pledger

Pledg"er (?), n. One who pledges.

Pledgery

Pledg"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. pleigerie.] A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.]

Pledget

Pledg"et (?), n. [Prov. E., a small plug.]

1. A small plug. [Prov. End.]

2. (Naut.) A string of oakum used in calking.

3. (Med.) A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound, ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the matter discharged.

Plegepoda

Ple*gep"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (-poda. In allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Infusoria.

Plelad

Ple"lad (?), n. One of the Pleiades.

Pleiades

Ple"ia*des (?; 277), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (

1. (Myth.) The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.

2. (Astron.) A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31. &hand; Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was considered by M\'84dler the central point around which our universe is revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.

Plein

Plein (?), a. Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plein

Plein, v. i. & t. To complain. See Plain. [Obs.]

Plein

Plein, a. [OF. & F., fr. L. plenus.] Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein remission." Chaucer. -- Plein"ly, adv.

Pleiocene

Plei"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) See Pliocene.

Pleiophyllous

Plei*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having several leaves; -- used especially when several leaves or leaflets appear where normally there should be only one.

Pleiosaurus

Plei`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pliosaurus.

Pleistocene

Pleis"to*cene (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man. -- n. The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.

Plenal

Ple"nal (?), a. [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.] Full; complete; as, a plenal view or act. [Obs.]

Plenarily

Ple"na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a plenary manner.

Plenariness

Ple"na*ri*ness, n. Quality or state of being plenary.

Plenarty

Plen"ar*ty (?), n. The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone.

Plenary

Ple"na*ry (?), a. [LL. plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.] Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license; plenary authority.
A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. I. Watts.
Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins. -- Plenary inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.

Plenary

Ple"na*ry, n. (Law) Decisive procedure. [Obs.]

Plene

Plene (?), \'91. [L. plenus full.] Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.]

Plenicorn

Ple"ni*corn (?), n. [L. plenus full + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande & C.

Plenilunary

Plen`i*lu"na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Plenilune

Plen"i*lune (?), n. [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.] The full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Plenipotence, Plenipotency

Ple*nip"o*tence (?), Ple*nip"o*ten*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being plenipotent. [R.]

Plenipotent

Ple*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. plenus full + potens, -entis, potent.] Possessing full power. [R.] Milton.

Plenipotentiary

Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Plenipotentiaries (#). [LL. plenipotentiarius: cf. F. pl\'82nipotentiaire.] A person invested with full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or envoy to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to transact other business.

Plenipotentiary

Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a. Containing or conferring full power; invested with full power; as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary ministers. Howell.

Plenish

Plen"ish (?), v. t. [See Replenish.]

1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve.

2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.]

Plenishing

Plen"ish*ing, n. Household furniture; stock. [Scot.]

Plenist

Ple"nist (?), n. [L. plenus full; cf. F. pl\'82niste.] One who holds that all space is full of matter.

Plenitude

Plen"i*tude (?), n. [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F. plenitude.]

1. The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness; completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power.

2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.]

Plenitudinarian

Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. A plenist.

Plenitudinary

Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough. [Obs.]

Plenteous

Plen"te*ous (?), a. [From Plenty.]

1. Containing plenty; abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as, a plenteous supply. "Reaping plenteous crop." Milton.

2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful. "The seven plenteous years." Gen. xli. 34.

3. Having plenty; abounding; rich.

The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deut. xxviii. 11.
Syn. -- Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample. -- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Plen"te*ous*ness, n.

Plentevous

Plen"te*vous (?), a. Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plentiful

Plen"ti*ful (?), a.

1. Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, a plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of water.

2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.

If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful year. Bacon.

3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.]

He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be preserved from Bacon.
-- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.

Plenty

Plen"ty (?), n.; pl. Plenties (#), in Shak. [OE. plentee, plente, OF. plent\'82, fr. L. plenitas, fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf. Complete.] Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency; specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for human wants; abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen. xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak.
Houses of office stuffed with plentee. Chaucer.
The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world. Thomson.
Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.

Plenty

Plen"ty, a. Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. Shak. (Folio ed.)
Those countries where shrubs are plenty. Goldsmith.

Plenum

Ple"num (?), n. [L., fr. plenus full.] That state in which every part of space is supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to vacuum. G. Francis.

Pleochroic

Ple`o*chro"ic (?), a. Having the property of pleochroism.

Pleochroism

Ple*och"ro*ism (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) The property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors when viewed in the direction of different axes.

Pleochromatic

Ple*och`ro*mat"ic (?), a. Pleochroic.

Pleochromatism

Ple`o*chro"ma*tism (?), n. Pleochroism.

Pleochroous

Ple*och"ro*ous (?), a. Pleochroic.

Pleomorphic

Ple`o*mor"phic (?), a. Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic character of bacteria.

Pleomorphism

Ple`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr.

1. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing under two or more distinct fundamental forms, including dimorphism and trimorphism.

2. (Biol.) The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which may exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms characteristic of the different genera and species.<-- thoroughly discredited, except for a few apparent examples of such a phenomenon. -->

Pleomorphous

Ple`o*mor"phous (?), a. Having the property of pleomorphism.

Pleonasm

Ple"o*nasm, ( n. [L. pleonasmus, Gr. Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.] (Rhet.) Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; as, I saw it with my own eyes.

Pleonast

Ple"o*nast (?), n. One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade.

Pleonaste

Ple"o*naste, n. [Gr.pl\'82onaste.] (Min.) A black variety of spinel.

Pleonastic, Pleonastical

Ple`o*nas"tic (?), Ple`o*nas"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pl\'82onastique.] Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.

Pleonastically

Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pleonastic manner.

Pleopod

Ple"o*pod (?), n.; pl. E. Pleopods (#), L. Pleopoda (#). [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See Illust. under Crustacea.

Plerome

Ple"rome (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root.

Plerophory

Ple*roph"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. Fullness; full persuasion. "A plerophory of assurance." Bp. Hall.

Plesance

Ples"ance (?), n. Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plesh

Plesh (?), n. A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser.

Plesimorphism

Ple`si*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) The property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.

Plesiomorphous

Ple`si*o*mor"phous (?), a. Nearly alike in form.

Plesiosaur

Ple"si*o*saur (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Plesiosauria.

Plesiosauria

Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia.

Plesiosaurian

Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an (?), n. (Paleon.) A plesiosaur.

Plesiosaurus

Ple`si*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Plesiosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the Mesozoic age.

Plessimeter

Ples*sim"e*ter (?), n. See Pleximeter.

Plete

Plete (?), v. t. & i. To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Plethora

Pleth"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pleonasm.]

1. Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels; repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyper\'91mia; -- opposed to an\'91mia.

2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.

He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination. Jeffrey.

Plethoretic

Pleth`o*ret"ic (?), a. Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson.

Plethoric

Ple*thor"ic (?), a. [Gr. pl\'82thorique.] Haeving a full habit of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; as, a plethoric constitution; -- used also metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney Smith. "Plethoric fullness of thought." De Quincey.

Plethorical

Ple*thor"ic*al (?), a. Plethoric. [R.] -- Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv. Burke.

Plethory

Pleth"o*ry (?), n. Plethora. Jer. Taylor.

Plethron, Plethrum

Pleth"ron (?), Pleth"rum (?), n.; pl. Plethra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.

Plethysmograph

Pleth"ys*mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for determining and registering the variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb. -- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic (#), a. <-- p. 1100 --> <-- p. 100 -->

Plethysmography

Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The study, by means of the plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its blood supply.

Pleura

Pleu"ra (?), n., pl. of Pleuron.

Pleura

Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. Pleur\'91 (#), E. Pleuras (#). [NL., n. fem., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane. (b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.

Pleural

Pleu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleur\'91, or to the sides of the thorax.

Pleuralgia

Pleu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the side or region of the ribs.

Pleurapophysis

Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Pleurapophyses (#). [NL. See Pleura, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or corresponding to, a vertebral rib. -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al (#), a. Owen.

Pleurenchyma

Pleu*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.

Pleuric

Pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Pleural.

Pleurisy

Pleu"ri*sy (?), n. [F. pleur\'82sie, L. pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr pleyri^tis (sc. no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.] (Med.) An inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity. Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers; -- called also butterfly weed.

Pleurite

Pleu"rite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.

Pleuritic, Pleuritical

Pleu*rit"ic (?), Pleu*rit"ic*al (?), a. [L. pleuriticus, Gr. pleur\'82tique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as, pleuritic symptoms. (b) Suffering from pleurisy.

Pleuritis

Pleu*ri"tis (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Pleurisy.

Pleuro-

Pleu"ro- (?). [See Pleura.] A combining form denoting relation to a side; specif., connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura; as, pleuroperitoneum.

Pleurobrachia

Pleu`ro*brach"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose tentacles.

Pleurobranch

Pleu"ro*branch (?), n. [See Pleuro-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the thorax.

Pleurobranchia

Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Pleuroeranchi\'91 (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleurobranch.

Pleurocarp

Pleu"ro*carp (?), n. [Pleuro- + Gr. (Bot.) Any pleurocarpic moss.

Pleurocarpic, Pleurocarpous

Pleu`ro*car"pic (?), Pleu`ro*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Side-fruited; -- said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to acrocarpous.

Pleurocentrum

Pleu`ro*cen"trum (?), n. [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.) One of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebr\'91 in some fossil batrachians.

Pluroderes

Plu*rod"e*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.

Pleurodont

Pleu"ro*dont (?), a. [Pleuro- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.

Pleurodont

Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.

Pleurodynia

Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to rheumatism.

Pleuron

Pleu"ron (?), n.; pl. Pleura (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the sides of an animal. (b) One of the lateral pieces of a somite of an insect. (c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.

Pleuronectoid

Pleu`ro*nec"toid (?), a. [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Pleuronectid\'91, or Flounder family.

Pleuropericardial

Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura and pericardium.

Pleuroperipneumony

Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [Pleuro- + peripneumony.] (Med.) Pleuropneumonia.

Pleuroperitoneal

Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleural and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.

Pleuroperitoneum

Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [Pleuro- + peritoneum.] (Anat.) The pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the peritoneum; -- used especially in the case of those animals in which the body cavity is not divided. &hand; Peritoneum is now often used in the sense of pleuroperitoneum, the pleur\'91 being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.

Pleuropneumonia

Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Pleuro- + pneumonia.] (Med.) Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.

Pleuroptera

Pleu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Isectivora, including the colugo.

Pleurosigma

Pleu`ro*sig"ma (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.) A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly curved in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma angulatum has very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high powers of microscopes.

Pleurosteon

Pleu*ros"te*on (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurostea (#), E. -ons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The antero-lateral piece which articulates the sternum of birds.

Pleurothotonus

Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A species of tetanus, in which the body is curved laterally. Quain. Dunglison.

Pleurotoma

Pleu*rot"o*ma (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurotom\'91 (#), E. Pleurotomas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma, and ether allied genera of the family Pleurotmid\'91. The species are very numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior notch or slit.

Plevin

Plev"in (?), n. [OF. plevine. See Replevin.] A warrant or assurance. [Obs.]

Plexiform

Plex"i*form (?), a. [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.] Like network; complicated.<-- sic. no det. --> Quincy.

Pleximeter

Plex*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Med.) A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination by mediate percussion. [Written also plexometer.]

Plexure

Plex"ure (?), n. [See Plexus.] The act or process of weaving together, or interweaving; that which is woven together. H. Brooke.

Plexus

Plex"us (?), n.; pl. L. Plexus, E. Plexuses (#). [L., a twining, braid, fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.]

1. (Anat.) A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.

2. (Math.) The system of equations required for the complete expression of the relations which exist between a set of quantities. Brande & C.

Pley

Pley (?), v. & n. See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pley

Pley (?), a. Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pleyt

Pleyt (?), n. (Naut.) An old term for a river boat.

Pliability

Pli`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; as, pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement." Sir W. Scott.

Pliable

Pli"a*ble (?), a. [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.]

1. Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible; pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable plant.

2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H. More. -- Pli"a*ble*ness, n. -- Pli"a*bly, adv.

Pliancy

Pli"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as, the pliancy of a rod. "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind." Wordsworth.

Pliant

Pli"ant (?), a. [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.]

1. Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart.

The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason. South.

2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak. -- Pli"ant*ly, adv. -- Pli"ant*ness, n.

Plica

Pli"ca (?), n. [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.]

1. (Med.) A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.) A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The bend of the wing of a bird.

Plicate, Plicated

Pli"cate (?), Pli"ca*ted (?), a. [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to fold.] Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. -- Pli"cate*ly (#), adv.

Plication

Pli*ca"tion (?), n. A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson.

Plicature

Plic"a*ture (?), n. [L. plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.] A fold; a doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More.

Plicidentine

Plic`i*den"tine (?), n. [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.) A form of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse section of the tooth.

Plied

Plied (?), imp. & p. p. of Ply.

Pliers

Pli"ers (?), n. pl. [From Ply to bend, fold.] A kind of small pinchers with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.

Pliform

Pli"form (?), a [Ply a fold + -form.] In the form of a ply, fold, or doubling. [Obs.] Pennant.

Plight

Plight (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer.

Plight

Plight, obs. imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer.

Plight

Plight, v. t. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.] To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait.[Obs.] "To sew and plight."<-- in the sense of fold, = pleat [plait 2 in MW10]--> Chaucer.
A plighted garment of divers colors. Milton.

Plight

Plight (?), n. A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.] "Many a folded plight."<-- = pleat --> Spenser.

Plight

Plight, n. [OE. pliht danger, engagement, AS. pliht danger, fr. ple\'a2n to risk; akin to D. plicht duty, G. pflicht, Dan. pligt. &root;28. Cf. Play.]

1. That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged; security; a gage; a pledge. "That lord whose hand must take my plight." Shak.

2. [Perh. the same word as plight a pledge, but at least influenced by OF. plite, pliste, ploit, ploi, a condition, state; cf. E. plight to fold, and F. pli a fold, habit, plier to fold, E. ply.] Condition; state; -- risk, or exposure to danger, often being implied; as, a luckless plight. "Your plight is pitied." Shak.

To bring our craft all in another plight Chaucer.

Plight

Plight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plighting.] [AS. plihtan to expose to danger, pliht danger;cf. D. verplichten to oblige, engage, impose a duty, G. verpflichten, Sw. f\'94rplikta, Dan. forpligte. See Plight, n.]

1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance of some act; as, to plight faith, honor, word; -- never applied to property or goods. " To do them plighte their troth." Piers Plowman.

He plighted his right hand Unto another love, and to another land. Spenser.
Here my inviolable faith I plight. Dryden.

2. To promise; to engage; to betroth.

Before its setting hour, divide The bridegroom from the plighted bride. Sir W. Scott.

Plighter

Plight"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plights.

Plim

Plim (?), v. i. [Cf. Plump.] To swell, as grain or wood with water. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Plimsoll's mark

Plim"soll's mark` (?). (Naut.) A mark conspicuously painted on the port side of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit of submergence allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel Plimsoll, by whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was procured.

Plinth

Plinth (?), n. [L. plinthus, Gr. flint: cf. F. plinthe.] (Arch.) In classical architecture, a vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See Illust. of Column.

Pliocene

Pli"o*cene (?), a. [Written also pleiocene.] [Gr. (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary age.

Pliocene

Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.) The Pliocene period or deposits.

Pliohippus

Pli`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. pliocene + Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in the common horse.

Pliosaurus

Pli`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus, but having a much shorter neck.

Plitt

Plitt (?), n. [Russ. plete.] An instrument of punishment or torture resembling the knout, used in Russia.

Ploc

Ploc (?), n. [F.] (Naut.) A mixture of hair and tar for covering the bottom of a ship.

Ploce

Plo"ce (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted by it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; as, "His wife's a wife indeed." Bailey.

Plod

Plod (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plodding.] [Gf. Gael. plod a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or clods.]

1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak.

2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently. "Plodding schoolmen." Drayton.

Plod

Plod, v. t. To walk on slowly or heavily.
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. Gray.

Plodder

Plod"der (?), n. One who plods; a drudge.

Plodding

Plod"ding (?), a. Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized by laborious diligence; as, a plodding peddler; a plodding student; a man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv.

Plonge

Plonge (?), v. t. [See Plunge.] To cleanse, as open drains which are entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.

Plong\'82e

Plon`g\'82e" (?), n. [F. See Plunge.] (Mil.) A slope or sloping toward the front; as, the plong\'82e of a parapet; the plong\'82e of a shell in its course. [Sometimes written plonge.]

Plot

Plot (?), n. [AS. plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf. Plat a piece of ground.]

1. A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden plot. Shak.

2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Surv.) A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to a scale.

Plot

Plot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plotting.] To make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to delineate.
This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now standeth. Carew.

Plot

Plot, n. [Abbrev. from complot.]

1. Any scheme, stratagem, secret design, or plan, of a complicated nature, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a treacherous and mischievous one; a conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the Rye-house Plot.

I have overheard a plot of death. Shak.
O, think what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots and their last fatal periods! Addison.

2. A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem or conspiracy. [Obs.]

And when Christ saith. Who marries the divorced commits adultery, it is to be understood, if he had any plot in the divorce. Milton.
<-- p. 101 -->

3. Contrivance; deep reach thought; ability to plot or intrigue. [Obs.] "A man of much plot." Denham.

4. A plan; a purpose. "No other plot in their religion but serve Got and save their souls." Jer. Taylor.

5. In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem, comprising a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means.

If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from the subject, then the winding up of the plot must be a probable consequence of all that went before. Pope.
Syn. -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination; contrivance.

Plot

Plot (?), v. i.

1. To form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a government or those who administer it; to conspire. Shak.

The wicked plotteth against the just. Ps. xxxvii. 12.

2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.

The prince did plot to be secretly gone. Sir H. Wotton.

Plot

Plot, v. t. To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly. "Plotting an unprofitable crime." Dryden. "Plotting now the fall of others." Milton

Plotful

Plot"ful (?), a. Abounding with plots.

Pletinian

Ple*tin"i*an (?), a.Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines.

Plotinist

Plo*ti"nist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated Platonic philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.

Plot-proof

Plot"-proof` (?), a. Secure against harm by plots. Shak.

Plotter

Plot"ter (?), n. One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator; a schemer. Dryden.

Plough

Plough (?), n. & v. See Plow.

Plover

Plov"er (?), n. [OF. plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird, fr. LL. (assumed) pluviarius, fr. L. pluvia rain, from pluere to rain; akin to E. float, G. fliessen to flow. See Float.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to the family Charadrid\'91, and especially those belonging to the subfamily Charadrins\'91. They are prized as game birds.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true plovers, as the crab plover (Dromas ardeola); the American upland, plover (Bartramia longicauda); and other species of sandpipers. &hand; Among the more important species are the blackbellied, ∨ blackbreasted, plover (Charadrius squatarola) of America and Europe; -- called also gray plover, bull-head plover, Swiss plover, sea plover, and oxeye; the golden plover (see under Golden); the ring ∨ ringed plover (\'92gialitis hiaticula). See Ringneck. The piping plover (\'92gialitis meloda); Wilson's plover (\'92. Wilsonia); the mountain plover (\'92. montana); and the semipalmated plover (\'92. semipalmata), are all small American species. Bastard plover (Zo\'94l.), the lapwing. -- Long-legged, ∨ yellow-legged, plover. See Tattler. -- Plover's page, the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Rock plover, ∨ Stone plover, the black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whistling plover. (a) The golden plover. (b) The black-bellied plover.

Plow, Plough

Plow, Plough (plou), n. [OE. plouh, plou, AS. pl\'d3h; akin to D. ploeg, G. pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, Icel. pl\'d3gr, Sw. plog, Dan. ploug, plov, Russ. plug', Lith. plugas.]

1. A well-known implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or other power, for turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also used to furrow or break up the soil for other purposes; as, the subsoil plow; the draining plow.

Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow. Dryden.

2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. Johnson.

3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.]

Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five. Tale of Gamelyn.

4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.

5. (Bookbinding) An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of books.

6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's Wain. Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc., into cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.] -- Mackerel plow. See under Mackerel. -- Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the church. Cowell. -- Plow beam, that part of the frame of a plow to which the draught is applied. See Beam, n., 9. -- Plow Monday, the Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas holidays. -- Plow staff. (a) A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the plowshare; a paddle staff. (b) A plow handle. -- Snow plow, a structure, usually

Plow, Plough

Plow, Plough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p. pr. & vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.]

1. To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; to plow a field.

2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through, as in sailing.

Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up With her prepared nails. Shak.
With speed we plow the watery way. Pope.

3. (Bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plow. See Plow, n., 5.

4. (Joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc. To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat. -- To plow up, to turn out of the ground by plowing.<-- plow ahead, to continue in spite of obstacles or resistence by others. Often used in a bad sense, meaning to continue obstinately in spite of the contrary advice of others. plow through, to execute a difficult or laborious task steadily, esp. one containing many parts; as, he plowed through the stack of correspondence until all had been answered. -->

Plow, Plough

Plow, Plough (plou), v. i. To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything. Shak.
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? Isa. xxviii. 24.

Plowable, Ploughable

Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being plowed; arable.

Plowbote, Ploughbote

Plow"bote`, Plough"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Wood or timber allowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See Bote.

Plowboy, Ploughboy

Plow"boy`, Plough"boy`, n. A boy that drives or guides a team in plowing; a young rustic.

Plower, Plougher

Plow"er, Plough"er (?), n. One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.

Plowfoot, Ploughfoot

Plow"foot`, Plough"foot` (?), n. An adjustable staff formerly attached to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow. Piers Plowman.

Plowgang, Ploughgang

Plow"gang`, Plough"gang` (?), n. Same as Plowgate.

Plowgate, Ploughgate

Plow"gate`, Plough"gate` (?), n. The Scotch equivalent of the English word plowland.
Not having one plowgate of land. Sir W. Scott.

Plowhead, Ploughhead

Plow"head`, Plough"head` (?), n. The clevis or draught iron of a plow.

Plowland, Plougland

Plow"land`, Ploug"land` (?), n.

1. Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.

2. (O. Eng. Law) the quantity of land allotted for the work of one plow; a hide.

Plowman, Ploughman

Plow"man, Plough"man (?), n.; pl. -men (.

1. One who plows, or who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman. Chaucer. Macaulay.

2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer. Plowman's spikenard (Bot.), a European composite weed (Conyza squarrosa), having fragrant roots. Dr. Prior.

Plowpoint, Ploughpoint

Plow"point`, Plough"point` (?), n. A detachable share at the extreme front end of the plow body.

Plowshare, Ploughshare

Plow"share`, Plough"share" (?), n. The share of a plow, or that part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow. Plowshare bone (Anat.), the pygostyle.

Plowtail, Ploughtail

Plow"tail`, Plough"tail` (?), n. The hind part or handle of a plow.

Plowwright, Ploughwright

Plow"wright`, Plough"wright` (?), n. One who makes or repairs plows.

Ploy

Ploy (?), n. Sport; frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Ploy

Ploy, v. i. [Prob. abbrev. fr. deploy.] (Mil.) To form a column from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of deploy. Wilhelm.

Ployment

Ploy"ment (?), n. (Mil.) The act or movement of forming a column from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of deployment.

Pluck

Pluck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plucking.] [AS. pluccian; akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pfl\'81cken, Icel. plokka, plukka, Dan. plukke, Sw. plocka.

1. To pull; to draw.

Its own nature . . . plucks on its own dissolution. Je

2. Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to pick; as, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin; to pluck grapes.

I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.
E'en children followed, with endearing wile, And plucked his gown to share the good man's smile. Goldsmith.

3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to pluck a fowl.

They which pass by the way do pluck her. Ps. lxxx.

4. (Eng. Universities) To reject at an examination for degrees. C. Bront\'82. To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away. -- To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower state. -- to pluck off, to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the skin. -- to pluck up. (a) To tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to pluk up a nation. Jer. xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to summon; as, to pluck up courage.

Pluck

Pluck, v. i. To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with at; as, to pluck at one's gown.

Pluck

Pluck, n.

1. The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.

2. [Prob. so called as being plucked out after the animal is killed; or cf. Gael. & Ir. pluc a lump, a knot, a bunch.] The heart, liver, and lights of an animal.

3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.

Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck. Thackeray.

4. The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See Pluck, v. t., 4.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The lyrie. [Prov. Eng.]

Plucked

Plucked (?), a. Having courage and spirit. [R.]

Plucker

Pluck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, plucks.

Thou setter up and plucker down of kings. Shak.

2. A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.

Pluckily

Pluck"i*ly (?), adv. In a plucky manner.

Pluckiness

Pluck"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being plucky.

Pluckless

Pluck"less, a. Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.

Plucky

Pluck"y (?), a. [Compar. Pluckier (?); superl. Pluckiest.] Having pluck or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck; courageous; spirited; as, a plucky race.
If you're plucky, and not over subject to fright. Barham.

Pluff

Pluff (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin.] To throw out, as smoke, dust, etc., in puffs. [Scot.]

Pluff

Pluff, n.

1. A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder. [Scot.]

2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it. [Scot.]

Plug

Plug (?), n. [Akin to D. plug, G. pflock, Dan. pl\'94k, plug, Sw. plugg; cf. W. ploc.]

1. Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a hole; a stopple.

2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco. [U. S.]

3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]

4. A worthless horse. [Slang, U.S.]

5. (Building) A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for nails. Fire plug, a street hydrant to which hose may be attached. [U. S.] -- Hawse plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse hole. -- Plug and feather. (Stone Working) See Feather, n., 7. -- Plug centerbit, a centerbit ending in a small cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it. -- Plug rod (Steam Eng.) , a rod attached to the beam for working the valves, as in the Cornish engine. -- Plug valve (Mech.), a tapering valve, which turns in a case like the plug of a faucet.

Plug

Plug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging (?).] To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.

Plugger

Plug"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, plugs.

Plugging

Plug"ging, n.

1. The act of stopping with a plug.

2. The material of which a plug or stopple is made.

Plum

Plum (?), n. [AS.pl&umac;me, fr. L. prunum; akin to Gr. Prune a dried plum.]

1. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of the Prunus domestica, and of several other species of Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually called plum tree.

The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of plum, of our gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation. G. Bentham.
<-- the types marked are in bold format, like collocations. --> &hand; Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from the Prunus domestica are described; among them the greengage, the Orleans, the purple gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the German prune, are some of the best known. &hand; Among the true plums are; Beach plum, the Prunus maritima, and its crimson or purple globular drupes, -- Bullace plum. See Bullace. -- Chickasaw plum, the American Prunus Chicasa, and its round red drupes. -- Orleans plum, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown in England for sale in the markets. -- Wild plum of America, Prunus Americana, with red or yellow fruit, the original of the Iowa plum and several other varieties. Among plants called plum, but of other genera than Prunus, are; Australian plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the same family with the persimmon. -- Blood plum, the West African H\'91matostaphes Barteri. -- Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See under Nectarine. -- Date plum. See under Date. -- Gingerbread plum, the West African Parinarium macrophyllum. -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee lime. -- Gray plum, Guinea plum. See under Guinea. -- Indian plum, several species of Flacourtia.

2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.

3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum of \'9c100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it. Plum bird, Plum budder (Zo\'94l.), the European bullfinch. -- Plum gouger (Zo\'94l.), a weevil, or curculio (Coccotorus scutellaris), which destroys plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the reception of its eggs. The larva bores into the stone and eats the kernel. -- Plum weevil (Zo\'94l.), an American weevil which is very destructive to plums, nectarines cherries, and many other stone fruits. It lays its eggs in crescent-shaped incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the pulp around the stone. Called also turk, and plum curculio. See Illust. under Curculio.

Pluma

Plu"ma (?), n.; pl. Plum\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A feather.

Plumage

Plum"age (?), n. [F., from plume a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire clothing of a bird. &hand; It consist of the contour feathers, or the ordinary feathers covering the head, neck, and body; the tail feathers, with their upper and lower coverts; the wing feathers, including primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, with their coverts; and the down which lies beneath the contour feathers. See Illust. under Bird.

Plumassary

Plu*mas"sa*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. plumasseau.] A plume or collection of ornamental feathers.

Plumassier

Plu`mas`sier" (?), n. [F.] One who prepares or deals in ornamental plumes or feathers.

Plumb

Plumb (?), n. [F. plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or bullet; cf. Gr. Plummet, Plunge.] A little mass or weight of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction; a plummet; a plumb bob. See Plumb line, below. Plumb bob. See Bob, 4. -- Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap joint, fastened by solder. -- Plumb level. See under Level. -- Plumb line. (a) The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet. (b) A line directed to the center of gravity of the earth. -- Plumb rule, a narrow board with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.

Plumb

Plumb, a. Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line attached to a plumb; as, the wall is plumb.

Plumb

Plumb, adv. In a plumb direction; perpendicularly. "Plumb down he falls." Milton.

Plumb

Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumbing (?).]

1. To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; as, to plumb a building or a wall.

2. To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to sound; to fathom; to test.

He did not attempt to plumb his intellect. Ld. Lytton.

3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a drainpipe.

4. To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.

Plumbage

Plumb"age (?), n. Leadwork [R.]

Plumbagin

Plum*ba"gin (?), n. [L. plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf. F. plombagin.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance said to be found in the root of a certain plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family. <-- p. 102 -->

Plumbagineous

Plum`ba*gin"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to natural order (Plumbagine\'91) of gamopetalous herbs, of which plumbago is the type. The order includes also the marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few other genera.

Plumbaginous

Plum*bag"i*nous (?), a. Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or containing, plumbago; as, a plumbaginous slate.

Plumbago

Plum*ba"go, n. [L., from plumbum lead.]

1. (Min.) Same as Graphite.

2. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.

Plumbean, Plumbeous

Plum"be*an (?), Plum"be*ous (?), a. [L. plumbeus, from plumbum the metal lead.]

1. Consisting of, or resembling, lead. J. Ellis.

2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.] J. P. Smith.

Plumber

Plumb"er (?), n. [F. plombier. See Plumb.] One who works in lead; esp., one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes, and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in buildings.

Plumber block

Plumb"er block` (?). A pillow block.

Plumbery

Plumb"er*y (?), n. [F. plomberie.]

1. The business of a plumber. [Obs.]

2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.

Plumbic

Plum"bic (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with plumbous compounds; as, plumbic oxide.

Plumbiferous

Plum*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Plumbum + -ferous.] Producing or containing lead. Kirwan.

Plumbing

Plumb"ing (?), n.

1. The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to building purposes; especially, the business of furnishing, fitting, and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, etc. Gwilt.

2. The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying water, sewage, etc., in a building.

Plumbism

Plum"bism (?), n. [From Plumbum.] (Med.) A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. It is characterized by various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under Colic, Lead, and Wrist.

Plumbous

Plum"bous (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with plumbic compounds.

Plumbum

Plum"bum (?), n. [L.] (Chem.) The technical name of lead. See Lead.

Plume

Plume (?), n. [F., fr. L. pluma. Cf. Fly, v.]

1. A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or handsome feather.

Wings . . . of many a colored plume. Milton.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An ornamental tuft of feathers.

3. A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.

His high plume, that nodded o'er his head. Dryden.

4. A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a prize or reward. "Ambitious to win from me some plume." Milton.

5. (Bot.) A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses. Plume bird (Zo\'94l.), any bird that yields ornamental plumes, especially the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and egrets, as the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima). -- Plume grass. (Bot) (a) A kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides) with the spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps in the Southern United States. (b) The still finer E. Ravenn\'91 from the Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole genus. -- Plume moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous small, slender moths, belonging to the family Pterophorid\'91. Most of them have the wings deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are injurious to the grapevine. -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), an aromatic Australian tree (Atherosperma moschata), whose numerous carpels are tipped with long plumose persistent styles.

Plume

Plume, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluming.] [Cf. F. plumer to pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with feathers.]

1. To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.

Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers. W. Irving.

2. To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to peel. [Obs.] Bacon. Dryden.

3. To adorn with feathers or plumes. "Farewell the plumed troop." Shak.

4. To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; as, he plumes himself on his skill. South. Plumed adder (Zo\'94l.), an African viper (Vipera, ∨ Clotho, cornuta), having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous, and is related to the African puff adder. Called also horned viper and hornsman. -- Plumed partridge (Zo\'94l.), the California mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus). See Mountain quail, under Mountain.

Plumeless

Plume"less (?), a. Without plumes.

Plumelet

Plume"let (?), n. [Plume + -let.] A small plume.
When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. Tennyson.

Plumery

Plum"er*y (?), n. Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage. [R.] Southey.

Plumicorn

Plu"mi*corn (?), n. [L. pluma feather + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) An ear tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.

Plumigerous

Plu*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L. plumiger; pluma a feather + gerere to bear.] Feathered; having feathers. Bailey

Plumiliform

Plu*mil"i*form (?), a. [L. plumula, or plumella a little feather (dim. of pluma feather) + -form.] Having the of a plume or feather. [R.]

Plumiped

Plu"mi*ped (?), a. [L. plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather + pes: cf. F. plumip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Having feet covered with feathers. -- n. A plumiped bird.

Plummet

Plum"met (?), n. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F. plomb. See Plumb.]

1. A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water.

I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded. Shak.

2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under Plumb, n.

3. Hence, any weight.

4. A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for writing. Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a sounding line.

Plumming

Plum"ming (?), n. [See Plumb.] (Min.) The operation of finding, by means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.

Plummy

Plum"my (?), a. [From Plum.] Of the nature of a plum; desirable; profitable; advantageous. [Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something plummy." G. Eliot.

Plumose, Plumous

Plu*mose" (?), Plu"mous (?), a. [L. plumosus, fr. pluma feather: cf. F. plumeux.]

1. Having feathers or plumes.

2. Having hairs, or other p\'a0rts, arranged along an axis like a feather; feathery; plumelike; as, a plumose leaf; plumose tentacles.

Plumosite

Plu"mo*site (?), n. (Min.) Same as Jamesonite.

Plumosity

Plu*mos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being plumose.

Plum

Plum (?), a. [Compar. Plumper (?); superl. Plumpest.] [OE. plomp rude, clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G., Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Plump, adv.] Well rounded or filled out; full; fleshy; fat; as, a plump baby; plump cheeks. Shak.
The god of wine did his plump clusters bring. T. Carew.

Plum

Plum, n. A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a plump of trees, fowls, or spears. [Obs.]
To visit islands and the plumps of men. Chapman.

Plump

Plump, v. i. [Cf. D. plompen, G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan. plumpe. See Plump, a.]

1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have plumped.

2. To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once."Dulcissa plumps into a chair." Spectator.

3. To give a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

Plump

Plump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumping.]

1. To make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with up.<-- as, to plump up the pillows -->

To plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles. Fuller.

2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to plump a stone into water.

3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

Plump

Plump, adv. [Cf. D. plomp, interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf. Plump, a. &v.] Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly. "Fall plump." Beau. & Fl.

Plumper

Plump"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else; hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.

2. (English Elections) A vote given to one candidate only, when two or more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others. A person who gives his vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his vote.

3. A voter who plumps his vote. [Eng.]

4. A downright, unqualified lie. [Colloq. or Low]

Plumply

Plump"ly, adv. Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve. [Colloq.]

Plumpness

Plump"ness, n. The quality or state of being plump.

Plumpy

Plump"y (?), a. Plump; fat; sleek. "Plumpy Bacchus." Shak.

Plumula

Plu"mu*la (?), n.; pl. L. Plumule (#), E.-las (#). [L. See Plumule.]

1. (Bot.) A plumule.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A down feather.

Plumulaceous

Plu`mu*la"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Downy; bearing down.

Plumular

Plu"mu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to a plumule.

Plumularia

Plu`mu*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. Plumularl\'91 (#), E. Plumularias (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Any hydroid belonging to Plumularia and other genera of the family Plumularid\'91. They generally grow in plumelike forms.

Plumularian

Plu`mu*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any Plumularia. Also used adjectively.

Plumule

Plu"mule (?), n. [L. plumula, dim. of pluma a feather; cf. F. plumule.]

1. (Bot.) The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of Radicle. Gray.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A down feather. (b) The aftershaft of a feather. See Illust. under Feather. (c) One of the featherlike scales of certain male butterflies.

Plumulose

Plu"mu*lose" (?), a. Having hairs branching out laterally, like the parts of a feather.

Plumy

Plum"y (?), a. Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes; feathery. "His plumy crest." Addison. "The plumy trees." J. S. Blackie.

Plunder

Plun"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plundering.] [G. pl\'81ndern to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.]

1. To take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; as, to plunder travelers.

Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God. South.

2. To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; as, the enemy plundered all the goods they found. Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob.

Plunder

Plun"der (?), n.

1. The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See Syn. of Pillage.

Inroads and plunders of the Saracens. Sir T. North.

2. That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil; booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud. "He shared in the plunder." Cowper.

3. Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage. [Slang, Southwestern U.S.]

Plunderage

Plun"der*age (?), n. (Mar. Law) The embezzlement of goods on shipboard. Wharton.

Plunderer

Plun"der*er (?), n. One who plunders or pillages.

Plunge

Plunge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging (?).] [OE. ploungen, OF. plongier, F. plonger, fr. (assumed) LL. plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See Plumb.]

1. To thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse; to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to thrust; as, to plunge the body into water; to plunge a dagger into the breast. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge a nation into war. "To plunge the boy in pleasing sleep." Dryden.

Bound and plunged him into a cell. Tennyson.
We shall be plunged into perpetual errors. I. Watts.

2. To baptize by immersion.

3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome. [Obs.]

Plunged and graveled with three lines of Seneca. Sir T. Browne.

Plunge

Plunge, v. i.

1. To thrust or cast one's self into water or other fluid; to submerge one's self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he plunged into the river. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge into debt.

Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea. Dryden.
To plunge into guilt of a murther. Tillotson.

2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a horse does.

Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges. Bp. Hall.

3. To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous speculations. [Cant] Plunging fire (Gun.), firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated position.

Plunge

Plunge, n.

1. The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a plunge.

2. Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or overwhelmed with difficulties. [R.]

She was brought to that plunge, to conceal her husband's murder or accuse her son. Sir P. Sidney.
And with thou not reach out a friendly arm, To raise me from amidst this plunge of sorrows? Addison.

3. The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently forward, like an unruly horse.

4. Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation. [Cant] Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the bather can wholly immerse himself. -- Plunge, ∨ plunging, battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.

Plunger

Plun"ger (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.

2. A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a forcer in pumps.

3. One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless speculator. [Cant]

4. (Pottery) A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy consistence. Knight.

5. (Gun.) The firing pin of a breechloader. Plunger bucket, a piston, without a valve, in a pump. -- Plunger pole, the pump rod of a pumping engine. -- Plunger pump, a pump, as for water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water. It may be single-acting or double-acting

Plunket

Plun"ket (?), n. A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of cloth, generally blue.

Pluperfect

Plu"per`fect (?), a. [L. plus more + perfectus perfect; cf. F. plus-que-parfait, L. plusquamperfectum.] More than perfect; past perfect; -- said of the tense which denotes that an action or event was completed at or before the time of another past action or event. -- n. The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.

Plural

Plu"ral (?), a [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more; cf. F. pluriel, OF. plurel. See Plus.] Relating to, or containing, more than one; designating two or more; as, a plural word.
Plural faith, which is too much by one. Shak.
Plural number (Gram.), the number which designates more than one. See Number, n., 8.

Plural

Plu"ral, n. (Gram.) The plural number; that form of a word which expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.

Pluralism

Plu"ral*ism (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.

2. (Eccl.) The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time. [Eng.]

Pluralist

Plu"ral*ist, n. (Eccl.) A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one ecclesiastical benefice. [Eng.]
Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were pluralists. Macaulay.

Plurality

Plu*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. pluralities (#). [L. pluralitas: cf. F. pluralit\'82.]

1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more than one; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a plurality of worlds; the plurality of a verb. <-- p. 103 -->

2. The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate over those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there are more than two candidates, the one who receives the plurality of votes may have less than a majority. See Majority.

Take the plurality of the world, and they are neither wise nor good. L'Estrange.

3. (Eccl.) See Plurality of benefices, below. Plurality of benefices (Eccl.), the possession by one clergyman of more than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a plurality. [Eng.]

Pluralization

Plu`ral*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer.

Pluralize

Plu"ral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluralizing (?).]

1. To make plural by using the plural termination; to attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form.

2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.]

Pluralize

Plu"ral*ize, v. i.

1. To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun pluralizes. Earle.

2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.]

Pluralizer

Plu"ral*i`zer (?), n. (Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.]

Plurally

Plu"ral*ly, adv. In a plural manner or sense.

Pluri-

Plu"ri- (?). [See Plus.] A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more, many; as pluriliteral.

Pluries

Plu"ri*es (?), n. [So called from L. pluries many times, often, which occurs in the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued in the third place, after two former writs have been disregarded. Mozley & W.

Plurifarious

Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris, many. Cf. Bifarious.] Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.

Plurifoliolate

Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pluri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having several or many leaflets.

Pluriliteral

Plu`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pluri- + literal.] Consisting of more letters than three. -- n. A pluriliteral word.

Plurilocular

Plu`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pluri- + locular.] Having several cells or loculi; specifically (Bot.), having several divisions containing seeds; as, the lemon and the orange are plurilocular fruits. Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.), many-celled sporangia, each cell containing a single spore, as in many alg\'91.

Pluriparous

Plu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.] Producing several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal.

Pluripartite

Plu`ri*par"tite (?), a. [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.) Deeply divided into several portions.

Pluripresence

Plu`ri*pres"ence (?), n. [Pluri- + presence.] Presence in more places than one. [R.] Johnson.

Plurisy

Plu"ri*sy (?), n. [L. plus, pluris, more.] Superabundance; excess; plethora. [Obs.] Shak.

Plus

Plus (?), a. [L., more; akin to Gr. full. See Full, a., and cf. Pi\'97, Pleonasm.]

1. (Math.) More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from negative; -- opposed to minus.

2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.

Success goes invariably with a certain plus or positive power. Emerson.
Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive quantity.

Plush

Plush (?), n. [F. pluche, peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus hair. See pile hair, and cf. Peruke.] A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper.

Plushy

Plush"y (?), a. Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.

Plutarchy

Plu"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of wealth. [R.]

Pluteal

Plu"te*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus.

Pluteus

Plu"te*us (?), n.; pl. L. Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses (#). [L., a shed.] (Zo\'94l.) The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.

Pluto

Plu"to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower World. Pluto monkey (Zo\'94l.), a long-tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus pluto), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.

Plutocracy

Plu*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. plutocratie.] A form of government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men.

Plutocrat

Plu"to*crat (?), n. One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one of the plutocracy.

Plutocratic

Plu`to*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic ideas. Bagehot.

Plutology

Plu*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of wealth.

Plutonian

Plu*to"ni*an (?), a. [L. Plutonius, Gr. plutonien.] Plutonic. Poe.

Plutonian

Plu*to"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) A Plutonist.

Plutonic

Plu*ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.]

1. Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the interior of the earth; subterranean.

2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists; igneous; as, the Plutonic theory. Plutonic action (Geol.), the influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean forces under pressure. -- Plutonic rocks (Geol.), granite, porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated from a melted state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. Intrusive rocks, under Intrusive. -- Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See Plutonism.

Plutonism

Plu"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory.

Plutonist

Plu"to*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See Plutonism.

Plutus

Plu"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without discrimination of merit.

Pluvial

Plu"vi*al, a. [L. pluvialis, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See Plover.]

1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.]

2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain.

Pluvial

Plu"vi*al, n. [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F. pluvial.] A priest's cope.

Pluviameter

Plu`vi*am"e*ter (?), n. See Pluviometer.

Pluviametrical

Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al (?), a. See Pluviometrical.

Pluvian

Plu"vi*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crocodile bird.

Pluviometer

Plu`vi*om"e*ter (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F. pluviom\'8atre.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a given time; a rain gauge.

Pluviometrical

Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pluviom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.

Pluvi\'93se

Plu`vi`\'93se" (?), n. [F. See Pluvious.] The fifth month of the French republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended February 18. See Vend\'82miaire.

Pluvious

Plu"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvieux. See Pluvial, a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T. Browne.

Ply

Ply (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plying (?).] [OE. plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr. flechten. Cf. Apply, Complex, Display, Duplicity, Employ, Exploit, Implicate, Plait, Pliant, Flax.]

1. To bend. [Obs.]

As men may warm wax with handes plie. Chaucer.

2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.

And plies him with redoubled strokes Dryden.
He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak.

3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.

Go ply thy needle; meddle not. Shak.

4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.

Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller.

Ply

Ply, v. i.

1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.]

It would rather burst atwo than plye. Chaucer.
The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange.

2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer plies between certain ports.

Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard and daily). Milton.
He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. Addison.
The heavy hammers and mallets plied. Longfellow.

3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat.

Ply

Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See Ply, v.]

1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot.

2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.

The late learners can not so well take the ply. Bacon.
Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not understand the secret plies of his character. W. Irving.
The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the last. Macaulay.
&hand; Ply is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.

Plyer

Ply"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl. A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross. (b) pl. See Pliers.

Plyght

Plyght (?), v. & n. See Plight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plymouth Brethren

Plym"outh Breth"ren (?). The members of a religious sect which first appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called Brethren, Christian Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a division of the Brethren.

Pneometer

Pne*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.

Pneumatic, Pneumatical

Pneu*mat"ic (?), Pneu*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. pneumaticus, Gr. fnehan: cf. F. pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.]

1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid.

The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body. Bacon.

2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties; pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. "Pneumatical discoveries." Stewart.

3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic instrument; a pneumatic engine.

4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as, pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones. Pneumatic action, ∨ Pneumatic lever (Mus.), a contrivance for overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. -- Pneumatic dispatch, a system of tubes, leading to various points, through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and pressure of air. -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure. -- Pneumatic pump, an air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric railway, under Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances. -- Pneumatic trough, a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for collecting gases in chemical operations. -- Pneumatic tube. See Pneumatic dispatch, above.

Pneumaticity

Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of the bones of birds.

Pneumatics

Pneu*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatique.]

1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure, elasticity, etc. See Mechanics.

2. (Philos. & Theol.) The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.

Pleumato-

Pleu"ma*to- (?). A combining form from Gr. wind, air, breath, respiration; as, pneumatograph, pneumatology.

Pneumatocele

Pneu*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. pneumatoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.

Pneumatocyst

Pneu*mat"o*cyst (?), n. [Pneumato- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A cyst or sac of a siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia.

Pneumatogarm

Pneu*mat"o*garm (?), n. [Pneumato- + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing of the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.

Pneumatograph

Pneu*mat"o*graph (?), n. [Pneumato- + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall during respiration; -- also called stethograph.

Pneumatological

Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pneumatologique.] Of or pertaining to pneumatology.

Pneumatologist

Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in pneumatology.

Pneumatology

Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.]

1. The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See Pneumatics, 1.

2. (Philos. & Theol.) The science of spiritual being or phenomena of any description.

Pneumatometer

Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in respiration.

Pneumatometry

Pneu`ma*tom"e*try (?), n. See Spirometry.

Pneumatophore

Pneu*mat"o*phore (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pneumonophora.

Pneumatothorax

Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax (?), n. [Pneumato- + thorax.] (Med.) See Pneumothorax.

Pneumo-

Pneu"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. a lung; as, pneumogastric, pneumology.

Pneumococcus

Pneu`mo*coc"cus (?), n. [See Pneumo-, and Coccus.] (Biol.) A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.

Pneumogastric

Pneu`mo*gas"tric (?), a. [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the lungs and the stomach. -- n. The pneumogastric nerve. Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.

Pneumograph

Pneu"mo*graph (?), n. Same as Pneumatograph.

Pneumography

Pneu*mog"ra*phy (?), n [Pneumo- + -graphy.] A description of the lungs. Dunglison.

Pneumology

Pneu*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumo- + -logy.] (Anat.) The science which treats of the lungs.

Pneumometer

Pneu*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.

Pneumometry

Pneu*mom"e*try (?), n. Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air. Dunglison.

Pneumonia

Pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pneumatio, Pulmonary.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lungs. &hand; Catarrhal pneumonia, ∨ Broncho-pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time. -- Croupous pneumonia, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under Croupous. -- Fibroid pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.

Pneumonic

Pneu*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. pneumonique.] (a) Of or pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic. (b) Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as, pneumonic symptoms.

Pneumonic

Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine for affections of the lungs.

Pneumonitic

Pneu`mo*nit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.

Pneumonitis

Pneu`mo*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pneumo-, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia. <-- p. 104 -->

Pneumonometer

Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [See Pneumo-, and -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer; a pneumometer.

Pneumonophora

Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of Siphonophora which includes the Physalia and allied genera; -- called also Pneumatophor\'91.

Pneumony

Pneu"mo*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumonie.] See Pneumonia.

Pneumo\'94toka

Pneu`mo*\'94t"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumo-, and O\'94ticoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sauropsida.

Pneumophora

Pneu*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumonophora.] (Zo\'94l.) (Zo\'94l.) A division of holothurians having an internal gill, or respiratory tree.

Pneumoskeleton

Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Pneumo- + skeleton.] (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.

Pneumotherapy

Pneu`mo*ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. therapy.] (Med.) The treatment of disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air.

Pneumothorax

Pneu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. thorax.] (Med.) A condition in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; -- called also pneumatothorax.

Pnigalion

Pni*ga"li*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Nightmare.

Pnyx

Pnyx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The place at Athens where the meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc.

Poa

Po"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including a great number of species, as the kinds called meadow grass, Kentucky blue grass, June grass, and spear grass (which see).

Poach

Poach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poaching.] [F. pocher to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg being as it were pouched in the white), from poche pocket, pouch. See Pouch, v. &n.]

1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon.

2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game; hence, to plunder. Garth.

Poach

Poach, v. i. To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night; to hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for salmon.

Poach

Poach, v. t. [Cf. OF. pocher to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to bruise (the eyes), F. pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E. poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and poke to thrust against.]

1. To stab; to pierce; to spear, \as fish. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.]

His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow ground. Sir W. Temple.

3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson.

4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon.

Poach

Poach, v. i. To become soft or muddy.
Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter. Mortimer.

Poachard

Poach"ard (?), n. [From Poach to stab.] [Written also pocard, pochard.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European duck (Aythya ferina); -- called also goldhead, poker, and fresh-water, ∨ red-headed, widgeon. (b) The American redhead, which is closely allied to the European poachard. Red-crested poachard (Zo\'94l.), an Old World duck (Branta rufina). -- Scaup poachard, the scaup duck. -- Tufted poachard, a scaup duck (Aythya, ∨ Fuligula cristata), native of Europe and Asia.

Poacher

Poach"er (?), n.

1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to law.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.] Sea poacher (Zo\'94l.), the lyrie.

Poachiness

Poach"i*ness (?), n. The state of being poachy; marshiness.

Poachy

Poach"y (?), a. [See Poach to stab.] Wet and soft; easily penetrated by the feet of cattle; -- said of land

Poak, Poake

Poak, Poake (?), n. Waste matter from the preparation of skins, consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.

Pocan

Po"can (?), n. (Bot.) The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also pocan bush.

Pochard

Po"chard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Poachard.

Pock

Pock (?), n. [OE. pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D. pok, G. pocke, and perh. to E. poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.] (Med.) A pustule raised on the surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases.
Of pokkes and of scab every sore. Chaucer.

Pockarred

Pock"arred (?), a. See Pockmarked. [Obs.]

Pock-broken

Pock"-bro`ken (?), a. Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.

Pocket

Pock"et (?), n. [OE. poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F. pochette, dim. fr. poque, pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic origin. See Poke a pocket, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.]

1. A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively, money; wealth.

2. One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the balls are driven.

3. A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger, hops, cowries, etc. &hand; In the wool or hop trade, the pocket contains half sack, or about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being sold by actual weight.

4. (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.

5. (Mining.) (a) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A hole containing water.

6. (Nat.) A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a light spar can placed in the interspace.

7. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pouch. &hand; Pocket is often used adjectively, or in the formation of compound words usually of obvious signification; as, pocket comb, pocket compass, pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket money, pocket picking, or pocket-picking, etc. Out of pocket. See under Out, prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough "owned" by some person. See under Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American rodents of the genera Geomys, and Thomomys, family Geomyd\'91. They have large external cheek pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North America, from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called also pouched gopher. -- Pocket mouse (Zo\'94l.), any species of American mice of the family Saccomyid\'91. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo mice. They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc. -- Pocket piece, a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent. -- Pocket pistol, a pistol to be carried in the pocket. -- Pocket sheriff (Eng. Law), a sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without a nomination by the judges in the exchequer. Burrill. <-- deep pocket, ∨ deep pockets, wealth or substantial financial assets. Used esp. in legal actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a defendant with "deep pockets", so as to be able to actually obtain the sum of damages which may be judged due to him. This contrasts with a "judgment-proof" defendant, one who has neither assets nor insurance, and against whom a judgment for monetary damages would be worthless. -->

Pocket

Pock"et (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.]

1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change.

He would pocket the expense of the license. Sterne.

2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently.

He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long been dead. Macaulay.
To pocket a ball (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the table. -- To pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront without open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must pocket up these wrongs." Shak.

Pocketbook

Pock"et*book` (?), n. A small book or case for carrying papers, money, etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.

Pocketful

Pock"et*ful (?), n.; pl. Pocketfuls (. As much as a pocket will hold; enough to fill a pocket; as, pocketfuls of chestnuts.

Pocketknife

Pock"et*knife` (?), n.; pl. -knives (. A knife with one or more blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in the pocket.

Pock-fretten

Pock"-fret`ten (?), a. See Pockmarked.

Pockiness

Pock"i*ness (?), n. The state of being pocky.

Pockmark

Pock"mark (?), n. A mark or pit made by smallpox.

Pockmarked

Pock"marked` (?), a. Marked by smallpox; pitted.

Pock-pitted

Pock"-pit`ted (?), a. Pockmarked; pitted.

Pock-pudding

Pock"-pud`ding (?), n. A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule formerly applied by the Scotch to the English.

Pockwood

Pock"wood` (?), n. [So called because formerly used as a specific for the pock.] (Bot.) Lignum-vit\'91.

Pocky

Pock"y (?), a. [Compar. Pockier (?); superl. Pockiest.] Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease. Bp. Hall.

Poco

Po"co (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) A little; -- used chiefly in phrases indicating the time or movement; as, poco pi\'97 allegro, a little faster; poco largo, rather slow. Poco a poco [It.] (Mus.) Little by little; as, poco a poco crescendo, gradually increasing in loudness.

Pocock

Po"cock (?), n. Peacock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pococurante

Po`co*cu*ran"te (?), n. [It. poco curante caring little.] A careless person; a trifler. [R.]

Pococurantism

Po`co*cu*ran"tism (?). n. Carelessness; apathy; indifference. [R.] Carlyle.

Pocoson

Po*co"son (?), n. Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and Virginia. [Written also poquoson.] Washington.

Poculent

Poc"u*lent (?), a. [L. poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.] Fit for drink. [Obs.] "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . poculent." Bacon.

Poculiform

Poc"u*li*form (?), a. [L. poculum a cup + -form: cf. F. poculiforme.] Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.

-pod

-pod (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or suffix from Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot; as, decapod, an animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an animal having leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod.

Pod

Pod (?), n. [Probably akin to pudding, and perhaps the same word as pad a cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also E. cod a husk, pod.]

1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; -- said of seals. Pod auger, ∨ pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of which is straight instead of twisted.

Pod

Pod, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n. Podding.] To swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.

-poda

-po*da (?). A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. foot; as, hexapoda, myriapoda. See -pod.

Podagra

Pod"a*gra (?), n. [L. See Podagric.] (Med.) Gout in the joints of the foot; -- applied also to gout in other parts of body.

Podagric, Podagrical

Po*dag"ric (?), Po*dag"ric*al (?), a. [L. podagricus, Gr.

1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.

2. Afflicted with gout. Sir T. Browne.

Podagrous

Pod"a*grous (?), a. Gouty; podagric.

Podalgia

Po*dal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) pain in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc.

Podarthrum

Po*dar"thrum (?), n.; pl. Podarthra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The foot joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and the toes.

Podded

Pod"ded (?), a. Having pods.

Podder

Pod"der (?), n. One who collects pods or pulse.

Podesta

Po*des"ta (?), n. [It. podest\'85, fr. L. potestas power, magistracy. See Potent.]

1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle Ages. Brande & C.

2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.

Podetium

Po*de"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Podetia (#), E. Podetiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, as in the so-called reindeer moss.

Podge

Podge (?), n. [Cf. G. patsche puddle, mire.]

1. A puddle; a plash. Skinner.

2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Podgy

Podg"y (?), a. Fat and short; pudgy.

Podical

Pod"i*cal (?) a. [L. podex, podicis, the anus.] (Zo\'94l.) Anal; -- applied to certain organs of insects.

Podiceps

Pod"i*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. podex, podicis, anus + pes foot.] (Zo\'94l.) See Grebe.

Podium

Po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Podia (#). [L., fr. Gr. Pew.]

1. (Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall. It is especially employed by arch\'91ologists in two senses: (a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began. (b) The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes containing chambers. See Illust. of Column.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The foot.

Podley

Pod"ley (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young coalfish.

Podo-

Pod"o- (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot; as, podocarp, podocephalous, podology.

Podobranch

Pod"o*branch (?), n. [See Podo-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of branchi\'91 attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.

Podobranchia

Pod`o*bran"chi*a (?) n., pl. Podobranchle (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Podobranch.

Podocarp

Pod"o*carp (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.) A stem, or footstalk, supporting the fruit.

Podocephalous

Pod`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having a head of flowers on a long peduncle, or footstalk.

Podogynium

Pod`o*gyn"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + (Bot.) Same as Basigynium

Podophthalmia

Pod`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Podophthalmic.] (Zo\'94l.) The stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order of Crustacea having the eyes supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, and prawns. Called also Podophthalmata, and Decapoda.

Podophthalmic, Podophthalmous

Pod`oph*thal"mic (?), Pod`oph*thal"mous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels. (b) Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.

Podophthalmite

Pod`oph*thal"mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eyestalk of a crustacean.

Podophyllin

Pod`o*phyl"lin (?), n. [From Podophyllum.] (Chem.) A brown bitter gum extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum). It is a complex mixture of several substances.

Podophyllous

Pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive organs.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up of lamin\'91, beneath a horse's hoof.

Podophyllum

Pod`o*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +

1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large palmately lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two species, the American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the Himalayan P. Emodi.

2. (Med.) The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum), -- used as a cathartic drug.

Podoscaph

Pod"o*scaph (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. A canoe-shaped float attached to the foot, for walking on water.

Podosperm

Pod"o*sperm (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. podosperme.] (Bot.) The stalk of a seed or ovule.

Podostomata

Pod`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See Rhabdopleura.

Podotheca

Pod`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Podothec\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + (Zo\'94l.) The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or reptile.

Podrida

Po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp., rotten.] A miscellaneous dish of meats. See Olla-podrida.

Podura

Po*du"ra (?), n.; pl. L. Podur\'91 (#), E. Poduras (#). [NL.; Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the genus Podura and related genera; a springtail. <-- p. 105 --> Podura scale (Zo\'94l.), one of the minute scales with which the body of a podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope.

Podurid

Po*du"rid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Podura or allied genera. -- a. Pertaining to the poduras.

Poe

Po"e (?), n. Same as Pol.

Poebird

Po"e*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parson bird.

P\'d2cile

P\'d2"ci*le (?), n. Same as Poicile.

P\'d2cilitic

P\'d2`ci*lit"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) (a) Mottled with various colors; variegated; spotted; -- said of certain rocks. (b) Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of red and other colors. [Also written poikilitic.]

P\'d2cilopod

P\'d2*cil"o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'d2cilopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the P\'d2cilopoda. Also used adjectively.

P\'d2cilopoda

P\'d2`ci*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs (Limuloidea). (b) By some recent writers applied to the Merostomata.

Poem

Po"em (?), n. [L. po\'89ma, Gr. po\'89me.]

1. A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from prose; as, the poems of Homer or of Milton.

2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.

Poematic

Po`em*at"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; poetical. [R.] Coleridge.

Poenamu

Po*e"na*mu (?), n. (Min.) A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons.

P P (?), n. See Penology.

Poephaga

Po*eph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of herbivorous marsupials including the kangaroos and their allies. -- Po*eph"a*gous (#), a.

Poesy

Po"e*sy (?), n. [F. po\'82sie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr. Posy.]

1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the heavenly gift of poesy. Shak.

2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems.

Music and poesy used to quicken you. Shak.

3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy. Bacon.

Poet

Po"et (?), n. [F. po\'89te, L. po\'89ta, fr. Gr. Poem.] One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.
A poet is a maker, as the word signifies. Dryden.
Poet laureate. See under Laureate.

Poetaster

Po"et*as`ter (?), n. An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler in poetic art.
The talk of forgotten poetasters. Macaulay.

Poetastry

Po"et*as`try (?), n. The works of a poetaster. [R.]

Poetess

Po"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. po\'82tesse.] A female poet.

Poetic, Poetical

Po*et"ic (?), Po*et"ic*al (?), a. [L. po\'89ticus, Gr. po\'82tiquee.]

1. Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing poetry; as, poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments. Shak.

2. Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a poetical composition; poetical prose. Poetic license. See License, n., 4.

Poetically

Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv. In a poetic manner.

Poetics

Po*et"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. po\'82tique, L. po\'89tica, po\'89tice, Gr. The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton.

Poeticule

Po*et"i*cule (?), n. A poetaster. Swinburne.

Poetize

Po"et*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Poetized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poetizing.] [Cf. F. po\'82tiser.] To write as a poet; to compose verse; to idealize.
I versify the truth, not poetize. Donne.

Poetry

Po"et*ry (?), n. [OF. poeterie. See Poet.]

1. The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression.

For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge, human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language. Coleridge.

2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric poetry. "The planetlike music of poetry." Sir P. Sidney.

She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry. Shak.

Poetship

Po"et*ship, n. The state or personality of a poet. [R.]

Poggy

Pog"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Porgy. (b) A small whale.

Pogy

Po"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden. &hand; Pogy is often confounded with porgy, and therefore incorrectly applied to various fishes.

Poh

Poh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !

Pohagen

Po*ha"gen, n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pauhaugen.

Poi

Po"i (?), n. A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste, which is allowed to ferment.

Poicile, ∨ P\'d2cile

Poi"ci*le (?), ∨ P\'d2"ci*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poecile.] The frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught. R. Browning.

Poignancy

Poign"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being poignant; as, the poignancy of satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift.

Poignant

Poign"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere to prick, sting. See Pungent.]

1. Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. "His poignant spear." Spenser. "Poynaunt sauce." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.

His wit . . . became more lively and poignant. Sir W. Scott.

Poignantly

Poign"ant*ly, adv. In a poignant manner.

Poikilitic

Poi`ki*lit"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See P\'d2cilitic.

Poikilocyte

Poi"ki*lo*cyte (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) An irregular form of corpuscle found in the blood in cases of profound an\'91mia, probably a degenerated red blood corpuscle.

Poikilothermal, Poikilothermic

Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal (?), Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic (?), a. [Gr. thermal, thermic.] (Physiol.) Having a varying body temperature. See Homoiothermal.

Poikilothermous

Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous (?), a. (Physiol.) Poikilothermal.

Poinciana

Poin`ci*a"na (?), n. [NL. Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of the French West Indies.] (Bot.) A prickly tropical shrub (C\'91salpinia, formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments. &hand; The genus Poinciana is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.

Poind

Poind (?), v. t. [See Pound to confine.]

1. To impound, as cattle. [Obs. or Scot.] Flavel.

2. To distrain. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Poinder

Poind"er (?), n.

1. The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or Scot.] T. Adams.

2. One who distrains property. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Poinsettia

Poin*set"ti*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Joel R. Poinsett of South Carolina.] (Bot.) A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with very large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.

Point

Point (?), v. t. & i. To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser.

Point

Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture.]

1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.

2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer.

3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line.

4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick.

5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced.

6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge.

When time's first point begun Made he all souls. Sir J. Davies.

7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.

And there a point, for ended is my tale. Chaucer.
Commas and points they set exactly right. Pope.

8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by tenpoints. "A point of precedence." Selden. "Creeping on from point to point." Tennyson.

A lord full fat and in good point. Chaucer.

9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc.

He told him, point for point, in short and plain. Chaucer.
In point of religion and in point of honor. Bacon.
Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ? Milton.

10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be established; as, the point of an anecdote. "Here lies the point." Shak.

They will hardly prove his point. Arbuthnot.

11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.

This fellow doth not stand upon points. Shak.
[He] cared not for God or man a point. Spenser.

12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as: (a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a tune. "Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a flourish, but a point of war." Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes.

13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See Equinoctial Nodal.

14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See Escutcheon.

15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see Points of the compass, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef.

16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress. Sir W. Scott.

17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See Point lace, below.

18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.]

19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant, U. S.]

20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.

21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the dog came to a point. See Pointer.

22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point system of type, under Type.

23. A tyne or snag of an antler.

24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.

25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce point. &hand; The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc. At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At point, In point, At, In, ∨ On, the point, as near as can be; on the verge; about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was on the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." Chaucer. "Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side." Milton. -- Dead point. (Mach.) Same as Dead center, under Dead. -- Far point (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye separately (monocular near point). -- Nine points of the law, all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority. -- On the point. See At point, above. -- Point lace, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow. -- Point net, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). -- Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity change sides. -- Point of order, in parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the rules. -- Point of sight (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator. -- Point of view, the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject is considered. -- Points of the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See Illust. under Compass. -- Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design. -- Point system of type. See under Type. -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. -- To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. -- To make a point of, to attach special importance to. -- To make, ∨ gain, a point, accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position. -- To mark, ∨ score, a point, as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. -- To strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. -- Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant.

Point

Point (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pointing.] [Cf. F. pointer. See Point, n.]

1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart, or a pencil. Used also figuratively; as, to point a moral.

2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf, or a cannon at a fort.

3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.

Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and pointed to every scene of them. Pope.

4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to point a composition.

5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.

6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner; to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed out. Pope.

He points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward manner of speech. Dickens.

7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.

8. (Masonry) To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface.

9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool. To point a rope (Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by interweaving the nettles. -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To point off, to divide into periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To point the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that the wind shall strike the sails obliquely. Totten. <-- p. 106 -->

Point

Point (point), v. i.

1. To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; -- with at.

Now must the world point at poor Katharine. Shak.
Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe. Dryden.

2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as certain hunting dogs do.

He treads with caution, and he points with fear. Gay.

3. (Med.) To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an abscess. To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to. -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; -- said of a vessel.

Pointal

Point"al (?), n. [From Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden prop, OF. pointille a prick or prickle.]

1. (Bot.) The pistil of a plant.

2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages. "A pair of tablets [i. e., tablets] . . . and a pointel." Chaucer.

3. (Arch.) See Poyntel. [Obs. or R.]

Point-blank

Point`-blank" (?), n. [F. point point + blanc white.]

1. The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is aimed. [Obs.] Jonson.

2. (Mil.) (a) With all small arms, the second point in which the natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory. (b) With artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal.

Point-blank

Point`-blank", a.

1. Directed in a line toward the object aimed at; aimed directly toward the mark.

2. Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of language; as, a point-blank assertion. Point-blank range, the extent of the apparent right line of a ball discharged. -- Point-blank shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly toward the object to be hit.

Point-blank

Point`-blank", adv. In a point-blank manner.
To sin point-blank against God's word. Fuller.
<-- the following foreign words had no mark in front, in the original. Why? -->

Point d'appui

Point` d'ap`pui" (?). [F.] (Mil.) See under Appui.

Point-device, Point-devise

Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise" (?), a. [OE. at point devis; at at + point point, condition + devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed, set. See Device.] Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.
You are rather point-devise in your accouterments. Shak.
Thus he grew up, in logic point-devise, Perfect in grammar, and in rhetoric nice. Longfellow.

Point-device, Point-devise

Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", adv. Exactly. [Obs.] Shak.

Pointed

Point"ed (?), a.

1. Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed rock.

2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression; terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular person or thing.

His moral pleases, not his pointed wit. Pope.
Pointed arch (Arch.), an arch with a pointed crown. -- Pointed style (Arch.), a name given to that style of architecture in which the pointed arch is the predominant feature; -- more commonly called Gothic. -- Point"ed*ly, adv. -- Point"ed*ness, n.

Pointel

Point"el (?), n. [From Point. Cf. Pointal.] See Pointal.

Pointer

Point"er (?), n. One who, or that which, points. Specifically: (a) The hand of a timepiece. (b) (Zo\'94l.) One of a breed of dogs trained to stop at scent of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen. (c) pl. (Astron.) The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line between which points nearly in the direction of the north star. See Illust. of Ursa Major. (b) pl. (Naut.) Diagonal braces sometimes fixed across the hold.

Pointing

Point"ing, n.

1. The act of sharpening.

2. The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of something pointed, as a finger or a rod.

3. The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.

4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar, cement, etc.; also, the material so used.

5. The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first process of high milling.

6. (Sculpt.) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.

Pointingstock

Point`ing*stock` (?), n. An object of ridicule or scorn; a laughingstock. Shak.

Pointless

Point"less, a. Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a pointless sword; a pointless remark. Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid.

Pointlessly

Point"less*ly, adv. Without point.

Pointleted

Point"let*ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a small, distinct point; apiculate. Henslow.

Pointrel

Poin"trel (?), n. A graving tool. Knight.

Pointsman

Points"man (?), n.; pl. -men (-men). A man who has charge of railroad points or switches. [Eng.]

Poise

Poise (?), n. [OE. pois, peis, OF. pois, peis, F. poids, fr. L. pensum a portion weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf. Avoirdupois, Pendant, Poise, v.] [Formerly written also peise.]

1. Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness. "Weights of an extraordinary poise." Evelyn. <-- Obsolete? -->

2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the substance weighed.

3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise; balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley.

4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight.

Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment. Dryden.

Poise

Poise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poised, (; p. pr. & vb. n. Poising.] [OE. poisen, peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance, OF. il peise, il poise, he weighs, F. il p\'8ase, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See Poise, n., and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written also peise.]

1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a balance.

2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.

Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own foundation lie. Dryden.

3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance.

One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. Shak.
To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. Dryden.

4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.

He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and discern the evidence. South.

5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.]

Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow. Shak.

Poise

Poise, v. i. To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or doubt.
The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. Longfellow.

Poiser

Pois"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The balancer of dipterous insects.

Poison

Poi"son (?), n. [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. potio a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. potare to drink. See Potable, and cf. Potion.]

1. Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of pestilential diseases.

2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the poison of evil example; the poison of sin. Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera) found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac (Rhus venenata). [U. S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac. -- Poison fang (Zo\'94l.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of some species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under Fang. -- Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ capable of inflicting a wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous umbelliferous plant (Conium maculatum). See Hemlock. -- Poison ivy (Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus Toxicodendron) of North America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac. Called also poison oak, and mercury. -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica. (b) The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon. Poison sac. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Poison gland, above. See Illust. under Fang. -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R. venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison dogwood, and poison elder. It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles, and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree (Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan. Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. -- Poison, Venom. Poison usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth, breath, etc. Venom is something discharged from animals and received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, venom specifically implies some malignity of nature or purpose.

Poison

Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poisoning.] [Cf. OF. poisonner, F. empoissoner, L. potionare to give to drink. See Poison, n.]

1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison an arrow; to poison food or drink. "The ingredients of our poisoned chalice." Shak.

2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.

If you poison us, do we not die ? Shak.

3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness; slander poisoned his mind.

Whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge.

Poison

Poi"son, v. i. To act as, or convey, a poison.
Tooth that poisons if it bite. Shak.

Poisonable

Poi"son*a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of poisoning; poisonous. [Obs.] "Poisonable heresies." Tooker.

2. Capable of being poisoned.

Poisoner

Poi"son*er (?), n. One who poisons. Shak.

Poisonous

Poi"son*ous (?), a. Having the qualities or effects of poison; venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious. Shak. -- Poi"son*ous*ly, adv. -- Poi"son*ous*ness, n.

Poisonsome

Poi"son*some (?), a. Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland.

Poisure

Poi"sure (?), n. [See Poise.] Weight. [Obs.]

Poitrel

Poi"trel (?), n. [OE. poitrel, F. poitrail, fr. L. pectorale a breastplate, fr. pectoralis, a. See Pectoral, a.] (Anc. Armor) The breastplate of the armor of a horse. See Peytrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poize

Poize (?), n. See Poise. [Obs.]

Pokal

Po*kal" (?), n. [G.] A tall drinking cup.

Poke

Poke (?), n. (Bot.) A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.

Poke

Poke, n. [AS. poca, poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki, OD. poke, and perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael.poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock, Pocket, Pouch.]

1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke." Shak.

They wallowed as pigs in a poke. Chaucer.

2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve. To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it. Camden.

Poke

Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poking.] [Cf. LG. poken to prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D. pook, G. pocken to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.]

1. To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire.

He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou ?" Chaucer.

2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.

3. [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq. U. S.] To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]

Poke

Poke, v. i. To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to poke about.
A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. Prior.

Poke

Poke, n.

1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld. Lytton.

2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward. [U.S.] Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.

Pokebag

Poke"bag` (?), n. [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.] (Zo\'94l.) The European long-tailed titmouse; -- called also poke-pudding. [Prov. Eng.]

Poker

Pok"er (?), n. [From Poke to push.]

1. One who pokes.

2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals.

3. A poking-stick. Decker.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron.<-- wood burning? --> Fairholt.

Poker

Pok"er, n. [Of uncertain etymol.] A game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States. Johnson's Cyc. <-- A poker hand is played with a poker deck, composed of fifty-two cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being represented once in each of four "suits", namely spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs. The game is played in many variations, but almost invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs when each player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some larger number available to him). The winner usually is the player with the highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the winner may be the player with the lowest-valued hand. The value of a hand is ranked by hand types, representing the relationships of the cards to each other. [The hand types are ranked by the probability of receiving such a hand when dealt five cards.] Within each hand type the value is also ranked by the values of the cards. The hand types are labeled, in decreasing value: five of a kind; royal flush; straight flush; four of a kind; full house (coll. full boat, or boat); flush; straight; three of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when the contending players have no hands of any of the above types, the player with the highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the winner, and so on. If two players have the same type of hand, the value of the cards within each type determines the winner; thus, if two players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a higher type of hand), the player whose three matched cards have the highest card value is the winner. -->

Poker

Pok"er, n. [Cf. Dan. pokker the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. puck.] Any imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U. S.]

Pokerish

Pok"er*ish, a. Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a pokerish place. [Colloq. U. S.]
There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling. Lowell.

Pokerish

Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.]

Poket

Pok"et (?), n. A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pokeweed

Poke"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Poke, the plant.

Pokey

Pok"ey (?), a. See Poky.

Poking

Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging; servile. [Colloq.]
Bred to some poking profession. Gray.

Poking-stick

Pok"ing-stick` (?), n. A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs. Shak.

Poky

Pok"y (?), a. [Written also pokey.]

1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]

Polacca

Po*lac"ca (?), n. [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque, polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.]

1. (Naut.) A vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, and without tops, caps, or crosstrees.

2. (Mus.) See Polonaise.

Polack

Po"lack (?), n. A Polander. Shak.

Polacre

Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as Polacca, 1.

Polander

Po"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.

Polar

Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.]

1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, polar regions; polar seas; polar winds.

2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed.

3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating point; as, polar co\'94rdinates. Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zo\'94l.), a large bear (Ursus, ∨ Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow. Called also White bear. See Bear. -- Polar body, cell, ∨ globule (Biol.), a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozo\'94n; but their functions are not fully understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or about 23° 28\'b7, the northern called the arctic circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of the sky, which is always 90° from the sun. -- Polar co\'94rdinates. See under 3d Co\'94rdinate. -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a great circle passing through the poles of the earth. Math. Dict. -- Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north pole of the heavens. -- Polar equation of a line ∨ surface, an equation which expresses the relation between the polar co\'94rdinates of every point of the line or surface. -- Polar forces (Physics), forces that are developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. -- Polar hare (Zo\'94l.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus arcticus), which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety of the common European hare (L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis. -- Polar, ∨ Polaric, opposition ∨ contrast (Logic), an opposition or contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as possible. -- Polar projection. See under Projection. -- Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical triangle whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle. See 4th Pole, 2. -- Polar whale (Zo\'94l.), the right whale, or bowhead. See Whale. <-- p. 107 -->

Polar

Po"lar (?), n. (Conic Sections) The right line drawn through the two points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a given conic section. The given point is called the pole of the line. If the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents become imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet the curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar planes to surfaces of the second degree.

Polarchy

Pol"ar*chy (?), n. See Polyarchy.

Polaric

Po*lar"ic (?), a. See Polar. [R.]

Polarily

Po"lar*i*ly (?), adv. In a polary manner; with polarity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Polarimeter

Po`lar*im"e*ter (?), n. [Polar + -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.

Polarimetry

Po`lar*im"e*try (?), n. (Opt.) The art or process of measuring the polarization of light.

Polaris

Po*la"ris (?), n. [NL. See Polar.] (Astron.) The polestar. See North star, under North.

Polariscope

Po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Polar + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.

Polariscopic

Po*lar`i*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the polariscope; obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, polariscopic observations.

Polariscopy

Po`lar*is"co*py (?), n. (Opt.) The art or rocess of making observations with the polariscope.

Polaristic

Po`lar*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the possession of poles or polar characteristics; as, polaristic antagonism.

Polarity

Po*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. polarit\'82.]

1. (Physics) That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite, or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition giving rise to a contrast of properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, as, for example, attraction and repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray of light, etc.

2. (Geom.) A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n.

Polarizable

Po"lar*i`za*ble (?), a. Susceptible of polarization.

Polarization

Po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. polarisation.]

1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity.

2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions. &hand; If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56\'f8, be received upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore, acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass, and is called polarized light, while the modification which the light has experienced by this reflection is called polarization. The plane in which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called the plane of polarization. The angle of polarization is the angle at which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may be the most complete. The term polarization was derived from the theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be partially polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory polarization. A beam of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or elliptical polarization.

3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the cell.

Polarize

Po"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polarizing (?).] [Cf. F. polariser.] To communicate polarity to.

Polarizer

Po"lar*i`zer (?), n. (Physics) That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal. <-- Polaroid. [A trademark of the Polaroid company] 1. polarizing light; as, a polaroid lens. Used to refer to a smitransparent material which permits transmission of only plane-polarized light. 2. Relating to, or able to take, instant photographs; as, a polaroid camera; a polaroid photo. -->

Polary

Po"lar*y (?), a. Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Polatouche

Po`la`touche" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; -- called also minene.

Polder

Pol"der (?), n. [D.] A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of high embankments. [Holland & Belgium]

Poldway

Pold"way` (?), n. [Cf. Poledavy.] A kind of coarse bagging, -- used for coal sacks. Weale.

Pole

Pole (?), n. [Cf. G. Pole a Pole, Polen Poland.] A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.

Pole

Pole, n. [As. p\'bel, L. palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf. Pale a stake, Pact.]

1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as, specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the carriage is guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a flag is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers. (e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.

2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5 Bacon. Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean which is customarily trained on poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean. -- Pole flounder (Zo\'94l.), a large deep-water flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed as a food fish; -- called also craig flounder, and pole fluke. -- Pole lathe, a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above. -- Pole mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a single tree. -- Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis meets the surface. -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It differs from the plate in not resting on the wall.

Pole

Pole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poling.]

1. To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops.

2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.

3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.

4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.

Pole

Pole, n. [L. polus, Gr. p\'93le.]

1. Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north pole.

2. (Spherics) A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the pole of that circle; as, the pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the pole of a given meridian.

3. (Physics) One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a force which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles of a magnet; the north pole of a needle.

4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic]

Shoots against the dusky pole. Milton.

5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and Polar, n. Magnetic pole. See under Magnetic. -- Poles of the earth, ∨ Terrestrial poles (Geog.), the two opposite points on the earth's surface through which its axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens, ∨ Celestial poles, the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens appear to revolve.<-- sic. something seems missing. is "produced" superfluous? -->

Poleax, Poleaxe

Pole"ax`, Pole"axe` (?), n. [OE. pollax; cf. OD. pollexe. See Poll head, and Ax.] Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a vessel.

Polecat

Pole"cat` (?), n. [Probably fr. F. poule hen, and originally, a poultry cat, because it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius f\'d2tidus). Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable odor. Called also fitchet, foulmart, and European ferret. (b) The zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species.

Poledavy

Pole"da`vy (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A sort of coarse canvas; poldway. [Obs.] Howell.

Poleless

Pole"less, a. Without a pole; as, a poleless chariot.

Polemarch

Pol"e*march (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) In Athens, originally, the military commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian cities, a high military and civil officer.

Polemic

Po*lem"ic (?), a. [Gr. pol\'82mique.]

1. Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving, controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a polemic discourse or essay; polemic theology.

2. Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy; disputations; as, a polemic writer. South.

Polemic

Po*lem"ic, n.

1. One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a disputant.

The sarcasms and invectives of the young polemic. Macaulay.

2. A polemic argument or controversy.

Polemical

Po*lem"ic*al (?), a. Polemic; controversial; disputatious. -- Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv.
Polemical and impertinent disputations. Jer. Taylor.

Polemicist

Po*lem"i*cist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]

Polemics

Po*lem"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pol\'82mique.] The art or practice of disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects; that branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct of ecclesiastical controversy.

Polemist

Pol"e*mist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]

Polemoniaceous

Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Polemoniace\'91), which includes Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia, and a few other genera.

Polemonium

Pol`e*mo"ni*um (?). n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder and the Greek valerian.

Polemoscope

Po*lem"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope: cf. F. pol\'82moscope.] An opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged for seeing objects do not lie directly before the eye; -- called also diagonal, ∨ side, opera glass.

Polemy

Pol"e*my (?), n. [See Polemic.] Warfare; war; hence, contention; opposition. [Obs.]

Polenta

Po*len"ta (?), n. [It., fr. L. polenta peeled barley.] Pudding made of Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal. [Italy]

Poler

Pol"er (?), n. One who poles.

Poler

Pol"er, n. An extortioner. See Poller. [Obs.] Bacon.

Polestar

Pole"star` (?), n.

1. Polaris, or the north star. See North star, under North.

2. A guide or director.

Polewards

Pole"wards (?), adv. Toward a pole of the earth. "The regions further polewards." Whewell.

Polewig

Pole"wig (?), n. [Cf. Polliwig.] (Zo\'94l.) The European spotted goby (Gobius minutus); -- called also pollybait. [Prov. Eng.]

Poley

Po"ley (?), n. (Bot.) See Poly.

Poley

Po"ley, a. Without horns; polled. [Prov. Eng.] "That poley heifer." H. Kingsley.

Polianite

Po"li*a*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Manganese dioxide, occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.

Policate

Pol"i*cate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pollicate.

Police

Po*lice" (?), n. [F., fr. L. politia the condition of a state, government, administration, Gr. pur, puri. Cf. Policy polity, Polity.]

1. A judicial and executive system, for the government of a city, town, or district, for the preservation of rights, order, cleanliness, health, etc., and for the enforcement of the laws and prevention of crime; the administration of the laws and regulations of a city, incorporated town, or borough.

2. That which concerns the order of the community; the internal regulation of a state.

3. The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district, whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.

4. (Mil.) Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison.

5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state Police commissioner, a civil officer, usually one of a board, commissioned to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and discipline of the police. -- Police constable, ∨ Police officer, a policeman. -- Police court, a minor court to try persons brought before it by the police. -- Police inspector, an officer of police ranking next below a superintendent. -- Police jury, a body of officers who collectively exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as levying taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. Bouvier. -- Police justice, ∨ Police magistrate, a judge of a police court. -- Police offenses (Law), minor offenses against the order of the community, of which a police court may have final jurisdiction. -- Police station, the headquarters of the police, or of a section of them; the place where the police assemble for orders, and to which they take arrested persons.

Police

Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policing.]

1. To keep in order by police.

2. (Mil.) To make clean; as, to police a camp.

Policed

Po*liced" (?), a. Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and order, enforced by organized administration. "A policed kingdom." Howell.

Policeman

Po*lice"man (?), n.; pl. Policemen (. A member of a body of police; a constable.

Policial

Po*li"cial (, a. Relating to the police. [R.] <-- p. 108 -->

Policied

Pol"i*cied (?), a. Policed. [Obs.] Bacon.

Policy

Pol"i*cy (?), n.; pl. Policies (#). [L. politia, Gr. police, Of. police. See Police, n.]

1. Civil polity. [Obs.]

2. The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official administration, as designed to promote the external or internal prosperity of a state.

3. The method by which any institution is administered; system of management; course.

4. Management or administration based on temporal or material interest, rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.

5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs; wisdom; sagacity; wit.

The very policy of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his clothes, did detect him. Fuller.

6. Motive; object; inducement. [Obs.]

What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an injury? Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- See Polity.

Policy

Pol"i*cy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policying.] To regulate by laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.] "Policying of cities." Bacon.

Policy

Pol"i*cy, n. [F. police; cf. Pr. polissia, Sp. p\'a2lizia, It. p\'a2lizza; of uncertain origin; cf. L. pollex thumb (as being used in pressing the seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. politicum, poleticum, polecticum, L. polyptychum, account book, register, fr. Gr. apodixa a receipt.]

1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.

2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property may be exposed. See Insurance.

3. A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in a lottery; as, to play policy. Interest policy, a policy that shows by its form that the assured has a real, substantial interest in the matter insured. -- Open policy, one in which the value of the goods or property insured is not mentioned. -- Policy book, a book to contain a record of insurance policies. -- Policy holder, one to whom an insurance policy has been granted. -- Policy shop, a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers which will be drawn in lotteries. -- Valued policy, one in which the value of the goods, property, or interest insured is specified. -- Wager policy, a policy that shows on the face of it that the contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal risk, where the insured has no interest in anything insured.

Poling

Pol"ing (?), n. [From Pole a stick.]

1. The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles; as, the poling of beans; the poling of a boat.

2. (Gardening) The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks with poles.

3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.

Polish

Pol"ish (?), a. [From Pole a Polander.] Of or pertaining to Poland or its inhabitants. -- n. The language of the Poles.

Polish

Pol"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polishing.] [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish]

1. To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.

2. Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners. Milton. To polish off, to finish completely, as an adversary. [Slang] W. H. Russell.

Polish

Pol"ish, v. i. To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well. Bacon.

Polish

Pol"ish, n.

1. A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or luster.

Another prism of clearer glass and better polish. Sir I. Newton.

2. Anything used to produce a gloss.

3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.

This Roman polish and this smooth behavior. Addison.

Polishable

Pol"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being polished.

Polished

Pol"ished (?), a. Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly finished; refined; polite; as, polished plate; polished manners; polished verse.

Polishedness

Pol"ished*ness, n. The quality of being polished.

Polisher

Pol"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which is used in polishing. Addison.

Polishing

Pol"ish*ing, a. & n. from Polish. Polishing iron, an iron burnisher; esp., a small smoothing iron used in laundries. -- Polishing slate. (a) A gray or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals. (b) A kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate. -- Polishing snake, a tool used in cleaning lithographic stones. -- Polishing wheel, a wheel or disk coated with, or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a surface.

Polishment

Pol"ish*ment (?), n. The act of polishing, or the state of being polished. [R.]

Polite

Po*lite" (?), a. [Compar. Politer (?); superl. Politest.] [L. politus, p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F. poli. See Polish, v.]

1. Smooth; polished. [Obs.]

Rays of light falling on a polite surface. Sir I. Newton.

2. Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous; complaisant; obliging; civil.

He marries, bows at court, and grows polite. Pope.

3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite literature. Macaulay. Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable; urbane; civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.

Polite

Po*lite", v. t. To polish; to refine; to render polite. [Obs.] Ray.

Politely

Po*lite"ly (?), adv.

1. In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy. [Obs.] Milton.

2. In a polite manner; with politeness.

Politeness

Po*lite"ness, n.

1. High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.] Evelyn.

2. The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions. Syn. -- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness; affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness. -- Politeness, Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and gracefulness of manners which first sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously avoiding whatever might give them pain. Courtesy is, etymologically, the politeness of courts. It displays itself in the address and manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and entertaining others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness.

Politesse

Pol`i*tesse" (?), n. [F.] Politeness.

Politic

Pol"i*tic (?), a. [L. politicus political, Gr. politique. See Police, and cf. ePolitical.]

1. Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; as, the body politic. See under Body.

He with his people made all but one politic body. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; -- said of things; as, a politic treaty. "Enrich'd with politic grave counsel." Shak.

3. Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.

Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy. Shak.
Syn. -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful; cunning.

Politic

Pol`i*tic, n. A politician. [Archaic] Bacon.
Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; Slowly the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars. Lowell.

Political

Po*lit"i*cal (?), a.

1. Having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration. [R.] "A political government." Evelyn.

2. Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to affairs of state or administration; as, a political writer. "The political state of Europe." Paley.

3. Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his political relations were with the Whigs.

4. Politic; wise; also, artful. [Obs.] Sterne. Political economy, that branch of political science or philosophy which treats of the sources, and methods of production and preservation, of the material wealth and prosperity of nations.

Politicalism

Po*lit"i*cal*ism (?), n. Zeal or party spirit in politics.

Politically

Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv.

1. In a political manner.

2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.] Knolles.

Politicaster

Po*lit"i*cas`ter (?), n. [Cf. It. politicastro.] A petty politician; a pretender in politics. Milton.

Politician

Pol`i*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. politicien.]

1. One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted to politics; a statesman.

While empiric politicians use deceit. Dryden.

2. One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or to the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense; one addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see Politics, 2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician.

Like a scurvy politician, seem To see the things thou dost not. Shak.
The politician . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for his advantage. South.

Politician

Pol`i*ti"cian, a. Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful. "Ill-meaning politician lords." Milton.

Politicist

Po*lit"i*cist (?), n. A political writer. [R.]

Politicly

Pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; artfully. Pope.

Politics

Pol"i*tics (?), n. [Cf. F. politique, Gr. Politic.]

1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.

2. The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of parties with reference to political measures or the administration of public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of political candidates or parties; political trickery.

When we say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that they are wrangling about some mere party question. F. W. Robertson.

Politize

Pol"i*tize (?), v. i. To play the politician; to dispute as politicians do. [Obs.] Milton.

Politure

Pol"i*ture (?), n. [L. politura, fr. polire to polish. See Polish, v.] Polish; gloss. [Obs.] Donne.

Polity

Pol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Polities (#). [L. politia, Gr. politie. See 1st Policy, Police.]

1. The form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by which the various departments of government are combined into a systematic whole. Blackstone. Hooker.

2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any human institution.

Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less polity ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it. Hooker.

3. Policy; art; management. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- Policy. -- Polity, Policy. These two words were originally the same. Polity is now confined to the structure of a government; as, civil or ecclesiastical polity; while policy is applied to the scheme of management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as, foreign or domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of skillful or cunning management.

Politzerization

Po*litz`er*i*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act of inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so called from Prof. Politzer of Vienna, who first practiced it.

Polive

Pol"ive (?), n. A pulley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Polka

Pol"ka (?), n. [Pol. Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. polka.]

1. A dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by two persons in common time.

2. (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the third quaver accented. Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by women.

Poll

Poll (?), n. [From Polly, The proper name.] A parrot; -- familiarly so called.

Poll

Poll, n. [Gr. One who does not try for honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge Univ., Eng.]

Poll

Poll (?), n. [Akin to LG. polle the head, the crest of a bird, the top of a tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld the crown of a hat.]

1. The head; the back part of the head. "All flaxen was his poll." Shak.

2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or individuals.

We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands. Shak.
The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to fifteen thousand poll. Shak.

3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in an election.

4. The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as, the close of the poll.

All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to return till one day after the poll is ended. Blackstone.

5. pl. The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to the polls.

6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.

7. (Zo\'94l.) The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a). Poll book, a register of persons entitled to vote at an election. -- Poll evil (Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck. -- Poll pick (Mining), a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of crowbar. -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation tax.

Poll

Poll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polling.]

1. To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree.

When he [Absalom] pollled his head. 2 Sam. xiv. 26.
His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs. Sir T. North.

2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop; -- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll grass.

Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it. Chapman.

3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.]

Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise. Spenser.

4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.]

5. To pay as one's personal tax.

The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. Dryden.

6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.

Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those of his three kingdoms. Milton.

7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.

And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. Tickell.

8. (Law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation; as, a polled deed. See Dee. Burrill. <-- 9. to inquire (of a group of persons) to learn their opinion on some subject. Similar to poll a jury, but often used to determine the opinions of a group by polling a portion of that group. Thus, opinion poll. --> To poll a jury, to call upon each member of the jury to answer individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been rendered.

Poll

Poll, v. i. To vote at an election. Beaconsfield.

Pollack

Pol"lack (?), n. [Cf. G. & D. pollack, and Gael. pollag a little pool, a sort of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine gadoid food fish of Europe (Pollachius virens). Called also greenfish, greenling, lait, leet, lob, lythe, and whiting pollack. (b) The American pollock; the coalfish.

Pollage

Poll"age (?), n. A head or poll tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.] Foxe.

Pollan

Pol"lan (?), n. [Cf. Gael. pollag a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A lake whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of Ireland. In appearance it resembles a herring.

Pollard

Pol"lard (?), n. [From Poll the head.]

1. A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches. Pennant.

2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A fish, the chub. (b) A stag that has cast its antlers. (c) A hornless animal (cow or sheep).

Pollard

Pol"lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding.] To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows. Evelyn.

Pollax

Poll"ax` (?), n. A poleax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Polled

Polled (?), a. Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off. (b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. (d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.

Pollen

Pol"len (?), n. [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr.

1. Fine bran or flour. [Obs.] Bailey. <-- p. 109 -->

2. (Bot.) The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See Flower, and Illust. of Filament. Pollen grain (Bot.), a particle or call of pollen. -- Pollen mass, a pollinium. Gray. -- Pollen sac, a compartment of an anther containing pollen, -- usually there are four in each anther. -- Pollen tube, a slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.

Pollenarious

Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of meal or pollen.

Pollened

Pol"lened (?), a. Covered with pollen. Tennyson.

Polleniferous

Pol`len*if"er*ous (?), a. [Pollen + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polliniferous.

Pollenin

Pol"len*in (?), n. [Cf. F. poll\'82nine.] (Chem.) A substance found in the pollen of certain plants. [R.]

Pollenize

Pol"len*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pollenizing (?).] To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.

Poller

Poll"er (?), n. [From Poll] One who polls; specifically: (a) One who polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Bacon. (d) One who registers voters, or one who enters his name as a voter.

Pollex

Pol"lex (?), n.; pl. Pollices (#). [L., the thumb.] (Anat.) The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.

Pollicate

Pol"li*cate (?), a. [L. pollex, pollicis, a thumb.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of insects.

Pollicitation

Pol*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pollicitatio, fr. pollicitari to promise, v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation.]

1. A voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise. Bp. Burnet.

2. (Roman Law) A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to whom it is made. Bouvier.

Pollinate

Pol"li*nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pollinose.

Pollinate

Pol"li*nate (?), v. t. (Bot.) To apply pollen to (a stigma). -- Pol`li*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)

Pollinctor

Pol*linc"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pollingere.] (Rom. Antiq.) One who prepared corpses for the funeral.<-- undertaker, funeral director -->

Polling

Poll"ing (?), n. [See Poll the head.]

1. The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.

2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall.

3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote. Polling booth, a temporary structure where the voting at an election is done; a polling place.

Polliniferous

Pol`li*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous: cf. F. pollinif\'8are.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polleniferous.

Pollinium

Pol*lin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pollinia (#). [NL. See Pollen.] (Bot.) A coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.

Pollinose

Pol"li*nose` (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, dust.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.

Polliwig, Polliwog

Pol"li*wig (?), Pol"li*wog (?), n. [OE. polwigle. Cf. Poll head, and Wiggle.] (Zo\'94l.) A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.

Pollock

Pol"lock (?), n. [See Pollack.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine gadoid fish (Pollachius carbonarius), native both of the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In England it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc.

Pollucite

Pol"lu*cite (?), n. [See Pollux, and 4th Castor.] (Min.) A colorless transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and c\'91sia. Called also pollux.

Pollute

Pol*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Polluting.] [L. pollutus, p. p. of polluere to defile, to pollute, from a prep. appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position, Lave.]

1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.

The land was polluted with blood. Ps. cvi. 38
Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. 2 Esd. xv. 6.

2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.

3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.

Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die. Num. xviii. 32.
They have polluted themselves with blood. Lam. iv. 14.
Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; dishonor; ravish.

Pollute

Pol*lute", a. [L. pollutus.] Polluted. [R.] Milton.

Polluted

Pol*lut"ed, a. Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched. -- Pol*lut"ed*ly, adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness, n.

Polluter

Pol*lut"er (?), n. One who pollutes. Dryden.

Polluting

Pol*lut"ing, a. Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution. -- Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv.

Pollution

Pol*lu"tion (?), n. [L. pollutio: cf. F. pollution.]

1. The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.

2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse. Dunglison.

Pollux

Pol"lux (?), n. [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the constellation.]

1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor.

2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite.

Polly

Pol"ly (?), n. A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.

Pollywog

Pol"ly*wog (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig.

Polo

Po"lo (?), n. [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the game.]

1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the players on horseback.

2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.

Polonaise

Po`lo*naise" (?), a. [F. polonais, polonaise, Polish.] Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.]

Polonaise

Po`lo*naise" (?), n. [Written also Polonese and Polonoise.]

1. The Polish language.

2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece.

3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.

Polonese

Po`lo*nese" (?), a. & n. See Polonaise.

Polony

Po*lo"ny (?), n. [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna.] A kind of sausage made of meat partly cooked.

Polron

Pol"ron (?), n. See Pauldron.

Polt

Polt (?), n. [Cf. E. pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.] A blow or thump. Halliwell. -- a. Distorted. Pot foot, a distorted foot. Sir T. Herbert.

Polt-foot, Polt-footed

Polt"-foot` (?), Polt"-foot`ed (?), a. Having a distorted foot, or a clubfoot or clubfeet. B. Jonson.

Poltroon

Pol*troon" (?), n. [F. poltron, from It. poltrone an idle fellow, sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar, bolstar, cushion, G. polster, akin to E. bolster. See Bolster.] An arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch. Shak.

Poltroon

Pol*troon", a. Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.

Poltroonery

Pol*troon"er*y (?), n. [F. poltronnerie; cf. It. poltroneria.] Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.

Poltroonish

Pol*troon"ish, a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.

Polverine

Pol"ve*rine (?), n. [It. polverino, fr. polvere ust, L. pulvis, -veris. See Powder.] Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine glass.

Polwig

Pol"wig (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig. Holland.

Poly-

Pol"y- (?). [See Full, a.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s, many; as, polygon, a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many atoms; polychord, polyconic.

Poly

Po"ly (?), n. [L. polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium polium, Gr. (Bot.) A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the order Labiat\'91, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the same genus. [Spelt also poley.] Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain, in Vocabulary.

Polyacid

Pol`y*ac"id (?), a. [Poly- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid bases.

Polyacoustic

Pol`y*a*cous"tic (?), a. [Poly- + acoustic: cf. F. polyacoustique.] Multiplying or magnifying sound. -- n. A polyacoustic instrument.

Polyacoustics

Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?), n. The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.

Polyacron

Pol`y*a"cron (?), n.; pl. Polyacra (#), E. Polyacrons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid having many summits or angular points; a polyhedron.

Polyactin Pol`y*ac*tin" (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) An old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple tentacles.

Polyadelphia

Pol`y*a*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.

Polyadelphian, Polyadelphous

Pol`y*a*del"phi*an (?), Pol`y*a*del"phous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more bundles.

Polyandria

Pol`y*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Polyandrian

Pol`y*an"dri*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polyandrous.

Polyandric

Pol`y*an"dric (?), a. [Cf. polyandrique.] Pertaining to, or characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males. "Polyandric societies." H. Spencer.

Polyandrous

Pol`y*an"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyandria; having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Polyandry

Pol`y*an"dry (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polyandrie.] The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with monandry. &hand; In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.

Polyanthus

Pol`y*an"thus (?), n.; pl. Polyanthuses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. [Written also polyanthos.] (Bot.) (a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors). See Illust. of Narcissus.

Polyarchist

Pol"y*ar`chist (?), n. One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to monarchist. Cudworth.

Polyarchy

Pol"y*ar`chy (?), n. [Poly- + -archy: cf. F. polyarchie. Cf. Polarchy.] A government by many persons, of whatever order or class. Cudworth.

Polyatomic

Pol`y*a*tom"ic (?), a. [Poly- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having more than one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b) Having a valence greater than one. [Obs.]

Polyautography

Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Poly- + autography.] The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.

Polybasic

Pol`y*ba"sic (?), a. [Poly- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; -- said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic.

Polybasite

Pol`y*ba"site (?), n. [See Polybasic.] (Min.) An iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper and arsenic.

Polybranchia

Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous branchi\'91 on the back.

Polybromide

Pol`y*bro"mide (?), n. [Poly- + bromide.] (Chem.) A bromide containing more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.

Polycarpellary

Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Composed of several or numerous carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.

Polycarpic, Polycarpous

Pol`y*car"pic (?), Pol`y*car"pous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) (a) Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year. (b) Having several pistils in one flower.

Polych\'91ta

Pol`y*ch\'91"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the two principal groups of Ch\'91topoda. It includes those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of set\'91. See Illust. under Parapodia.

Polychloride

Pol`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Poly- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.

Polych\'d2rany

Pol`y*ch\'d2r"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. A government by many chiefs, princes, or rules. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Polychord

Pol"y*chord (?), a. [Gr. Having many strings.

Polychord

Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.) (a) A musical instrument of ten strings. (b) An apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a keyed instrument.

Polychrest

Pol"y*chrest (?), n. [Gr. polychreste.] (Med.) A medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases. [Obs.] Polychrest salt (Old Med. Chem.), potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing niter with sulphur.

Polychroism

Pol"y*chro*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. Same as Pleochroism.

Polychroite

Pol"y*chro*ite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polychro\'8bte.] (Chem.) The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also crocin, and safranin.

Polychromate

Pol`y*chro"mate (?), n. [See Polychromic.] (Chem.) A salt of a polychromic acid.

Polychromate

Pol`y*chro"mate, n. [See Polychromatic.] (Chem.) A compound which exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by fluorescence.

Polychromatic

Pol`y*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Poly- + chromatic.] Showing a variety, or a change, of colors. Polychromatic acid (Old Chem.), a substance obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.

Polychrome

Pol"y*chrome (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.) Esculin; -- so called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions. [R.]

Polychrome

Pol"y*chrome, a. [Cf. F. polychrome.] Executed in the manner of polychromy; as, polychrome printing.

Polychromic

Pol`y*chro"mic (?), a. [Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. chromic.]

1. Polychromatic.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids (known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of chromium.

Polychromous

Pol`y*chro"mous (?), a. Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; polychromatic.

Polychromy

Pol"y*chro`my (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Anc. Art) The art or practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic way.

Polychronious

Pol`y*chro"ni*ous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Enduring through a long time; chronic.

Polyclinic

Pol`y*clin"ic (?), n. [Poly- + clinic.] (Med.) A clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in which clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.

Polyconic

Pol`y*con"ic (?), a. [Poly- + conic.] Pertaining to, or based upon, many cones. Polyconic projection (Map Making), a projection of the earth's surface, or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a conical surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical surface being then unrolled. This projection differs from conic projection in that latter assumes but one cone for the whole map. Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States coast and geodetic survey.

Polycotyledon

Pol`y*cot`y*le"don (?), n. [Poly- + cotyledon: cf. F. polycotyl\'82done.] (Bot.) A plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the seed. -- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous (#), a.

Polycotyledonary

Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry (?), a. [Poly- + cotyledonary.] (Anat.) Having the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or cotyledons.

Polycracy

Po*lyc"ra*cy (?), n. [Poly- + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by many rulers; polyarchy.
Page 10

Polycrotic

Pol`y*crot"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; as, a polycrotic pulse; a polycrotic pulse curve.

Polycrotism

Po*lyc"ro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism.

Polycystid

Pol`y*cys"tid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the Polycystidea. (b) One of the Polycystina. -- a. Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the Polycystina.

Polycystidea

Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cystidea.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Gregarin\'91 including those that have two or more internal divisions of the body.

Polycystina

Pol`y*cys*ti"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state.

Polycystine

Pol`y*cys"tine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polycystina. -- n. One of the Polycystina. <-- 2. a homopolymer of the amino acid cystine. -->

Polycyttaria

Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Radiolaria. It includes those having one more central capsules. <-- polydactyl. = polydactylous. having more that the normal number of digits; e.g. a polydactylous cat may have six or more toes on its paw. -->

Polydactylism

Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polydactylisme.] (Anat.) The possession of more that the normal number of digits. <-- also polydactyly. -->

Polydipsia

Pol`y*dip"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease.

Polyedron

Pol`y*e"dron (?), n. See Polyhedron.

Polyedrous

Pol`y*e"drous (?), a. See Polyhedral.

Polyeidic

Pol`y*ei"dic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Passing through several distinct larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of young.

Polyeidism

Pol`y*ei"dism (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The quality or state of being polyeidic.

Polyembryonate

Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. [Poly- + embryonate.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.

Polyembryonic

Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic (?), a. [Poly- + embryonic.] (Bot.) Polyembryonate.

Polyembryony

Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny (?), n. [See Poly-, and Embryo.] (Bot.) The production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.

Polyfoil

Pol"y*foil (?), n. [Poly- + foil, n.] (Arch.) Same as Multifoil.

Polygala

Po*lyg"a*la (?), n. [L., milkwort, fr. Gr. A genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a two-celled ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.); milkwort.

Polygalaceous

Pol`y*ga*la"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Polygalace\'91) of which Polygala is the type.

Polygalic

Po*lyg"a*lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin.

Polygamia

Pol`y*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygamous.] (Bot.) (a) A Linn\'91an class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant. (b) A name given by Linn\'91us to file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.

Polygamian

Pol`y*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polygamous.

Polygamist

Po*lyg"a*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. polygamiste, polygame, Gr. a.] One who practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.

Polygamize

Po*lyg"a*mize (?), v. i. To practice polygamy; to marry several wives. Sylvester. Coleridge.

Polygamous

Po*lyg"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. Bigamy.]

1. Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving, polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; -- opposed to monogamous.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Pairing with more than one female.

Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous. Darwin.

3. (Bot.) Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.

Polygamy

Po*lyg"a*my (?), n. [Gr. polygamie.]

1. The having of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to monogamy; as, the nations of the East practiced polygamy. See the Note under Bigamy, and cf. Polyandry.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The state or habit of having more than one mate.

3. (Bot.) The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.

Polygastrian

Pol`y*gas"tri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

Polygastric

Pol`y*gas"tric (?), a. [Poly- + gastric: cf. F. polygastrique.]

1. (Anat.) Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made up of several bellies separated by short tendons.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

Polygastric

Pol`y*gas"tric (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica.

Polygastrica

Pol`y*gas"tri*ca (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because they were supposed to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.] (Zo\'94l.) The Infusoria. [Obs.]

Polygenesis, Polygeny

Pol`y*gen"e*sis (?), Po*lyg"e*ny (?), n. [Poly- + genesis, or root of Gr. (Biol.) The theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to monogenesis.

Polygenettic

Pol`y*ge*net"tic (?), a.

1. Having many distinct sources; originating at various places or times. 2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic. Polygenetic mountain range (Geol.), one which is composite, or consists of two or more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of development. Dana.

Polygenic

Pol`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.

Polygenism

Po*lyg"e*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. polyg\'82nisme.] (Biol.) The doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair.

Polygenist

Po*lyg"e*nist (?), n. (Biol.) One who maintains that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed to monogenist.

Polygenous

Po*lyg"e*nous (?), a. [Poly- + -genous: cf. Gr. Consisting of, or containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous mountain. Kirwan.

Polyglot

Pol"y*glot (?), a. [Gr. polyglotte.]

1. Containing, or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot lexicon, Bible.

2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages.

Polyglot

Pol"y*glot, n.

1. One who speaks several languages. [R.] "A polyglot, or good linguist." Howell.

2. A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in several languages.

Enriched by the publication of polyglots. Abp. Newcome.

Polyglottous

Pol`y*glot"tous (?), a. [See Polyglot.] Speaking many languages; polyglot. [R.] "The polyglottous tribes of America." Max M\'81ller.

Polygon

Pol"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. polygone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having many angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any figure having many angles. Polygon of forces (Mech.), a polygonal figure, the sides of which, taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf. Parallelogram of forces, under Parallelogram.

Polygonaceous

Pol`y*go*na"ceous (?), a. [See Polygonum.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of apetalous plants (Polygonace\'91), of which the knotweeds (species of Polygonum) are the type, and which includes also the docks (Rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (Coccoloba), and several other genera.

Polygonal

Po*lyg"o*nal (?), a. Having many angles. Polygonal numbers, certain figurate numbers. See under Figurate.

Polygoneutic

Pol`y*go*neu"tic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having two or more broods in a season.

Polygonometry

Pol`y*go*nom"e*try (?), n. [Polygon + -metry.] The doctrine of polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to the case of polygons.

Polygonous

Po*lyg"o*nous (?), a. Polygonal.

Polygonum

Po*lyg"o*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.

Polygony

Po*lyg"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polygonum.

Polygordius

Pol`y*gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Gordius.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type. It is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of parapodia. It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma. See Loeven's larva.

Polygram

Pol"y*gram (?), n. [Gr. A figure consisting of many lines. [R.] Barlow.

Polygraph

Pol"y*graph (?), n. [Gr. polygraphe.]

1. An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold writer; a copying machine.

2. In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or several authors. Brande & C.

Polygraphic, Polygraphical

Pol`y*graph"ic (?), Pol`y*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. polygraphique.] Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a polygraphic instrument.

2. Done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy.

Polygraphy

Po*lyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. polygraphie.]

1. Much writing; writing of many books. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same. [R.]

3. The art or practice of using a polygraph.

Polygrooved

Pol"y*grooved` (?), a. [Poly- + groove.] Having many grooves; as, a polygrooved rifle or gun (referring to the rifling).

Polygyn

Pol"y*gyn (?), n. [Cf. F. polygyne. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A plant of the order Polygynia.

Polygynia

Pol`y*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having many styles.

Polygynian, Polygynous

Pol`y*gyn"i*an (?), Po*lyg"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Having many styles; belonging to the order Polygynia.

Polygynist

Po*lyg"y*nist (?), n. One who practices or advocates polygyny. H. Spenser.

Polygyny

Po*lyg"y*ny (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; marriage to several wives. H. Spenser.

Polyhalite

Pol`y*ha"lite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Min.) A mineral usually occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.

Polyhedral, Polyhedrical

Pol`y*he"dral (?), Pol`y*hed"ric*al (?), a. [See Polyhedron.] (Geom.) Having many sides, as a solid body. Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.

Polyhedron

Pol`y*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Polyhedrons. (#), L. Polyhedra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poly\'8adre.]

1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.

2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.

Polyhedrous

Pol`y*he"drous (?), a. Polyhedral.

Polyhistor

Pol`y*his"tor (?), n. [Gr. One versed in various learning. [R.]

Polyhymnia

Pol`y*hym"ni*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Anc. Myth.) The Muse of lyric poetry.

Polyiodide

Pol`y*i"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A iodide having more than one atom of iodine in the molecule.

Polylogy

Po*lyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Talkativeness. [R.]

Polyloquent

Po*lyl"o*quent (?), a. [Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of logui to speak.] Garrulous; loquacious. [R.]

Polymastism

Pol`y*mas"tism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Anat.) The condition of having more than two mamm\'91, or breasts. <-- polymath = polymathist -->

Polymathic

Pol`y*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. polymathique. See Polymathy.] Pertaining to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.

Polymathist

Po*lym"a*thist (?), n. One versed in many sciences; a person of various learning.

Polymathy

Po*lym"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning. Johnson.

Polymeniscous

Pol`y*me*nis"cous (?), a. [See Poly-, and Meniscus.] (Zo\'94l.) Having numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.

Polymer

Pol"y*mer (?), n. [See Polymeric.] (Chem.) Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization. [Formerly also written polymere.]

Polymeric

Pol`y*mer"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.) Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other. &hand; The figures expressing the number of atoms of each element in a number of polymeric substances are respectively multiples and factors of each other, or have some simple common divisor. The relation may be merely a numerical one, as in the example given above, or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde, paraldehyde, and metaldehyde. <-- 2. consisting of multiple units linked together by covalent bonds to form a larger molecule -->

Polymerism

Po*lym"er*ism (?), n. (Chem.) (a) The state, quality, or relation of two or more polymeric substances. (b) The act or process of forming polymers.

Polymerization

Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of changing to a polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.

Polymerize

Pol"y*mer*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To cause polymerization of; to produce polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without changing the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids polymerize aldehyde.

Polymerize

Pol"y*mer*ize, v. i. (Chem.) To change into another substance having the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde.

Polymerous

Po*lym"er*ous (?), a.

1. (Bot.) Having many parts or members in each set. Gray.

2. (Chem.) Polymeric. [Obs.]

Polymnia

Po*lym"ni*a (?), n. See Polyhymnia.

Polymnite

Pol"ym*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.

Polymorph

Pol"y*morph (?), n. [Gr. polymorphe.] (Crystallog.) A substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms. Cf. Allomorph.

Polymorphic

Pol`y*mor"phic (?), a. Polymorphous.

Polymorphism

Pol`y*mor"phism (?), n.

1. (Crystallog.) Same as Pleomorphism.

2. (Biol.) (a) The capability of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in form. (b) Existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.

Polymorphosis

Pol`y*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.] (Zo\'94l.) The assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.

Polymorphous

Pol`y*mor"phous (?), a.

1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; as, a polymorphous author. De Quincey.

2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed to monomorphic.

Page 1111

Polymorphy

Pol"y*mor`phy (?), n. Existence in many forms; polymorphism.

Poly-mountain

Po`ly-moun"tain (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Poly, n. (b) The closely related Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium montanum, a plant of Southern Europe. (c) The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of Europe.

Polymyod\'91

Pol`y*my"o*d\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oscines.

Polymyodous

Pol`y*my"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Polymyoid.

Polymyoid

Po*lym"y*oid (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Having numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the Polymyod\'91.

Polyneme

Pol"y*neme (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of tropical food fishes of the family Polynemid\'91. They have several slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also threadfish.

Polynemoid

Pol`y*ne"moid (?), a. [Polyneme + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the polynemes, or the family Polynemid\'91.

Polynesian

Pol`y*ne"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.

Polynesians

Pol`y*ne"sians (?), n. pl.; sing. Polynesian. (Ethnol.) The race of men native in Polynesia.

Polynia

Po*lyn"i*a (?), n. [Russ. poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a place which does not freeze.] The open sea supposed to surround the north pole. Kane.

Polynomial

Pol`y*no"mi*al (?), n. [Poly- + -nomial, as in monomial, binomial: cf. F. polyn\'93me.] (Alg.) An expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.

Polynomial

Pol`y*no"mi*al, a.

1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial theorem.

2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.

Polynuclear

Pol`y*nu"cle*ar (?), a. [Poly- + nuclear.] (Biol.) Containing many nuclei.

Polynucleolar

Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar (?), a. [Poly- + nucleolar.] (Biol.) Having more than one nucleolus.

Polyommatous

Pol`y*om"ma*tous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having many eyes.

Polyonomous

Pol`y*on"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having many names or titles; polyonymous. Sir W. Jones.

Polyonomy

Pol`y*on"o*my (?), n. [Cf. Gr. The use of a variety of names for the same object. G. S. Faber.

Polyonym

Pol"y*o*nym (?), n.

1. An object which has a variety of names.

2. A polynomial name or term.

Polyonymous

Pol`y*on"y*mous, a. Polyonomous.

Polyoptron, Polyoptrum

Pol`y*op"tron (?), Pol`y*op"trum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Opt.) A glass through which objects appear multiplied, but diminished in size. [R.]

Polyorama

Pol`y*o*ra"ma (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. A view of many objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving views.

Polyp

Pol"yp (?), n. [L. polypus, Gr. polype. See Poly- and Foot, and cf. Polypode, Polypody, Poulp.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral. (b) One of the Anthozoa. (c) pl. Same as Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written also polype.] Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. -- Polyp stem (Zo\'94l.), that portion of the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding zooids.

Polyparous

Po*lyp"a*rous (?), a. [Poly- + L. parere to produce.] Producing or bearing a great number; bringing forth many.

Polypary

Pol"y*pa*ry (?), n.; pl. Polyparies (#). [See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Polypidom.

Polype

Pol"ype (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Polyp.

Polypean

Pol`y*pe"an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.

Polyperythrin

Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin (?), n. [Polyp + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.

Polypetalous

Pol`y*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + petal.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or having, several or many separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla, flower, or plant. Martyn.

Polyphagous

Po*lyph"a*gous (?), a. [L. polyphagus, Gr. polyphage.] Eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of food; as, polyphagous animals.

Polyphagy

Po*lyph""a*gy (?), n. The practice or faculty of subsisting on many kinds of food.

Polypharmacy

Pol`y*phar"ma*cy (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polypharmacie.] (Med.) (a) The act or practice of prescribing too many medicines. (b) A prescription made up of many medicines or ingredients. Dunglison.

Polyphemus

Pol`y*phe"mus (?), n. [L. Polyphemus the one-eyed Cyclops who was blinded by Ulysses.] (Zo\'94l.) A very large American moth (Telea polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm family (Bombycid\'91). Its larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong silk. Called also American silkworm.

Polyphone

Pol"y*phone (?), n. A character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as read, which is pronounced r\'c7d or r\'cbd.

Polyphonic

Pol`y*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. polyphone.]

1. Having a multiplicity of sounds.

2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters.

3. (Mus.) Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts, progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint; contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic, or monodic.

Polyphonism

Po*lyph"o*nism (?), n. Polyphony.

Polyphonist

Po*lyph"o*nist (?), n.

1. A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.

2. (Mus.) A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.

Polyphonous

Po*lyph"o*nous (?), a. Same as Polyphonic.

Polyphony

Po*lyph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr.

1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.

2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal sign.

3. (Mus.) Composition in mutually related, equally important parts which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed to homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint.

Polyphore

Pol"y*phore (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) A receptacle which bears many ovaries.

Polyphyletic

Pol`y*phy*let"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic.

Polyphyllous

Po*lyph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous calyx or perianth.

Polypi

Pol"y*pi (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.

Polypide

Pol"y*pide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the ordinary zooids of the Bryozoa. [Spellt also polypid.]

Polypidom

Po*lyp"i*dom (?), n. [Polypus + L. domus house.] (Zo\'94l.) A coral, or corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans and hydroids.

Polypier

Po`ly`pier" (?), n. [F.] A polypidom.

Polypifera

Pol`y*pif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.

Polypiferous

Pol*y*pif"er*ous (?), a. [Polypus + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing polyps, or polypites.

Polypiparous

Pol`y*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Polypus + L. parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing polyps.

Polypite

Pol"y*pite (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. See Illust. of Campanularian. (b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.

2. (Paleon.) A fossil coral.

Polyplacophora

Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Placophora.] (Zo\'94l.) See Placophora.

Polyplastic

Pol`y*plas"tic (?), a. [Poly- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Assuming, or having the power of assuming, many forms; as, a polyplastic element which does not preserve its original shape.

Polypode

Pol`y*pode (?), n. [Cf. F. polypode. See Polypody.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Polypodium; polypody. [Written also polypod.]

Polypode

Pol"y*pode, n. [Gr. polypode. See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having many feet; a myriapod.

Polypodium

Pol"y*po`di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Polyp, and cf. 2d Polypode.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the order Filices or ferns. The fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called sori, scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There are numerous species.

Polypody

Pol"y*po`dy (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polypodium.

Polypoid

Pol"y*poid (?), a. [Polyp + -oid.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Like a polyp; having the nature of a polyp, but lacking the tentacles or other parts.

2. (Med.) Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like that of a polypus.

Polypomedus\'91

Pol`y*po*me*du"s\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyp, and Medusa.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hydrozoa.

Polyporous

Po*lyp"o*rous (?; 277), a. [Poly- + porous.] Having many pores. Wright.

Polyporus

Po*lyp"o*rus (?), n.; pl. Polypori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of fungi having the under surface full of minute pores; also, any fungus of this genus. &hand; Polyporus fomentarius was formerly dried and cut in slices for tinder, called amadou. P. betulinus is common in America, and forms very large thick white semicircular excrescences on birch trees. Several species of Polyporous are considered edible.

Polypous

Pol"y*pous (?), a. [Cf. F. polypeux. See Polyp.] Of the nature of a polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with polypus.

Polypragmatic, Polypragmatical

Pol`y*prag*mat"ic (?), Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Poly- + pragmatic, -ical.] Overbusy; officious. [R.] Heywood.

Polypragmaty

Pol`y*prag"ma*ty (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. The state of being overbusy. [R.]

Polyprotodonta

Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of marsupials in which there are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.

Polypteroidei

Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polypterus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See Illust. under Crossopterygian.

Polypterus

Po*lyp`te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An African genus of ganoid fishes including the bichir.

Polyptoton

Pol`yp*to"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell."

Polypus

Pol"y*pus (?), n.; pl. E. Polypuses (#), L. Polypi (#). [L. See Polyp.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Polyp.<-- polyp is the normal term now -->

2. (Med.) A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear, -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy of some portion of the mucous membrane.

Polyrhizous

Pol`y*rhi"zous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having numerous roots, or rootlets.

Polyschematist

Pol`y*sche"ma*tist (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having, or existing in, many different forms or fashions; multiform.

Polyscope

Pol"y*scope (?), n. [Gr. polyscope.]

1. (Opt.) A glass which makes a single object appear as many; a multiplying glass. Hutton.

2. (Med.) An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities of the body.

Polysepalous

Pol`y*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having the sepals separate from each other.

Polysilicic

Pol`y*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Poly- + silicic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to compounds formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid. Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one of a series of acids formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid, with elimination of water.

Polyspast

Pol"y*spast (?), n. [L. polyspaston, fr. Gr. polyspaste.] (Surg.) A machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus formerly used for reducing luxations.

Polyspermous

Pol`y*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Containing many seeds; as, a polyspermous capsule or berry. Martyn.

Polyspermy

Pol"y*sper`my (?), n. (Biol.) Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage of more than one spermatozo\'94n into the vitellus in the impregnation of the ovum.

Polysporous

Pol`y*spor"ous (?), a. [Poly- + spore.] (Bot.) Containing many spores.

Polystomata

Pol`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of trematode worms having more two suckers. Called also Polystomea and Polystoma.

Polystome

Pol"y*stome (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having many mouths.

Polystome

Pol"y*stome, n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having many mouths; -- applied to Protozoa.

Polystyle

Pol"y*style (?), a. [Gr. polystyle.] (Arch.) Having many columns; -- said of a building, especially of an interior part or court; as, a polystyle hall. -- n. A polystyle hall or edifice.

Polysulphide

Pol`y*sul"phide (?), n. [Poly- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide having more than one atom of sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with monosulphide.

Polysulphuret

Pol`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A polysulphide. [Obsoles.]

Polysyllabic, Polysyllabical

Pol`y*syl*lab"ic (?), Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. polysyllabique.] Pertaining to a polysyllable; containing, or characterized by, polysyllables; consisting of more than three syllables.

Polysyllabicism

Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism (?), n. Polysyllabism.

Polysyllabicity

Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty (?), n. Polysyllabism.

Polysyllabism

Pol`y*syl"la*bism (?), n. The quality or state of being polysyllabic.

Polysyllable

Pol"y*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Poly- + syllable.] A word of many syllables, or consisting of more syllables than three; -- words of less than four syllables being called monosyllables, dissyllables, and trisyllables.

Polysyndetic

Pol`y*syn*det"ic (?), a. Characterized by polysyndeton, or the multiplication of conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Polysyndeton

Pol`y*syn"de*ton (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the sentence, "We have ships and men and money and stores." Opposed to asyndeton.

Polysynthesis

Pol`y*syn"the*sis (?), n. [Poly- + synthesis.]

1. The act or process of combining many separate elements into a whole.

2. (Philol.) The formation of a word by the combination of several simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination. Latham.

Polysynthetic

Pol`y*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Poly- + synthetic.] Characterized by polysynthesis; agglutinative. Polysynthetic twinning (Min.), repeated twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately reversed positions.

Polsyntheticism

Pol`*syn*thet"i*cism (?), n. Polysynthesis.
Page 1112

Polytechnic

Pol`y*tech"nic (?), a. [Gr. polytechnique.] Comprehending, or relating to, many arts and sciences; -- applied particularly to schools in which many branches of art and science are taught with especial reference to their practical application; also to exhibitions of machinery and industrial products.

Polytechnical

Pol`y*tech"nic*al (?), a. Polytechnic.

Polytechnics

Pol`y*tech"nics (?), n. The science of the mechanic arts.

Polythalamia

Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polythalamous.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered shell.

Polythalamous

Pol`y*thal"a*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Many-chambered; -- applied to shells of Foraminifera and cephalopods. See Illust. of Nautilus.

Polytheism

Pol"y*the*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polyth\'82isme.] The doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods.
In the Old Testament, the gradual development of polytheism from the primitive monotheism may be learned. Shaff-Herzog.

Polytheist

Pol"y*the*ist, n. [Cf. F. polyth\'82iste.] One who believes in, or maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.

Polytheistic, Polytheistical

Pol`y*the*is"tic (?), Pol`y*the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating polytheism; as, polytheistic worship; a polytheistic author, or nation. -- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Polytheize

Pol"y*the*ize (?), v. i. To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the doctrine of polytheism. Milman.

Polythelism

Pol`y*the"lism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. qhlh` a nipple.] (Anat.) The condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.

Polytocous

Po*lyt"o*cous (?), a. [Gr.

1. (Bot.) Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants; polycarpic.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Producing many or young.

Polytomous

Po*lyt"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) Subdivided into many distinct subordinate parts, which, however, not being jointed to the petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of leaves. Henslow.

Polytomy

Po*lyt"o*my (?), n. (Logic) A division into many members. F. Bowen.

Polytungstate

Pol`y*tung"state (?), n. A salt of polytungstic acid.

Polytungstic

Pol`y*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Containing several tungsten atoms or radicals; as, polytungstic acid. Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one of several complex acids of tungsten containing more than one atom of tungsten.

Polytype

Pol"y*type (?), n. [Poly- + -type.] (Print.) A cast, or facsimile copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a polytype in relief.
By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a polytype in relief is obtained. Hansard.

Polytype

Pol"y*type, a. (Print.) Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by polytyping; as, a polytype plate.

Polytype

Pol"y*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polytyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polytyping (?).] (Print.) To produce a polytype of; as, to polytype an engraving.

Poluria

Pol`*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Urine.] (Med.) A persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar. It is generally accompanied with more or less thirst.

Polyvalent

Po*lyv"a*lent (?), a. [Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valent.] (Chem.) Multivalent.

Polyve

Pol"yve (?), n. [See Polive.] A pulley. [Obs.]

Polyzoa

Pol`y*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Bryozoa. See Illust. under Bryozoa, and Phylactol\'91mata.

Polyzoan

Pol`y*zo"an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of Polyzoa; one of the Polyzoa. (b) A polyzo\'94n.

Polyzoarium

Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Polyzoaria (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Polyzoary.

Polyzoary

Pol`y*zo"a*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The compound organism of a polyzoan.

Polyzonal

Pol`y*zon"al (?), a. [Poly- + zonal.] Consisting of many zones or rings. Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a lens made up of pieces arranged zones or rings, -- used in the lanterns of lighthouses.

Polyzo\'94n

Pol`y*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Polyzoa (#). [NL. See Polyzoan.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the individual zooids forming the compound organism of a polyzoan.

Pomace

Pom"ace (?; 277), n. [L. ponum a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL. pomagium, pomacium.] The substance of apples, or of similar fruit, crushed by grinding.

Pomacentroid

Po`ma*cen"troid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Pomacentrid\'91, a family of bright-colored tropical fishes having spiny opercula; -- often called coral fishes.

Pomaceous

Po*ma"ceous (?), a. [LL. ponum an apple.]

1. (Bot.) (a) Like an apple or pear; producing pomes. (b) Of or pertaining to a suborder (Pome\'91) of rosaceous plants, which includes the true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars, and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.

2. Like pomace.

Pomade

Po*made" (?; 277), n. [F. pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp. pomada, It. pomata, LL. pomata a drink made of apples), from L. pomum fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. Pomatum.]

1. Cider. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum; -- originally made from apples.

Pomander

Po*man"der (?), n. [Sp. poma.] (a) A perfume to be carried with one, often in the form of a ball. (b) A box to contain such perfume, formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pomarine

Po"ma*rine (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the nostril covered with a scale. Pomarine jager (Zo\'94l.), a North Atlantic jager (Stercorarius pomarinus) having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is black.

Pomatum

Po*ma"tum (?), n. [See Pomade.] A perfumed unguent or composition, chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade. Wiseman.

Pomatum

Po*ma"tum, v. t. To dress with pomatum.

Pome

Pome (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf. Pomade.]

1. (Bot.) A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with hot water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands during the service.

Pome

Pome, v. i. [Cf. F. pommer. See Pome, n.] To grow to a head, or form a head in growing. [Obs.]

Pomegranate

Pome"gran`ate (?; 277), n. [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F. grenade, L. pomum a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.]

1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp.

2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex. xxviii. 33.

Pomel

Pom"el (?), n. A pommel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pomelo

Pom"e*lo (?), n. [Cf. Pompelmous.] A variety of shaddock, called also grape fruit.

Pomely

Pome"ly (?), a. [OF. pomel\'82, F. pommel\'82. See Pome.] Dappled. [Obs.] "Pomely gray." Chaucer.

Pomeranian

Pom`e*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of Prussia on the Baltic Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania. Pomeranian dog (Zo\'94l.), the loup-loup, or Spitz dog.<-- also just Pomeranian-->

Pomewater

Pome"wa`ter (?), n. A kind of sweet, juicy apple. [Written also pomwater.] Shak.

Pomey

Pom"ey (?), n.; pl. Pomeys (#). [F. pomm\'82 grown round, or like an apple, p. p. of pommer to pome.] (Her.) A figure supposed to resemble an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green color.

Pomfret

Pom"fret (?), n. [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the genus Stromateus (S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe and Asia. (b) A marine food fish of Bermuda (Brama Raji).

Pomiferous

Po*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F. pomif\'8are.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits. (b) Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple.

Pommage

Pom"mage (?; 48), n. See Pomage.

Pomm\'82

Pom`m\'82" (?), a. [F. See Pomey.] (Her.) Having the ends terminating in rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of a cross.

Pomme blanche

Pomme` blanche" (?). [F., literally, white apple.] The prairie turnip. See under Prairie.

Pommel

Pom"mel (?), n. [OE. pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau, LL. pomellus, fr. L. pomum fruit, LL. also, an apple. See Pome.] A knob or ball; an object resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a sword. Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c) The top (of the head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a turret or pavilion.

Pommel

Pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pommeled (?) or Pommelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pommeling or Pommelling.] To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists. [Written also pummel.]

Pommelion

Pom*mel"ion (?), n. [See Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.] (Mil.) The cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon. [R.]

Pommett\'82

Pom`met`t\'82" (?), a. [F.] Having two balls or protuberances at each end; -- said of a cross.

Pomological

Po`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pomologique.] Of or pertaining to pomology.

Pomologist

Po*mol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit trees.

Pomology

Po*mol"o*gy (?), n. [L. pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F. pomologie.] The science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and fruit trees.

Pomona

Po*mo"na (?), n. [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of fruits and fruit trees.

Pomp

Pomp (?), n. [OE. pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr. Gr. Pump a shoe.]

1. A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant. "All the pomps of a Roman triumph." Addison.

2. Show of magnificence; parade; display; power. Syn. -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state; magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.

Pomp

Pomp (?), v. i. To make a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Pompadour

Pom"pa*dour (?), n. A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called after the Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used adjectively.

Pompano

Pom"pa*no (?), n. [Sp. p\'a0mpano.] [Written also pampano.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United States; -- called also palometa. &hand; They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (T. thomboides) and the Carolina pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast.

2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as a food fish. Pompano shell (Zo\'94l.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; -- so called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]

Pompatic

Pom*pat"ic (?), a. [L. pompaticus.] Pompous. [Obs.] Barrow.

Pompelmous

Pom"pel*mous (?), n.; pl. Pompelmouses (#). [D. pompelmoes; cf. G. pompelmuse, F. pamplemousse, and F. pompol\'82on.] (Bot.) A shaddock, esp. one of large size.

Pompet

Pom"pet (?), n. [OF. pompette.] (Print.) The ball formerly used to ink the type.

Pompholyx

Pom"pho*lyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Old Chem.) Impure zinc oxide.

2. (Med.) A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bull\'91, without inflammation or fever.

Pompillion

Pom*pil"lion (?), n. An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Pompion

Pom"pi*on (?), n. [OF. pompon. See Pumpkin.] See Pumpion.

Pompire

Pom"pire (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a pear.] A pearmain. [Obs.]

Pompoleon

Pom*po"le*on (?), n. (Bot.) See Pompelmous.

Pompon

Pom"pon (?), n. [F.]

1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet.

2. (Mil.) A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.

Pomposity

Pom*pos"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Pomposities (. The quality or state of being pompous; pompousness. Thackeray.

Pomposo

Pom*po"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Grand and dignified; in grand style.

Pompous

Pomp"ous (?), a. [F. pompeux, L. pomposus. See Pomp.]

1. Displaying pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a pompous procession.

2. Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; as, pompous manners; a pompous style. "Pompous in high presumption." Chaucer.

he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress. Thackeray.
-- Pom"ous*ly, adv. -- Pomp"ous*ness, n.

Pomptine

Pomp"tine (?), a. See Pontine.

Pomwater

Pom"wa`ter (?), n. Same as Pomewater.

Poncho

Pon"cho (?), n.; pl. Ponchos (. [Sp.]

1. A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans, having the form of a blanket, with a slit in the middle for the head to pass through. A kind of poncho made of rubber or painted cloth is used by the mounted troops in the United States service.

2. A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.

Pond

Pond (?), n. [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the same word as pound. See Pound an inclosure.] A body of water, naturally or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a lake. "Through pond or pool." Milton. Pond hen (Zo\'94l.), the American coot. See Coot (a). -- Pond lily (Bot.), the water lily. See under Water, and Illust. under Nymph\'91a. -- Pond snail (Zo\'94l.), any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The most common kinds are air-breathing snails (Pulmonifera) belonging to Limn\'91a, Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species are pectinibranchs, belonging to Melantho, Valvata, and various other genera.<-- Some general are italicised, otheres not. Why?? Thus in orig. --> -- Pond spice (Bot.), an American shrub (Tetranthera geniculata) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary clusters of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows in ponds and swamps from Virginia to Florida. -- Pond tortoise, Pond turtle (Zo\'94l.), any freshwater tortoise of the family Emydid\'91. Numerous species are found in North America.
Page 1113

Pond

Pond (?), v. t. To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by damming.

Pond

Pond, v. t. [See Ponder.] To ponder. [Obs.]
Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint. Spenser.

Ponder

Pon"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pondered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pondering.] [L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere to weigh: cf. F. pond\'82rer. See Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.]

1. To weigh. [Obs.]

2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine carefully; to consider attentively.

Ponder the path of thy feet. Prov. iv. 26.
Syn. -- To Ponder, Consider, Muse. To consider means to view or contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or decision. To muse is simply to think upon continuously with no definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any subject which is fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern involving great interests; we muse on the events of childhood.

Ponder

Pon"der, v. i. To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed by on or over. Longfellow.

Ponderability

Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being ponderable.

Ponderable

Pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [L. ponderabilis: cf. F. pond\'82rable.] Capable of being weighed; having appreciable weight. -- Pon"der*a*ble*ness, n.

Ponderal

Pon"der*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pond\'82ral.] Estimated or ascertained by weight; -- distinguished from numeral; as, a ponderal drachma. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Ponderance

Pon"der*ance (?), n. [L. ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh: cf. OF. ponderant of weight.] Weight; gravity. [R.] Gregory.

Ponderary

Pon"der*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to weight; as, a ponderary system. [R.] M'Culloch.

Ponderate

Pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [L. ponderatus, p. p. of ponderare. See Ponder.] To consider; to ponder. [R.]

Ponderate

Pon"der*ate, v. i. To have weight or influence. [R.]

Ponderation

Pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. ponderatio: cf. F. pond\'82ration.] The act of weighing. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Ponderer

Pon"der*er (?), n. One who ponders.

Pondering

Pon"der*ing, a. Deliberating. -- Pon"der*ing*ly, adv.

Ponderosity

Pon`der*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Ponderosities (#). [OF. ponderosit\'82.] The quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness, ponderousness; as, the ponderosity of gold. Ray.

Ponderous

Pon"der*ous (?), a. [L. ponderosus, from pondus, -eris, a weight: cf. F. pond\'82reux. See Ponder.]

1. Very heavy; weighty; as, a ponderous shield; a ponderous load; the ponderous elephant.

The sepulcher . . . Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws. Shak.

2. Important; momentous; forcible. "Your more ponderous and settled project." Shak.

3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a ponderous style; a ponderous joke. Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar, or barytes. See Barite.

Ponderously

Pon"der*ous*ly, adv. In a ponderous manner.

Ponderousness

Pon"der*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being ponderous; ponderosity.

Pondfish

Pond"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of American fresh-water fishes belonging to the family Centrarchid\'91; -- called also pond perch, and sunfish. &hand; The common pondfish of New England (Lepomis gibbosus) is called also bream, pumpkin seed, and sunny. See Sunfish. The long-eared pondfish (Lepomis auritus) of the Eastern United States is distinguished by its very long opercular flap.

Pondweed

Pond"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton, of which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers. Choke pondweed, an American water weed (Anarcharis, ∨ Elodea, Canadensis.) See Anacharis. -- Horned pondweed, the Zannichellia palustris, a slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.

Pone

Pone (?), n. [Of Amer. Indian origin.] A kind of johnnycake. [Written also paune.] [Southern U. S.]

Ponent

Po"nent (?), a. [OF., fr. It. ponente, properly, setting (applied to the setting sun), fr. L. ponens, p. pr. of ponere to set, put.] Western; occidental. [R.]
Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.

Pongee

Pon*gee" (?), n. [Of East Indian origin.] A fabric of undyed silk from India and China.

Ponghee

Pon*ghee" (?), n. [From the native name.] A Buddhist priest of the higher orders in Burmah. Malcom.

Pongo

Pon"go (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and the orang-outang.

Poniard

Pon"iard (?), n. [F. poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp. pu\'a4al), fr. L. pugio, -onis; probably akin to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus fist, as held in the fist. See Pugnacious.] A kind of dagger, -- usually a slender one with a triangular or square blade.
She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.

Poniard

Pon"iard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Poniarding.] To pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper.

Ponibility

Po`ni*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ponere to place.] The capability of being placed or located. [Obs.] Barrow.

Pons

Pons (?), n.; pl. Pontes (#). [L., a bridge.] (Anat.) A bridge; -- applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the pons Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See Brain. Pons asinorum. [L., literally, bridge of asses.] See Asses' bridge, under Ass.

Pontage

Pon"tage (?; 48), n. [LL. pontagium, from L. pons, pontis, a bridge: cf. F. pontage.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty or tax paid for repairing bridges. Ayliffe.

Pontee

Pon*tee" (?), n. [F. pontil, pontis.] (Glass Making) An iron rod used by glass makers for manipulating the hot glass; -- called also, puntil, puntel, punty, and ponty. See Fascet.

Pontic

Pon"tic (?), a. [L. Ponticus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black Sea.

Pontifex

Pon"ti*fex (?), n.; pl. Pontifices (#). [L.] A high priest; a pontiff.

Pontiff

Pon"tiff (?), n. [F. pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis; pons, pontis, a bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + facere to make. Cf. Pontoon.] A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith. (b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.

Pontific

Pon*tif"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. pontificius.]

1. Relating to, or consisting of, pontiffs or priests. "The pontific college with their augurs and flamens." Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal. Shenstone.

Pontifical

Pon*tif"ic*al (?), a. [L. pontificalis: cf. F. pontifical. See Pontiff.]

1. Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as, pontifical authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.

2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.]

Now had they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge of pendent rock Over the vexed abyss. Milton.

Pontifical

Pon*tif"ic*al, n. [F.]

1. A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff. South.

2. pl. The dress and ornaments of a pontiff. "Dressed in full pontificals." Sir W. Scott.

Pontificality

Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The state and government of the pope; the papacy. [R.] Bacon.

Pontifically

Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a pontifical manner.

Pontificate

Pon*tif"i*cate (?), n. [L. pontificatus: cf. F. pontificat. See Pontiff.]

1. The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the office of the pope. Addison.

2. The term of office of a pontiff. Milman.

Pontificate

Pon*tif"i*cate (?), v. i. (R. C. Ch.) To perform the duty of a pontiff.

Pontifice

Pon"ti*fice (?), n. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge + facere to make. Cf. Pontiff.] Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge. [R.] Milton.

Pontificial

Pon`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [L. pontificius.] Papal; pontifical. [Obs.] "Pontificial writers." Burton.

Pontifician

Pon`ti*fi"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Pontifician

Pon`ti*fi"cian, n. One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

Pontil

Pon"til (?), n. Same as Pontee.

Pontile

Pon"tile (?), a. [L. pontilis pertaining to a bridge.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons.

Pontine

Pon"tine (?), a. [L. Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given to a district in Latium, near Pometia.] Of or pertaining to an extensive marshy district between Rome and Naples. [Written also Pomptine.]

Pontlevis

Pont"le*vis (?), n. [F., properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.) The action of a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.

Ponton

Pon*ton" (?), n. [F.] See Pontoon.

Pontoon

Pon*toon" (?), n. [F. ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L. ponto, -onis, fr. pons, pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr. path, pathi, panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.]

1. (Mil.) A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame covered with canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float, used in building bridges quickly for the passage of troops.

2. (Naut.) A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with cranes, capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships, raising weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a lighter. Pontoon bridge, a bridge formed with pontoons. -- Pontoon train, the carriages of the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a pontoon bridge. &hand; The French spelling ponton often appears in scientific works, but pontoon is more common form.

Pontooning

Pon*toon"ing, n. The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon bridges. "Army instruction in pontooning." Gen. W. T. Shermah.

Ponvolant

Pon`vo*lant" (?; F. ?), n. [F. pont bridge + volant flying.] (Mil.) A kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.

Ponty

Pon"ty (?), n. (Class Making) See Pontee.

Pony

Po"ny (?), n.; pl. Ponies (. [Written also poney.] [Gael. ponaidh.]

1. A small horse.

2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang, Eng.]

3. A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a crib. [College Cant]

4. A small glass of beer. [Slang] Pony chaise, a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies. -- Pony engine, a small locomotive for switching cars from one track to another. [U.S.] -- Pony truck (Locomotive Engine), a truck which has only two wheels. -- Pony truss (Bridge Building), a truss which has so little height that overhead bracing can not be used.

Pood

Pood (?), n. [Russ. pud'.] A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.

Poodle

Poo"dle (?), n. [G. pudel.] (Zo\'94l.) A breed of dogs having curly hair, and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of tricks.

Pooh

Pooh (?), interj. [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. p&umac;.] Pshaw! pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.

Pooh-pooh

Pooh`-pooh" (?), v. t. To make light of; to treat with derision or contempt, as if by saying pooh! pooh! [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Pookoo

Poo"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A red African antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water buck.

Pool

Pool (?), n. [AS. p\'d3l; akin to LG. pool, pohl, D. poel, G. pfuhl; cf. Icel. pollr, also W. pwll, Gael. poll.]

1. A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; as, the pools of Solomon. Wyclif.

Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool. Bacon.
The sleepy pool above the dam. Tennyson.

2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. "The filthy mantled pool beyond your cell." Shak.

Pool

Pool, n. [F. poule, properly, a hen. See Pullet.] [Written also poule.]

1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also, the receptacle for the stakes.

2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table. &hand; This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the pockets.

He plays pool at the billiard houses. Thackeray.

3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the winners.

4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.

5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed; as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 into the pool.

6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata according to agreement.

7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities. Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of the colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called pool. -- Pool snipe (Zo\'94l.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pool table, a billiard table with pockets.<-- pool hall, a commercial establishment where customers may play pool for a fee. pool room, (a) a room containing a pool table as its most prominent feature. (b) pool hall. -->

Pool

Pool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooling.] To put together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the companies pooled their traffic.
Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. U. S. Grant.

Pool

Pool, v. i. To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling transaction.

Pooler

Pool"er (?), n. A stick for stirring a tan vat.

Pooling

Pool"ing, n. (Law) The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view to common liabilities or profits.

Poon

Poon (?), n. [Canarese ponne.] A name for several East Indian, or their wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as Calophyllum angustifolium, C. inophullum, and Sterculia f\'d2tida; -- called also peon.

Poonac

Poo"nac (?), n. A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil cake, under Cake.

Poonga oil

Poon"ga oil` (?). A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds of a leguminous tree (Pongamia glabra).

Poop

Poop (?), n. (Arch.) See 2d Poppy.

Poop

Poop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooping.] [Cf. D. poepen. See Pop.] To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.

Poop

Poop, n. [F. poupe; cf. Sp. & Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L. puppis.] (Naut.) A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck. See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse.
With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea. Dryden.
The poop was beaten gold. Shak.

Poop

Poop, v. t. (Naut.) (a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. "A sea which he thought was going to poop her." Lord Dufferin. (b) To strike in the stern, as by collision.

Pooped

Pooped (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) (a) Having a poop; furnished with a poop. (b) Struck on the poop. <-- (c) Tired; exhausted, fatigued. pooped out a. pooped[c]. -->

Pooping

Poop"ing (?), n. (Naut.) The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern by a following wave or vessel.
Page 1114

Poor

Poor (?), a. [Compar. Poorer (?; 254); superl. Poorest.] [OE. poure or povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of which is probably akin to paucus few (see Paucity, Few), and the second to parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf. Parade, Pauper, Poverty.]

1. Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy; indigent. &hand; It is often synonymous with indigent and with necessitous denoting extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a poor man or woman; poor people.

2. (Law) So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public.

3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute of such qualities as are desirable, or might naturally be expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat, plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor horse, ox, dog, etc. "Seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill-favored and lean-fleshed." Gen. xli. 19. (b) Wanting in strength or vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health; poor spirits. "His genius . . . poor and cowardly." Bacon. (c) Of little value or worth; not good; inferior; shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor lodgings. "A poor vessel." Clarendon. (d) Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren; sterile; -- said of land; as, poor soil. (e) Destitute of beauty, fitness, or merit; as, a poor discourse; a poor picture. (f) Without prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate; unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a poor night. (g) Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse.

That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the last day. Calamy.

4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of contempt.

And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray. Shak.
Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. Prior.

5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. "Blessed are the poor in spirit." Matt. v. 3. Poor law, a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of the poor. -- Poor man's treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] Dr. Prior. -- Poor man's weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather. -- Poor rate, an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or support of the poor. -- Poor soldier (Zo\'94l.), the friar bird. -- The poor, those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public. "I have observed the more public provisions are made for the poor, the less they provide for themselves." Franklin.

Poor

Poor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); -- called also power cod.

Poorbox

Poor"box` (?), n. A receptacle in which money given for the poor is placed.

Poorhouse

Poor"house` (?), n. A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.

Poor-john

Poor"-john` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European fish, similar to the cod, but of inferior quality.
Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare. Sir J. Harrington.

Poorliness

Poor"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.

Poorly

Poor"ly, adv.

1. In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or suitable provision for comfort; as, to live poorly.

2. With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or advantage; as, to do poorly in business.

3. Meanly; without spirit.

Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, That from his wars they poorly would retire. Dryden.

4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs poorly. Poorly off, not well off; not rich.

Poorly

Poor"ly, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health. "Having been poorly in health." T. Scott.

Poorness

Poor"ness, n. The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses of the adjective). Bacon.

Poor-spirited

Poor"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base. -- Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

Poor-will

Poor"-will` (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the Western United States (Phal\'91noptilus Nutalli) allied to the whip-poor-will.

Poor-willie

Poor"-wil`lie (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

Pop

Pop (?), n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Poop.]

1. A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off with a pop. Addison.

2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from the bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Pop corn. (a) Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping; especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact. (b) Popped corn; which has been popped.

Pop

Pop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Popped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popping.]

1. To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away on all sides.

2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off, etc.

He that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my hopes. Shak.
A trick of popping up and down every moment. Swift.

3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn pops well.

Pop

Pop, v. t.

1. To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the door.

He popped a paper into his hand. Milton.

2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of Indian corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts. To pop off, to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off with a denial. Locke. -- To pop the question, to make an offer of marriage to a lady. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Pop

Pop (?), adv. Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly. "Pop goes his plate." Beau. & Fl.

Pope

Pope (?), n. [AS. p\'bepa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf. Papa, Papal.]

1. Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe.

2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note under Cardinal.

3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish; the ruff. Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments. -- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.

Popedom

Pope"dom (?), n. [AS. p\'beped\'d3m.]

1. The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity. Shak.

2. The jurisdiction of the pope.

Popeling

Pope"ling (?), n.

1. A petty or deputy pope.

2. An adherent of the pope. [R.] Marlowe.

Popelote

Pop"e*lote (?), n. A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. Popet. [Obs.]
So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench. Chaucer.

Popery

Pop"er*y (?), n. The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, comprehending doctrines and practices; -- generally used in an opprobrious sense.

Popet

Pop"et (?), n. A puppet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Popgun

Pop"gun` (?), n. A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.

Popinjay

Pop"in*jay (?), n. [OE. popingay, papejay, OF. papegai, papegaut; cf. Pr. papagai, Sp. & Pg. papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. gallus cock, or the same word as E. jay, F. geai. Cf. Papagay.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The green woodpecker. (b) A parrot.

The pye and popyngay speak they know not what. Tyndale.

2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.]

3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. "To be so pestered with a popinjay." Shak.

Popish

Pop"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the pope; hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; -- often used opprobriously. -- Pop"ish*ly, adv. -- Pop"ish*ness, n.

Poplar

Pop"lar (?), n. [OE. popler, OF. poplier, F. peuplier, fr. L. populus poplar.] (Bot.)

1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, which is soft, and capable of many uses. &hand; The aspen poplar is Populus tremula and P. tremuloides; Balsam poplar is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba.

2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]

Poplexy

Po*plex"y (?), n. Apoplexy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poplin

Pop"lin (?), n. [F. popeline, papeline.] A fabric of many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, -- used especially for women's dresses. Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made in Ireland.

Popliteal

Pop*lit"e*al (?; 277), a. [From L. poples, -itis, the ham.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee joint; as, the popliteal space.

Poplitic

Pop*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Popliteal.

Popper

Pop"per (?), n. A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with a long handle.

Popper

Pop"per, n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poppet

Pop"pet (?), n.

1. See Puppet.

2. (Naut.) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in launching. Totten.

3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only. Poppet head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a).

Popied

Pop"ied (?), a. [See 1st Poppy.]

1. Mingled or interspersed with poppies. "Poppied corn." Keats.

2. Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy; listless; inactive. [R.]

The poppied sails doze on the yard. Lowell.

Popping

Pop"ping (?), a. & n. from Pop. Popping crease. (Cricket) See under Crease.

Popple

Pop"ple (?), v. i. [Cf. Pop.] To move quickly up and down; to bob up and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble. Cotton.

Popple

Pop"ple, n.

1. The poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

2. Tares. [Obs.] "To sow popple among wheat." Bale.

Poppy

Pop"py (?), n.; pl. Poppies (#). [OE. popy, AS. popig, L. papaver.] (Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (Papaver somniferum) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule. California poppy (Bot.), any yellow-flowered plant of the genus Eschscholtzia. -- Corn poppy. See under Corn. -- Horn, ∨ Horned, poppy. See under Horn. -- Poppy bee (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-cutting bee (Anthocopa papaveris) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the lining of its cells; -- called also upholsterer bee. -- Prickly poppy (Bot.), Argemone Mexicana, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family, but as prickly as a thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium poppy (P. somniferum). -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene (S. inflata). See Catchfly.

Poppy, Poppyhead

Pop"py (?), Pop"py*head` (?), n. [F. poup\'82e doll, puppet. See Puppet.] (Arch.) A raised ornament frequently having the form of a final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.

Populace

Pop"u*lace (?), n. [F. populace, fr. It. popolaccio, popolazzo, fr. popolo people, L. populus. See People.] The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, office, education, or profession. Pope.
To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. Daniel.
They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. Tennyson.
Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.

Populacy

Pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Populace. [Obs.] Feltham.

Popular

Pop"u*lar (?), a. [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F. populaire. See People.]

1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the popular voice; popular elections. "Popular states." Bacon. "So the popular vote inclines." Milton.

The commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a distance. J. H. Newman.

2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain.

Homilies are plain popular instructions. Hooker.

3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular prices; popular amusements.

The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others, the basest and of least account. Holland.

4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular administration.

5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace. [R.]

Such popular humanity is treason. Addison.

6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease. [Obs.] Johnson. Popular action (Law), an action in which any person may sue for penalty imposed by statute. Blackstone.

Populares

Pop`u*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] The people or the people's party, in ancient Rome, as opposed to the optimates.

Popularity

Pop`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Popularities (#). [L. popularitas an effort to please the people: cf. F. popularit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large; good will or favor proceeding from the people; as, the popularity of a law, statesman, or a book.

A popularity which has lasted down to our time. Macaulay.

2. The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor, or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.

This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls into a habit of affectation. B. Jonson.

3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the vulgar; claptrap.

Popularities, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary judgment. Bacon.

4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs.] "Indicted . . . for popularity and ambition." Holland.

5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.]

A little time be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease. Bancroft.

Popularization

Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.

Popularize

Pop"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popularizing (?).] [Cf. F. populariser.] To make popular; to make suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known; as, to popularize philosophy. "The popularizing of religious teaching." Milman.

Popularizer

Pop"u*lar*i`zer (?), n. One who popularizes.

Popularly

Pop"u*lar*ly, adv. In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was popularity reported.
The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed. Dryden.

Popularness

Pop"u*lar*ness, n. The quality or state of being popular; popularity. Coleridge.

Populate

Pop"u*late (?), a. [L. populus people. See People.] Populous. [Obs.] Bacon.

Populate

Pop"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Populated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Populating.] To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase or by immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people.

Populate

Pop"u*late, v. i. To propagate. [Obs.]
Great shoals of people which go on to populate. Bacon.

Population

Pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. populatio: cf. F. population.]

1. The act or process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.

2. The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or portion of a country; as, a population of ten millions.

Populator

Pop"u*la`tor (?), n. One who populates.

Populicide

Pop"u*li*cide` (?), n. [L. populus people + caedere to kill.] Slaughter of the people. [R.]

Populin

Pop"u*lin (?), n. [L. populus poplar: cf. F. populine.] (Chem.) A glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of the poplar (Populus), and extracted as a sweet white crystalline substance.
Page 1115

Populosity

Pop`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. populositas: cf. F. populosit\'82.] Populousness.[Obs.]

Populous

Pop"u*lous (?), a. [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F. populeux.]

1. Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.

Heaven, yet populous, retains Number sufficient to possess her realms. Milton.

2. Popular; famous. [Obs.] J. Webster.

3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.] Arden of Feversham.

4. Numerous; in large number. [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your populous troops." Shak. -- Pop"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Pop"u*lous*ness, n.

Poraille

Po*raille" (?), n. [OF. pouraille. See Poor.] Poor people; the poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Porbeagle

Por"bea`gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of shark (Lamna cornubica), about eight feet long, having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped tail; -- called also mackerel shark. [Written also probeagle.]

Porcate

Por"cate (?), a. [L. porca a ridge between two furrows.] (Zo\'94l.) Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed.

Porcelain

Por"ce*lain (?), n. (Bot.) Purslain. [Obs.]

Porcelain

Por"ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr\'91a porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either on account of its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to be made from it. See Pork.] A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and America; -- called also China, or China ware.
Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break. Dryden.
Ivory porcelain, porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by depolishing. See Depolishing. -- Porcelain clay. See under Clay. -- Porcelain crab (Zo\'94l.), any crab of the genus Porcellana and allied genera (family Porcellanid\'91). They have a smooth, polished carapace. -- Porcelain jasper. (Min.) See Porcelanite. -- Porcelain printing, the transferring of an impression of an engraving to porcelain. -- Porcelain shell (Zo\'94l.), a cowry.

Porcelainized

Por"ce*lain*ized (?), a. (Geol.) Baked like potter's lay; -- applied to clay shales that have been converted by heat into a substance resembling porcelain.

Porcelaneous, Porcellaneous

Por`ce*la"ne*ous (?), Por`cel*la"ne*ous (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to porcelain; resembling porcelain; as, porcelaneous shells.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of certain Foraminifera.

Porcelanite

Por"ce*la*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. porcelanite.] (Min.) A semivitrified clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; -- called also porcelain jasper.

Porcelanous, Porcellanous

Por"ce*la`nous (?), Por"cel*la`nous (?), a. Porcelaneous. Ure.

Porch

Porch (?), n. [F. porche, L. porticus, fr. porta a gate, entrance, or passage. See Port a gate, and cf. Portico.]

1. (Arch.) A covered and inclosed entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. Sometimes the porch is large enough to serve as a covered walk. See also Carriage porch, under Carriage, and Loggia.

The graceless Helen in the porch I spied Of Vesta's temple. Dryden.

2. A portico; a covered walk. [Obs.]

Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find find us. Shak.
The Porch, a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent to the school of the Stoics. It was called "h poiki`lh stoa`. [See Poicile.]

Porcine

Por"cine (?), a. [L. porcinus, from porcus a swine. See Pork.] Of or pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog. "Porcine cheeks." G. Eliot.

Porcupine

Por"cu*pine (?), n. [OE. porkepyn, porpentine, OF. porc-espi, F. porc-\'82pic (cf. It. porco spino, porco spinoso, Sp. puerco espino, puerco espin, fr. L. porcus swine + spina thorn, spine). The last part of the French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F. \'82pi ear, a spike of grain, L. spica. See Pork, Spike a large nail, Spine.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any Old Word rodent of the genus Hystrix, having the back covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a foot long. The common species of Europe and Asia (Hystrix cristata) is the best known.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Erethizon and related genera, native of America. They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter spines, and are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine (Erethizon dorsatus) is a well known species. Porcupine ant-eater (Zo\'94l.), the echidna. -- Porcupine crab (Zo\'94l.), a large spiny Japanese crab (Acantholithodes hystrix). -- Porcupine disease (Med.). See Ichthyosis. -- Porcupine fish (Zo\'94l.), any plectognath fish having the body covered with spines which become erect when the body is inflated. See Diodon, and Globefish. -- Porcupine grass (Bot.), a grass (Stipa spartea) with grains bearing a stout twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling through changes in moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate grain into the wool and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois westward. See Illustration in Appendix. -- Porcupine wood (Bot.), the hard outer wood of the cocoa palm; -- so called because, when cut horizontally, the markings of the wood resemble the quills of a porcupine.

Pore

Pore (?), n. [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. Fare, v.]

1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for transpiration, absorption, etc.

2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones.

Pore

Pore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poring.] [OE. poren, of uncertain origin; cf. D. porren to poke, thrust, Gael. purr.] To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually with over."Painfully to pore upon a book." Shak.
The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing. Dryden.

Poreblind

Pore"blind` (?), a. [Probably influenced by pore, v. See Purblind.] Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind. [Obs.] Bacon.

Porer

Por"er (?), n. One who pores.

Porgy

Por"gy (?), n.; pl. Porgies (#). [See Paugie.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The scup. (b) The sailor's choice, or pinfish. (c) The margate fish. (d) The spadefish. (e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several other fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie, and paugy.]

Porifera

Po*rif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. porus pore + ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges; -- called also Spongi\'91, Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The principal divisions are Calcispongi\'91, Keratosa or Fibrospongi\'91, and Silicea.

Poriferan

Po*rif"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polifera.

Poriferata

Po*rif`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] The Polifera.

Poriform

Po"ri*form (?), a. [L. porus pore + -form: cf. F. poriforme.] Resembling a pore, or small puncture.

Porime

Po"rime (?), n. [Gr. (Math.) A theorem or proposition so easy of demonstration as to be almost self-evident. [R.] Crabb.

Poriness

Por"i*ness (?), n. Porosity. Wiseman.

Porism

Po"rism (?), n. [Gr. porisme.]

1. (Geom.) A proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate or capable of innumerable solutions. Playfair.

2. (Gr. Geom.) A corollary. Brande & C. &hand; Three books of porisms of Euclid have been lost, but several attempts to determine the nature of these propositions and to restore them have been made by modern geometers.

Porismatic, Porismatical

Po`ris*mat"ic (?), Po`ris*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a porism; poristic.

Poristic, Poristical

Po*ris"tic (?), Po*ris"tic*al (?), a.[Gr. Of or pertaining to a porism; of the nature of a porism.

Porite

Po"rite (?), n. [Cf. F. porite. See Pore, n.] (Zo\'94l.) Any coral of the genus Porites, or family Poritid\'91.

Porites

Po*ri"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An important genus of reef-building corals having small twelve-rayed calicles, and a very porous coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large massive or globular forms.

Pork

Pork (?), n. [F. porc, L. porcus hog, pig. See Farrow a litter of pigs, and cf. Porcelain, Porpoise.] The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for food.

Porker

Pork"er (?), n. A hog. Pope.

Porket

Pork"et (?), n. [Dim. of F. porc. See Pork.] A young hog; a pig. [R.] Dryden. W. Howitt.

Porkling

Pork"ling (?), n. A pig; a porket. Tusser.

Porkwood

Pork"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a small tree (Pisonia obtusata) of Florida and the West Indies. Also called pigeon wood, beefwood, and corkwood.

Pornerastic

Por`ne*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. Lascivious; licentious. [R.] F. Harrison.

Pornographic

Por`no*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious; licentious; as, pornographic writing.

Pornography

Por*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.]

1. Licentious painting or literature; especially, the painting anciently employed to decorate the walls of rooms devoted to bacchanalian orgies.

2. (Med.) A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.

Porosity

Po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. porosit\'82.] The quality or state of being porous; -- opposed to density.

Porotic

Po*rot"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A medicine supposed to promote the formation of callus.

Porous

Por"ous (?), a. [Cf. F. poreux. See Pore, n.] Full of pores; having interstices in the skin or in the substance of the body; having spiracles or passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; as, a porous skin; porous wood. "The veins of porous earth." Milton.

Porously

Por"ous*ly, adv. In a porous manner.

Porousness

Por"ous*ness, n.

1. The quality of being porous.

2. The open parts; the interstices of anything. [R.]

They will forcibly get into the porousness of it. Sir K. Digby.

Porpentine

Por"pen*tine (?), n. Porcupine. [Obs.] Shak.

Porpesse

Por"pesse (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.]

Porphyraceous

Por`phy*ra"ceous (?), a. Porphyritic.

Porphyre

Por"phyre (?), n. Porphyry. [Obs.] Locke.

Porphyrite

Por"phy*rite (?), n. (Min.) A rock with a porphyritic structure; as, augite porphyrite.

Porphyritic

Por`phy*rit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. porphyritique.] (Min.) Relating to, or resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by the presence of distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline.

Porphyrization

Por`phy*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act of porphyrizing, or the state of being porphyrized.

Porphyrize

Por`phy*rize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. porphyriser, Gr. To cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like porphyry.

Porphyrogenitism

Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism (?), n. [LL. porphyro genitus, fr. Gr. The principle of succession in royal families, especially among the Eastern Roman emperors, by which a younger son, if born after the accession of his father to the throne, was preferred to an elder son who was not so born. Sir T. Palgrave.

Porphyry

Por"phy*ry (?), n.; pl. Porphyries (#). [F. porphyre, L. porphyrites, fr. Gr. Purple.] (Geol.) A term used somewhat loosely to designate a rock consisting of a fine-grained base (usually feldspathic) through which crystals, as of feldspar or quartz, are disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties, which are highly esteemed as marbles. Porphyry shell (Zo\'94l.), a handsome marine gastropod shell (Oliva porphyria), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked with light spots, like porphyry.

Porpita

Por"pi*ta (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of bright-colored Siphonophora found floating in the warmer parts of the ocean. The individuals are round and disk-shaped, with a large zooid in the center of the under side, surrounded by smaller nutritive and reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin. The disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst.

Porpoise

Por"poise (?), n. [OE. porpeys, OF. porpeis, literally, hog fish, from L. porcus swine + piscis fish. See Pork, and Fish.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any small cetacean of the genus Phoc\'91na, especially P. communis, or P. phoc\'91na, of Europe, and the closely allied American species (P. Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler beneath. They are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter snout. Called also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig, and snuffer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A true dolphin (Delphinus); -- often so called by sailors. Skunk porpoise, ∨ Bay porpoise (Zo\'94l.), a North American porpoise (Lagenorhynchus acutus), larger than the common species, and with broad stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in Appendix.

Porporino

Por`po*ri"no (?), n. [It.] A composition of quicksilver, tin, and sulphur, forming a yellow powder, sometimes used by medi\'91val artists, for the sake of economy, instead of gold. Fairholt.

Porpus

Por"pus (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.] Swift.

Porraceous

Por*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. porraceus, from porrum, porrus, a leek.] Resembling the leek in color; greenish. [R.] "Porraceous vomiting." Wiseman.

Porrect

Por*rect" (?), a. [L. porrectus, p. p. of porrigere to stretch out before one's self, to but forth.] Extended horizontally; stretched out.

Porrection

Por*rec"tion (?), n. [L. porrectio: cf. F. porrection.] The act of stretching forth.

Porret

Por"ret (?), n. [F. porrette, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. See Porraceous.] A scallion; a leek or small onion. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Porridge

Por"ridge (?), n. [Probably corrupted fr. pottage; perh. influenced by OE. porree a kind of pottage, OF. porr\'82e, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. See Pottage, and cf. Porringer.] A food made by boiling some leguminous or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk, making of broth or thin pudding; as, barley porridge, milk porridge, bean porridge, etc.

Porringer

Por"rin*ger (?), n. [OE. pottanger, for pottager; cf. F. potager a soup basin. See Porridge.] A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.

Port

Port (?), n. [From Oporto, in Portugal, i. e., the port, L. portus. See Port harbor.] A dark red or purple astringent wine made in Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.

Port

Port, n. [AS. port, L. portus: cf. F. port. See Farm, v., Ford, and 1st, 3d, & 4h Port.]

1. A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively.

Page 1116

Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. Shak.
We are in port if we have Thee. Keble.

2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they finish their voyages. Free port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom, 4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port. -- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into port. -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.

Port

Port (?), n. [F. porte, L. porta, akin to portus; cf. AS. porte, fr. L. porta. See Port a harbor, and cf. Porte.]

1. A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal. [Archaic]

Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. Shak.
Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. Milton.

2. (Naut.) An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which close such an opening.

Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam, water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face. Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar (Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid (Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. -- Steam port, ∧ Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of the steam, respectively.

Port

Port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ported; p. pr. & vb. n. Porting.] [F. porter, L. portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. To carry; to bear; to transport. [Obs.]

They are easily ported by boat into other shires. Fuller.

2. (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as, to port arms.

Began to hem him round with ported spears. Milton.
Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.

Port

Port, n. [F. port, fr. porter to carry, L. portare, prob. akin to E. fare, v. See Port harbor, and cf. Comport, Export, Sport.] The manner in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing; demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser.
And of his port as meek as is a maid. Chaucer.
The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the world. South.

Port

Port, n. [Etymology uncertain.] (Naut.) The larboard or left side of a ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively.

Port

Port, v. t. (Naut.) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a command; as, port your helm.

Porta

Por"ta (?), n.; pl. Port\'91 (#). [L., a gate. See Port a hole.] (Anat.) (a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves enter; the hilus. (b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder.

Portability

Port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being portable; fitness to be carried.

Portable

Port"a*ble (?), a. [L. portabilis, fr. portare to carry: cf. F. portable. See Port demeanor.]

1. Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; as, a portable bed, desk, engine. South.

2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.]

How light and portable my pain seems now! Shak.
Portable forge. See under Forge. -- Portable steam engine. See under Steam engine.

Portableness

Port"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being portable; portability.

Portace

Por"tace (?; 48), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

Portage

Port"age (?; 48), n. [From 2d Port.] (Naut.) (a) A sailor's wages when in port. (b) The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.

Portage

Port"age, n. [3d Port.] A porthole. [Obs.] Shak.

Portage

Por"tage (?), n. [F., from porter to carry. See Port to carry.]

1. The act of carrying or transporting.

2. The price of carriage; porterage. Bp. Fell.

3. Capacity for carrying; tonnage. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

4. A carry between navigable waters. See 3d Carry.

Portage

Por"tage (?), v. t. & i. To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland between navigable waters.

Portage group

Por"tage group` (?). [So called from the township of Portage in New York.] (Geol.) A subdivision of the Chemung period in American geology. See Chart of Geology.

Portague

Por"ta*gue (?), n. [See Portuguese.] A Portuguese gold coin formerly current, and variously estimated to be worth from three and one half to four and one half pounds sterling. [Obs.] [Written also portegue and portigue.]
Ten thousand portagues, besides great pearls. Marlowe.

Portal

Por"tal (?), n. [OF. portal, F. portail, LL. portale, fr. L. porta a gate. See Port a gate.]

1. A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one that is grand and imposing.

Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone. Milton.
From out the fiery portal of the east. Shak.

2. (Arch.) (a) The lesser gate, where there are two of different dimensions. (b) Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage to another apartment. (c) By analogy with the French portail, used by recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds and includes the doorways and porches of a church.

3. (Bridge Building) The space, at one end, between opposite trusses when these are terminated by inclined braces.

4. A prayer book or breviary; a portass. [Obs.] Portal bracing (Bridge Building), a combination of struts and ties which lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to transfer wind pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an abutment or pier of the bridge.

Portal

Por"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the porta of the liver; as, the portal vein, which enters the liver at the porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery. &hand; Portal is applied to other veins which break up into capillaries; as, the renal portal veins in the frog.

Portamento

Por`ta*men"to (?), n. [It., fr. portare to carry.] (Mus.) In singing, or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice or sound very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone to tone.

Portance

Por"tance (?), n. See Port, carriage, demeanor. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

Portass

Por"tass (?), n. [OF. porte-hors a kind of prayer book, so called from being portable; cf. LL. portiforium.] A breviary; a prayer book. [Written variously portace, portasse, portesse, portise, porthose, portos, portus, portuse, etc.] [Obs.] Spenser. Camden.
By God and by this porthors I you swear. Chaucer.

Portate

Por"tate (?), a. [L. portatus, p. p. of portare to carry.] (Her.) Borne not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a cross portate.

Portative

Por"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. portatif.]

1. Portable. [Obs.]

2. (Physics) Capable of holding up or carrying; as, the portative force of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity.

Portcluse

Port"cluse (?), n. A portcullis. [Obs.]

Portcrayon

Port`cray"on (?), n. [F. porte-crayon; porter to carry + crayon a crayon.] A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.

Portcullis

Port*cul"lis (?), n. [OF. porte coulisse, cole\'8bce, a sliding door, fr. L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain: cf. F. couler to glide. See Port a gate, and cf. Cullis, Colander.]

1. (Fort.) A grating of iron or of timbers pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a fortress, to be let down to prevent the entrance of an enemy. "Let the portcullis fall." Sir W. Scott.

She . . . the huge portcullis high updrew. Milton.

2. An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of the East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a portcullis on the reverse.

Portcullis

Port*cul"lis, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portcullised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Portcullising.] To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut; to bar. [R.] Shak.

Porte

Porte (?), n. [F. porte a gate, L. porta. See Port a gate.] The Ottoman court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called the Sublime Porte, from the gate (port) of the sultan's palace at which justice was administered.

Porte-coch\'8are

Porte"-co`ch\'8are" (?), n. [F. See Port a gate, and Coach.] (Arch.) A large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building. It is common to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the porte-coch\'8are. Also, a porch over a driveway before an entrance door.

Ported

Port"ed (?), a. Having gates. [Obs.]
We took the sevenfold-ported Thebes. Chapman.

Portegue

Por"te*gue (?), n. See Portague. [Obs.]

Portemonnaie

Porte"mon*naie` (?), n. [F., fr. porter to carry + monnaie money.] A small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.

Por-tend

Por-tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portended; p. pr. & vb. n. Portending.] [L. portendre, portentum, to foretell, to predict, to impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + tendere to stretch. See Position, Tend.]

1. To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in future; to foreshow; to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of unpropitious signs. Bacon.

Many signs portended a dark and stormy day. Macaulay.

2. To stretch out before. [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus' portended steel." Pope. Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; augur; presage; foreshadow; threaten.

Portension

Por*ten"sion (?), n. The act of foreshowing; foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Portent

Por*tent" (?; 277), n. [L. portentum. See Portend.] That which portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of coming calamity; an omen; a sign. Shak.
My loss by dire portents the god foretold. Dryden.

Portentive

Por*tent"ive (?), a. Presaging; foreshadowing.

Portentous

Por*tent"ous (?), a. [L. portentosus.]

1. Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing, esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous.

For, I believe, they are portentous things. Shak.
Victories of strange and almost portentous splendor. Macaulay.

2. Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of portentous size. Roscommon. -- Por*tent"ous*ly, adv. -- Por*tent"ous*ness, n.

Porter

Por"ter (?), n. [F. portier, L. portarius, from porta a gate, door. See Port a gate.] A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one who waits at the door to receive messages. Shak.
To him the porter openeth. John x. 3.

Porter

Por"ter, n. [F. porteur, fr. porter to carry, L. portare. See Port to carry.]

1. A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for hire.

2. (Forging) A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled is hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar.

3. A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste, possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities. &hand; Porter is said to be so called as having been first used chiefly by the London porters, and this application of the word is supposed to be not older than 1750.

Porterage

Por"ter*age (?), n.

1. The work of a porter; the occupation of a carrier or of a doorkeeper.

2. Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a porter.

Porteress

Por"ter*ess, n. See Portress.

Porterhouse

Por"ter*house, n. A house where porter is sold. Porterhouse steak, a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.

Portesse

Por"tesse (?), n. See Porteass. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Portfire

Port"fire` (?), n. A case of strong paper filled with a composition of niter, sulphur, and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.

Portfolio

Port*fol"io (?), n. [F. portefeuille; porter to carry + feuille a leaf. See Port to carry, and Folio.]

1. A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc.

2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the portfolio.

Portglave

Port"glave (?), n. [F. porte-glaive; porter to carry + glaive a sword.] A sword bearer. [Obs.]

Portgreve, Portgrave

Port"greve` (?), Port"grave` (?),[AS. portger\'c7fa; port a harbor + ger\'c7fa a reeve or sheriff. See Reeve a steward, and cf. Portreeve.] In old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.; a portreeve. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Porthole

Port"hole` (?), n. (Naut.) An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.

Porthook

Port"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the iron hooks to which the port hinges are attached. J. Knowles.

Porthors

Port"hors` (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Portico

Por"ti*co, n.; pl. Porticoes (#) or Porticos. [It., L. porticus. See Porch.] (Arch.) A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance of a building.

Porticoed

Por"ti*coed (?), a. Furnished with a portico.

Porti\'8are

Por`ti\'8are"" (?), n. [F., fr. porte gate, door. See Port a gate.] A curtain hanging across a doorway.

Portigue

Por"ti*gue (?), n. See Portague. Beau. & Fl.

Portingal

Por"tin*gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.] -- n. A Portuguese. [Obs.]

Portion

Por"tion (?), n. [F., from L. portio, akin to pars, partis, a part. See Part, n.]

1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything.

2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or separated from the whole.

These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of him! Job xxvi. 14.
Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. Tennyson.

3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.

The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers. Luke xii. 46.
Man's portion is to die and rise again. Keble.

4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an inheritance.

Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. Luke xv. 12.

5. A wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak. Syn. -- Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend. -- Portion, Part. Part is generic, having a simple reference to some whole. Portion has the additional idea of such a division as bears reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; as, a portion of one's time; a portion of Scripture.

Portion

Por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Portioning.]

1. To separate or divide into portions or shares; to parcel; to distribute.

And portion to his tribes the wide domain. Pope.

2. To endow with a portion or inheritance.

Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest. Pope.
Page 1117

Portioner

Por"tion*er (?), n.

1. One who portions.

2. (Eccl.) See Portionist, 2.

Portionist

Por"tion*ist (?), n.

1. A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a certain academical allowance or portion; -- corrupted into postmaster. Shipley.

2. (Eccl.) One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more rectors or vicars.

Portionless

Por"tion*less, a. Having no portion.

Portise

Por"tise (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

Portland cement

Port"land ce*ment" (?). A cement having the color of the Portland stone of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate of lime and clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky clays. It contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under water.

Portland stone

Port"land stone" (?). A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the Isle of Portland in England, much used in building.

Portland vase

Port"land vase` (?). A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the tomb of the Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of Portland, and kept in the British Museum.

Portlast

Port"last (?), n. (Naut.) The portoise. See Portoise.

Portliness

Port"li*ness (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being portly; dignity of mien or of personal appearance; stateliness.

Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor. Spenser.

2. Bulkiness; corpulence.

Portly

Port"ly, a. [From Port demeanor.]

1. Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing.

2. Bulky; corpulent. "A portly personage." Dickens.

Portman

Port"man (?), n.; pl. Portmen (. An inhabitant or burgess of a port, esp. of one of the Cinque Ports.

Portmanteau

Port*man"teau (?), n.; pl. Portmanteaus (#). [F. porte-manteau; porter to carry + manteau a cloak, mantle. See Port to carry, and Mantle.] A bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on journeys. Thackeray.

Portmantle

Port*man"tle (?), n. A portmanteau. [Obs.]

Portmote

Port"mote` (?), n. In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a port town. [Obs.] Blackstone.

Portoir

Por"toir (?), n. [OF., fr. porter to bear.] One who, or that which, bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces. [Obs.]
Branches . . . which were portoirs, and bare grapes. Holland.

Portoise

Por"toise (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. porteis portative, portable.] (Naut.) The gunwale of a ship. To lower the yards a-portoise, to lower them to the gunwale. -- To ride a portoise, to ride an anchor with the lower yards and topmasts struck or lowered, as in a gale of wind.

Portos

Por"tos (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

Portpane

Port"pane (?), n. [From L. portare to carry + panis bread; prob. through French.] A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it with the hands. [Obs.]

Portrait

Por"trait (?), n. [F., originally p. p. of portraire to portray. See Portray.]

1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life.

In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature. Sir J. Reynolds.
&hand; The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a photographic likeness.

2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person; as, a portrait in words. Portrait bust, ∨ Portrait statue, a bust or statue representing the actual features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an ideal bust or statue.

Portrait

Por"trait, v. t. To portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser.

Portraitist

Por"trait*ist, n. A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.

Portraiture

Por"trai*ture (?; 135), n. [F. portraiture.]

1. A portrait; a likeness; a painted resemblance; hence, that which is copied from some example or model.

For, by the image of my cause, I see The portraiture of his. Shak.
Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our neighbors but the portraiture. Bacon.

2. Pictures, collectively; painting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. The art or practice of making portraits. Walpole.

Portraiture

Por"trai*ture, v. t. To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait; to portray. [R.] Shaftesbury.

Portray

Por*tray" (?), v. t. [Written also pourtray.] [imp. & p. p. portrayed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Portraying.] [OE. pourtraien, OF. portraire, pourtraire, F. portraire, fr. L. protrahere, protractum, to draw or drag forth; pro forward, forth + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Protract.]

1. To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a king on horseback.

Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city, even Jerusalem. Ezek. iv. 1.

2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.

3. To adorn with pictures. [R.]

Spear and helmets thronged, and shields Various with boastful arguments potrayed. Milton.

Portrayal

Por*tray"al (?), n. The act or process of portraying; description; delineation.

Portrayer

Por*tray"er (?), n. One who portrays. Chaucer.

Portreeve

Port"reeve` (?), n. A port warden.

Portress

Por"tress (?), n. A female porter. Milton.

Port-royalist

Port-roy"al*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the dwellers in the Cistercian convent of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was the home of the Jansenists in the 17th century, among them being Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. Jansenist.

Portsale

Port"sale` (?), n. [Port gate + sale.] Public or open sale; auction. [Obs.] Holland.

Portuary

Por"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf. Portass.] (R. C. Ch.) A breviary. [Eng.]

Portuguese

Por"tu*guese (?), a. [Cf. F. portugais, Sp. portugues, Pg. portuguez.] Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal. Portuguese man-of-war. (Zo\'94l.) See Physalia.

Portulaca

Por`tu*la"ca (?), n. [L., purslane.] (Bot.) A genus of polypetalous plants; also, any plant of the genus. &hand; Portulaca oleracea is the common purslane. P. grandiflora is a South American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.

Portulacaceous

Por`tu*la*ca"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Portulacace\'91), of which Portulaca is the type, and which includes also the spring beauty (Claytonia) and other genera.

Porwigle

Por"wi`gle (?), n. See Polliwig.

Pory

Por"y (?), a. Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden.

Pos\'82

Po`s\'82" (?), a. [F., placed, posed.] (Her.) Standing still, with all the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or other beast.

Pose

Pose (?), n. [AS. gepose; of uncertain origin; cf. W. pas a cough, Skr. k\'bes to cough, and E. wheeze.] A cold in the head; catarrh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pose

Pose (?), n. [F. pose, fr. poser. See Pose, v. t.] The attitude or position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect; an artificial position; as, the pose of an actor; the pose of an artist's model or of a statue.

Pose

Pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Posing.] [F. poser to place, to put, L. pausare to pause, in LL. also, to place, put, fr. L. pausa a pause, Gr. few. In compounds, this word appears corresponding to L. ponere to put, place, the substitution in French having been probably due to confusion of this word with L. positio position, fr. ponere. See Few, and cf. Appose, Dispose, Oppose, Pause, Repose, Position.] To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; as, to pose a model for a picture; to pose a sitter for a portrait.

Pose

Pose, v. i. To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize; figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses as a prude.
He . . . posed before her as a hero. Thackeray.

Pose

Pose, v. t. [Shortened from appose, for oppose. See 2d Appose, Oppose.]

1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] "She . . . posed him and sifted him." Bacon.

2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand.

A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle him. Barrow.

Posed

Posed (?), a. Firm; determined; fixed. "A most posed . . . and grave behavior." [Obs.] Urquhart.

Poser

Pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or inexplicable question or fact. Bacon.

Posied

Po"sied (?), a. Inscribed with a posy.
In poised lockets bribe the fair. Gay.

Posingly

Pos"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to pose or puzzle.

Posit

Pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posited; p. pr. & vb. n. Positing.] [L. ponere, positum, to place. See Position.]

1. To dispose or set firmly or fixedly; to place or dispose in relation to other objects. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Logic) To assume as real or conceded; as, to posit a principle. Sir W. Hamilton.

Position

Po*si"tion (?), n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See Site, and cf. Composite, Compound, v., Depone, Deposit, Expound, Impostor, Opposite, Propound, Pose, v., Posit, Post, n.]

1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright position.

We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our different positions to it. Locke.

2. The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site; place; station; situation; as, the position of man in creation; the fleet changed its position.

3. Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or controversy; the point of view from which any one proceeds to a discussion; also, a principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a proposition; a thesis; as, to define one's position; to appear in a false position.

Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions that follow, but always on those which go before. I. Watts.

4. Relative place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person of position; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's position.

5. (Arith.) A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions; -- called also the rule of trial and error. Angle of position (Astron.), the angle which any line (as that joining two stars) makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle of declination. -- Double position (Arith.), the method of solving problems by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to the conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be applied to one of them to obtain the true result. -- Guns of position (Mil.), heavy fieldpieces, not designed for quick movements. -- Position finder (Mil.), a range finder. See under Range. -- Position micrometer, a micrometer applied to the tube of an astronomical telescope for measuring angles of position in the field of view. -- Single position (Arith.), the method of solving problems, in which the result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to the true result as the number assumed is to the number required. -- Strategic position (Mil.), a position taken up by an army or a large detachment of troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force. Syn. -- Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture; proposition; assertion; thesis.

Position

Po*si"tion (?), v. t. To indicate the position of; to place. [R.] Encyc. Brit.

Positional

Po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to position.
Ascribing unto plants positional operations. Sir T. Browne.

Positive

Pos"i*tive (?), a. [OE. positif, F. positif, L. positivus. See Position.]

1. Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in fact; real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive good." Bacon.

2. Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed to relative; as, the idea of beauty is not positive, but depends on the different tastes individuals.

3. Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; -- opposed to implied; as, a positive declaration or promise.

Positive words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's son. Bacon.

4. Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable; decisive; as, positive instructions; positive truth; positive proof. "'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions." Shak.

5. Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by arbitrary appointment; said of laws.

In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is positive, not so. Hooker.

6. Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident; dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.

Some positive, persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will needs be always. Pope.

7. Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a positive voice in legislation. Swift.

8. (Photog.) Corresponding with the original in respect to the position of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades reversed; as, a positive picture.

9. (Chem.) (a) Electro-positive. (b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid; -- opposed to negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals. Positive crystals (Opt.), a doubly refracting crystal in which the index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, as quartz and ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in which this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline, etc. -- Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or adverb which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as, wise, noble. -- Positive electricity (Elec), the kind of electricity which is developed when glass is rubbed with silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery attached to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative electricity. -- Positive eyepiece. See under Eyepiece. -- Positive law. See Municipal law, under Law. -- Positive motion (Mach.), motion which is derived from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by direct contact, and not through elastic connections, nor by means of friction, gravity, etc.; definite motion. -- Positive philosophy. See Positivism. -- Positive pole. (a) (Elec.) The pole of a battery or pile which yields positive or vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative pole. (b) (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.] -- Positive quantity (Alg.), an affirmative quantity, or one affected by the sign plus [+]. -- Positive rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation. -- Positive sign (Math.), the sign [+] denoting plus, or more, or addition.

Positive

Pos"i*tive, n.

1. That which is capable of being affirmed; reality. South.

2. That which settles by absolute appointment.

3. (Gram.) The positive degree or form.

4. (Photog.) A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in position with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in a negative. R. Hunt.

5. (Elec.) The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.

Positively

Pos"i*tive*ly, adv. In a positive manner; absolutely; really; expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; -- opposed to negatively.
Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil comparatively, and positively simply. Bacon.
Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord, Before I positively speak herein. Shak.
I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not positively require humility and meekness. Sprat.
Positively charged ∨ electrified (Elec.), having a charge of positive electricity; -- opposed to negatively electrified.

Positiveness

Pos"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being positive; reality; actualness; certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See Positive, a.
Positiveness, pedantry, and ill manners. Swift.
The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of the will and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of omission is in the habitude of the will only. Norris.

Positivism

Pos"i*tiv*ism (?), n. A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste Comte, which deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated laws, which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into causes, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.

Positivist

Pos"i*tiv*ist, n. A believer in positivism. -- a. Relating to positivism.

Positivity

Pos`i*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Positiveness. J. Morley.

Positure

Pos"i*ture (?; 135), n. See Posture. [Obs.]

Posnet

Pos"net (?), n. [OF. po\'87onet, dim. of po\'87on a pot, a vessel.] A little basin; a porringer; a skillet.

Posologic, Posological

Pos`o*log"ic (?), Pos`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. posologique.] Pertaining to posology.

Posology

Po*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. posologie.] (Med.) The science or doctrine of doses; dosology.
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Pospolite

Pos"po*lite (?), n. [Pol. pospolite ruszenie a general summons to arms, an arriere-ban; pospolity general + ruszenie a stirring.] A kind of militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which, in case of invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.

Poss

Poss (?), v. t. [See Push.] To push; to dash; to throw. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
A cat . . . possed them [the rats] about. Piers Plowman.

Posse

Pos"se (?), n. See Posse comitatus. In posse. See In posse in the Vocabulary.

Posse comitatus

Pos"se com`i*ta"tus (?). [L. posse to be able, to have power + LL. comitatus a county, from comes, comitis, a count. See County, and Power.]

1. (Law) The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned by the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. Blackstone.

2. A collection of people; a throng; a rabble. [Colloq.] &hand; The word comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone used. "A whole posse of enthusiasts." Carlyle.

As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and came off with all the posse. Locke.

Possess

Pos*sess" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Possessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Possessing.] [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have, possess, from an inseparable prep. (cf. Position) + sedere to sit. See Sit.]

1. To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping; to have and to hold.

Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this land. Jer. xxxii. 15.
Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power, After offense returning, to regain Love once possessed. Milton.

2. To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book.

I am yours, and all that I possess. Shak.

3. To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to seize.

How . . . to possess the purpose they desired. Spenser.

4. To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. "Weakness possesseth me." Shak.

Those which were possessed with devils. Matt. iv. 24.
For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed. Roscommon.

5. To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property, power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.

I have possessed your grace of what I purpose. Shak.
Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son. Shak.
We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples. Addison.
To possess our minds with an habitual good intention. Addison.
Syn. -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own. -- Possess, Have. Have is the more general word. To possess denotes to have as a property. It usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or ownership than is involved in having. A man does not possess his wife and children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same reason, we have the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound judgment, etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not possessions.

Possession

Pos*ses"sion (?), n. [F. possession, L. possessio.]

1. The act or state of possessing, or holding as one's own.

2. (Law) The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or wrongful. &hand; Possession may be either actual or constructive; actual, when a party has the immediate occupancy; constructive, when he has only the right to such occupancy.

3. The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or controls; in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion; as, foreign possessions.

When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions. Matt. xix. 22.
Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession. Acts v. 1.
The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. Ob. 17.

4. The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit, or violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal possession.

How long hath this possession held the man? Shak.
To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy. -- To put in possession. (a) To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide or furnish with; as, to put one in possession of facts or information. (b) (Law) To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry. -- To take possession, to enter upon, or to bring within one's power or occupancy. -- Writ of possession (Law), a precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.

Possession

Pos*ses"sion, v. t. To invest with property. [Obs.]

Possessionary

Pos*ses"sion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to possession; arising from possession.

Possessioner

Pos*ses"sion*er (?), n.

1. A possessor; a property holder. [Obs.] "Possessioners of riches." E. Hall.

Having been of old freemen and possessioners. Sir P. Sidney.

2. An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant friars. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Possessival

Pos`ses*si"val (?), a. Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a possessival termination. Earle.

Possessive

Pos*sess"ive (?), a. [L. possessivus: cf. F. possessif.] Of or pertaining to possession; having or indicating possession. Possessive case (Eng. Gram.), the genitive case; the case of nouns and pronouns which expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation of one thing to another; as, Homer's admirers; the pear's flavor; the dog's faithfulness. -- Possessive pronoun, a pronoun denoting ownership; as, his name; her home; my book.

Possessive

Pos*sess"ive (?), n.

1. (Gram.) The possessive case.

2. (Gram.) A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.

Possessively

Pos*sess"ive*ly, adv. In a possessive manner.

Possessor

Pos*sess"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. possesseur.] One who possesses; one who occupies, holds, owns, or controls; one who has actual participation or enjoyment, generally of that which is desirable; a proprietor. "Possessors of eternal glory." Law.
As if he had been possessor of the whole world. Sharp.
Syn. -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.

Possessory

Pos*sess"o*ry (?), a. [L. possessorius: cf. F. possessoire.] Of or pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature of possession; as, a possessory interest; a possessory lord. Possessory action ∨ suit (Law), an action to regain or obtain possession of something. See under Petitory.

Posset

Pos"set (?), n. [W. posel curdled milk, posset.] A beverage composed of hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much in favor formerly. "I have drugged their posset." Shak.

Posset

Pos"set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posseting.]

1. To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to posset the blood. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To treat with possets; to pamper. [R.] "She was cosseted and posseted." O. W. Holmes.

Possibility

Pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Possibilities (#). [F. possibilit\'82, L. possibilitas.]

1. The quality or state of being possible; the power of happening, being, or existing. "All possibility of error." Hooker. "Latent possibilities of excellence." Johnson.

2. That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may not happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate. South. Burrill.

Possible

Pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. possibilis, fr. posse to be able, to have power; potis able, capable + esse to be. See Potent, Am, and cf. Host a landlord.] Capable of existing or occurring, or of being conceived or thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not contrary to the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he is honest, as it is possible that Judas meant no wrong.
With God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26.
Syn. -- Practicable; likely. See Practicable.

Possibly

Pos"si*bly, adv. In a possible manner; by possible means; especially, by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of power; by a chance; perhaps; as, possibly he may recover.
Can we . . . possibly his love desert? Milton.
When possibly I can, I will return. Shak.

Possum

Pos"sum (?), n. [Shortened from opossum.] (Zo\'94l.) An opossum. [Colloq. U. S.] To play possum, To act possum, to feign ignorance, indifference or inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble; -- in allusion to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when attacked or alarmed.

Post-

Post- (?). [L. post behind, after; cf. Skr. pa\'87c\'bebehind, afterwards.] A prefix signifying behind, back, after; as, postcommissure, postdot, postscript.

Post

Post, a. [F. aposter to place in a post or position, generally for a bad purpose.] Hired to do what is wrong; suborned. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

Post

Post, n. [AS., fr. L. postis, akin to ponere, positum, to place. See Position, and cf. 4th Post.]

1. A piece of timber, metal, or other solid substance, fixed, or to be fixed, firmly in an upright position, especially when intended as a stay or support to something else; a pillar; as, a hitching post; a fence post; the posts of a house.

They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper doorpost of the houses. Ex. xii. 7.
Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore, The gates of Azza, post and massy bar. Milton.
Unto his order he was a noble post. Chaucer.
&hand; Post, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is used in composition, in such words as king-post, queen-post, crown-post, gatepost, etc.

2. The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked the scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt. [Obs.]

When God sends coin I will discharge your post. S. Rowlands.
From pillar to post. See under Pillar. -- Knight of the post. See under Knight. -- Post hanger (Mach.), a bearing for a revolving shaft, adapted to be fastened to a post. -- Post hole, a hole in the ground to set the foot of a post in. -- Post mill, a form of windmill so constructed that the whole fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly fastened to the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction of the wind varies. -- Post and stall (Coal Mining), a mode of working in which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.

Post

Post, n. [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses were kept), properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. positus placed, p. p. of ponere. See Position, and cf. Post a pillar.]

1. The place at which anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a station. Specifically: (a) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some recognized route; as, a stage or railway post. (b) A military station; the place at which a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also, the troops at such a station. (c) The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is limited.

2. A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.

In certain places there be always fresh posts, to carry that further which is brought unto them by the other. Abp. Abbot.
I fear my Julia would not deign my lines, Receiving them from such a worthless post. Shak.

3. An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to another; especially, the governmental system in any country for carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.

I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should not care to hazard by the common post. Pope.

4. Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier. [Obs.] "In post he came." Shak.

5. One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station. [Obs.]

He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, post, for several years. Palfrey.

6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; as, the post of duty; the post of danger.

The post of honor is a private station. Addison.

7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under Paper. Post and pair, an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of three cards. B. Jonson. -- Post bag, a mail bag. -- Post bill, a bill of letters mailed by a postmaster. -- Post chaise, or Post coach, a carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who travel post. Post day, a day on which the mall arrives or departs. -- Post hackney, a hired post horse. Sir H. Wotton. -- Post horn, a horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or by a coachman. -- Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for the post. -- Post hour, hour for posting letters. Dickens. -- Post office. (a) An office under governmental superintendence, where letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are received and distributed; a place appointed for attending to all business connected with the mail. (b) The governmental system for forwarding mail matter. -- Postoffice order. See Money order, under Money. -- Post road, ∨ Post route, a road or way over which the mail is carried. -- Post town. (a) A town in which post horses are kept. (b) A town in which a post office is established by law. -- To ride post, to ride, as a carrier of dispatches, from place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little delay as possible. -- To travel post, to travel, as a post does, by relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses are attached at each stopping place.

Post

Post (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posting.]

1. To attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing public notices; to placard; as, to post a notice; to post playbills. &hand; Formerly, a large post was erected before the sheriff's office, or in some public place, upon which legal notices were displayed. This way of advertisement has not entirely gone of use.

2. To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously; to denounce by public proclamation; as, to post one for cowardice.

On pain of being posted to your sorrow Fail not, at four, to meet me. Granville.

3. To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the like.

4. To assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to post a sentinel. "It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him posted." De Quincey.

5. (Bookkeeping) To carry, as an account, from the journal to the ledger; as, to post an account; to transfer, as accounts, to the ledger.

You have not posted your books these ten years. Arbuthnot.

6. To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to post a letter.

7. To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the details of a subject; -- often with up.

Thoroughly posted up in the politics and literature of the day. Lond. Sat. Rev.
To post off, to put off; to delay. [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously, post off so great a business?" Baxter. -- To post over, to hurry over. [Obs.] Fuller.

Post

Post, v. i. [Cf. OF. poster. See 4th Post.]

1. To travel with post horses; figuratively, to travel in haste. "Post seedily to my lord your husband." Shak.

And post o'er land and ocean without rest. Milton.

2. (Man.) To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the motion of the horse, esp. in trotting. [Eng.]

Post

Post, adv. With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel post.

Post-abdomen

Post`-ab*do"men (?), n. [Pref. post- + abdomen.] (Zo\'94l.) That part of a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more commonly called abdomen.

Postable

Post"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried by, or as by, post. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Postact

Post"act` (?), n. An act done afterward.

Postage

Post"age (?), n. The price established by law to be paid for the conveyance of a letter or other mailable matter by a public post. Postage stamp, a government stamp required to be put upon articles sent by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued and sold for that purpose.

Postal

Post"al (?), a. [Cf. F. postal.] Belonging to the post office or mail service; as, postal arrangements; postal authorities. Postal card, ∨ Post card, a card sold by the government for transmission through the mails, at a lower rate of postage than a sealed letter. The message is written on one side of the card, and the direction on the other. -- Postal money order. See Money order, under Money. -- Postal note, an order payable to bearer, for a sum of money (in the United States less than five dollars under existing law), issued from one post office and payable at another specified office. -- Postal Union, a union for postal purposes entered into by the most important powers, or governments, which have agreed to transport mail matter through their several territories at a stipulated rate.

Postanal

Post*a"nal (?), a. [Pref. post- + anal.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or posterior to, the anus.

Postaxial

Post*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + axial.] (Anat.) Situated behind any transverse axis in the body of an animal; caudal; posterior; especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.
Page 1119

Postboy

Post"boy` (?), n.

1. One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.

2. A boy who carries letters from the post.

Post-captain

Post"-cap`tain (?), n. A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared, or was "posted," in the seniority list of the British navy, as distinguished from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term was also used in the United States navy; but no such commission as post-captain was ever recognized in either service, and the term has fallen into disuse.

Postcava

Post"ca`va (?), n.; pl. Postcav\'91 . [NL. See Post-, and Cave, n.] (Anat.) The inferior vena cava. -- Post"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.

Postclavicle

Post*clav"i*cle (?), n. [Pref. post- + clavicle.] (Anat.) A bone in the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting backward from the clavicle. -- Post`*cla*vic"u*lar (#), a.

Postcommissure

Post*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. post- + commisure.] (Anat.) A transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the third ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure. B. G. Wilder.

Postcomminion

Post`com*min"ion (?), n. [Pref. post- + communion.]

1. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) The concluding portion of the communion service.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass, after the ablutions.

Postcornu

Post*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. Postcornua (#). [NL. See Post-, and Cornu.] (Anat.) The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

Postdate

Post"date` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postdated; p. pr. & vb. n. Postdating.] [Pref. post- + date.]

1. To date after the real time; as, to postdate a contract, that is, to date it later than the time when it was in fact made.

2. To affix a date to after the event.

Postdate

Post"date`, a. Made or done after the date assigned.
Of these [predictions] some were postdate; cunningly made after the thing came to pass. Fuller.

Postdate

Post"date`, n. A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later than that when it was actually made.

Postdiluvial, Postdiluvian

Post`di*lu"vi*al (?), Post`di*lu"vi*an (?), a. [Pref. post- + diluvial, diluvian.] Being or happening after the flood in Noah's days.

Postdiluvian

Post`di*lu"vi*an, n. One who lived after the flood.

Post-disseizin

Post"-dis*sei"zin (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizin.] (O. Eng. Law) A subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded on such subsequent disseizin, now abolished. Burrill. Tomlins.

Post-disseizor

Post`-dis*sei"zor (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizor.] (O. Eng. Law) A person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor. Blackstone.

Postea

Post"e*a (?), n. [L., after these or those (things), afterward.] (Law) The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the nisi prius record. Wharton.

Postel

Pos"tel (?), n. Apostle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Postencephalon

Post`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. (Anat.) The metencephalon.

Postentry

Post"en*try (?), n. [Pref. post- + entry.]

1. A second or subsequent, at the customhouse, of goods which had been omitted by mistake.

2. (Bookkeeping) An additional or subsequent entry.

Poster

Post"er (?), n.

1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places.

2. One who posts bills; a billposter.

Poster

Post"er, n.

1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier. "Posters of the sea and land." Shak.

2. A post horse. "Posters at full gallop." C. Lever.

Postterior

Post*te"ri*or (?), a. [L. posterior, compar. of posterus coming after, from post after. See Post-.]

1. Later in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving; coming after; -- opposed to prior.

Hesiod was posterior to Homer. Broome.

2. Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior.

3. (Anat.) At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human anatomy often used for dorsal.

4. (Bot.) On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an axillary flower. Gray.

Posteriority

Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. post\'82riorit\'82.] The state of being later or subsequent; as, posteriority of time, or of an event; -- opposed to priority.

Posteriorly

Pos*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Subsequently in time; also, behind in position.

Posteriors

Pos*te"ri*ors (?), n. pl. The hinder parts, as of an animal's body. Swift.

Posterity

Pos*ter"i*ty (?), n. [L. posteritas: cf. F. post\'82rit\'82. See Posterior.]

1. The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest generation; the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an ancestor of a generation; descendants; -- contrasted with ancestry; as, the posterity of Abraham.

If [the crown] should not stand in thy posterity. Shak.

2. Succeeding generations; future times. Shak.

Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Shak.
Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Smalridge.

Postern

Pos"tern (?), n. [OF. posterne, posterle, F. poterne, fr. L. posterula, fr. posterus coming after. See Posterior.]

1. Originally, a back door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any small door or gate.

He by a privy postern took his flight. Spenser.
Out at the postern, by the abbey wall. Shak.

2. (Fort.) A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade and the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the outworks. Mahan.

Postern

Pos"tern, a. Back; being behind; private. "The postern door." Dryden.

Postero

Pos"te*ro- (posterior, back; as, postero-inferior, situated back and below; postero-lateral, situated back and at the side.

Postexist

Post`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. post- + exist.] To exist after; to live subsequently. [Obs. or R.]

Postexistence

Post`ex*ist"ence (?), n. Subsequent existence.

Postexistent

Post`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing or living after. [R.] "Postexistent atoms." Cudworth.

Postfact

Post"fact` (?), a. [See Post-, and Fact.] Relating to a fact that occurs after another.

Postfact

Post"fact`, n. A fact that occurs after another. "Confirmed upon the postfact." Fuller.

Postfactum

Post`fac"tum (?), n. [LL.] (Rom. & Eng. Law) Same as Postfact.

Post-fine

Post"-fine` (?), n. [Pref. post- + fine.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty paid to the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully passed; -- called also the king's silver.

Postfix

Post"fix (?), n.; pl. Postfixes (#). [Pref. post- + -fix, as in prefix: cf. F. postfixe.] (Gram.) A letter, syllable, or word, added to the end of another word; a suffix. Parkhurst.

Postfix

Post*fix" (?), v. t. To annex; specifically (Gram.), to add or annex, as a letter, syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal word; to suffix. Parkhurst.

Postfrontal

Post*fron"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + frontal.] (Anat.) Situated behind the frontal bone or the frontal region of the skull; -- applied especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals. -- n. A postfrontal bone.

Postfurca

Post*fur"ca (?), n.; pl. Postfurc\'91 (#). [NL., fr. post behind + furca a fork.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the internal thoracic processes of the sternum of an insect.

Postgeniture

Post*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. post- + L. genitura birth, geniture.] The condition of being born after another in the same family; -- distinguished from primogeniture. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Postglenoid

Post*gle"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + glenoid.] (Anat.) Situated behind the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.

Posthaste

Post`haste" (?), n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier. Shak.

Posthaste

Post`haste, adv. With speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste; to send posthaste. Shak.

Postthetomy

Post*thet"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Circumcision. Dunglison.

Posthouse

Post"house` (?), n.

1. A house established for the convenience of the post, where relays of horses can be obtained.

2. A house for distributing the malls; a post office.

Posthume, Posthumed

Post"hume (?), Post"humed (?), a. Posthumos. [Obs.] I. Watts. Fuller.

Posthumous

Post"hu*mous (?; 277), a. [L. posthumus, postumus, properly, last; hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death, or after he had made his will), superl. of posterus, posterior. See Posterior.]

1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter.

2. Published after the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a posthumous edition.

3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous reputation. Addison. Sir T. Browne.

Posthumously

Post"hu*mous*ly, adv. It a posthumous manner; after one's decease.

Postic

Pos"tic (?), a. [L. posticus, fr. post after, behind.] Backward. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Postticous

Post"ti*cous (?), a. [L. posticus.] (Bot.) (a) Posterior. (b) Situated on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse anther.

Postil

Pos"til (?), n. [F. postille, apostille, LL. postilla, probably from L. post illa (sc. verba) after those (words). Cf. Apostil.]

1. Originally, an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so called because written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a comment.

Langton also made postils upon the whole Bible. Foxe.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.) A short homily or commentary on a passage of Scripture; as, the first postils were composed by order of Charlemagne.

Postil

Pos"til, v. t. [Cf. LL. postillare.] To write marginal or explanatory notes on; to gloss. Bacon.

Postil

Pos"til, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Postiled (Postilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Postiling or Postilling.] To write postils, or marginal notes; to comment; to postillate.
Postiling and allegorizing on Scripture. J. H. Newman.

Postiler

Pos"til*er (?), n. [Written also postiller.] One who writers marginal notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin. Sir T. Browne.

Postilion

Pos*til"ion (?), n. [F. postillon, It. postiglione, fr. posta post. See Post a postman.] One who rides and guides the first pair of horses of a coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when one pair only is used. [Written also postillion.]

Postillate

Pos"til*late (?), v. t. [LL. postillatus, p. p. of postillare.] To explain by marginal notes; to postil.
Tracts . . . postillated by his own hand. C. Knight.

Postillate

Pos"til*late, v. i.

1. To write postils; to comment.

2. To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order.

Postillation

Pos`til*la"tion (?), n. [LL. postillatio.] The act of postillating; exposition of Scripture in preaching.

Postillator

Pos"til*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who postillates; one who expounds the Scriptures verse by verse.

Posttiller

Post"til*ler (?), n. See Postiler.

Posting

Post"ing (?), n.

1. The act of traveling post.

2. (Bookkeeping) The act of transferring an account, as from the journal to the ledger. Posting house, a post house.

Postliminiar

Post`li*min"i*ar (?), a. [See Postliminium.] Contrived, done, or existing subsequently. "Postliminious after applications of them to their purposes." South.

Postliminiary

Post`li*min"i*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, the right of postliminium.

Postliminium, Postliminy

Post`li*min"i*um (?), Post*lim"i*ny (?), n. [L. postliminium, post after + limen, liminis, a threshold.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) The return to his own country, and his former privileges, of a person who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished, or taken by an enemy. Burrill.

2. (Internat. Law) The right by virtue of which persons and things taken by an enemy in war are restored to their former state when coming again under the power of the nation to which they belonged. Kent.

Postlude

Post"lude (?), n. [Pref. post- + -lude, as in prelude.] (Med.) A voluntary at the end of a service.

Postman

Post"man (?), n.; pl. Postmen (.

1. A post or courier; a letter carrier.

2. (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; -- so called from the place where he sits. The other of the two is called the tubman. Whishaw.

Postmark

Post"mark` (?), n. The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter, giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival.

Postmark

Post"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Postmarking.] To mark with a post-office stamp; as, to postmark a letter or parcel.

Postmaster

Post"mas`ter (?), n.

1. One who has charge of a station for the accommodation of travelers; one who supplies post horses.

2. One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and forwarding of mails.

Postmaster-general

Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al (?), n.; pl. Postmasters-general. The chief officer of the post-office department of a government. In the United States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet.

Postmastership

Post"mas`ter*ship, n. The office of postmaster.

Postmeridian

Post`me*rid"i*an (?), a. [L. postmeridianus; post after + meridianus. See Meridian.]

1. Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being in, or belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. P. M.)

2. Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late. [R.]

Post-mortem

Post-mor"tem (?), a. [L., after death.] After death; as, post-mortem rigidity. Post-mortem examination (Med.), an examination of the body made after the death of the patient; an autopsy.<-- also, simply post-mortem.; (Fig.) any inquiry after the failure of an enterprise to determine the casue of failure -->

Postnares

Post*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Post-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The posterior nares. See Nares.

Postnatal

Post*na"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + natal.] After birth; subsequent to birth; as, postnatal infanticide; postnatal diseases.

Postnate

Post"nate (?), a. [LL. postnatus second or subsequently born; L. post after + natus born.] Subsequent. "The graces and gifts of the spirit are postnate." [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.

Post note

Post" note` (?). (Com.) A note issued by a bank, payable at some future specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand. Burrill.

Postnuptial

Post*nup"tial (?), a. [Pref. post- + nuptial.] Being or happening after marriage; as, a postnuptial settlement on a wife. Kent.

Post-obit, n., ∨ Post-obit bond

Post-o"bit (?), n., ∨ Post-o"bit bond`. [Pref. post- + obit.] (Law) A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having received a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual interest, on the death of some specified individual from whom he has expectations. Bouvier.

Postoblongata

Post*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The posterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

Postocular

Post*oc"u*lar (?), a. & n. [Pref. post- + ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Postorbital.

Post office

Post" of`fice (?), n. See under 4th Post.

Postoral

Post*o"ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + oral.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth.

Postorbital

Post*or"bit*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + orbital.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Situated behind the orbit; as, the postorbital scales of some fishes and reptiles. -- n. A postorbital bone or scale.

Postpaid

Post"paid` (?), a. Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.

Postpalatine

Post*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. post- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.

Postpliocene

Post*pli"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) [Pref. post- + pliocene.] Of or pertaining to the period immediately following the Pliocene; Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See Quaternary.

Postpone

Post*pone" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postponed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Postponing.] [L. postponere, postpositum; post after + ponere to place, put. See Post-, and Position.]

1. To defer to a future or later time; to put off; also, to cause to be deferred or put off; to delay; to adjourn; as, to postpone the consideration of a bill to the following day, or indefinitely.

His praise postponed, and never to be paid. Cowper.

2. To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to precedence, preference, value, or importance.

All other considerations should give way and be postponed to this. Locke.
Syn. -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.

Postponement

Post*pone"ment (?), n. The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting off, to a future time; a temporary delay. Macaulay.

Postponence

Post*pon"ence (?), n. [From L. postponens, p. pr.] The act of postponing, in sense 2. [Obs.] Johnson.

Postponer

Post*pon"er (?), n. One who postpones.

Postpose

Post*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Postposing.] [F. postposer. See Post-, and Pose, v. t.] To postpone. [Obs.] Fuller.

Postposit

Post*pos"it (?), v. t. [L. postpositus, p. p. See Postpone.] To postpone. [Obs.] Feltham.

Postposition

Post`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. postposition. See Postpone.]

1. The act of placing after, or the state of being placed after. "The postposition of the nominative case to the verb." Mede.

Page 1120

2. A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; -- distinguished from preposition.

Postpositional

Post`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to postposition.

Postpositive

Post*pos"i*tive (?), a. [See Postpone.] Placed after another word; as, a postpositive conjunction; a postpositive letter. -- Post*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.

Postprandial

Post*pran"di*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + prandial.] Happening, or done, after dinner; after-dinner; as, postprandial speeches.

Postremogeniture

Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [L. postremus last + genitura birth, geniture.] The right of the youngest born. Mozley & W.

Postremote

Post`re*mote" (?), a. [Pref. post- + remote.] More remote in subsequent time or order.

Postrider

Post"rid`er (?), n. One who rides over a post road to carry the mails. Bancroft.

Postscapula

Post*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scapula.] (Anat.) The part of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula.

Postscapular

Post*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the postscapula; infraspinous.

Postscenium

Post*sce"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. post + scena a scene.] The part of a theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater.

Postscribe

Post*scribe" (?), v. t. [L. postscribere. See Postscript.] To make a postscript. [R.] T. Adams.

Postscript

Post"script (?), n. [L. postscriptus, (assumed) p. p. of postscribere to write after; post after + scribere to write: cf. F. postscriptum. See Post-, and Scribe.] A paragraph added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the writer; an addition made to a book or composition after the main body of the work has been finished, containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer. [Abbrev. P. S.]

Postscripted

Post"script*ed, a. Having a postscript; added in a postscript. [R.] J. Q. Adams.

Postscutellum

Post`scu*tel"lum (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scutellum.] (Zo\'94l.) The hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect; the plate behind the scutellum.

Postsphenoid

Post*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.

Post-temporal

Post-tem"po*ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + temporal.] (Anat.) Situated back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; -- applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes. -- n. A post-temporal bone.

Posttertiary

Post*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. post- + tertiary.] (Geol.) Following, or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.

Post-tragus

Post"-tra`gus (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Tragus.] (Anat.) A ridge within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals.

Post-tympanic

Post`-tym*pan"ic (?), a. [Pref. post- + tympanic.] (Anat.) Situated behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus.

Postulant

Pos"tu*lant (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. postulans, p. pr. of postulare. See Postulate.] One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.

Postulate

Pos"tu*late (?), n. [L. postulatum a demand, request, prop. p. p. of postulare to demand, prob. a dim. of poscere to demand, prob. for porcscere; akin to G. forschen to search, investigate, Skr. prach to ask, and L. precari to pray: cf. F. postulat. See Pray.]

1. Something demanded or asserted; especially, a position or supposition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident; a truth to which assent may be demanded or challenged, without argument or evidence.

2. (Geom.) The enunciation of a self-evident problem, in distinction from an axiom, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.

The distinction between a postulate and an axiom lies in this, -- that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny. Eng. Cyc.

Postulate

Pos"tu*late, a. Postulated. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Postulate

Pos"tu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Postulating.]

1. To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate conclusions.

2. To take without express consent; to assume.

The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . postulated a sort of paramount supremacy over this nation. W. Tooke.

3. To invite earnestly; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Postulated

Pos"tu*la`ted (?), a. Assumed without proof; as, a postulated inference. Sir T. Browne.

Postulation

Pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. postulatio: cf. F. postulation.] The act of postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation; suit; cause.

Postulatory

Pos"tu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. postulatorius.] Of the nature of a postulate. Sir T. Browne.

Postulatum

Pos`tu*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Postulata (#). [L. See Postulate, n.] A postulate. Addison.

Postumous

Pos"tu*mous (?), a. See Posthumous. [R.]

Postural

Pos"tur*al (?; 135), a. Of or pertaining to posture.

Posture

Pos"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. positura, fr. ponere, positum, to place. See Position.]

1. The position of the body; the situation or disposition of the several parts of the body with respect to each other, or for a particular purpose; especially (Fine Arts), the position of a figure with regard to the several principal members by which action is expressed; attitude.

Atalanta, the posture of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . . one would have sworn the very picture had run. Sir P. Sidney.
In most strange postures We have seen him set himself. Shak.
The posture of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in the performance of such or such an action. Dryden.

2. Place; position; situation. [Obs.] Milton.

His [man's] noblest posture and station in this world. Sir M. Hale.

3. State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; as, a posture of defense; the posture of affairs.

The several postures of his devout soul. Atterbury.
Syn. -- Attitude; position. See Attitude.

Posture

Pos"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Posturing.] To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose the parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to posture one's self; to posture a model. Howell.

Posture

Pos"ture, v. i.

1. To assume a particular posture or attitude; to contort the body into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or contortionist; also, to pose.

2. Fig.: To assume a character; as, to posture as a saint.

Posturer

Pos`tur*er (?), n. One who postures.

Postzygapophysis

Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Postzygapophyses (#). [NL. See Post-, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) A posterior zygapophysis.

Posy

Po"sy (?), n.; pl. Posies (#). [Contr. fr. poesy.]

1. A brief poetical sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or legend; especially, one inscribed on a ring. "The posy of a ring." Shak.

2. [Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an enigmatical significance. Wedgwood.] A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay. "Bridegroom's posies." Spenser.

We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us, and wearing them for posies. Swift.

Pot

Pot (?), n. [Akin to LG. pott, D. pot, Dan. potte, Sw. potta, Icel. pottr, F. pot; of unknown origin.]

1. A metallic or earthen vessel, appropriated to any of a great variety of uses, as for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a flower pot; a bean pot.

2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.

3. The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. "Give her a pot and a cake." De Foe.

4. A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a chimney; a chimney pot.

5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot.

6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.

7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight.

8. A size of paper. See Pott. Jack pot. See under 2d Jack. -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under Cottage. -- Pot companion, a companion in drinking. -- Pot hanger, a pothook. -- Pot herb, any plant, the leaves or stems of which are boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many others. -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or for the market. -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are made, different from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure. (c) A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with the melted glass in the pot. Knight. -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of the trees which bear the monkey-pot. -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria. -- To go to pot, to go to destruction; to come to an end of usefulness; to become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe.

Pot

Pot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potted; p. pr. & vb. n. Potting.] To place or inclose in pots; as: (a) To preserve seasoned in pots. "Potted fowl and fish." Dryden. (b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants or bulbs. (c) To drain; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler, and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through which the molasses drains off. B. Edwards. (d) (Billiards) To pocket.

Pot

Pot, v. i. To tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
It is less labor to plow than to pot it. Feltham.

Potable

Po"ta*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. potabilis, fr. potare to drink; akin to Gr. po`tos a drinking, po`sis a drink, Skr. p\'be to drink, OIr. ibim I drink. Cf. Poison, Bib, Imbibe.] Fit to be drunk; drinkable. "Water fresh and potable." Bacon. -- n. A potable liquid; a beverage. "Useful in potables." J. Philips.

Potableness

Po"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being drinkable.

Potage

Pot"age (?; 48), n. See Pottage.

Potager

Pot"a*ger (?), n. [F. fr. potage soup, porridge. See Pottage.] A porringer. [Obs.] Grew.

Potagro

Po*tag"ro (?), n. See Potargo.

Potale

Pot"ale` (?), n. The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten swine.

Potamian

Po*ta"mi*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A river tortoise; one of a group of tortoises (Potamites, or Trionychoidea) having a soft shell, webbed feet, and a sharp beak. See Trionyx.

Potamography

Pot`a*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] An account or description of rivers; potamology.

Potamology

Pot`a*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A scientific account or discussion of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography.

Potamospongi\'91

Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The fresh-water sponges. See Spongilla.

Potance

Po"tance (?), n. [F. potence. See Potence, Potency.] (Watch Making) The stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is made.

Potargo

Po*tar"go (?), n. [Cf. Botargo.] A kind of sauce or pickle. King.

Potash

Pot"ash` (?), n. [Pot + ash.] (Chem.) (a) The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash. (b) The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash).

Potashes

Pot"ash`es (?), n. pl. (Chem.) Potash. [Obs.]

Potassa

Po*tas"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. E. potash.] (Chem.) (a) Potassium oxide. [Obs.] (b) Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash.

Potassamide

Pot`ass*am"ide (?), n. [Potassium + amide.] (Chem.) A yellowish brown substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.

Pottassic

Pot*tas"sic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.

Potassium

Po*tas"si*um (?), n. [NL. See Potassa, Potash.] (Chem.) An Alkali element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0. Symbol K (Kalium). &hand; It is reduced from the carbonate as a soft white metal, lighter than water, which oxidizes with the greatest readiness, and, to be preserved, must be kept under liquid hydrocarbons, as naphtha or kerosene. Its compounds are very important, being used in glass making, soap making, in fertilizers, and in many drugs and chemicals. Potassium permanganate, the salt KMnO4, crystallizing in dark red prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a beautiful purple red color; -- used as an oxidizer and disinfectant. The name chameleon mineral is applied to this salt and also to potassium manganate. -- Potassium bitartrate. See Cream of tartar, under Cream.

Potassoxyl

Pot`ass*ox"yl (?), n. [Potassium + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and other compounds.

Potation

Po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. potatio, fr. potare. See Potable.]

1. The act of drinking. Jer. Taylor.

2. A draught. "Potations pottle deep." Shak.

3. Drink; beverage. "Thin potations." Shak.

Potato

Po*ta"to (?), n.; pl. Potatoes (#). [Sp. patata potato, batata sweet potato, from the native American name (probably batata) in Hayti.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the Nightshade family, and its esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the species is found native as far north as New Mexico. (b) The sweet potato (see below). Potato beetle, Potato bug. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beetle (Doryphora decemlineata) which feeds, both in the larval and adult stages, upon the leaves of the potato, often doing great damage. Called also Colorado potato beetle, and Doryphora. See Colorado beetle. (b) The Lema trilineata, a smaller and more slender striped beetle which feeds upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than the preceding species. -- Potato fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of blister beetles infesting the potato vine. The black species (Lytta atrata), the striped (L. vittata), and the gray (L. cinerea, ∨ Fabricii) are the most common. See Blister beetle, under Blister. -- Potato rot, a disease of the tubers of the potato, supposed to be caused by a kind of mold (Peronospora infestans), which is first seen upon the leaves and stems. -- Potato weevil (Zo\'94l.), an American weevil (Baridius trinotatus) whose larva lives in and kills the stalks of potato vines, often causing serious damage to the crop. -- Potato whisky, a strong, fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky taste, and rich in amyl alcohol (fusel oil); it is made from potatoes or potato starch. -- Potato worm (Zo\'94l.), the large green larva of a sphinx, or hawk moth (Macrosila quinquemaculata); -- called also tomato worm. See Illust. under Tomato. -- Seaside potato (Bot.), Ipom\'d2a Pes-Capr\'91, a kind of morning-glory with rounded and emarginate or bilobed leaves. [West Indies] -- Sweet potato (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ipom\'d2a Balatas) allied to the morning-glory. Its farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are used, when cooked, for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but is cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and even as far north as New Jersey. The name potato was applied to this plant before it was to the Solanum tuberosum, and this is the "potato" of the Southern United States. -- Wild potato. (Bot.) (a) A vine (Ipom\'d2a pandurata) having a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is common in sandy places in the United States. (b) A similar tropical American plant (I. fastigiata) which it is thought may have been the original stock of the sweet potato.

Potator

Po*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] A drinker. [R.] Southey.

Potatory

Po"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. potatorius, from potare to drink.] Of or pertaining to drinking. Ld. Lytton.

Pot-bellied

Pot"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a pot.

Pot-belly

Pot"-bel`ly (?), n. A protuberant belly.

Potboiler

Pot"boil`er (?), n. A term applied derisively to any literary or artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means of living. [Cant]

Potboy

Pot"boy` (?), n. A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial in a public house.

Potch

Potch (?), v. i. [Cf. Poach to stab.] To thrust; to push. [Obs.] "I 'll potch at him some way." Shak.

Potch

Potch, v. t. See Poach, to cook. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Potcher

Potch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, potches. Potcher engine (Paper Making), a machine in which washed rags are stirred in a bleaching solution.

Potecary

Pot"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]

Poteen

Po*teen" (?), n. [Cf. Ir. potaim, poitim, I drink, poitin a small pot.] Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish peasantry. [Written also potheen, and potteen.]

Potelot

Po"te*lot (?), n. [F.,; cf. G. pottloth black lead.] (Old Chem. & Min.) Molybdenum sulphide.

Potence

Po"tence (?), n. [F., fr. LL. potentia staff, crutch, L., might, power. See Potency.] Potency; capacity. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.
Page 1121

Potency

Po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. potentia, from potens, -entis, potent. See Potent, and cf. Potance, Potence, Puissance.] The quality or state of being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy; ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence. "Drugs of potency." Hawthorne.
A place of potency and away o' the state. Shak.

Potent

Po"tent (?), a. [L. potens, -entis, p. pr. of posse to be able, to have power, fr. potis able, capable (akin to Skr. pati master, lord) + esse to be. See Host a landlord, Am, and cf. Despot, Podesta, Possible, Power, Puissant.]

1. Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious; as, a potent medicine. "Harsh and potent injuries." Shak.

Moses once more his potent rod extends. Milton.

2. Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty; influential; as, a potent prince. "A potent dukedom." Shak.

Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors. Shak.

3. Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great influence; as, potent interest; a potent argument. Cross potent. (Her.) See Illust. (7) of Cross. Syn. -- Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible; efficacious; cogent; influential.

Potent

Po"tent, n.

1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak.

2. [See Potence.] A staff or crutch. [Obs.]

3. (Her.) One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned. Counter potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement of the patches.

Potentacy

Po"ten*ta*cy (?), n. [See Potentate.] Sovereignty. [Obs.]

Potentate

Po"ten*tate (?), n. [LL. potentatus, fr. potentare to exercise power: cf. F. potentat. See Potent, a.] One who is potent; one who possesses great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch.
The blessed and only potentate. 1 Tim. vi. 15.
Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones. Milton.

Potential

Po*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. potentiel. See Potency.]

1. Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result; efficacious; influential. [Obs.] "And hath in his effect a voice potential." Shak.

2. Existing in possibility, not in actuality. "A potential hero." Carlyle.

Potential existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time; actual existence, that it now is. Sir W. Hamilton.
Potential cautery. See under Cautery. -- Potential energy. (Mech.) See the Note under Energy. -- Potential mood, ∨ mode (Gram.), that form of the verb which is used to express possibility, liberty, power, will, obligation, or necessity, by the use of may, can, must, might, could, would, or should; as, I may go; he can write.

Potential

Po*ten"tial, n.

1. Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially. Bacon.

2. (Math.) In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with respect to the co\'94rdinates are equal to the components of the force at the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.

3. (Elec.) The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.

Potentiality

Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being potential; possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not actually exhibited.

Potentially

Po*ten"tial*ly (?), adv.

1. With power; potently. [Obs.]

2. In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.

The duration of human souls is only potentially infinite. Bentley.

Potentiate

Po*ten"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Potentiating.] To render active or potent. Coleridge.

Potentiometer

Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter (?), n. [Potential + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive forces.

Potentize

Po"ten*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentized; p. pr. & vb. n. Potentizing.] To render the latent power of (anything) available. Dunglison.

Potently

Po"tent*ly (?), adv. With great force or energy; powerfully; efficaciously. "You are potently opposed." Shak.

Potentness

Po"tent*ness, n. The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness; potency; efficacy.

Potestate

Po"tes*tate (?), n. A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif. "An irous potestate." Chaucer.

Potestative

Po*tes"ta*tive (?), a. [L. potestativus, fr. potestas power: cf. F. potestatif. See Potent.] Authoritative. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Potgun

Pot"gun` (?), n.

1. A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar. [Obs.] "Twelve potguns of brass." Hakluyt.

2. A popgun. [Obs.] Swift.

Pothecary

Poth"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]

Potheen

Po*theen" (?), n. See Poteen.

Pother

Poth"er (?), n. [Cf. D. peuteren to rummage, poke. Cf. Potter, Pudder.] Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother. [Written also potter, and pudder.] "What a pother and stir!" Oldham. "Coming on with a terrible pother." Wordsworth.

Pother

Poth"er, v. i. To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.

Pother

Poth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pothering.] To harass and perplex; to worry. "Pothers and wearies himself." Locke.

Pothole

Pot"hole` (?), n. A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers by the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water in what was at first a natural depression of the rock.

Pothook

Pot"hook` (?), n.

1. An

2. A written character curved like a pothook; (pl.) a scrawled writing. "I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and pothooks." Dryden.

Pothouse

Pot"house` (?), n. An alehouse. T. Warton.

Potichomania, Potichomanie

Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a (?), Po`ti*cho*ma"nie (?), n. [F. potichomanie; potiche a porcelain vase + manie mania.] The art or process of coating the inside of glass vessels with engravings or paintings, so as to give them the appearance of painted ware.

Potion

Po"tion (?), n. [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See Poison.] A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid medicine. Shak.

Potion

Po"tion (?), v. t. To drug. [Obs.] Speed.

Potlid

Pot"lid` (?), n. The lid or cover of a pot. Potlid valve, a valve covering a round hole or the end of a pipe or pump barrel, resembling a potlid in form.

Potluck

Pot"luck` (?), n. Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be provided for a meal.
A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. G. Eliot.
To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.

Potman

Pot"man (?), n.; pl. Potmen (.

1. A pot companion. [Obs.] Life of A. Wood (1663).

2. A servant in a public house; a potboy.

Potoo

Po*too" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South American goatsucker (Nyctibius grandis).

Potoroo

Po`to*roo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small kangaroo belonging to Hypsiprymnus, Bettongia, and allied genera, native of Australia and Tasmania. Called also kangaroo rat.

Potpie

Pot"pie` (?), n. A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.

Potpourri

Pot`pour`ri" (?), n. [F., fr. pot pot + pourri, p. p. of pourrir to rot, L. putrere. Cf. Olla-podrida.] A medley or mixture. Specifically: (a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc., cooked together. (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and spices, used to scent a room. (c) A piece of music made up of different airs strung together; a medley. (d) A literary production composed of parts brought together without order or bond of connection.

Potsdam group

Pots"dam group` (. (Geol.) A subdivision of the Primordial or Cambrian period in American geology; -- so named from the sandstone of Potsdam, New York. See Chart of Geology.

Potshard, Potshare

Pot"shard` (?), Pot"share` (?), n. A potsherd. [Obs.] Spenser.

Potsherd

Pot"sherd` (?), n. [Pot + sherd or shard.] A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii. 8.

Potstone

Pot"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured into culinary vessels.

Potsure

Pot"*sure` (?), a. Made confident by drink. [Obs.]

Pott

Pott (?), n. A size of paper. See under Paper.

Pottage

Pot"tage (?; 48), n. [F. potage, fr. pot pot. See Pot, and cf. Porridge, Porringer.] A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge. [Written also potage.] Chaucer.
Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils. Gen. xxv. 34.

Pottain

Pot"tain (?), n. Old pot metal. [Obs.] Holland.

Potteen

Pot*teen" (?), n. See Poteen.

Potter

Pot"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. potier.]

1. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9.

The potter heard, and stopped his wheel. Longfellow.

2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One who pots meats or other eatables.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin. Potter's asthma (Med.), emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because very prevalent among potters. Parkers. -- Potter's clay. See under Clay. -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city, for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the field south of Jerusalem, mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7. -- Potter's ore. See Alquifou. -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on which the clay is molded into form with the hands or tools. "My thoughts are whirled like a potter's wheel." Shak. Potter wasp (Zo\'94l.), a small solitary wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs a globular nest of mud and sand in which it deposits insect larv\'91, such as cankerworms, as food for its young.

Potter

Pot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pottering.] [Cf. W. pwtio to poke, or OD. poteren to search one thoroughly, Sw. p\'86ta, peta, to pick, E. pother, put.]

1. To busy one's self with trifles; to labor with little purpose, energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother.<-- = putter. A reverse ref at putter, but no forward ref here! -->

Pottering about the Mile End cottages. Mrs. Humphry Ward.

2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.

Potter

Pot"ter, v. t. To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to bother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pottern

Pot"tern (?), a. Of or pertaining to potters. Pottern ore, a species of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's wares, the miners call by this name. Boyle.

Pottery

Pot"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Potteries (#). [F. poterie, fr. pot. See Pot.]

1. The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked.

2. The place where earthen vessels are made.

Potting

Pot"ting (?), n.

1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the potting of meats for preservation.

3. The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining. [West Indies] B. Edwards.

Pottle

Pot"tle (?), n. [OE. potel, OF. potel, dim. of pot. See Pot.]

1. A liquid measure of four pints.

2. A pot or tankard. Shak.

A dry pottle of sack before him. Sir W. Scott.

3. A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.

He had a . . . pottle of strawberries in one hand. Dickens.
Pottle draught, taking a pottle of liquor at one draught. [ Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Potto

Pot"to (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A nocturnal mammal (Perodictius potto) of the Lemur family, found in West Africa. It has rudimentary forefingers. Called also aposoro, and bush dog. (b) The kinkajou.

Pott's disease

Pott's" dis*ease" (?). (Med.) Caries of the vertebr\'91, frequently resulting in curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower extremities; -- so named from Percival Pott, an English surgeon. Pott's fracture, a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with displacement of the tibia. Dunglison.

Potulent

Pot"u*lent (?), a. [L. potulentus, fr. potus a drinking, drink, fr. potare to drink.]

1. Fit to drink; potable. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Nearly drunk; tipsy. [Obs.]

Pot-valiant

Pot"-val`iant (?), a. Having the courage given by drink. Smollett.

Pot-walloper

Pot"-wal`lop*er (?), n.

1. A voter in certain boroughs of England, where, before the passage of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification for suffrage was to have boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish for six months.

2. One who cleans pots; a scullion. [Slang, U. S.]

Pouch

Pouch (?), n. [F. poche a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic origin. See Poke a bag, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder.]

1. A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a shot pouch; a mail pouch, etc.

2. That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch; as: (a) A protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek pouches of certain rodents, and the pouch of marsupials. (c) (Med.) A cyst or sac containing fluid. S. Sharp. (d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of the shepherd's purse. (e) A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to prevent grain, etc., from shifting. Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.

Pouch

Pouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouching.]

1. To put or take into a pouch.

2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham.

3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pouched

Pouched (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a marsupial pouch; as, the pouched badger, or the wombat. (b) Having external cheek pouches; as, the pouched gopher. (c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched squirrels. Pouched dog. (Zo\'94l.) See Zebra wolf, under Zebra. -- Pouched frog (Zo\'94l.), the nototrema, the female of which has a dorsal pouch in which the eggs are hatched, and in which the young pass through their brief tadpole stage. -- Pouched gopher, ∨ Pouched rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Pocket gopher, under Pocket. -- Pouched mouse. (Zo\'94l.) See Pocket mouse, under Pocket.

Pouchet box

Pou"chet box` (?). See Pouncet box.

Pouch-mouthed

Pouch"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.

Pouchong

Pou*chong" (?), n. A superior kind of souchong tea. De Colange.

Pouch-shell

Pouch"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British and American pond snail (Bulinus hypnorum).

Poudre

Pou"dre (?), n. [See Powder.] Dust; powder. [Obs.] Chaucer. Poudre marchant [see Merchant], a kind of flavoring powder used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poudrette

Pou*drette" (?), n. [F., dim. of poudre dust, powder. See Powder.] A manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum, etc.

Poulaine

Pou*laine" (?), n. [F. soulier \'85 la poulaine.] A long pointed shoe. See Cracowes.

Pouldavis

Poul"da`vis (?), n. Same as Poledavy. [Obs.]

Poulder

Poul"der (?), n. & v. Powder. [Obs.]

Pouldron

Poul"dron (?), n. See Pauldron.

Poulp, Poulpe

Poulp, Poulpe (?), n. [F. poulpe, fr. L. polypus. See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Octopus. Musk poulp (Zo\'94l.), a Mediterranean octopod (Eledone moschata) which emits a strong odor of musk.

Poult

Poult (?), n. [OF. pulte, F. poulet, dim. of poule fowl. See Pullet.] A young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like. King. Chapman.
Starling the heath poults or black game. R. Jefferise.

Poulter

Poul"ter (?), n. [OE. pulter. See Poult.] A poulterer. [Obs.] Shak.

Poulterer

Poul"ter*er (?), n. One who deals in poultry.

Poultice

Poul"tice (?), n. [L. puls, pl. pultes, a thick pap; akin to Gr. po`ltos. Cf. Pulse seeds.] A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, etc.; a cataplasm. "Poultice relaxeth the pores." Bacon.

Poultice

Poul"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poulticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poulticing (?).] To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.

Poultive

Poul"tive (?), n. A poultice. [Obs.] W. Temple.

Poultry

Poul"try (?), n. [From Poult.] Domestic fowls reared for the table, or for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, and geese.

Pounce

Pounce (?), n. [F. ponce pumice, pounce, fr. L. pumex, -icis, pumice. See Pumice.]

1. A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, -- formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.

Page 1122

2. Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc. Pounce box, a box for sprinkling pounce. -- Pounce paper, a transparent paper for tracing.

Pounce

Pounce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouncing (?).] To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to pounce paper, or a pattern.

Pounce

Pounce, n. [Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. punctiare to prick, L. pungere, punctum. See Puncheon, Punch, v. t.]

1. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. Spenser. Burke.

2. A punch or stamp. [Obs.] "A pounce to print money with." Withals.

3. Cloth worked in eyelet holes. [Obs.] Homilies.

Pounce

Pounce, v. t.

1. To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with the talons. [Archaic]

Stooped from his highest pitch to pounce a wren. Cowper.
Now pounce him lightly, And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper. J. Fletcher.

2. To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of ornament. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Pounce

Pounce, v. i. To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with on or upon; as, a hawk pounces upon a chicken. Also used figuratively.
Derision is never so agonizing as when it pounces on the wanderings of misguided sensibility. Jeffrey.

Pounced

Pounced (?), a.

1. Furnished with claws or talons; as, the pounced young of the eagle. Thomson.

2. Ornamented with perforations or dots. [Obs.] "Gilt bowls pounced and pierced." Holinshed.

Pouncet box

Poun"cet box` (?). [Cf. F. poncette, fr. ponce pounce. See Pounce a powder.] A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for holding perfumes. Shak.

Pouncing

Poun"cing (?), n.

1. The art or practice of transferring a design by means of pounce.

2. Decorative perforation of cloth. [Obs.]

Pound

Pound (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pounding.] [OE. pounen, AS. punian to bruise. Cf. Pun a play on words.]

1. To strike repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.

With cruel blows she pounds her blubbered cheeks. Dryden.

2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to pound spice or salt.

Pound

Pound, v. i.

1. To strike heavy blows; to beat.

2. (Mach.) To make a jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine pounds.

Pound

Pound, n. [AS. pund an inclosure: cf. forpyndan to turn away, or to repress, also Icel. pynda to extort, torment, Ir. pont, pond, pound. Cf. Pinder, Pinfold, Pin to inclose, Pond.]

1. An inclosure, maintained by public authority, in which cattle or other animals are confined when taken in trespassing, or when going at large in violation of law; a pinfold. Shak.

2. A level stretch in a canal between locks.

3. (Fishing) A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward. Pound covert, a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed. -- Pound overt, a pound that is open overhead.

Pound

Pound, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound. Milton.

Pound

Pound, n; pl. Pounds (#), collectively Pound pr Pounds. [AS. pund, fr. L. pondo, akin to pondus a weight, pendere top weigh. See Pendant.]

1. A certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting of an established number of ounces. &hand; The pound in general use in the United States and in England is the pound avoirdupois, which is divided into sixteen ounces, and contains 7,000 grains. The pound troy is divided into twelve ounces, and contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equal to 175 pounds troy weight. See Avoirdupois, and Troy.

2. A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no coin known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value. &hand; The pound sterling was in Saxon times, about A. D. 671, a pound troy of silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part; consequently the latter was three times as large as it is at present. Peacham.

Poundage

Pound"age (?), n.

1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound; a commission.

2. A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more. [Eng.] Blackstone.

3. (Law) The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in the United States, at so much of the pound. Burrill. Bouvier.

Poundage

Pound"age, v. t. To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by poundage. [R.]

Poundage

Pound"age, n. [See 3d Pound.]

1. Confinement of cattle, or other animals, in a public pound.

2. A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.

Poundal

Pound"al (?), n. [From 5th Pound.] (Physics & Mech.) A unit of force based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of that time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes.

Pound-breach

Pound"-breach` (?), n. The breaking of a public pound for releasing impounded animals. Blackstone.

Poundcake

Pound"cake` (?), n. A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.

Pounder

Pound"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an ore mill.

2. An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.

3. A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; as, a cannon carrying a twelve-pound ball is called a twelve pounder. &hand; Before the English reform act of 1867, one who was an elector by virtue of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten pounder.

Pounding

Pound"ing (?), n.

1. The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.

2. A pounded or pulverized substance. [R.] "Covered with the poundings of these rocks." J. S. Blackie.

Pound/keeper

Pound/keep`er (?), n. The keeper of a pound.

Poundrate

Pound"*rate` (?), n. A rate or proportion estimated at a certain amount for each pound; poundage.

Poup

Poup (?), v. i. See Powp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poupart's ligament

Pou*part's" lig"a*ment (?). (Anat.) A ligament, of fascia, extending, in most mammals, from the ventral side of the ilium to near the symphysis of the pubic bones.

Poupeton

Pou"pe*ton (?), n. [See Puppet.] A puppet, or little baby. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

Pour

Pour (?), a. Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pour

Pour (?), v. i. To pore. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pour

Pour (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouring.] [OE. pouren, of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed, bwrw gwlaw to rain.]

1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil upon the waters; to pour out sand or dust.

2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape freely or wholly.

I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. 1 Sam. i. 15.
Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. Ezek. vii. 8.
London doth pour out her citizens ! Shak.
Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and unwithdrawing hand ? Milton.

3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.

Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ? Pope.

Pour

Pour, v. i. To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people poured out of the theater.
In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. Gay.

Pour

Pour, n. A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] "A pour of rain." Miss Ferrier.

Poureliche

Poure"liche` (?), adv. Poorly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pourer

Pour"er (?), n. One who pours.

Pourlieu

Pour"lieu (?), n. See Purlieu.

Pourparler

Pour`par`ler" (?), n. [F.] (Diplomacy) A consultation preliminary to a treaty.

Pourparty

Pour`par"ty (?), n.; pl. Pourparties (#). [See Purparty.] (Law) A division; a divided share. To make pourparty, to divide and apportion lands previously held in common.

Pourpoint

Pour"point (?), n. [F.] A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in the 14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th and 17th centuries worn by civilians.

Pourpresture

Pour*pres"ture (?; 135), n. (Law) See Purpresture.

Poursuivant

Pour"sui*vant (?), n. See Pursuivant.

Pourtray

Pour*tray" (?), v. t. See Portray.

Pourveyance

Pour*vey"ance (?), n. See Purveyance.

Pousse

Pousse (?), n. Pulse; pease. [Obs.] Spenser.

Poussette

Pous*sette" (?), n. [F., pushpin, fr. pousser to push. See Push.] A movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance. Dickens.

Poussette

Pous*sette", v. i. To perform a certain movement in a dance. [R.] Tennyson.
Down the middle, up again, poussette, and cross. J. & H. Smith.

Pout

Pout (?), n. [F. poulet. See Poult.] The young of some birds, as grouse; a young fowl. Carew.

Pout

Pout (?), v. i. To shoot pouts. [Scot.]

Pout

Pout (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouting.] [OE. pouten, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. pot lip, Prov. F. potte, faire la potte to pout, W. pwdu to pout, be sullen, poten, potten, a paunch, belly.]

1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to look sullen.

Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love. Shak.

2

2 To protrude. "Pouting lips." Dryden.

Pout

Pout, n. A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. "Jack's in the pouts." J. & H. Smith.

Pout

Pout, n. [Cf. Eelpout.] (Zo\'94l.) The European whiting pout or bib. Eel pout. (Zo\'94l.) See Eelpout. -- Horn pout, ∨ Horned pout. (Zo\'94l.) See Bullhead (b).

Pouter

Pout"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pouts.

2. [Cf. E. pout, and G. puter turkey.] (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to dilate its throat and breast.

Pouting

Pout"ing, n. Childish sullenness.

Poutingly

Pout"ing*ly, adv. In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.

Povert

Pov"ert (?), n. Poverty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poverty

Pov"er*ty (?), n. [OE. poverte, OF. povert\'82, F. pauvret\'82, fr. L. paupertas, fr. pauper poor. See Poor.]

1. The quality or state of being poor or indigent; want or scarcity of means of subsistence; indigence; need. "Swathed in numblest poverty." Keble.

The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii. 21.

2. Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired, or that constitute richness; as, poverty of soil; poverty of the blood; poverty of ideas. Poverty grass (Bot.), a name given to several slender grasses (as Aristida dichotoma, and Danthonia spicata) which often spring up on old and worn-out fields. Syn. -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need; lack; want; scantiness; sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. Poverty, Indigence, Pauperism. Poverty is a relative term; what is poverty to a monarch, would be competence for a day laborer. Indigence implies extreme distress, and almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes entire dependence upon public charity, and, therefore, often a hopeless and degraded state.

Powan, Powen

Pow"an (?), Pow"en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeoides, or C. ferus); -- called also gwyniad and lake herring.

Powder

Pow"der (?), n. [OE. poudre, pouldre, F. poudre, OF. also poldre, puldre, L. pulvis, pulveris: cf. pollen fine flour, mill dust, E. pollen. Cf. Polverine, Pulverize.]

1. The fine particles to which any dry substance is reduced by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into which it falls by decay; dust.

Grind their bones to powder small. Shak.

2. An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder. See Gunpowder. Atlas powder, Baking powder, etc. See under Atlas, Baking, etc. -- Powder down (Zo\'94l.), the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of powder-down feathers. -- Powder-down feather (Zo\'94l.), one of a peculiar kind of modified feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation. -- Powder-down patch (Zo\'94l.), a tuft or patch of powder-down feathers. -- Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow. -- Powder hoy (Naut.), a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for the supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red flag. -- Powder magazine, ∨ Powder room. See Magazine, 2. -- Powder mine, a mine exploded by gunpowder. See Mine. -- Powder monkey (Naut.), a boy formerly employed on war vessels to carry powder; a powder boy. -- Powder post. See Dry rot, under Dry. -- Powder puff. See Puff, n.

Powder

Pow"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Powdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Powdering.] [F. poudrer.]

1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.

2. To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to powder the hair.

A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars. Milton.

3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.]

Powder

Pow"der, v. i.

1. To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, some salts powder easily.

2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.

Powdered

Pow"dered (?), a.

1. Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, powder.

2. Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned. [Obs.]

Powdered beef, pickled meats. Harvey.

3. (Her.) Same as Sem\'82. Walpole.

Powderflask

Pow"der*flask` (?), n. A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a charging tube at the end.

Powderhorn

Pow"der*horn` (?), n. A horn in which gunpowder is carried.

Powdering

Pow"der*ing, a. & n. from Powder, v. t. Powdering tub. (a) A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted. (b) A heated tub in which an infected lecher was placed for cure. [Obs.] Shak.

Powdermill

Pow"der*mill` (?), n. A mill in which gunpowder is made.

Powder-posted

Pow"der-post`ed (?), a. Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot. See Dry rot, under Dry. [U.S.]

Powdery

Pow"der*y (?), a.

1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a powdery spar.

2. Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on plums.

3. Resembling powder; consisting of powder. "The powdery snow." Wordsworth.

Powdike

Pow"dike (?), n. [Scot. pow, pou, a pool, a watery or marshy place, fr. E. pool.] A dike a marsh or fen. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Powdry

Pow"dry (?), a. See Powdery.

Power

Pow"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Poor, the fish.

Power

Pow"er, n. [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v., fr. LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See Possible, Potent, and cf. Posse comitatus.]

1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. "One next himself in power, and next in crime." Milton.

2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of enthusiasm. "The power of fancy." Shak.

3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of endurance.

Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or capacity; capacity is passive power. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government.

Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent. Swift.

5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity. "The powers of darkness." Milton.

And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. Matt. xxiv. 29.

6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser.

Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. Shak.
Page 1123

7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o. [Colloq.] Richardson.

8. (Mech.) (a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power. &hand; The English unit of power used most commonly is the horse power. See Horse power. (b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power applied at one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end. &hand; This use in mechanics, of power as a synonym for force, is improper and is becoming obsolete. (d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive other machinery; as, a dog power. &hand; Power is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a power lathe; a power loom; a power press.

9. (Math.) The product arising from the multiplication of a number into itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power, of a number.

10. ( (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking, reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts.

The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove the grossness . . . into a received belief. Shak.

11. (Optics) The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it multiplies the apparent surface.

12. (Law) An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by appointment. Wharton.

13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business was referred to a committee with power. &hand; Power may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity. Mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Power loom, ∨ Power press. See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney. -- Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of substituting the co\'94rdinates of any point in that expression which being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 - 100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 - 100 = 0.

Powerable

Pow"er*a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being effected or accomplished by the application of power; possible. [R.] J. Young.

2. Capable of exerting power; powerful. Camden.

Powerful

Pow"er*ful (?), a.

1. Full of power; capable of producing great effects of any kind; potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; as, a powerful man or beast; a powerful engine; a powerful argument; a powerful light; a powerful vessel.

The powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities. Shak.

2. (Mining) Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore. Syn. -- Mighty; strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic; intense. -- Pow"er*ful*ly, adv. -- Pow"er*ful*ness, n.

Powerless

Pow"er*less, a. Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent; not able to produce any effect. -- Pow"er*less*ly, adv. -- Pow"er*less*ness, n.

Powldron

Powl"dron (?), n. [OF. espauleron, from espaule shoulder, F. \'82paule.] Same as Pauldron.

Powp

Powp (?), v. i. See Poop, v. i. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Powter

Pow"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pouter.

Powpow

Pow"pow` (?), n.

1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians.

Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. Longfellow.

2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes.

3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.] <-- 4. Any meeting assembled to discuss an issue; a parley. -->

Powwow

Pow"wow`, v. i.

1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.

2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.] <-- 4. To hold a meeting to discuss an issue. -->

Pox

Pox (?), n. [For pocks, OE. pokkes. See Pock. It is plural in form but is used as a singular.] (Med.) Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases. &hand; Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis.

Pox

Pox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poxing.] To infect with the pox, or syphilis.

Poy

Poy (?), n. [OF. apui, apoi, a support, prop., staff, F. appui, fr. OF. apuier, apoier, to support, F. appuyer, fr. \'85 to (L. ad) + OF. pui, poi, a rising ground, hill, L. podium. See Podium, Pew.]

1. A support; -- used in composition; as, teapoy.

2. A ropedancer's balancing pole. Johnson.

3. A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Poynado

Poy*na"do (?), n. A poniard. [Obs.] Lyly.

Poynd, v., Poynder

Poynd (?), v., Poynd"er (, n. See Poind, Poinder.

Poy nette

Poy nette" (?), n. [Cf. Point.] A bodkin. [Obs.]

Poyntel

Poyn"tel (?), n. [See Pointal.] (Arch.) Paving or flooring made of small squares or lozenges set diagonally. [Formerly written pointal.]

Poyou

Poy"ou (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American armadillo (Dasypus sexcinctus). Called also sixbanded armadillo.

Poze

Poze (?), v. t. See 5th Pose.

Pozzuolana, Pozzolana

Poz`zu*o*la"na (?), Poz`zo*la"*na (?), n. [It.] Volcanic ashes from Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which hardens under water.

Praam

Praam (?), n. [D. praam; cf. G. prahm, F. prame; all of Slavonic origin, from a word akin to E. fare. See Fare.] (Naut.) A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the Baltic, and sometimes armed in case of war. [Written also pram, and prame.]

Practic

Prac"tic (?), a. [See Practical.]

1. Practical.

2. Artful; deceitful; skillful. [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and practick knavery." Spenser.

Practicability

Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practicable; practicableness; feasibility. "The practicability of such a project." Stewart.

Practicable

Prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. [LL. practicare to act, transact, fr. L. practicus active, Gr. practicable, pratiquer to practice. See Practical.]

1. That may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good.

2. Capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a practicable road. Practicable breach (Mil.), a breach which admits of approach and entrance by an assailing party. Syn. -- Possible; feasible. -- Practicable, Possible. A thing may be possible, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not now be practicable for want of the means requisite to its performance. -- Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Prac"ti*ca*bly, adv.

Practical

Prac"ti*cal (?), a. [L. practicus active, Gr. pratique, formerly also practique. Cf. Pragmatic, Practice.]

1. Of or pertaining to practice or action.

2. Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction from ideal or theoretical; as, practical chemistry. "Man's practical understanding." South. "For all practical purposes." Macaulay.

3. Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind.

4. Derived from practice; as, practical skill. Practical joke, a joke put in practice; a joke the fun of which consists in something done, in distinction from something said; esp., a trick played upon a person.

Practicality

Prac`ti*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practical; practicalness.

Practically

Prac"ti*cal*ly (?), adv. 1. In a practical way; not theoretically; really; as, to look at things practically; practically worthless.

2. By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as, practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject.

3. In practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically wrong, but practically right. <--

4. Almost. -->

Practicalness

Prac"ti*cal*ness, n. Same as Practicality.

Practicalize

Prac"ti*cal*ize (?), v. t. To render practical. [R.] "Practicalizing influences." J. S. Mill.

Practice

Prac"tice (?), n. [OE. praktike, practique, F. pratique, formerly also, practique, LL. practica, fr. Gr. Practical, and cf. Pratique, Pretty.]

1. Frequently repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; as, the practice of rising early; the practice of making regular entries of accounts; the practice of daily exercise. <-- also commonly practise -->

A heart . . . exercised with covetous practices. 2 Pet. ii. 14.

2. Customary or constant use; state of being used.

Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more significant than those in practice. Dryden.

3. Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness. [R.] "His nice fence and his active practice." Shak.

4. Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to theory.

There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and practice. South.
There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and practice; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is dependent on practice; practice must have preceded theory. Sir W. Hamilton.

5. Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops are called out for practice; she neglected practice in music. <-- practice makes perfect. MW10 2a. -->

6. Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any profession; professional business; as, the practice of medicine or law; a large or lucrative practice.

Practice is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in life, which application is itself an art. Sir W. Hamilton.

7. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense. [Obs.] Bacon.

He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer. Sir P. Sidney.

8. (Math.) A easy and concise method of applying the rules of arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.

9. (Law) The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts. Bouvier. Syn. -- Custom; usage; habit; manner.

Practice

Prac"tice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Practiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Practicing (?).] [Often written practise, practised, practising.]

1. To do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a practice of; as, to practice gaming. "Incline not my heart . . . practice wicked works." <-- also commonly practise --> Ps. cxli. 4.

2. To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to practice law or medicine.<-- MW10 1c. -->

2. To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice music. <-- MW10 2a -->

4. To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do. "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to practice your severity." Shak.

As this advice ye practice or neglect. Pope.

5. To make use of; to employ. [Obs.]

In malice to this good knight's wife, I practiced Ubaldo and Ricardo to corrupt her. Massinger.

6. To teach or accustom by practice; to train.

In church they are taught to love God; after church they are practiced to love their neighbor. Landor.

Practice

Prac"tice, v. i. [Often written practise.]

1. To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to practice with the broadsword or with the rifle; to practice on the piano. <-- also commonly practise -->

2. To learn by practice; to form a habit.

They shall practice how to live secure. Milton.
Practice first over yourself to reign. Waller.

3. To try artifices or stratagems.

He will practice against thee by poison. Shak.

4. To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp. that of medicine or of law.

[I am] little inclined to practice on others, and as little that others should practice on me. Sir W. Temple.

Practiced

Prac"ticed (?), a. [Often written practised.]

1. Experienced; expert; skilled; as, a practiced marksman. "A practiced picklock." Ld. Lytton.

2. Used habitually; learned by practice.

Practicer

Prac"ti*cer (?), n. [Often written practiser.]

1. One who practices, or puts in practice; one who customarily performs certain acts. South.

2. One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.

3. One who uses art or stratagem. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Practician

Prac*ti"cian (?), n. [F. praticien, OF. also practicien.] One who is acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.

Practick

Prac"tick (?), n. Practice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Practisant

Prac"ti*sant (?), n. An agent or confederate in treachery. [Obs.] Shak.

Practise

Prac"tise (?), v. t. & i. See Practice. &hand; The analogy of the English language requires that the noun and verb which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling. Thus we have notice (n. & v.), noticed, noticing, noticer; poultice (n. & v.); apprentice (n. & v.); office (n. & v.), officer (n.); lattice (n.), latticed (a.); benefice (n.), beneficed (a.), etc. Cf. sacrifice (surmise (promise (compromise (advice (advise (device (devise (

Practisour

Prac"ti*sour (?), n. A practitioner. [Obs.]

Practitioner

Prac*ti"tion*er (?), n. [From Practician.]

1. One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of law or medicine. Crabbe.

2. One who does anything customarily or habitually.

3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift. General practitioner. See under General, 2.

Practive

Prac"tive (?), a. Doing; active. [Obs.] Sylvester. -- Prac"tive*ly, adv. [Obs.]
The preacher and the people both, Then practively did thrive. Warner.

Prad

Prad (?), n. [Cf. D. paard.] A horse. [Colloq. Eng.]

Pr\'91-

Pr\'91- (?). A prefix. See Pre-.

Pr\'91cava

Pr\'91"ca`va (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and 1st Cave.] (Anat.) The superior vena cava. -- Pr\'91"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.

Pr\'91cipe

Pr\'91c"i*pe (?), n. [L., imperative of praecipere to give rules or precepts. See Precept.] (Law) (a) A writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it. (b) A paper containing the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ is to be issued. Wharton.

Pr\'91coces

Pr\'91"co*ces (?), n. pl. [NL. See Precocious.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including those whose young are able to run about when first hatched.

Pr\'91cocial

Pr\'91*co"cial (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pr\'91coces.

Pr\'91cognita

Pr\'91*cog"ni*ta (?), n. pl. [L. praecognitus, p. p. of praecognoscere to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] This previously known, or which should be known in order to understand something else.

Pr\'91commissure

Pr\'91*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. pr\'91 + commissure.] (Anat.) A transverse commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.

Pr\'91coracoid

Pr\'91*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) See Precoracoid.

Pr\'91cordia

Pr\'91*cor"di*a (?), n. [L., fr. prae before + cor, cordis, the heart.] (Anat.) The front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium.

Pr\'91cordial

Pr\'91*cor"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Precordial.

Pr\'91cornu

Pr\'91*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. Pr\'91cornua (#). [NL. See Pre-, and Cornu.] (Anat.) The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

Pr\'91dial

Pr\'91"di*al (?), a. See Predial.

Pr\'91floration

Pr\'91`flo*ra"tion (?), n. Same as Prefloration. Gray.
Page 1124

Pr\'91foliation

Pr\'91*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. Same as Prefoliation. Gray.

Pr\'91maxilla

Pr\'91`max*il"la (?), n. See Premaxilla.

Pr\'91molar

Pr\'91*mo"lar (?), a. See Premolar.

Pr\'91morse

Pr\'91*morse" (?), a. Same as Premorse.

Pr\'91munire

Pr\'91m`u*ni"re (?), n. [Corrupted from L. praemonere to forewarn, cite. See Admonish.] (Eng. Law) (a) The offense of introducing foreign authority into England, the penalties for which were originally intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom. (b) The writ grounded on that offense. Wharton. (c) The penalty ascribed for the offense of pr\'91munire.
Wolsey incurred a pr\'91munire, and forfeited his honor, estate, and life. South.
&hand; The penalties of pr\'91munire were subsequently applied to many other offenses; but prosecutions upon a pr\'91munire are at this day unheard of in the English courts. Blackstone.

Pr\'91mnire

Pr\'91m`*ni"re, v. t.

1. The subject to the penalties of pr\'91munire. [Obs.] T. Ward.

Pr\'91munitory

Pr\'91*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. See Premunitory.

Pr\'91nares

Pr\'91*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pre-, Nares.] (Anat.) The anterior nares. See Nares. B. G. Wilder.

Pr\'91nasal

Pr\'91*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Prenasal.

Pr\'91nomen

Pr\'91*no"men (?), n.; pl. Pr\'91nomina (#). [L., fr. prae before + nomen name.] (Rom. Antiq.) The first name of a person, by which individuals of the same family were distinguished, answering to our Christian name, as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.

Pr\'91nominical

Pr\'91`no*min"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pr\'91nomen. [Obs.] M. A. Lower.

Pr\'91operculum

Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lum, n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Preoperculum. -- Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lar, a.

Pr\'91oral, n., Pr\'91pubis, n., Pr\'91scapula, n., Pr\'91scutum, n., Pr\'91sternum

Pr\'91*o"ral, n., Pr\'91*pu"bis, n., Pr\'91*scap"u*la, n., Pr\'91*scu"tum, n., Pr\'91*ster"num, n. Same as Preoral, Prepubis, Prescapula, etc.

Pr\'91ter-

Pr\'91"ter- (?). A prefix. See Preter-.

Pr\'91terist

Pr\'91t"er*ist (?), n. (Theol.) See Preterist.

Pr\'91termit

Pr\'91`ter*mit" (?), v. t. See Pretermit.

Pr\'91texta

Pr\'91*tex"ta (?), n.; pl. Pr\'91text\'91 (#), E. Pr\'91textas (#). [L. (sc. toga), fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before, to fringe, border; prae before + texere to weave.] (Rom. Antiq.) A white robe with a purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was entitled to wear the toga virilis, or until about the completion of his fourteenth year, and by girls until their marriage. It was also worn by magistrates and priests.

Pr\'91tor

Pr\'91"tor (?), n. See Pretor.

Pr\'91tores

Pr\'91*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pretor.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of butterflies including the satyrs.

Pr\'91torian

Pr\'91*to"ri*an (?), a. See Pretorian.

Pr\'91torium

Pr\'91*to"ri*um (?), n. See Pretorium.

Pr\'91zygapophysis

Pr\'91*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Prezygapophysis.

Pragmatic, Pragmatical

Prag*mat"ic (?), Prag*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. pragmaticus busy, active, skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic, Gr. pragmatique. See Practical.]

1. Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.

The next day . . . I began to be very pragmatical. Evelyn.
We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or pragmatical, abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions. Milton.
Low, pragmatical, earthly views of the gospel. Hare.

2. Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy and positive; meddlesome. "Pragmatical officers of justice." Sir W. Scott.

The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government of my whole family. Arbuthnot.

3. Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature. "Pragmatic history." Sir W. Hamilton. "Pragmatic poetry." M. Arnold. Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from the Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name are particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of France, A. D. 1438, was the foundation of the liberties of the Gallican church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, A. D. 1724, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the Archduchess Maria Theresa.

Pragmatic

Prag*mat"ic, n.

1. One skilled in affairs.

My attorney and solicitor too; a fine pragmatic. B. Jonson.

2. A solemn public ordinance or decree.

A royal pragmatic was accordingly passed. Prescott.

Pragmatically

Prag*mat"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a pragmatical manner.

Pragmaticalness

Prag*mat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being pragmatical.

Pragmatism

Prag"ma*tism (?), n. The quality or state of being pragmatic; in literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.
The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to the pragmatism of the history. A. Murphy.

Pragmatist

Prag"ma*tist (?), n. One who is pragmatic.

Pragmatize

Prag"ma*tize (?), v. t. To consider, represent, or embody (something unreal) as fact; to materialize. [R.] "A pragmatized metaphor." Tylor.

Prairial

Prai`ri`al" (?), n. [F., fr. prairie meadow.] The ninth month of the French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It began May, 20, and ended June 18. See Vendemiaire.

Prairie

Prai"rie (?), n. [F., an extensive meadow, OF. praerie, LL. prataria, fr. L. pratum a meadow.]

1. An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.

From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the northland. Longfellow.

2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow. Prairie chicken (Zo\'94l.), any American grouse of the genus Tympanuchus, especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp-tailed grouse. -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous genus Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in dense terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant (Silphium terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, found in the Western prairies. -- Prairie dog (Zo\'94l.), a small American rodent (Cynomys Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie hare (Zo\'94l.), a large long-eared Western hare (Lepus campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie hawk, Prairie falcon (Zo\'94l.), a falcon of Western North America (Falco Mexicanus). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown. -- Prairie hen. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie itch (Med.), an affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United States; -- also called swamp itch, winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prairie dog, above. -- Prairie mole (Zo\'94l.), a large American mole (Scalops argentatus), native of the Western prairies. -- Prairie pigeon, plover, ∨ snipe (Zo\'94l.), the upland plover. See Plover, n., 2. -- Prairie rattlesnake (Zo\'94l.), the massasauga. -- Prairie snake (Zo\'94l.), a large harmless American snake (Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above. -- Prairie squirrel (Zo\'94l.), any American ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also gopher. -- Prairie turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri region; also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme de prairie. -- Prairie warbler (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored American warbler (Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie wolf. (Zo\'94l.) See Coyote.

Praisable

Prais"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable; commendable. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15).

Praisably

Prais"a*bly, adv. In a praisable manner.

Praise

Praise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Praised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praising.] [OE. preisen, OF. preisier, prisier, F. priser, L. pretiare to prize, fr. pretium price. See Price, n., and cf. Appreciate, Praise, n., Prize, v.]

1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud; -- applied to a person or his acts. "I praise well thy wit." Chaucer.

Let her own works praise her in the gates. Prov. xxxi. 31.
We praise not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms; 't is hard to praise a foe. Dryden.

2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being.

Praise ye him, all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts! Ps. cxlviii. 2.

3. To value; to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Syn. -- To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify. -- To Praise, Applaud, Extol. To praise is to set at high price; to applaud is to greet with clapping; to extol is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may praise in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually applaud from impulse, and on account of some specific act; we extol under the influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not extravagant, language.

Praise

Praise, n. [OE. preis, OF. preis price, worth, value, estimation. See Praise, v., Price.]

1. Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.

There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the practice. Rambler.
&hand; Praise may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from fame, renown, and celebrity, which are always the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation.

2. Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator; worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and other acts of worship; as, a service of praise.

3. The object, ground, or reason of praise.

He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deut. x.
Syn. -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim; eclat; commendation; laudation.

Praiseful

Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

Praiseful

Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

Praiseless

Praise"less, a. Without praise or approbation.

Praise-meeting

Praise"-meet`*ing (?), n. A religious service mainly in song. [Local, U. S.]

Praisement

Praise"ment (?), n. Appraisement. [Obs.]

Praiseer

Praise"er (?), n.

1. One who praises. "Praisers of men." Sir P. Sidney.

2. An appraiser; a valuator. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

Praiseworthily

Praise"wor`thi*ly (?), adv. In a praiseworthy manner. Spenser.

Praiseworthiness

Praise"wor`thi*ness, n. The quality or state of being praiseworthy.

Praiseworthy

Praise"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as, praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot.

Prakrit

Pra"krit (?), n. [Skr. pr\'bek&rsdot;ta original, natural, usual, common, vulgar.] Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, Sanskrit; -- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the people. Pali is one of the Prakrit dialects.

Prakritic

Pra*krit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Prakrit.

Pram, Prame

Pram (?), Prame (?), n. (Naut.) See Praam.

Prance

Prance (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prancing (?).] [OE. prauncen; probably akin to prank, v. t. See Prank.]

1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.

Now rule thy prancing steed. Gay.

2. To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.

The insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field. Addison.

3. To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike parade. Swift.

Prancer

Pran"cer (?), n. A horse which prances.
Then came the captain . . . upon a brave prancer. Evelyn.

Prandial

Pran"di*al (?), a. [L. prandium a repast.] Of or pertaining to a repast, especially to dinner.

Prangos

Pran"gos (?), n. [From the native name in Afghanistan.] (Bot.) A genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (P. pabularia), found in Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder for cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.

Prank

Prank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pranking.] [Cf. E. prink, also G. prangen, prunken, to shine, to make a show, Dan. prange, prunke, Sw. prunka, D. pronken.] To adorn in a showy manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously; -- often followed by up; as, to prank up the body. See Prink.
In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank. Spenser.

Prank

Prank, v. i. To make ostentatious show.
White houses prank where once were huts. M. Arnold.

Prank

Prank, n. A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous trick; a caper; a frolic. Spenser.
The harpies . . . played their accustomed pranks. Sir W. Raleigh.
His pranks have been too broad to bear with. Shak.

Prank

Prank, a. Full of gambols or tricks. [Obs.]

Pranker

Prank"er (?), n. One who dresses showily; a prinker. "A pranker or a dancer." Burton.

Prankish

Prank"ish, a. Full of pranks; frolicsome.

Prase

Prase (?), n. [L. prasius, fr. Gr. prase.] (Min.) A variety of cryptocrystalline of a leek-green color.

Praseo-

Pra"se*o- (?). [Gr. A combining form signifying green; as, praseocobalt, a green variety of cobalt.

Praseodymium

Pra`se*o*dym"i*um (?), n. [Praseo- + didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary substance, one of the constituents of didymium; -- so called from the green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6.

Praseolite

Pra"se*o*lite (?), n. [Praseo- + -lite.] (Min.) A variety of altered iolite of a green color and greasy luster.

Prasinous

Pras"i*nous (?), a. [L. prasinus, Gr. Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture. Lindley.

Prasoid

Pra"soid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Min.) Resembling prase.

Prate

Prate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prating.] [Akin to LG. & D. praten, Dan. prate, Sw. & Icel. prata.] To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.
To prate and talk for life and honor. Shak.
And make a fool presume to prate of love. Dryden.

Prate

Prate, v. t. To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to chatter, or babble.
What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate ! Dryden.

Prate

Prate, n. [Akin to LG. & D. praat, Sw. prat.] Talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.
Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate. Pope.

Prateful

Prate"ful (?), a. Talkative. [R.] W. Taylor.

Prater

Prat"er (?), n. One who prates. Shak.

Pratic

Prat"ic (?), n. See Pratique.

Pratincole

Pra"tin*cole (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the Old World genus Glareola, or family Glareolid\'91, allied to the plovers. They have long, pointed wings and a forked tail.

Pratingly

Prat"ing*ly (?), adv. With idle talk; with loquacity.

Pratique

Prat"ique (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pratica, Sp. practica. See Practice.]

1. (Com.) Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations, permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; -- a term used particularly in the south of Europe.

Page 1125

2. Practice; habits. [Obs.] "One of English education and pratique." R. North.

Prattle

Prat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prattling (?).] [Freq. of prate.] To talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.

Prattle

Prat"tle, v. t. To utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason. Addison.

Prattle

Prat"tle, n. Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial subjects; prate; babble.
Mere prattle, without practice. Shak.

Prattlement

Prat"tle*ment (?), n. Prattle. [R.] Jeffrey.

Prattler

Prat"tler (?), n. One who prattles. Herbert.

Pravity

Prav"i*ty (?), n. [L. pravitas, from pravus crooked, perverse.] Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness; moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the pravity of human nature. "The pravity of the will." South.

Prawn

Prawn (?), n. [OE. prane, of unknown origin; cf. L. perna a sea mussel.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike Crustacea having slender legs and long antenn\'91. They mostly belong to the genera Pandalus, Pal\'91mon, Pal\'91monetes, and Peneus, and are much used as food. The common English prawn in Pal\'91mon serratus. &hand; The name is often applied to any large shrimp.

Praxinoscope

Prax*in"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of real objects.

Praxis

Prax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Practice.]

1. Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific purpose or object. "The praxis and theory of music." Wood.

2. An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples, for practice.

Pray

Pray (?), n. & v. See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pray

Pray (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praying.] [OE. preien, OF. preier, F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a prayer, a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, fr\'c6nan, fricgan, G. fragen, Goth. fra\'a1hnan. Cf. Deprecate, Imprecate, Precarious.] To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving.
And to his goddess pitously he preyde. Chaucer.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Matt. vi. 6.
I pray, ∨ (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go.
I pray, sir. why am I beaten? Shak.
Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition.

Pray

Pray, v. t.

1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech.

And as this earl was preyed, so did he. Chaucer.
We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.

2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.

I know not how to pray your patience. Shak.

3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory. Milman. To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W.

Prayer

Pray"er (?), n. One who prays; a supplicant.

Prayer

Prayer (, n. [OE. preiere, OF. preiere, F. pri\'8are, fr. L. precarius obtained by prayer, fr. precari to pray. See Pray, v. i.]

1. The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative body. "Their meek preyere." Chaucer

2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer.

As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. Shak.

3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers.

He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately after his death. Bp. Fell.
Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting, a meeting or gathering for prayer to God. Syn. -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.

Prayerful

Prayer"ful (?), a. Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional. "The prayerful man." J. S. Blackie. -- Prayer"ful*ly, adv. -- Prayer"ful*ness, n.

Prayerless

Prayer"less (?; 277), a. Not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer to God; without prayer. "The next time you go prayerless to bed." Baxter. -- Prayer"less*ly, adv. -- Prayer"less*ness, n.

Praying

Pray"ing (?), a. & n. from Pray, v. Praying insect, locust, ∨ mantis (Zo\'94l.), a mantis, especially Mantis religiosa. See Mantis. -- Praying machine, ∨ Praying wheel, a wheel on which prayers are pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral repetition of all the prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a stream.

Prayingly

Pray"ing*ly, adv. With supplication to God.

Pre-

Pre- (?). [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for, prep.: cf. F. pr\'82-. See Pro-, and cf. Prior.] A prefix denoting priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before; precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; pre\'89minent eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as in prepotent, very potent. [Written also pr\'91-.]

Preaccusation

Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion (?), n. Previous accusation.

Preace

Preace (?), v. & n. Press. [Obs.] Spenser.

Preach

Preach (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preaching.] [OE. prechen, OF. preechier, F. pr\'88cher, fr. L. praedicare to cry in public, to proclaim; prae before + dicare to make known, dicere to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. praedictare. See Diction, and cf. Predicate, Predict.]

1. To proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.

How shall they preach, except they be sent? Rom. x. 15.
From that time Jesus began to preach. Matt. iv. 17.

2. To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the manner of a preacher.

Preach

Preach, v. t.

1. To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.

That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche. Chaucer.
The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek. Isa. lxi. 1.

2. To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public teaching. "I have preached righteousness in the great congregation." Ps. xl. 9.

3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon.

4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.] "As ye are preached." Southey.

5. To advise or recommend earnestly.

My master preaches patience to him. Shak.
To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson. -- To preach up, to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, to preach up equality.

Preach

Preach, n. [Cf. F. pr\'88che, fr. pr\'88cher. See Preach, v.] A religious discourse. [Obs.] Hooker.

Preacher

Preach"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. preeschierre, prescheur, F. pr\'88cheur, L. praedicator.]

1. One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious subjects.

How shall they hear without a preacher? Rom. x. 14.

2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness.

No preacher is listened to but Time. Swift.
Preacher bird (Zo\'94l.), a toucan.

Preachership

Preach"er*ship, n. The office of a preacher. "The preachership of the Rolls." Macaulay.

Preachify

Preach"i*fy (?), v. i. [Preach + -fy.] To discourse in the manner of a preacher. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Preaching

Preach"ing, n. The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious, earnest advice. Milner. Preaching cross, a cross, sometimes surmounting a pulpit, erected out of doors to designate a preaching place. -- Preaching friars. See Dominican.

Preachman

Preach"man (?), n.; pl. Preachmen (. A preacher; -- so called in contempt. [Obs.] Howell.

Preachment

Preach"ment (?), n. A religious harangue; a sermon; -- used derogatively. Shak.

Preacquaint

Pre`ac*quaint" (?), v. t. To acquaint previously or beforehand. Fielding.

Preacquaintance

Pre`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Previous acquaintance or knowledge. Harris.

Preact

Pre*act" (?), v. t. To act beforehand; to perform previously.

Preaction

Pre*ac"tion (?), n. Previous action.

Preadamic

Pre`a*dam"ic (?), a. Prior to Adam.

Preadamite

Pre*ad"am*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82adamite.]

1. An inhabitant of the earth before Adam.

2. One who holds that men existed before Adam.

Preadamitic

Pre*ad`am*it"ic (?), a. Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic; as, preadamitic periods.

Preadjustment

Pre`ad*just"ment (?), n. Previous adjustment.

Preadministration

Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion (?), n. Previous administration. Bp. Pearson.

Preadmonish

Pre`ad*mon"ish, v. t. To admonish previously.

Preadmonition

Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.

Preadvertise

Pre*ad`ver*tise" (?), v. t. To advertise beforehand; to preannounce publicly.

Preamble

Pre"am`ble (?), n. [LL. praeambulum, from L. praeambulus walking before, fr. praeambulare to walk before; prae before + ambulare to walk: cf. F. pr\'82ambule. See Amble.] A introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.

Preamble

Pre"am`ble, v. t. & i. To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton.

Preambulary

Pre*am"bu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. OF. preambulaire.] Of or pertaining to a preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble. "A preambulary tax." [R.] Burke.

Preambulate

Pre*am"bu*late (?), v. i. [L. praeambulare. See Preamble.] To walk before. [R.] Jordan.

Preambulation

Pre*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.

1. A walking or going before; precedence. [R.]

2. A preamble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Preambulatory

Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry (?), a. Preceding; going before; introductory. [R.]
Simon Magus had preambulatory impieties. Jer. Taylor.

Preambulous

Pre*am"bu*lous (?), a. [See Preamble, n.] See Perambulatory. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Preannounce

Pre`an*nounce" (?), v. t. To announce beforehand. Coleridge.

Preantenultimate

Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Being or indicating the fourth syllable from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.

Preaortic

Pre`a*or"tic (?), a. (Anat.) In front, or on the ventral side, of the aorta.

Preappoint

Pre`ap*point" (?), v. t. To appoint previously, or beforehand. Carlyle.

Preappointment

Pre`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment.

Preapprehension

Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. An apprehension or opinion formed before examination or knowledge. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Prearm

Pre*arm" (?), v. t. To forearm. [R.]

Prearrange

Pre`ar*range" (?), v. t. To arrange beforehand.

Prease

Prease (?), v. t. & i. To press; to crowd. [Obs.] -- n. A press; a crowd. [Obs.] Spenser.

Preassurance

Pre`as*sur"ance (?), n. Previous assurance. Coleridge.

Preataxic

Pre`a*tax"ic (?), a. (Med.) Occurring before the symptom ataxia has developed; -- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.

Preaudience

Pre*au"di*ence (?), n. (Eng. Law) Precedence of rank at the bar among lawyers. Blackstone.

Preaxial

Pre*ax"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of any transverse axis in the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a limb.

Preend

Pre"end (?), n. [F. pr\'82bende (cf. It. & Sp. prebenda), from L. praebenda, from L. praebere to hold forth, afford, contr. fr. praehibere; prae before + habere to have, hold. See Habit, and cf. Provender.]

1. A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate, church with which he is connected. See Note under Benefice.

2. A prebendary. [Obs.] Bacon. Dignitary prebend, one having jurisdiction annexed to it. -- Simple prebend, one without jurisdiction.

Prebendal

Pre*ben"dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend; as, a prebendal priest or stall. Chesterfield.

Prebendary

Preb"en*da*ry (?), n. [LL. praebendarius: cf. F. pr\'82bendaire. See Prebend.]

1. A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at stated times in the church. See Note under Benefice, n., 3. Hook.

2. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Bailey.

Prebendaryship

Preb"en*da*ry*ship, n. The office of a prebendary.

Prebendate

Preb"en*date (?), v. t. [LL. praebendatus, p. p. of praebendari.] To invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend. [Obs.] Grafton.

Prebendship

Preb"end*ship (?), n. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Foxe.

Prebronchial

Pre*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the bronchus; -- applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of birds.

Precalculate

Pre*cal"cu*late (?), v. t. To calculate or determine beforehand; to prearrange. Masson.

Precant

Pre"cant (?), n. [L. precans, -antis, p. pr. of precari to pray.] One who prays. [R.] Coleridge.

Precarious

Pre*ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. precarius obtained by begging or prayer, depending on request or on the will of another, fr. precari to pray, beg. See Pray.]

1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; as, precarious privileges. Addison.

2. Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events; exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or stability; uncertain; as, a precarious state of health; precarious fortunes. "Intervals of partial and precarious liberty." Macaulay. Syn. -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal. -- Precarious, Uncertain. Precarious in stronger than uncertain. Derived originally from the Latin precari, it first signified "granted to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another." Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty, and is applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties. -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness, n.

Precation

Pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. precatio.] The act of praying; supplication; entreaty. Cotton.

Preative, Preatory

Pre"a*tive (?), Pre"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. precativus, precatorius, fr. precari to pray. See Precarious.] Suppliant; beseeching. Bp. Hopkins. Precatory words (Law), words of recommendation, request, entreaty, wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from express directions; -- in some cases creating a trust. Jarman.

Precaution

Pre*cau"tion (?), n. [F. pr\'82cation, L. praecautio, fr. praecavere, praecautum, to guard against beforehand; prae before + cavere be on one's guard. See Pre-, and Caution.]

1. Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good; as, his life was saved by precaution.

They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries with miserable precaution. J. H. Newman.

2. A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or success; a precautionary act; as, to take precautions against accident.

Precaution

Pre*cau"tion, v. t. [Cf. F. pr\'82cautionner.]

1. To warn or caution beforehand. Locke.

Page 1126

2. To take precaution against. [R.] Dryden.

Precautional

Pre*cau"tion*al (?), a. Precautionary.

Precautionary

Pre*cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to precaution, or precautions; as, precautionary signals.

Precautious

Pre*cau"tious (?), a. Taking or using precaution; precautionary. -- Pre*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*cau"*tious*ness, n.

Precedaneous

Pre`ce*da"ne*ous (?), a. Preceding; antecedent; previous. [Obs.] Hammond.

Precede

Pre*cede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Preceding.] [L. praecedere, praecessum; prae before + cedere to go, to be in motion: cf. F. pr\'82ceder. See Pre-, and Cede.]

1. To go before in order of time; to occur first with relation to anything. "Harm precedes not sin." Milton.

2. To go before in place, rank, or importance.

3. To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with by or with before the instrumental object. [R.]

It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration. Kent.

Precedence, Precedency

Pre*ced"ence (?), Pre*ced"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82c\'82dence. See Precede.]

1. The act or state of preceding or going before in order of time; priority; as, one event has precedence of another.

2. The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank; as, barons have precedence of commoners.

Which of them [the different desires] has the precedency in determining the will to the next action? Locke.
Syn. -- Antecedence; priority; pre\'89minence; preference; superiority.

Precedent

Pre*ced"ent (?), a. [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere: cf. F. pr\'82c\'82dent. See Precede.] Going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; as, precedent services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon. Condition precedent (Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an estate, or the accruing of a right.

Precedent

Prec"e*dent (?), n.

1. Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.

Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only. Hooker.

2. A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.]

3. A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy. [Obs.] Shak.

4. (Law) A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in similar cases. Wharton. Syn. -- Example; antecedent. -- Precedent, Example. An example in a similar case which may serve as a rule or guide, but has no authority out of itself. A precedent is something which comes down to us from the past with the sanction of usage and of common consent. We quote examples in literature, and precedents in law.

Precedented

Prec"e*dent*ed, a. Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an example of a like kind. Walpole.

Precedential

Prec`e*den"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a precedent; having force as an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions.
All their actions in that time are not precedential to warrant posterity. Fuller.

Precedently

Pre*ced"ent*ly (?), adv. Beforehand; antecedently.

Preceding

Pre*ced"ing, a.

1. Going before; -- opposed to following.

2. (Astron.) In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See Following, 2.

Precel

Pre*cel" (?), v. t. & i. [See Precellence.] To surpass; to excel; to exceed. [Obs.] Howell.

Precellence, Precellency

Pre*cel"lence (?), Pre*cel"len*cy (?), n. [L. praecellentia, from praecellens, p. pr. of praecellere to excel, surpass: cf. OF. precellence.] Excellence; superiority. [Obs.] Sheldon.

Precellent

Pre*cel"lent (?), a. [L. praecellens, p. pr.] Excellent; surpassing. [Obs.] Holland.

Precentor

Pre*cen"tor (?), n. [L. praecentor, fr. praecinere to sing before; prae before + canere to sing. See Chant.] A leader of a choir; a directing singer. Specifically: (a) The leader of the choir in a cathedral; -- called also the chanter or master of the choir. Hook. (b) The leader of the congregational singing in Scottish and other churches.

Precentorship

Pre*cen"tor*ship, n. The office of a precentor.

Precent

Pre"cent (?), n. [L. praeceptum, from praecipere to take beforehand, to instruct, teach; prae before + capere to take: cf. F. pr\'82cepte. See Pre-, and Capacious.]

1. Any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting moral conduct; an injunction; a rule.

For precept must be upon precept. Isa. xxviii. 10.
No arts are without their precepts. Dryden.

2. (Law) A command in writing; a species of writ or process. Burrill. Syn. -- Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction; principle; maxim. See Doctrine.

Precept

Pre"cept, v. t. To teach by precepts. [Obs.] Bacon.

Preceptial

Pre*cep"tial (?), a. Preceptive. [Obs.]
[Passion] would give preceptial medicine to rage. Shak.

Preception

Pre*cep"tion (?), n. [L. praeceptio.] A precept. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Preceptive

Pre*cep"tive (?), a. [L. praeceptivus.] Containing or giving precepts; of the nature of precepts; didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the Scriptures.
The lesson given us here is preceptive to us. L'Estrange.

Preceptor

Pre*cep"tor (?), n. [L. praeceptor, fr. praecipere to teach: cf. F. pr\'82cepteur. See Precept.]

1. One who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master or principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.

2. The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.

Preceptorial

Pre`cep*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a preceptor.

Preceptory

Pre*cep"to*ry (?; 277), a. Preceptive. "A law preceptory." Anderson (1573).

Preceptory

Pre*cep"to*ry, n.; pl. Preceptories (#). [LL. praeceptoria an estate assigned to a preceptor, from L. praeceptor a commander, ruler, teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars. See Preceptor.] A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate to the temple or principal house of the order in London. See Commandery, n., 2.

Preceptress

Pre*cep"tress (?), n. A woman who is the principal of a school; a female teacher.

Precession

Pre*ces"sion (?), n. [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go before: cf. F. pr\'82cession. See Precede.] The act of going before, or forward. Lunisolar precession. (Astron.) See under Lunisolar. -- Planetary precession, that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends on the action of the planets alone. -- Precession of the equinoxes (Astron.), the slow backward motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2&sec; annually, caused by the action of the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; -- so called because either equinox, owing to its westerly motion, comes to the meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without the motion of precession, and thus precedes that point continually with reference to the time of transit and motion.

Precessional

Pre*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pression; as, the precessional movement of the equinoxes.

Precessor

Pre*ces"sor (?), n. [L. praecessor.] A predecessor. [Obs.] Fuller.

Precinct

Pre"cinct (?; 277), n. [LL. praecinctum, fr. L. praecingere, praecinctum, to gird about, to encompass; prae before + cingere to gird, surround. See Pre-, and Cincture.]

1. The limit or exterior line encompassing a place; a boundary; a confine; limit of jurisdiction or authority; -- often in the plural; as, the precincts of a state. "The precincts of light." Milton.

2. A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct.

3. A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed for its support. [U.S.]

The parish, or precinct, shall proceed to a new choice. Laws of Massachusetts.

Preciosity

Pre`ci*os"i*ty (?), n. Preciousness; something precious. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Precious

Pre"cious (?), a. [OF. precious, precius, precios, F. pr\'82cieux, L. pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value. See Price.]

1. Of great price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The precious bane." Milton.

2. Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear; beloved; as, precious recollections.

She is more precious than rules. Prov. iii. 15.
Many things which are most precious are neglected only because the value of them lieth hid. Hooker.
Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal.

3. Particular; fastidious; overnice. [Obs.]

Lest that precious folk be with me wroth. Chaucer.
Precious metals, the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold and silver. -- Precious stones, gems; jewels.

Preciously

Pre"cious*ly, adv. In a precious manner; expensively; extremely; dearly. Also used ironically.

Preciousness

Pre"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being precious; costliness; dearness.

Precipe

Prec"i*pe (?), n. (Law) See Pr\'91cipe, and Precept.

Precipice

Prec"i*pice (?), n. [F. pr\'82cipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps, -cipitis, headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-, and Chief.]

1. A sudden or headlong fall. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.

Where wealth like fruit on precipices grew. Dryden.

Precipient

Pre*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. praecipiens, p. pr. See Precept.] Commanding; directing.

Precipitability

Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being precipitable.

Precipitable

Pre*cip"i*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. See Precipitate, n. (Chem.)

Precipitance, Precipitancy

Pre*cip"i*tance (?), Pre*cip"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From Precipitant.] The quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or executing a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy of youth. "Precipitance of judgment." I. Watts.

Precipitant

Pre*cip"i*tant (?), a. [L. praecipitans, -antis, p. pr. of praecipitare: cf. F. pr\'82cipitant. See Precipitate.]

1. Falling or rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or recklessly; moving precipitately.

They leave their little lives Above the clouds, precipitant to earth. J. Philips.
Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold, Precipitant in fear would wing their flight. Pope.

2. Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried; hasty; sudden; reckless. Jer. Taylor. "Precipitant rebellion." Eikon Basilike.

Precipitant

Pre*cip"i*tant, n. (Chem.) Any force or reagent which causes the formation of a precipitate.

Precipitantly

Pre*cip"i*tant*ly, adv. With rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner. Milton.

Precipitantness

Pre*cip"i*tant*ness, n. The quality or state of being precipitant; precipitation.

Precipitate

Pre*cip"i*tate (?), a. [L. praecipitatus, p. p. of praecipitare to precipitate, fr. praeceps headlong. See Precipice.]

1. Overhasty; rash; as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war. Clarendon.

2. Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the time; as, a precipitate measure. "The rapidity of our too precipitate course." Landor.

3. Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.

Precipitate the furious torrent flows. Prior.

4. Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case of disease. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Precipitate

Pre*cip"i*tate (?), n. [NL. praecipitatum: cf. F. pr\'82cipit\'82.] (Chem.) An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom (whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float at or near the surface. Red precipitate (Old. Chem), mercuric oxide (HgO) a heavy red crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric nitrate, or by heating mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter manner, it was the precipitate per se of the alchemists. -- White precipitate (Old Chem.) (a) A heavy white amorphous powder (NH2.HgCl) obtained by adding ammonia to a solution of mercuric chloride or corrosive sublimate; -- formerly called also infusible white precipitate, and now amido-mercuric chloride. (b) A white crystalline substance obtained by adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a solution of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); -- formerly called also fusible white precipitate.

Precipitate

Pre*cip"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precipitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Precipitating.]

1. To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.

She and her horse had been precipitated to the pebbled region of the river. W. Irving.

2. To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a journey, or a conflict.

Back to his sight precipitates her steps. Glover.
If they be daring, it may precipitate their designs, and prove dangerous. Bacon.

3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of a precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with alcohol.

The light vapor of the preceding evening had been precipitated by the cold. W. Irving.

Precipitate

Pre*cip"i*tate, v. i.

1. To dash or fall headlong. [R.]

So many fathom down precipitating. Shak.

2. To hasten without preparation. [R.]

3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See Precipitate, n.

Precipitately

Pre*cip"i*tate*ly (?), adv. In a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily; rashly. Swift.

Precipitation

Pre*cip`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. pr\'82cipitation.]

1. The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown headlong.

In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian. Shak.

2. A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.

The hurry, precipitation, and rapid motion of the water, returning . . . towards the sea. Woodward.

3. Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity. "The precipitation of inexperience." Rambler.

4. (Chem.) The act or process from a solution.

Precipitator

Pre*cip"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praecipitator an overthrower.] One who precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness. Hammond.

Precipitious

Prec`i*pi"tious (?), a. Precipitous. [Obs.] -- Prec`i*pi"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Precipitous

Pre*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L. praeceps, -cipitis: cf. OF. precipiteux. See Precipice.]

1. Steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or mountain.

2. Headlong; as, precipitous fall.

3. Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts. Sir T. Browne. "Marian's low, precipitous \'bfHush!'" Mrs. Browning. -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ness, n.

Pr Pr (?), n. [F. See Precise.] A concise or abridged statement or view; an abstract; a summary.

Precise

Pre*cise" (?), a. [L. praecisus cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of praecidere to cut off in front, to cut off; prae before + caedere to cut: cf. F. pr\'82cis. Cf. Concise.]

1. Having determinate limitations; exactly or sharply defined or stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague or equivocal; as, precise rules of morality.

The law in this point is not precise. Bacon.
For the hour precise Exacts our parting hence. Milton.

2. Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact; punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious. Addison.

He was ever precise in promise-keeping. Shak.
Syn. -- Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious; particular; nice; formal. See Accurate. -- Pre*cise"ly, adv. -- Pre*cise"ness, n.

Precisian

Pre*ci"sian (?), n.

1. One who limits, or restrains. [Obs.]

2. An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the observance of rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English Puritans.

The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of the emancipated precisian. Macaulay.

Precisianism

Pre*ci"sian*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being a precisian; the practice of a precisian. Milton.

Precisianist

Pre*ci"sian*ist, n. A precisian.

Precision

Pre*ci"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82cision, L. praecisio a cutting off. See Precise.] The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation; exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard; definiteness.
I have left out the utmost precisions of fractions. Locke.
Syn. -- Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety. -- Precision, Preciseness. Precision is always used in a good sense; as, precision of thought or language; precision in military evolutions. Preciseness is sometimes applied to persons or their conduct in a disparaging sense, and precise is often used in the same way.

Precisive

Pre*ci"sive (?), a. Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive censure; precisive abstraction. I. Watts.
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Preclude

Pre*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Precluding.] [L. praecludere, praeclusum; prae before + claudere to shut. See Close, v.]

1. To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop; to impede.

The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins. E. Darwin.

2. To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to, employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by anticipation.

This much will obviate and preclude the objections. Bentley.

Preclusion

Pre*clu"sion (?), n. [L. praeclusio. See Preclude.] The act of precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.

Preclusive

Pre*clu"sive (?), a. Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude; hindering. -- Pre*clu"sive*ly, adv.

Precoce

Pre*coce" (?), a. [F. pr\'82coce.] Precocious. [Obs.]

Precoces

Pre"co*ces, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pr\'91coces.

Precocious

Pre*co"cious (?), a. [L. praecox, -ocis, and praecoquus, fr. praecoquere to cook or ripen beforehand; prae before + coquere to cook. See 3d Cook, and cf. Apricot.]

1. Ripe or mature before the proper or natural time; early or prematurely ripe or developed; as, precocious trees. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used especially of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious talents.

Precociously

Pre*co"cious*ly, adv. In a precocious manner.

Precociousness, Precocity

Pre*co"cious*ness, Pre*coc"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82cocit\'82.] The quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.
Saucy precociousness in learning. Bp. Mannyngham.
That precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius. Wirt.

Precoetanean

Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. One contemporary with, but older than, another. [Obs.] Fuller.

Precogitate

Pre*cog"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. praecogitatus, p. p. of praecogitare. See Pre-, and Cogitate.] To cogitate beforehand. [R.] Sherwood.

Precogita/tion

Pre*cog`i*ta/tion (?), n. [L. praecogitatio.] Previous cogitation. [R.] Bailey.

Precognition

Pre`cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praecognitio, fr. praecognoscere to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.]

1. Previous cognition. Fotherby.

2. (Scots Law) A preliminary examination of a criminal case with reference to a prosecution. Erskine.

Precognizable

Pre*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Cognizable beforehand.

Precognosce

Pre*cog"nosce (?), v. t. [L. praecognoscere to foreknow.] (Scots Law) To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.
A committee of nine precognoscing the chances. Masson.

Precollection

Pre`col*lec"tion (?), n. A collection previously made. [R.]

Precompose

Pre`com*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precomposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Precomposing.] To compose beforehand. Johnson.

Preconceit

Pre`con*ceit" (?), n. An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a preconception. Hooker.

Preconceive

Pre`con*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preconceiving.] To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to form a previous notion or idea of.
In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath preconceived it shorter than the truth. Bacon.

Preconception

Pre`con*cep"tion (?), n. The act of preconceiving; conception or opinion previously formed.

Preconcert

Pre`con*cert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Preconcerting.] To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous agreement.

Preconcert

Pre*con"cert (?), n. Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a previous agreement.

Preconcerted

Pre`con*cert"ed (?), a. Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand. -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ly, adv. -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ness, n.

Preconcertion

Pre`con*cer"tion (?), n. The act of preconcerting; preconcert. Dr. T. Dwight.

Precondemn

Pre`con*demn` (?), v. t. To condemn beforehand. -- Pre*con`dem*na"tion (#), n.

Precondition

Pre`con*di"tion (?), n. A previous or antecedent condition; a preliminary condition.

Preconform

Pre`con*form" (?), v. t. & i. To conform by way anticipation. De Quincey.

Preconformity

Pre`con*form"i*ty (?), n. Anticipative or antecedent conformity. Coleridge.

Preconizate

Pre*con"i*zate (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pr\'82coniser.] To proclaim; to publish; also, to summon; to call. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Preconization

Pre*con`i*za"tion (?), n. [L. praeconium a crying out in public, fr. praeco, -onis, a crier, a herald: cf. F. pr\'82conisation.]

1. A publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation. Bp. Hall.

2. (Eccl.) A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an ecclesiastical dignity. Addis & Arnold.

Preconize

Pre"con*ize (?), v. t. (Eccl.) To approve by preconization.

Preconquer

Pre*con"quer (?), v. t. To conquer in anticipation. [R.] Fuller.

Preconscious

Pre*con""scious (?), a. Of or pertaining to a state before consciousness.

Preconsent

Pre`con*sent" (?), n. A previous consent.

Preconsign

Pre`con*sign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconsigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preconsigning.] To consign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of.

Preconsolidated

Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted (?), a. Consolidated beforehand.

Preconstitute

Pre*con"sti*tute (?), v. t. To constitute or establish beforehand.

Precontract

Pre`con*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precontracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Precontracting.] To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.

Precontract

Pre`con*tract" (?), v. i. To make a previous contract or agreement. Ayliffe.

Precontract

Pre*con"tract (?), n. A contract preceding another; especially (Law), a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it. Abbott.

Precontrive

Pre`con*trive" (?), v. t. & i. To contrive or plan beforehand.

Precoracoid

Pre*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior part of the coracoid (often closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many reptiles and amphibians.

Precordial

Pre*cor"di*al (?), a. [Pref. pre- + L. cor, cordis, heart: cf. F. pr\'82cordial.] (Anat.) Situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining to the pr\'91cordia.

Precrural

Pre*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as, the precrural glands of the horse.

Precurrer

Pre*cur"rer (?), n. A precursor. [Obs.] Shak.

Precurse

Pre*curse" (?), n. [L. praecursus.] A forerunning. [Obs.] Shak.

Precursive

Pre*cur"sive (?), a. Preceding; introductory; precursory. "A deep precursive sound." Coleridge.

Precursor

Pre*cur"sor (?), n. [L. praecursor, fr. praecurrere to run before; prae before + currere to run. See Course.] One who, or that which, precedes an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a harbinger.
Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms and tempests of the soul. Buckminster.
Syn. -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.

Precursorship

Pre*cur"sor*ship, n. The position or condition of a precursor. Ruskin.

Precursory

Pre*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. praecursorius.] Preceding as a precursor or harbinger; indicating something to follow; as, precursory symptoms of a fever.

Precursory

Pre*cur"so*ry, n. An introduction. [Obs.]

Predacean

Pre*da"cean (?), n. [L. praeda prey.] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal. Kirby.

Predaceous

Pre*da"ceous (?), a. [L. praeda prey. See Prey.] Living by prey; predatory. Derham.

Predal

Pre"dal (?), a. [L. praeda prey.] Of or pertaining to prey; plundering; predatory. [R.] Boyse.

Predate

Pre*date" (?), v. t. To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an earlier than the actual date; to antedate; as, a predated deed or letter.

Predation

Pre*da"tion (?), n. [L. praedatio, fr. praedari to plunder.] The act of pillaging. E. Hall.

Predatorily

Pred"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a predatory manner.

Predatory

Pred"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praedatorius, fr. praedari to plunder, fr. praeda prey. See Prey.]

1. Characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; plundering; pillaging; as, a predatory excursion; a predatory party. "A predatory war." Macaulay.

2. Hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits. [Obs.]

Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and predatory. Bacon.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.

Prede

Prede (?), v. i. [L. praedari. See Prey.] To prey; to plunder. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Prede

Prede, n. Prey; plunder; booty. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Predecay

Pre"de*cay` (?), n. Premature decay.

Predecease

Pre`de*cease (?), v. t. To die sooner than. "If children predecease progenitors." Shak.

Predecease

Pre"de*cease` (?), n. The death of one person or thing before another. [R.] Brougham.

Predecessive

Pred`e*ces"sive (?), a. Going before; preceding. "Our predecessive students." Massinger.

Predecessor

Pred`e*ces"sor (?; 277), n. [L. praedecessor; prae before + decessor one who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring officer (with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr. decedere: cf. F. pr\'82d\'82cesseur. See Decease.] One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.
A prince who was as watchful as his predecessor had been over the interests of the state. Prescott.

Predeclare

Pre`de*clare" (?), v. t. To declare or announce beforehand; to preannounce. Milman.

Prededication

Pre*ded`i*ca"tion (?), n. A dedication made previously or beforehand.

Predefine

Pre`de*fine (?), v. t. To define beforehand.

Predeliberation

Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion, n. Previous deliberation.

Predelineation

Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion, n. Previous delineation.

Predella

Pre*del"la (?), n. [It.] The step, or raised secondary part, of an altar; a superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.

Predesign

Pre`de*sign" (?), v. t. To design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine. Mitford.

Predesignate

Pre*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic) A term used by Sir William Hamilton to define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign; as, all, none, etc.; -- contrasted with preindesignate, defining propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.

Predestinarian

Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to predestination; as, the predestinarian controversy. Waterland.

Predestinarian

Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an, n. One who believes in or supports the doctrine of predestination. Dr. H. More.

Predestinarianism

Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism (?), n. The system or doctrine of the predestinarians.

Predestinary

Pre*des"ti*na*ry (?), a. Predestinarian. [Obs.] Heylin.

Predestinate

Pre*des"ti*nate (?), a. [L. praedestinatus, p. p. of praedestinare to predestine; prae before + destinare to determine. See Destine.] Predestinated; foreordained; fated. "A predestinate scratched face." Shak.

Predestinate

Pre*des"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Predestinating.] [Cf. Predestine.] To predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose or decree; to pre\'89lect.
Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son. Rom. viii. 29.
Syn. -- To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine; foredoom.

Predestination

Pre*des`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. praedestinatio: cf. F. pr\'82destination.]

1. The act of predestinating.

Predestination had overruled their will. Milton.

2. (Theol.) The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events; especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or misery. See Calvinism.

Predestinative

Pre*des"ti*na*tive (?), a. Determining beforehand; predestinating. [R.] Coleridge.

Predestinator

Pre*des"ti*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82destinateur.]

1. One who predestinates, or foreordains.

2. One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian. Cowley.

Predestine

Pre*des"tine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Predestining.] [Cf. F. pr\'82destiner. See Predestinate.] To decree beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate. Young.

Predestiny

Pre*des"ti*ny (?), n. Predestination. [Obs.]

Predeterminable

Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being determined beforehand. Coleridge.

Predeterminate

Pre`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. Determined beforehand; as, the predeterminate counsel of God.

Predetermination

Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82d\'82termination.] The act of previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; as, the predetermination of God's will. Hammond.

Predetermine

Pre`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predetermined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Predermining.] [Pref. pre- + determine: cf. F. pr\'82d\'82terminer.]

1. To determine (something) beforehand. Sir M. Hale.

2. To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.

Predetermine

Pre`de*ter"mine, v. i. To determine beforehand.

Predial

Pre"di*al (?), a. [L. praedium a farm, estate: cf. F. pr\'82dial.]

1. Consisting of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is, real estate. Ayliffe.

2. Attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves.

3. Issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes.

Prediastolic

Pre*di`as*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the diastole of the heart; as, a prediastolic friction sound.

Predicability

Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being predicable, or affirmable of something, or attributed to something. Reid.

Predicable

Pred"i*ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82dicable, L. praedicabilis praiseworthy. See Predicate.] Capable of being predicated or affirmed of something; affirmable; attributable.

Predicable

Pred"i*ca*ble, n.

1. Anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.

2. (Logic) One of the five most general relations of attributes involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference, property, and accident.

Predicament

Pre*dic"a*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82dicament, L. praedicamentum. See Predicate.]

1. A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition; particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or trying position or condition. "O woeful sympathy; piteous predicament!" Shak.

2. (Logic) See Category. Syn. -- Category; condition; state; plight.

Predicamental

Pre*dic`a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a predicament. John Hall (1646).

Predicant

Pred"i*cant (?), a. [L. praedicans, -antis, p. pr. of praedicare. See Predicate.] Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence; preaching. "The Roman predicant orders." N. Brit. Rev.

Predicant

Pred"i*cant, n. One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims; specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican.

Predicate

Pred"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Predicating.] [L. praedicatus, p. p. of praedicare to cry in public, to proclaim. See Preach.]

1. To assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of another); as, to predicate whiteness of snow.

2. To found; to base. [U.S.] &hand; Predicate is sometimes used in the United States for found or base; as, to predicate an argument on certain principles; to predicate a statement on information received. Predicate is a term in logic, and used only in a single case, namely, when we affirm one thing of another. "Similitude is not predicated of essences or substances, but of figures and qualities only." Cudworth.

Predicate

Pred"i*cate, v. i. To affirm something of another thing; to make an affirmation. Sir M. Hale.

Predicate

Pred"i*cate (?), n. [L. praedicatum, neut. of praedicatus, p. p. praedicare: cf. F. pr\'82dicat. See Predicate, v. t.]

1. (Logic) That which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these propositions, "Paper is white," "Ink is not white," whiteness is the predicate affirmed of paper and denied of ink.

2. (Gram.) The word or words in a proposition which express what is affirmed of the subject. Syn. -- Affirmation; declaration.

Predicate

Pred"i*cate, a. [L. praedicatus, p. p.] Predicated.

Predication

Pred`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praedicatio: cf. F. pr\'82dication.]

1. The act of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another; affirmation; assertion. Locke.

2. Preaching. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Predicative

Pred"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. praedicativus.] Expressing affirmation or predication; affirming; predicating, as, a predicative term. -- Pred"i*ca*tive*ly, adv.

Predicatory

Pred"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. praedicatorius praising.] Affirmative; positive. Bp. Hall.
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Predicrotic

Pre`di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to the pulse wave sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the curve and the dicrotic wave.
The predicrotic or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, i. e., where the blood pressure is high. Landois & Stirling.

Predict

Pre*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Predicting.] [L. praedictus, p. p. of praedicere to predict; prae before + dicere to say, tell. See Diction, and cf. Preach.] To tell or declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; as, to predict misfortune; to predict the return of a comet. Syn. -- To foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode; foreshow; bode.

Predict

Pre*dict", n. A prediction. [Obs.] Shak.

Predictable

Pre*dict"a*ble (?), a. That may be predicted.

Prediction

Pre*dic"tion (?), n. [L. praedictio: cf. F. pr\'82diction.] The act of foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.
The predictions of cold and long winters. Bacon.
Syn. -- Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination; soothsaying; vaticination.

Predictional

Pre*dic"tion*al (?), a. Prophetic; prognostic. [R.]

Predictive

Pre*dict"ive (?), a. [L. praedictivus.] Foretelling; prophetic; foreboding. -- Pre*dict"ive*ly, adv.

Predictor

Pre*dict"or (?), n. One who predicts; a foreteller.

Predictory

Pre*dict"o*ry (?), a. Predictive. [R.] Fuller.

Predigest

Pre`di*gest" (?), v. t. (Med.) To subject (food) to predigestion or artificial digestion.

Predigestion

Pre`di*ges"tion (?), n.

1. Digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Med.) Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired digestion.

Predilect

Pre`di*lect" (?), v. t. To elect or choose beforehand. [R.] Walter Harte.

Predilection

Pre`di*lec"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. dilectus, p. p. diligere to prefer: cf. F. pr\'82dilection. See Diligent.] A previous liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose or like; partiality. Burke.

Prediscover

Pre`dis*cov"er (?), v. t. To discover beforehand.

Prediscovery

Pre`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. A previous discovery.

Predisponency

Pre`dis*po"nen*cy (?), n. The state of being predisposed; predisposition. [R.]

Predisponent

Pre`dis*po"nent (?), a. Disposing beforehand; predisposing. -- n. That which predisposes. Predisponent causes. (Med.) See Predisposing causes, under Predispose. Dunglison.

Predispose

Pre`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Predisposing.] [Pref. pre- + dispose: cf. F. pr\'82disposer.]

1. To dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias to; as, to predispose the mind to friendship.

2. To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as, debility predisposes the body to disease. Predisposing causes (Med.), causes which render the body liable to disease; predisponent causes.

Predisposition

Pre*dis`po*si"tion (?), n.[Pref. pre- + disposition: cf. F. pr\'82disposition.]

1. The act of predisposing, or the state of being predisposed; previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; predilection; -- applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger.

2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or purpose; susceptibility; -- applied to material things; as, the predisposition of the body to disease.

Predominance

Pre*dom"i*nance (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82dominance.]

1. The quality or state of being predominant; superiority; ascendency; prevalence; predomination.

The predominance of conscience over interest. South.

2. (Astrol.) The superior influence of a planet. Shak.

Predominancy

Pre*dom"i*nan*cy (?), n. Predominance. Bacon.

Predominant

Pre*dom"i*nant (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82dominant. See Predominante.] Having the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or authority; prevailing; as, a predominant color; predominant excellence.
Those help . . . were predominant in the king's mind. Bacon.
Foul subordination is predominant. Shak.
Syn. -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning; controlling; overruling.

Predominantly

Pre*dom"i*nant*ly, adv. In a predominant manner.

Predominate

Pre*dom"i*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Predominated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Predominating.] [Pref. pre- + dominate: cf. F. pr\'82dominer.] To be superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the mastery; as, love predominated in her heart.
[Certain] rays may predominate over the rest. Sir. I. Newton.

Predominate

Pre*dom"i*nate, v. t. To rule over; to overpower. [R.]

Predomination

Pre*dom`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82domination.] The act or state of predominating; ascendency; predominance. W. Browne.

Predoom

Pre*doom" (?), v. t. To foredoom.

Predorsal

Pre*dor"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.

Predy

Pre"dy (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'88t ready.] Cleared and ready for engagement, as a ship. Smart.

Preedy

Preed"y (?), adv. With ease. [Prov. Eng.]

Preef

Preef (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pre\'89lect

Pre`\'89*lect" (?), v. t. To elect beforehand.

Pre\'89lection

Pre`\'89*lec"tion (?), n. Election beforehand.

Pre\'89minence

Pre*\'89m"i*nence (?), n. [F. pr\'82\'82minence, L. praeeminentia. See Pre\'89minent.] The quality or state of being pre\'89minent; superiority in prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality, rank, etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil; as, pre\'89minence in honor.
The pre\'89minence of Christianity to any other religious scheme. Addison.
Painful pre\'89minence! yourself to view Above life's weakness, and its comforts too. Pope.
Beneath the forehead's walled pre\'89minence. Lowell.

Pre\'89minent

Pre*\'89m"i*nent (?), a. [L. praeminens, -entis, p. pr. praeminere to be prominent, to surpass: cf. F. pr\'82\'82minent. See Pre-, and Eminent.] Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent; superior in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others; rarely, surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as, pre\'89minent in guilt.
In goodness and in power pre\'89minent. Milton.

Pre\'89minently

Pre*\'89m"i*nent*ly, adv. In a pre\'89minent degree.

Pre\'89mploy

Pre`\'89m*ploy (?), v. t. To employ beforehand. "Pre\'89mployed by him." Shak.

Pre\'89mpt

Pre*\'89mpt" (?; 215), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89mpted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pre\'89mpting.] [See Pre\'89mption.] To settle upon (public land) with a right of preemption, as under the laws of the United States; to take by pre\'89mption.

Pre\'89mption

Pre*\'89mp"tion (?; 215), n. [Pref. pre- + emption: cf. F. pr\'82emption. See Redeem.] The act or right of purchasing before others. Specifically: (a) The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in preference to others. [Eng.] (b) The right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all other applicants. Abbott.

Pre\'89mptioner

Pre*\'89mp"tion*er (?), n. One who holds a prior to purchase certain public land. Abbott.

Pre\'89mptive

Pre*\'89mp"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to pre\'89mption; having power to pre\'89mpt; pre\'89mpting.

Pre\'89mtor

Pre*\'89mt"or (?; 215), n. [Cf. L. praeemptor.] One who pre\'89mpts; esp., one who pre\'89mpts public land.

Pre\'89mptory

Pre*\'89mpt"o*ry (?), a. Pertaining to pre\'89mption.

Preen

Preen (?), n. [AS. pre\'a2n a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. priem punch, bodkin, awl, G. pfriem, Icel. prj&omac;nn a knitting needle, pin, Dan. preen a bodkin, punch.] A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth.

Preen

Preen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preening.] [See Preen, n.; or cf. Prune.]

1. To dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the beak, as the feathers; -- said of birds. Derham.

2. To trim up, as trees. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pre\'89ngage

Pre`\'89n*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89ngaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pre\'89ngaging (?).] To engage by previous contract; to bind or attach previously; to preoccupy.
But he was pre\'89ngaged by former ties. Dryden.

Pre\'89ngagement

Pre`\'89n*gage"ment (?), n. Prior engagement, obligation, or attachment, as by contract, promise, or affection.
My pre\'89ngagements to other themes were not unknown to those for whom I was to write. Boyle.

Pre\'89rect

Pre`\'89*rect" (?), v. t. To erect beforehand.

Prees

Prees (?), n. Press; throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pre\'89stablish

Pre`\'89s*tab"lish, v. t. To establish beforehand.

Pre\'89stablishment

Pre`\'89s*tab"lish*ment, n. Settlement beforehand.

Pre\'89ternity

Pre`\'89*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Infinite previous duration. [R.] "The world's pre\'89ternity." Cudworth.

Pre\'89xamination

Pre`\'89x*am`i*na"tion (?), n. Previous examination.

Pre\'89xamine

Pre`\'89x*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89xamined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pre\'89xamining.] To examine beforehand. <-- in orig, "perexamined" had no dieresis over the second "e" because it was broken by a hyphen at the end of a line. Thus this transcription is in such cases style of the original rather than typographically identical. Similarly, above at "preengaged" and below, at "preexist" -->

Pre\'89xist

Pre`\'89x*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89xisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pre\'89xisting.] To exist previously; to exist before something else.

Pre\'89xistence

Pre`\'89x*ist"ence (?), n.

1. Existence in a former state, or previous to something else.

Wisdom declares her antiquity and pre\'89xistence to all the works of this earth. T. Burnet.

2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a doctrine held by certain philosophers. Addison.

Pre\'89xistency

Pre`\'89x*ist"en*cy (?), n. Pre\'89xistence. [Obs.]

Pre\'89xistent

Pre`\'89x*ist"ent (?), a. Existing previously; preceding existence; as, a pre\'89xistent state. Pope.

Pre\'89xistentism

Pre`\'89x*ist"ent*ism (?), n. (Philos.) The theory of a pre\'89xistence of souls before their association with human bodies. Emerson.

Pre\'89xistimation

Pre`\'89x*is`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Previous esteem or estimation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Pre\'89xpectation

Pre*\'89x`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Previous expectation.

Preface

Pref"ace (?; 48), n. [F. pr\'82face; cf. Sp. prefacio, prefacion, It. prefazio, prefazione; all fr. L. praefatio, fr. praefari to speak or say beforehand; prae before + fari, fatus, to speak. See Fate.]

1. Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of preliminary remarks.

This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.
Heaven's high behest no preface needs. Milton.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass. Addis & Arnold. Proper preface (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.), a portion of the communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for certain seasons. Syn. -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem; prelude; prologue.

Preface

Pref"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prefacing.] To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to preface a book discourse.

Preface

Pref"ace, v. i. To make a preface. Jer. Taylor.

Prefacer

Pref"a*cer (?), n. The writer of a preface.

Prefatorial

Pref`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Prefatory.

Prefatorily

Pref"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.

Prefatory

Pref"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks.
That prefatory addition to the Creed. Dryden.

Prefect

Pre"fect (?), n. [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of praeficere to set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. pr\'82fet.]

1. A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person.

2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its police establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation. [France] Brande & C.

3. In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain dignitaries below the rank of bishop. Apostolic prefect (R. C. Ch.), the head of a mission, not of episcopal rank. Shipley.

Prefectorial

Pre`fec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prefect.

Prefectship

Pre"fect*ship (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.

Prefecture

Pre"fec*ture (?; 277), n. [L. praefectura: cf. F. pr\'82fecture.] The office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official residence.

Prefecundation

Pre*fec`un*da"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A term collectively applied to the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.

Prefecundatory

Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to prefecundation.

Prefer

Pre*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preferring.] [F. pr\'82f\'82rer, L. praeferre; prae before + ferre to bear or carry. See 1st Bear.]

1. To carry or bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, etc.; to offer; to present; to proffer; to address; -- said especially of a request, prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.

He spake, and to her hand preferred the bowl. Pope.
Presently prefer his suit to C\'91sar. Shak.
Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high. Byron.

2. To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass. [Obs.] "Though maidenhood prefer bigamy." Chaucer.

3. To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an officer to the rank of general.

I would prefer him to a better place. Shak.

4. To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor; to choose rather; -- often followed by to, before, or above.

If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Ps. cxxxvii. 6.
Preferred an infamous peace before a most just war. Knolles.
Preferred stock, stock which takes a dividend before other capital stock; -- called also preference stock and preferential stock. Syn. -- To choose; elect. See Choose.

Preferability

Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preferable; preferableness. J. S. Mill.

Preferable

Pref"er*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82f\'82rable.] Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more desirable; as, a preferable scheme. Addison.

Preferableness

Pref"er*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being preferable.

Preferably

Pref"er*a*bly, adv. In preference; by choice.
To choose Plautus preferably to Terence. Dennis.

Preference

Pref"er*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82f\'82rence.]

1. The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.

Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference due to this or that sort of poetry. Dryden.
Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and preference of one man's knowledge over another's. Locke.

2. That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?

Preferential

Pref`er*en"tial (?), a. Giving, indicating, or having a preference or precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares.

Preferment

Pre*fer"ment (?), n.

1. The act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference. [R.]

Natural preferment of the one . . . before the other. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state of being advanced; promotion.

Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable preferment had been spared. Macaulay.

3. A position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of the church.

Preferrer

Pre*fer"rer (?), n. One who prefers.

Prefidence

Pref"i*dence (?), n. The quality or state of being prefident. [Obs.] Baxter.

Prefident

Pref"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. L. praefidens overconfident. See Pre-, and Confident.] Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident. [Obs.] Baxter.

Prefigurate

Pre*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. [L. praefiguratus, p. p. See Prefigure.] To prefigure. [R.] Grafton.

Prefiguration

Pre*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. praefiguratio.] The act of prefiguring, or the state of being prefigured.
A variety of prophecies and prefigurations. Norris.

Prefigurative

Pre*fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. Showing by prefiguration. "The prefigurative atonement." Bp. Horne.

Prefigure

Pre*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefigured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prefiguring.] [F. pr\'82figurer, or L. praefigurare, praefiguratum; prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf. Prefigurate.] To show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to foreshadow. "Whom all the various types prefigured." South.

Prefigurement

Pre*fig"ure*ment (?), n. The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also, that which is prefigured. Carlyle.

Prefine

Pre*fine" (?), v. t. [L. praefinire; prae before + finire to limit, determine: cf. F. pr\'82finer.] To limit beforehand. [Obs.] Knolles.
Page 1129

Prefinite

Pre*fi"nite (?), a. [L. praefinitus, p. p.] Prearranged. [Obs.] " Set and prefinite time." Holland.

Prefinition

Pref`i*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praefinitio.] Previous limitation. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Prefix

Pre*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prefixing.] [L. praefixus, p. p. of praefigere to fix or fasten before; prae before + figere to fix: cf. F. pr\'82fix fixed beforehand, determined, pr\'82fixer to prefix. See Fix.]

1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.

2. To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently. [Obs.] " Prefixed bounds. " Locke.

And now he hath to her prefixt a day. Spenser.

Prefix

Pre"fix (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82fixe.] That which is prefixed; esp., one or more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a word to modify its signification; as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure.

Prefixion

Pre*fix"ion (?), n. [Cf. OF. prefixion.] The act of prefixing. [R.] Bailey.

Prefloration

Pre`flo*ra"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) \'92stivation.

Prefoliation

Pre*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Vernation.

Preform

Pre*form" (, v. t. [L. praeformare. See Pre-, and Form.] To form beforehand, or for special ends. "Their natures and preformed faculties. " Shak.

Preformation

Pre`for*ma"tion (?), n. (Biol.) An old theory of the pre\'89xistence of germs. Cf. Embo&icir;tement.

Preformative

Pre*form"a*tive (?), n. A formative letter at the beginning of a word. M. Stuart.

Prefrontal

Pre*fron"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Situated in front of the frontal bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles and fishes. -- n. A prefrontal bone or scale.

Prefulgency

Pre*ful"gen*cy (?), n. [L. praefulgens, p. pr. of praefulgere to shine forth. See Pre-, and Fulgent.] Superior brightness or effulgency. [R.] Barrow.

Pregage

Pre*gage" (, v. t. To pre\'89ngage. [Obs.] Fuller.

Preglacial

Pre*gla"cial (?), a. (Geol.) Prior to the glacial or drift period.

Pregnable

Preg"na*ble (?), a, [F. prenable. See Impregnable.] Capable of being entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a pregnable fort. [R.] Cotgrave.

Pregnance

Preg"nance (?), n. Pregnancy. [Obs.] Milton.

Pregnancy

Preg"nan*cy (?), n.

1. The condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.

2. Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents, issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility. Fuller.

Pregnant

Preg"nant (?), a. [L. praegnans, -antis; prae before + genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. pr\'82gnant. See Gender, 2d Kin.]

1. Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young; breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.

2. Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies. " A pregnant argument." Prynne. " A pregnant brevity."<-- pregnant silence --> E. Everett.

3. Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a pregnant youth. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. Shak.
Pregnant construction (Rhet.), one in which more is implied than is said; as, the beasts trembled forth from their dens, that is, came forth trembling with fright.

Pregnant

Preg"nant, n. A pregnant woman. [R.] Dunglison.

Pregnant

Preg"nant, a. [F. prenant taking. Cf. Pregnable.] Affording entrance; receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt. [Obs.] " Pregnant to good pity." Shak.

Pregnantly

Preg"nant*ly, adv. In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.

Pregnantly

Preg"nant*ly, adv. Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently. [Obs.] Shak.

Pregravate

Pre"gra*vate (?), v. t. [L. praegravatus, p. p. of praegravare to be heavy upon, fr. praegravis very heavy.] To bear down; to depress. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Pregravitate

Pre*grav"i*tate (?), v. i. To descend by gravity; to sink. [R.] Boyle.

Pregustant

Pre*gus"tant (?), a. [L. praegustans, p. pr. of praegustare to taste beforehand; prae before + gustare to taste.] Tasting beforehand; having a foretaste. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Pregustation

Pre`gus*ta"tion (?), n. The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste. [R.] Dr. Walker (1678).

Prehallux

Pre*hal"lux (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Hallux.] (Anat.) An extra first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.

Prehend

Pre*hend" (, v. t. [L. prehendere. See Prehensile.] To lay hold of; to seize. [Obs.] Middleton.

Prehensi-ble

Pre*hen"si-ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82hensible.] Capable of being seized.

Prehensile

Pre*hen"sile (?), a. [L. prehensus, p. p. of prehendere to lay hold of, seize; pre- (equiv. to prae before) + hendere (in comp.), akin to E. get: cf. F. pr\'82hensile. See Get, and cf. Prison, Prize, n.] Adapted to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the prehensile tail of a monkey.

Prehension

Pre*hen"sion (?), n. [L. prehensio; cf. F. pr\'82hension. See Prehensile.] The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand or other member.

Prehensory

Pre*hen"so*ry (?), a. Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.

Prehistoric

Pre`his*tor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a period before written history begins; as, the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man.

Prehnite

Prehn"ite (?), n. [So called from the German Colonel Prehn, who first found it.] (Min.) A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

Prehnitic

Prehn*it"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- probably so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammill\'91 on the surface of prehnite.

Preindesignate

Pre`in*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic.) Having no sign expressive of quantity; indefinite. See Predesignate.

Preindispose

Pre*in`dis*pose" ( v. t. To render indisposed beforehand. Milman.

Preinstruct

Pre`in*struct" ( v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preinstructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Preinstructing.] To instruct previously or beforehand. Dr. H. More.

Preintimation

Pre*in`ti*ma"tion (?) n. Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand. T. Scott.

Prejudge

Pre*judge" ( v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudged (; p. pr. & vb. n. Prejudging.] [Pref. pre + judge: cf. F. pr\'82juger. Cf. Prejudicate, Prejudice.] To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn beforehand.
The committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor." Swift.

Prejudgment

Pre*judg"ment (?), n. The act of prejudging; decision before sufficient examination.

Prejudicacy

Pre*ju"di*ca*cy (?), n. Prejudice; prepossession. [Obs.] Sir. H. Blount.

Prejudical

Pre*ju"di*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the determination of some matter not previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at law.

Prejudicant

Pre*ju"di*cant (?), a. [L. praejudicans, p. pr.] Influenced by prejudice; biased. [R.] " With not too hasty and prejudicant ears." Milton.

Prejudicate

Pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. [L. praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.]

1. Formed before due examination. "Ignorance and prejudicate opinions." Jer. Taylor.

2. Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate readers." Sir T. Browne.

Prejudicate

Pre*ju"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prejudicating.] [Cf. Prejudge.] To determine beforehand, especially to disadvantage; to prejudge.
Our dearest friend Prejudicates the business. Shak.

Prejudicate

Pre*ju"di*cate, v. i. To prejudge. Sir P. Sidney.

Prejudicately

Pre*ju"di*cate*ly (?), adv. With prejudice.

Prejudication

Pre*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n.

1. The act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of facts and evidence; prejudgment.

2. (Rom. Law) (a) A preliminary inquiry and determination about something which belongs to a matter in dispute. (b) A previous treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.

Prejudicative

Pre*ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Forming a judgment without due examination; prejudging. Dr. H. More.

Prejudice

Prej"u*dice (?) n. [F. pr\'82judice, L. praejudicium; prae before + judicium judgment. See Prejudicate, Judicial.]

1. Foresight. [Obs.]

Naught might hinder his quick prejudize. Spenser.

2. An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment; a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.

Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically an honest man. Macaulay.

3. (Law) A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which interferes with fairness of judgment.

4. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment. Locke.

England and France might, through their amity, Breed him some prejudice. Shak.
Syn. -- Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage; detriment; mischief; disadvantage.

Prejudice

Prej"u*dice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prejudicing (?).] [Cf. F. pr\'82judicier. See Prejudice, n.]

1. To cause to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed without due knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side or the other of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman.

Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to despise all other learning. I. Watts

2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as, to prejudice a good cause.

Seek how may prejudice the foe. Shak

Prejudicial

Prej`u*di"cial (?) a. [L. praejudicialis belonging to a preceding judgment: cf. F. pr\'82judiciel.]

1. Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a prejudicial eye. [Obs.] Holyday.

2. Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous; detrimental. Hooker.

His going away . . . was most prejudicial and most ruinous to the king's affairs. Clarendon.
-- Prej`u*di"cial*ly, adv. -- Prej`u*di"cial*ness, n.

Preknowledge

Pre*knowl"edge (?), n. Prior knowledge.

Prelacy

Prel"a*cy (?) n.; pl. Prelacies (#). [LL. praelatia. See Prelate; cf. Prelaty.]

1. The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.

Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices. Ayliffe.

2. The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of ecclesiastical dignitaries. "Divers of the reverend prelacy, and other most judicious men." Hooker.

Prelal

Pre"lal (?), a. [L. prelum a press.] Of or pertaining to printing; typographical. [Obs.] Fuller.

Prelate

Prel"ate (?; 48), n. [F. pr\'82lat, LL. praelatus, fr. L. praelatus, used as p. p. of praeferre to prefer, but from a different root. See Elate.] A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop, having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church. &hand; This word and the words derived from it are often used invidiously, in English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters, respecting the Established Church system.
Hear him but reason in divinity, . . . You would desire the king were made a prelate. Shak.

Prelate

Prel"ate (?), v. i. To act as a prelate. [Obs.]
Right prelating is busy laboring, and not lording. Latimer.

Prelateity

Prel`a*te"i*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Prelateship

Prel"ate*ship, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar.

Prelatess

Prel"a*tess (?), n. A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate. Milton.

Prelatial

Pre*la"tial (?), a. Prelatical. Beaconsfield.

Prelatic, Prelatical

Pre*lat"ic (?), Pre*lat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to prelates or prelacy; as, prelatical authority. Macaulay.

Prelatically

Pre*lat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a prelatical manner; with reference to prelates. Milton.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the \'92neis.

Prelation

Pre*la"tion (?), n. [L. praelatio: cf. F. pr\'82lation. See Prelate, and cf. Prefer.] The setting of one above another; preference. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Prelatism

Prel"a*tism (?), n. Prelacy; episcopacy.

Prelatist

Prel"a*tist (?) n. One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the government of the church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman. Hume.
I am an Episcopalian, but not a prelatist. T. Scott.

Prelatize

Prel"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prelatizing (?).] To bring under the influence of prelacy. Palfrey.

Prelatize

Prel"a*tize, v. i. To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise prelatical functions.
An episcopacy that began then to prelatize. Milton.

Prelatry

Prel"a*try (?), n. Prelaty; prelacy. [Obs.]

Prelature; 135, Prelatureship

Prel"a*ture (?; 135), Prel"a*ture*ship, n. [F. pr\'82lature, or LL. praelatura.] The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy. Milman.

Prelaty

Prel"a*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Prelect

Pre*lect" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelected; p. pr. & vb. n. Prelecting.] [L. praelectus, p. p. of praelegere to read before. See Pre-, and Lection.] To read publicly, as a lecture or discourse.

Prelect

Pre*lect", v. i. To discourse publicly; to lecture.
Spitting . . . was publicly prelected upon. De. Quincey.
To prelect upon the military art. Bp. Horsley.

Prelection

Pre*lec"tion (?), n. [L. praelectio.] A lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company. "The prelections of Faber." Sir M. Hale.

Prelector

Pre*lec"tor (?), n. [L. praelector.] A reader of lectures or discourses; a lecturer. Sheldon.

Prelibation

Pre`li*ba"tion (?), n. [L. praelibatio, fr. praelibare to taste beforehand: cf. F. prelibation.]

1. A. tasting beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; as, a prelibation of heavenly bliss.

2. A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.

Preliminarily

Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a preliminary manner.

Preliminary

Pre*lim"i*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. pre + L. liminaris belonging to a threshold, fr. limen, liminis, threshold, entrance: cf. F. pr\'82liminaire. Cf. Limit.] Introductory; previous; preceding the main discourse or business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations to a discourse or book; preliminary articles to a treaty; preliminary measures; preliminary examinations. Syn. -- Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous; prior; precedent; antecedent.

Preliminary

Pre*lim"i*na*ry, n.; pl. Preliminaries (. That which precedes the main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory or preparatory; as, the preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to take one's preliminaries the year before entering college. Syn. -- Introduction; preface; prelude.

Prelimit

Pre*lim"it (?), v. t. To limit previously. [R.]

Prelook

Pre*look", v. i. To look forward. [Obs.] Surrey.

Prelude

Pre"lude (?), n. [F. pr\'82lude (cf. It. preludio, LL. praeludium), fr. L. prae before + ludus play. See Prelude, v. t.] An introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the principal matter; a preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially (Mus.), a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement introductory to a fugue, yet independent; -- with recent composers often synonymous with overture.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the \'92nis Addison.
The cause is more than the prelude, the effect is more than the sequel, of the fact. Whewell.
Syn. -- Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner; harbinger; precursor.

Prelude

Pre*lude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Preluding.] [L. praeludere, praelusum; prae before + ludere to play: cf. F. pr\'82luder. See Ludicrous.] To play an introduction or prelude; to give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.
The musicians preluded on their instruments. Sir. W. Scott.
We are preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point. Jeffrey.

Prelude

Pre*lude", v. t.

1. To introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.

2. To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.

[Music] preluding some great tragedy. Longfellow

Preluder

Pre*lud"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a prelude. Mason.

Preludial

Pre*lud"i*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a prelude; introductory. [R.]

Preludious

Pre*lud"i*ous (?) a. Preludial. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Prelumbar

Pre*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front of the loins;- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.

Prelusive

Pre*lu"sive (?), a. [See Prelude.] Of the nature of a prelude; introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow. "Prelusive drops." Thomson. --Pre*lu"sive*ly, adv.

Prelusorily

Pre*lu"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prelusory way.

Prelusory

Pre*lu"so*ry (?), a. Introductory; prelusive. Bacon.
Page 1130

Premature

Pre`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. praematurus; prae before + maturus ripe. See Mature.]

1. Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature fruits of a hotbed.

2. Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature fall of snow; a premature birth; a premature opinion; premature decay.

3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as, a premature report. -- Pre`ma*ture"ly, adv. -- Pre`ma*ture"ness, n.

Prematurity

Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82maturit\'82.] The quality or state of being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the prematurity of genius.

Premaxilla

Pre"max*il"la (?) n.; pl. Premaxill\'91 (#). [NL. See Pre-, and Maxilla.] (Anat.) A bone on either side of the middle line between the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. In man the premaxill\'91 become united and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.

Premaxillary

Pre*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the maxillary bones; pertaining to the premaxill\'91; intermaxillary. -- n. A premaxilla.

Premediate

Pre*me"di*ate (?), v. t. To advocate. [R.]

Premeditate

Pre*med"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premeditated (-t\'be`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Premeditating.] [L. praemeditatus, p. p. of praemeditari; prae before + meditari to meditate. See Meditate.] To think on, and revolve in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to premeditate robbery.
With words premeditated thus he said. Dryden.

Premeditate

Pre*med"i*tate, v. i. To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the mind, beforehand.

Premeditate

Pre*med"i*tate (?), a. [L. praemeditatus, p. p.] Premeditated; deliberate. [Archaic] Bp. Burnet.

Premeditately

Pre*med"i*tate*ly, adv. With premeditation. Burke.

Premeditation

Pre*med`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praemeditatio: cf. F. pr\'82m\'82ditation.] The act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous deliberation; forethought.

Premerit

Pre*mer"it (?), v. t. To merit or deserve beforehand. [Obs.] Eikon Basi

Premial, Premiant

Pre"mi*al (?), Pre"mi*ant (?), a. [L. praemialis. See Premium.] Serving to reward; rewarding. [R.] Baxter.

Premices

Prem"i*ces (?), n. pl. [F. pr\'82mices, L. primitiae. See Primitia.] First fruits. [Obs.] Dryden.

Premier

Pre"mi*er (?), a. [F. premier, fr. L. primarius of the first rank, principal, fr. primus the first. See Primary, Prime, a.]

1. First; chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier minister. Camden. Swift.

2. Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his degree.

Premier

Pre"mi*er (?), n. The first minister of state; the prime minister.

Premiership

Pre"mi*er*ship, n. The office of the premier.

Premillennial

Pre`mil*len"ni*al (?), a, Previous to the millennium.

Premious

Pre"mi*ous (?), a. [L. praemiosus, fr. praemium a premium.] Rich in gifts. [R.] Clarke.

Premise

Prem"ise (?), n.; pl. Premises (. [Written also, less properly, premiss.] [F. pr\'82misse, fr. L. praemissus, p. p. of praemittere to send before; prae before + mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.

The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served. Shak.

2. (Logic) Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn. "All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner." These propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.

While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the conclusion. Dr. H. More.

3. pl. (Law) Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.

4. pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.

Premise

Pre*mise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Premising.] [From L. praemissus, p. p., or E. premise, n. See Premise, n.]

1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.]

The premised flames of the last day. Shak.
If venesection and a cathartic be premised. E. Darwin.

2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.

I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task. Addison.

Premise

Pre*mise" (?), v. i. To make a premise; to set forth something as a premise. Swift.

Premiss

Prem"iss (?), n. Premise. Whately. I. Watts

Premit

Pre*mit" (?), v. t. To premise. [Obs.] Donne.

Premium

Pre"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Premiums (#). [L. praemium, originally, what one has got before or better than others; prae before + emere to take, buy. See Redeem.]

1. A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being before another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be adjudged; a bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship, for discoveries, etc.

To think it not the necessity, but the premium and privilege of life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory. Burke.
The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a premium for the encouragement of idleness. Franklin.

2. Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; -- sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum in addition to the capital.

People were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large interest. Swift.

3. A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.

4. A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value of anything; as, gold was at a premium; he sold his stock at a premium.

Premolar

Pre*mo"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the molar teeth. --n. An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar. See Tooth.

Premonish

Pre*mon"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premonished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Premonishing.] [Pref. pre- + monish: cf. L. praemonere.] To forewarn; to admonish beforehand. [R.] Herrick.
To teach, and to premonish. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

Premonishment

Pre*mon"ish*ment (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning. Sir H. Wotton.

Premonition

Pre`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemonitio. See Premonish.] Previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of danger.

Premonitor

Pre*mon"i*tor (?), n. [L. praemonitor.] One who, or that which, gives premonition.

Premonitory

Pre*mon"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. praemonitorius.] Giving previous warning or notice; as, premonitory symptoms of disease. -- Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly (#), adv.

Premonstrant

Pre*mon"strant (?), n. A Premonstratensian.

Premonstrate

Pre*mon"strate (?), v. t. [L. praemonstratus, p. p. of praemonstrare; prae before + monstrate to show.] To show beforehand; to foreshow. [R.] Herbert.

Premonstratensian

Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian (?), n. [F.pr\'82montr\'82, fr. Pr\'82montr\'82, fr. L. pratum monstratum.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order of regular canons founded by St. Norbert at Pr\'82montr\'82, in France, in 1119. The members of the order are called also White Canons, Norbertines, and Premonstrants.

Premonstration

Pre`mon*stra"tion (?), n. [L. praemonstratio.] A showing beforehand; foreshowing.

Premonstrator

Pre*mon"stra*tor (?), n. [L. praemonstrator.] One who, or that which, premonstrates. [R.]

Premorse

Pre*morse" (?), a. [L. praemorsus, p. p. of praemordere to bite off; prae before + mordere to bite.] Terminated abruptly, or as it bitten off. Premorse root ∨ leaves (Bot.), such as have an abrupt, ragged, and irregular termination, as if bitten off short.

Premosaic

Pre`mo*sa"ic (?) a. Relating to the time before Moses; as, premosaic history.

Premotion

Pre*mo"tion (?) n. [Pref. pre- + motion.] Previous motion or excitement to action.

Premunire

Prem`u*ni"re (?), n. (Law) See Pr\'91munire.

Premunite

Prem`u*nite" (?), v. t. [L. praemunitus, p. p. of praemunire to fortify in front; prae before + munire to fortify.] To fortify beforehand; to guard against objection. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Premunition

Pre`mu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemunitio: cf. F. pr\'82munition.] The act of fortifying or guarding against objections. [Obs.]

Premunitory

Pre*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a premunitory process.

Prenasal

Pre*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the nose, or in front of the nasal chambers.

Prenatal

Pre*na"tal (?), a. Being or happening before birth.

Prender

Pren"der (?), n. [F. prendre to take, fr. L. prehendere to take.] (Law) The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered. Burrill.

Prenomen

Pre*no"men (?), n. See Pr\'91nomen.

Prenominal

Pre*nom"i*nal (?), a. Serving as a prefix in a compound name. Sir T. Browne.

Prenominate

Pre*nom"i*nate (?) a. [L. praenominatus, p. p. of praenominare to give the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. praenomen prenomen.] Forenamed; named beforehand. [R.] "Prenominate crimes." Shak.

Prenominate

Pre*nom"i*nate (?), v. t. To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by name beforehand. Shak.

Prenomination

Pre*nom`i*na*tion (?), n. The act of prenominating; privilege of being named first. Sir T. Browne.

Prenostic

Pre*nos"tic (?), n. [L. praenoscere to foreknow; prae before + noscere, notum, to know.] A prognostic; an omen. [Obs.] Gower.

Prenote

Pre*note" (?), v. t. [L. praenotare; prae before + notare to note.] To note or designate beforehand. Foxe.

Prenotion

Pre*no"tion (?) n. [L. praenotio: cf. F. pr\'82notion. See Prenostic.] A notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion or thought; foreknowledge. Bacon.

Prensation

Pren*sa"tion (?), n. [L. prensatio, from prensare, prehensare, v. freq. from prehendere to seize.] The act of seizing with violence. [Obs.] Barrow .

Prentice

Pren"tice (?), n. [Aphetic form of apprentice.] An apprentice. [Obs. or Colloq.] Piers Plowman. "My accuser is my prentice." Shak.

Prenticehood

Pren"tice*hood (, n. Apprenticehood. [Obs.]
This jolly prentice with his master bode Till he was out nigh of his prenticehood. Chaucer.

Prenticeship

Pren"tice*ship, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs. or Colloq.]
He served a prenticeship who sets up shop. Pope.

Prenunciation

Pre*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n. [L. praenunciatio, fr. praenunciare to announce beforehand. See Pre-, and Announce.] The act of announcing or proclaiming beforehand. [Obs.]

Prenuncious

Pre*nun"cious (?), a. [L. praenuncius.] Announcing beforehand; presaging. [Obs.] Blount.

Preoblongata

Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The anterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

Preobtain

Pre`ob*tain" (?), v. t. To obtain beforehand.

Preoccupancy

Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Preoccupate.] The act or right of taking possession before another; as, the preoccupancy of wild land.

Preoccupate

Pre*oc"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. praeoccupatus, p. p. of praeoccupare to preoccupy. See Preoccupy.]

1. To anticipate; to take before. [Obs.] "Fear preoccupateth it [death]." Bacon.

2. To prepossess; to prejudice. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Preoccupation

Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. praeoccupatio: cf. F. pr\'82occupation.]

1. The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the state of being preoccupied; prepossession.

2. Anticipation of objections. [R.] South.

Preoccupy

Pre*oc"cu*py (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preoccupied (-p\'c6d); p. pr. & vb. n. Preoccupying (?).] [Cf. F. pr\'82occuper. See Preoccupate, Occupy.]

1. To take possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country not before held.

2. To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of, beforehand; hence, to prejudice.

I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to reflections than to preoccupy his judgment. Arbuthnot.

Preocular

Pre*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Placed just in front of the eyes, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects. -- n. One of the scales just in front of the eye of a reptile or fish.

Preominate

Pre*om"i*nate (?), v. t. To ominate beforehand; to portend. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Preopercular

Pre`o*per"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the operculum; pertaining to the preoperculum. -- n. The preoperculum.

Preoperculum

Pre`o*per"cu*lum (?), n [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior opercular bone in fishes.

Preopinion

Pre`o*pin"ion (?), n. Opinion previously formed; prepossession; prejudice. Sir T. Browne.

Preoption

Pre*op"tion (?), n. Right of first choice.

Preoral

Pre*o"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the mouth; as, preoral bands.

Preorbital

Pre*or"bit*al (?) a. (Anat.) Situated in front or the orbit.

Preordain

Pre`or*dain" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + ordain: cf. L. praeordinare.] To ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain. Milton.

Preorder

Pre*or"der (?), v. t. To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain. Sir W. Hamilton.

Preordinance

Pre*or"di*nance (?), n. Antecedent decree or determination. Shak.

Preordinate

Pre*or"di*nate (?), a. [L. praeordinatus, p. p. See Preordain.] Preordained. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

Preordination

Pre*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82ordination.] The act of foreordaining: previous determination. "The preordination of God." Bale.

Preparable

Pre*par"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prepared. "Medicine preparable by art." Boyle.

Preparation

Prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. [F. pr\'82paration, L. praeparatio. See Prepare.]

1. The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign.

2. The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness; fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war.

3. That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a preparatory act or measure.

I will show what preparations there were in nature for this dissolution. T. Burnet.

4. That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: (a) Any medicinal substance fitted for use. (b) Anything treated for preservation or examination as a specimen. (c) Something prepared for use in cookery.

I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their preparations. Sir T. Browne.
In the preparations of cookery, the most volatile parts of vegetables are destroyed. Arbuthnot.

5. An army or fleet. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Mus.) The holding over of a note from one chord into the next chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See Suspension.

7. Accomplishment; qualification. [Obs.] Shak.

Preparative

Pre*par"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82paratif.] Tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting; preparatory.
Laborious quest of knowledge preparative to this work. South.

Preparative

Pre*par"a*tive, n.

1. That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a purpose; that which prepares. "A preparative unto sermons." Hooker.

2. That which is done in the way of preparation. "Necessary preparatives for our voyage." Dryden.

Preparatively

Pre*par"a*tive*ly, adv. By way of preparation.

Preparator

Pre*par"a*tor (?), n. [L. praeparator.] One who prepares beforehand, as subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections, etc. Agassiz.

Preparatory

Pre*par"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praeparatorius: cf. F. pr\'82paratoire.] Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation; antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as, a preparatory school; a preparatory condition.

Prepare

Pre*pare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepare (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preparing.] [F. pr\'82parer, L. praeparare; prae before + parare to make ready. See Pare.]

1. To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to prepare ground for seed; to prepare a lesson.

Our souls, not yet prepared for upper light. Dryden.

2. To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as, to prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for defence; to prepare an entertainment. Milton.

That they may prepare a city for habitation. Ps. cvii. 36
Syn. -- To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make; make; ready.
Page 1131

Prepare

Pre*pare" (, v. i.

1. To make all things ready; to put things in order; as, to prepare for a hostile invasion. "Bid them prepare for dinner." Shak.

2. To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary previous measures; as, to prepare for death.

Prepare

Pre*pare", n. Preparation. [Obs.] Shak.

Prepared

Pre*pared" (?), a. Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared food; prepared questions. -- Pre*par"ed*ly (#), adv. Shak. -- Pre*par"ed*ness, n.

Preparer

Pre*par"er (?), n. One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes ready. Wood.

Prepay

Pre*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prepaying.] To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage.

Prepayment

Pre*pay"ment (?), n. Payment in advance.

Prepenial

Pre*pe"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the penis.

Prepense

Pre*pense" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + F. penser to think. See Pansy.] To weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate. [Obs.] Spenser. Sir T. Elyot.

Prepense

Pre*pense", v. i. To deliberate beforehand. [Obs.]

Prepense

Pre*pense", a. [See Pansy, and cf. Prepense, v. t.] Devised, contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought; -- usually placed after the word it qualifies; as, malice prepense.
This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error prepense. Southey.

Prepensely

Pre*pense"ly, adv. In a premeditated manner.

Prepollence, Prepollency

Pre*pol"lence (?), Pre*pol"len*cy (?), n. [L. praepollentia.] The quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power; predominance; prevalence. [R.] Coventry.

Prepollent

Pre*pol"lent (?), a. [L. praepollens, p. p. of praepollere to surpass in power; prae before + pollere to be powerful.] Having superior influence or power; prevailing; predominant. [R.] Boyle.

Prepollent

Pre*pol"lent (?), n.; pl. Prepollices (#) [NL. See Pre-, Pollex.] (Anat.) An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial side of the pollex.

Preponder

Pre*pon"der (?) v. t. To preponderate [Obs.]

Preponderance, Preponderancy

Pre*pon"der*ance (?), Pre*pon"der*an*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82pond\'82rance.]

1. The quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.

The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the preponderancy of the greater grounds of probability. Locke.
In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the preponderance of one power had destroyed. Macaulay.

2. (Gun.) The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the trunnions over that in front of them.

Preponderant

Pre*pon"der*ant (?) a. [L. praeponderans, -antis: cf. F. pr\'82pond\'82rant. See Preponderate.] Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant weight; of preponderant importance. -- Pre*pon"der*ant*ly, adv.

Preponderate

Pre*pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preponderated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preponderating.] [L. praeponderatus, p. p. of praeponderare; prae before + ponderare to weigh, fr., pondus, ponderis, a weight. See Ponder.]

1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; to overbalance.

An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes. Glanvill.

2. To overpower by stronger or moral power.

3. To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide. [Obs.]

The desire to spare Christian blood preponderates him for peace. Fuller.

Preponderate

Pre*pon"der*ate, v. i. To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; as, the affirmative side preponderated.
That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not preponderate. Bp. Wilkins.

Preponderatingly

Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly (?), adv. In a preponderating manner; preponderantly.

Preponderation

Pre*pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. praeponderatio.] The act or state of preponderating; preponderance; as, a preponderation of reasons. I. Watts.

Prepose

Pre*pose" (?), v. t. [F. pr\'82poser; pref. pr\'82- (L. prae before) + poser. See Pose.] To place or set before; to prefix. [Obs.] Fuller.

Preposition

Prep`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. praepositio, fr. praeponere to place before; prae before + ponere to put, place: cf. F. pr\'82position. See Position, and cf. Provost.]

1. (Gram.) A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of iron; he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running.

2. A proposition; an exposition; a discourse. [Obs.]

He made a long preposition and oration. Fabyan.

Prepositional

Prep`o*si"tion*al (?) a. [Cf. F. pr\'82positionnel.] Of or pertaining to a preposition; of the nature of a preposition. Early. -- Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly, adv.

Prepositive

Pre*pos"i*tive (?), a. [L. praepositivus: cf. F. pr\'82positif.] (Gram.) Put before; prefixed; as, a prepositive particle. -- n. A prepositive word. Tooke.

Prepositor

Pre*pos"i*tor (?), n. [NL.] A scholar appointed to inspect other scholars; a monitor. Todd.

Prepositure

Pre*pos"i*ture (?), n. [L. praepositura. See Preposition, and cf. Provost.] The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship. Lowth.

Prepossess

Pre`pos*sess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepossessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prepossessing.]

1. To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of. Dryden.

2. To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things; hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or at the outset.

It created him enemies, and prepossessed the lord general. Evelyn.

Prepossessing

Pre`pos*sess"ing (?), a. Tending to invite favor; attracting confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing manner. -- Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly, adv.

Prepossession

Pre`pos*ses"sion (?), n.

1. Preoccupation; prior possession. Hammond.

2. Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; -- generally, but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the prepossessions of childhood. "The prejudices and prepossessions of the country." Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See Bent.

Prepossessor

Pre`*pos*sess"or (?), n. One who possesses, or occupies, previously. R. Brady.

Preposterous

Pre*pos"ter*ous (?) a.[L. praeposterus; prae before + posterus coming after, latter. See Posterior.]

1. Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order. [Obs.]

The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I thus treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order of nature. Woodward.

2. Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted. "Most preposterous conclusions." Shak.

Preposterous ass, that never read so far! Shak.
Syn. -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See Absurd. -- Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly, adv. -Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness, n.

Prepostor

Pre*pos"tor (?) n. See Prepositor.

Prepotency

Pre*po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. praepotentia: cf. F. pr\'82potence.]

1. The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Biol.) The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of characteristics to their offspring.

Prepotent

Pre*po"tent (?) a. [L. praepotens. See Pre-, and Potent.]

1. Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority; predominant. Plaifere.

2. (Biol.) Characterized by prepotency. Darwin.

Preprovide

Pre`pro*vide" (?), v. t. To provide beforehand. "The materials preprovided." Fuller.

Prepubic

Pre*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.

Prepubis

Pre*pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Pubis.] (Anat.)A bone or cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of the pubic bones.

Prepuce

Pre"puce (?), n. [F. pr\'82puce, L. praeputium.] (Anat.) The foreskin.

Preputial

Pre*pu"tial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prepuce.

Preraphaelism, Preraphaelitism

Pre*raph"a*el*ism (?), Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism (?), n. (Fine Arts) The doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.

Preraphaelite

Pre*raph"a*el*ite (?), a. Of or pertaining to the style called preraphaelitism; as, a preraphaelite figure; a preraphaelite landscape. Ruskin.

Preraphaelite

Pre*raph"a*el*ite, n. One who favors or practices art as it was before Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.

Preregnant

Pre*reg"nant (?), n. One who reigns before another; a sovereign predecessor. [R.] Warner.

Preremote

Pre`re*mote (?) a. More remote in previous time or prior order.
In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote effect. E. Darwin.

Prerequire

Pre`re*quire" (?), v. t. To require beforehand.
Some things are prerequired of us. Bp. Hall.

Prerequisite

Pre*req"ui*site (?), a. Previously required; necessary as a preliminary to any proposed effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions of success.

Prerequisite

Pre*req"ui*site, n. Something previously required, or necessary to an end or effect proposed.
The necessary prerequisites of freedom. Goldsmith.

Preresolve

Pre`re*solve" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preresolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preresolving.] To resolve beforehand; to predetermine. Sir E. Dering.

Prerogative

Pre*rog"a*tive (?), n. [F. pr\'82rogative, from L. praerogativa precedence in voting, preference, privilege, fr. praerogativus that is asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr. praerogare to ask before another; prae before + rogare to ask. See Rogation.]

1. An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right; fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an official and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as to the fact and the manner of its exercise.

The two faculties that are the prerogative of man -- the powers of abstraction and imagination. I. Taylor.
An unconstitutional exercise of his prerogative. Macaulay.

2. Precedence; pre\'89minence; first rank. [Obs.]

Then give me leave to have prerogative. Shak.
&hand; The term came into general use in the conflicts between the Crown and Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in the time of the Stuarts. Prerogative Court (Eng. Law), a court which formerly had authority in the matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two or more different dioceses. Blackstone. -- Prerogative office, the office in which wills proved in the Prerogative Court were registered. Syn. -- Privilege; right. See Privilege.

Prerogatived

Pre*rog"a*tived (?), a. Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive privilege. [R.] Shak.

Prerogatively

Pre*rog"a*tive*ly (?), adv. By prerogative.

Presage

Pre"sage (?), n. [F. pr\'82sage, L. praesagium, from praesagire. See Presage, v. t. ]

1. Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic; an omen; an augury. "Joy and shout -- presage of victory." Milton.

2. Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power; foreknowledge; presentiment.

If there be aught of presage in the mind. Milton.
Syn. -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.

Presage

Pre*sage" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presaged (-s&amac;jd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Presaging. ] [F. pr\'82sager, L. praesagire: prae before + sagire to perceive acutely or sharply. See Sagacious.]

1. To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.

2. To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.

My dreams presage some joyful news at hand. Shak.

Presage

Pre*sage", v. i. To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with of. Dryden.

Presageful

Pre*sage"ful (?) a. Full of presages; ominous.
Dark in the glass of some presageful mood. Tennyson.

Presagement

Pre*sage"ment (?), n.

1. The act or art of presaging; a foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is presaged, or foretold. [R.] "Ominous presagement before his end. " Sir H. Wotton.

Presager

Pre*sa"ger (?) n. One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a foreboder. Shak.

Presagious

Pre*sa"gious (?), a. Foreboding; ominous. [Obs.]

Presbyope

Pres"by*ope (?), n. (Med.) One who has presbyopia; a farsighted person.

Presbyopia

Pres`by*o"pi*a (?) [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which producepresbytia.

Presbyopic

Pres`by*op"ic (?) a. Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying presbyopia; farsighted.

Presbyopy

Pres"by*o`py (?) n. [Cf. F. presbyopie.] See Presbyopia.

Presbyte

Pres"byte (?), n. [Gr. Same as Presbyope.

Presbyter

Pres"by*ter (?), n. [L. an elder, fr. Gr. Priest.]

1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under Bishop, n., 1.

2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in the ministry; -- called also priest.

I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. Hooker.
New presbyter is but old priest writ large. Milton.

3. (Presbyterian Ch.) A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical.

4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Presbyteral

Pres*byt"er*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery; presbyterial.

Presbyterate

Pres*byt"er*ate (?) n. [L. presbyteratus: cf. F. presbyt\'82rat.] A presbytery; also, presbytership. Heber.

Presbyteress

Pres"by*ter*ess, n. A female presbyter. Bale.

Presbyterial

Pres`by*te"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82ral.] Presbyterian. "Presbyterial government." Milton.

Presbyterian

Pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rien.] Of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.

Presbyterian

Pres`by*te"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rien.] One who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the Presbyterian church. Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian.

Presbyterianism

Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rianisme.] That form of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.

Presbyterium

Pres`by*te"ri*um (?), n. [L.] (Arch.) Same as Presbytery, 4.

Presbytership

Pres"by*ter*ship (?), n. The office or station of a presbyter; presbyterate.

Presbytery

Pres"by*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Presbyteries (#). [L. presbyterium, Gr. Presbyter, and cf. Presbyterium.]

1. A body of elders in the early Christian church.

2. (Presbyterian Ch.) A judicatory consisting of all the ministers within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in authority.

3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler.

4. (a) (Arch.) That part of the church reserved for the officiating priest. (b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt.

Presbytia

Pres*byt"i*a (?) n. [NL. See Presbyte.] (Med.) Presbyopia.

Presbytic

Pres*byt"ic (?), a. (Med.) Same as Presbyopic.

Presbytism

Pres"byt*ism (?), n. Presbyopia.

Presscapula

Pres*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The part of the scapula in front of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.

Prescapular

Pre*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prescapula; supraspinous.

Prescience

Pre"sci*ence (?) n. [F. prescience, L. praescientia. See Prescient.] Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.
God's certain prescience of the volitions of moral agents. J. Edwards.
Page 1132

Pre/scient

Pre/sci*ent (?), a. [L. praesciens, -entis, p. pr. of praescire to foreknow; prae before + scire to know: cf. F. prescient. See Science.] Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand. Pope.
Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of this event. Bacon.

Presciently

Pre"sci*ent*ly, adv. With presciense or foresight.

Prescind

Pre*scind" (?), v. t. [L. praescindere to cut off in front; prae before + scindere to cut asunder: cf. F. prescinder.]

1. To cut off; to abstract. [Obs.] Norris.

2. (Metaph.) To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis. Sir W. Hamilton.

Presciendent

Pre*sciend"ent (?), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr. scire to know.] Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of ills. [R.] Dryden.

Prescribe

Pre*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prescribed (?); p. pr & vb. n. Prescribing.] [L. praescribere, praescriptum; prae before + scriebe to write. See Scribe.]

1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to direct.

Prescribe not us our duties. Shak.
Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. Dryden.

2. (Med.) To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor prescribed quinine. Syn. -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute; establish.

Prescribe

Pre*scribe", v. i.

1. To give directions; to dictate.

A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. Locke.

2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. (Med.) To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.

4. (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the force of law.

Prescriber

Pre*scrib"er (?), n. One who prescribes.

Prescript

Pre"script (?), a. [L. praescriptus, p. p. of praescribere: cf. F. prescrit. See Prescribe.] Directed; prescribed. " A prescript from of words." Jer. Taylor.

Prescript

Pre"script, n. [L. praescriptum: cf. OF. prescript.]

1. Direction; precept; model prescribed. Milton.

2. A medical prescription. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Prescriptibility

Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n, The quality or state of being prescriptible. Story.

Prescriptible

Pre*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prescriptible. ] Depending on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed. Grafton.

Prescription

Pre*scrip"tion (?), n. [F. prescription, L. praescriptio,an inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3), fr. praescribere. See Prescribe.]

1. The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction; precept; also, that which is prescribed.

2. (Med.) A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.

3. (Law) A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by virtue immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law. Bacon.

That profound reverence for law and prescription which has long been characteristic of Englishmen. Macaulay.
&hand; Prescription differs from custom, which is a local usage, while prescription is personal, annexed to the person only. Prescription only extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of way, or of common. What the law gives of common rights is not the subject of prescription. Blackstone. Cruise. Kent. In Scotch law, prescription is employed in the sense in which limitation is used in England and America, namely, to express that operation of the lapse of time by which obligations are extinguished or title protected. Sir T. Craig. Erskine.

Prescriptive

Pre*scrip"tive (?), a. [L. praescriptivus of a demurrer or legal exception.] (Law) Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or long-continued use and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title; pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.
The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become prescriptive. J. M. Mason.

Prescriptively

Pre*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By prescription.

Prescutum

Pre*scu"tum (?), n.; pl. Prescuta (. [NL. See Pr\'91-, and Scutum.] (Zo\'94l.) The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and inconspicuous.

Preseance

Pre"se*ance (?), n. [F. pr\'82s\'82ance. See Preside.] Priority of place in sitting.[Obs.] Carew.

Preselect

Pre`se*lect" (?), v. t. To select beforehand.

Presence

Pres"ence (?), n. [F. pr\'82sence, L. praesentia. See Present.]

1. The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand; -- opposed to absence.

2. The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of anything that forbids intercourse.

Wrath shell be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire. Milton.

3. Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of exalted rank; also, presence chamber.

In such a presence here to plead my thoughts. Shak.
An't please your grace, the two great cardinals. Wait in the presence. Shak.

4. The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person; personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.

The Sovran Presence thus replied. Milton.

5. An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble company.

Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom you esteem most fair. Dryden.

6. Port, mien; air; personal appearence. "Rather dignity of presence than beauty of aspect." Bacon.

A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance. Collier.
Presence chamber, ∨ Presence room, the room in which a great personage receives company. Addison." Chambers of presence." Bacon. -- Presence of mind, that state of the mind in which all its faculties are alert, prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will, enabling one to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just conclusions in sudden emergencies.

Presensation

Pre`sen*sa"tion (?), n. Previous sensation, notion, or idea. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Presension

Pre*sen"sion (?), n. [L. praesensio, fr. praesentire to perceive beforehand. See Presentient.] Previous perception. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Present

Pres"ent (?), a. [F. pr\'82sent, L. praesens,-entis, that is before one, in sight or at hand, p. p. of praeesse to be before; prae before + esse to be. See Essence.]

1. Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated limits; -- opposed to absent.

These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. John xiv. 25.

2. Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the present session of Congress; the present state of affairs; the present instance.

I'll bring thee to the present business Shak.

3. Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident. "A present recompense." "A present pardon." Shak.

An ambassador . . . desires a present audience. Massinger.

4. Ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit. [R.]

5. Favorably attentive; propitious. [Archaic]

To find a god so present to my prayer. Dryden.
Present tense (Gram.), the tense or form of a verb which expresses action or being in the present time; as, I am writing, I write, or I do write.

Present

Pres"ent, n. [Cf. F. pr\'82sent. See Present, a.]

1. Present time; the time being; time in progress now, or at the moment contemplated; as, at this present.

Past and present, wound in one. Tennyson.

2. pl. (Law) Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.

3. (Gram.) A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the present tense. At present, at the present time; now. -- For the present, for the tine being; temporarily. -- In present, at once, without delay. [Obs.] "With them, in present, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his death." Milton.

Present

Pre*sent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presented; p. pr. & vb. n. Presenting.] [F. pr\'82senter, L. praesentare, fr. praesens, a. See Present, a.]

1. To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; as, to present an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come into the presence of a superior.

Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the lord. Job i. 6

2. To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance.

Lectorides's memory is ever . . . presenting him with the thoughts of other persons. I. Watts.

3. To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or possession; to deliver; to make over.

So ladies in romance assist their knight, Present the spear, and arm him for the fight. Pope.

4. To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.

My last, least offering, I present thee now. Cowper.

5. Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a donation; also, to court by gifts.

Octavia presented the poet for him admirable elegy on her son Marcellus. Dryden.

6. To present; to personate. [Obs.] Shak.

7. In specific uses; (a) To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.

The patron of a church may present his clerk to a parsonage or vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted. Blackstone.
(b) To nominate for support at a public school or other institution . Lamb. (c) To lay before a public body, or an official, for consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corporation, etc.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance, or indictment. (d) To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances, or whatever they think to be public injuries. (e) To bring an indictment against . [U.S] (f) To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to present a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another. Pesent arms (Mil.), the command in response to which the gun is carried perpendicularly in front of the center of the body, and held there with the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right hand grasping the small of the stock, in token of respect, as in saluting a superior officer; also, the position taken at such a command.

Present

Pre*sent", v. i. (Med.) To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part of an infant during labor.

Present

Pres"ent (?), n. [F. pr\'82sent .] Anything presented or given; a gift; a donative; as, a Christmas present. Syn. -- Gift; donation; donative; benefaction. See Gift.

Present

Pre*sent" (?), n. (Mil.) The position of a soldier in presenting arms; as, to stand at present.

Presentable

Pre*sent"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82sentable.]

1. Capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited, represented, or offered; fit to be brought forward or set forth; hence, fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; as, ideas that are presentable in simple language; she is not presentable in such a gown.

2. Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church presentable. [R.] Ayliffe.

Presentaneous

Pres`en*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. praesentaneus. See Present, a.] Ready; quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison. [Obs.] Harvey.

Presentation

Pres`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praesentatio a showing, representation: cf. F. pr\'82sentation.]

1. The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting forth; an offering; bestowal.

Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires. Hooker.

2. Hence, exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance; show.

Under the presentation of the shoots his wit. Shak.

3. That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the picture was a presentation. [R.]

4. (Eccl.) The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.

If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so admitted is next to be instituted by him. Blackstone.

5. (Med.) The particular position of the child during labor relatively to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus; as, a breech presentation. Presentation copy, a copy of a book, engraving, etc., presented to some one by the author or artist, as a token of regard.

Presentative

Pre*sent"a*tive (?), a.

1. (Eccl.) Having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman to the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are presentative, collative, or donative. Blackstone.

2. Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative parsonage. Spelman.

3. (Metaph.) Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of apprehending, as faculties.

The latter term, presentative faculty, I use . . . in contrast and correlation to a "representative faculty." Sir W. Hamilton.

Presentee

Pres`en*tee" (?), n. [F. pr\'82sent\'82, p. p. See Present, v. t. ] One to whom something is presented; also, one who is presented; specifically (Eccl.), one presented to benefice. Ayliffe.

Presenter

Pre*sent"er (?), n. One who presents.

Presential

Pre*sen"tial (?), a. [LL. praesentialis.] Implying actual presence; present, immediate. [Obs.]
God's mercy is made presential to us. Jer. Taylor.
-- Pre*sen"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Presentiality

Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. State of being actually present. [Obs.] South.

Presentiate

Pre*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To make present. [Obs.]

Presentient

Pre*sen"tient (?), a. [L. praesentiens, p. pr. of praesentire to perceive beforehand; prae before + sentire to feel.] Feeling or perceiving beforehand.

Presentific

Pres`en*tif"ic (?), a. [L. praesens, -entis, present + facere to make.] Making present. [Obs.] -- Pres`en*tif"ic*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Presentifical

Pres`en*tif"ic*al (?), a. Presentific. [Obs.]

Presentiment

Pre*sen"ti*ment (?), n. [Pref. pre- + sentiment: cf. F. pressentiment. See Presentient.] Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen; anticipation of evil; foreboding.

Presentimental

Pre*sen`ti*men"tal (?), a. Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding. [R.] Coleridge.

Presention

Pre*sen"tion (?), n. See Presension. [Obs.]

Presentive

Pre*sent"ive (?), a. (Philol.) Bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination; -- distinguished from symbolic.
How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power in the last three centuries. Earle.
-- Pre*sent"ive*ly, adv. -- Pre*sent"ive*ness, n.

Presently

Pres"ent*ly (?), adv.

1. At present; at this time; now. [Obs.]

The towns and forts you presently have. Sir P. Sidney.

2. At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon; shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by. Shak.

And presently the fig tree withered away. Matt. xxi. 19.

3. With actual presence; actually . [Obs.]

His precious body and blood presently three. Bp. Gardiner.

Presentment

Pre*sent"ment (?), n.

1. The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; presentation. " Upon the heels of my presentment." Shak.

2. Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation; exhibition.

Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion, And give it false presentment. Milton.

3. (Law) (a) The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the like; also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment itself. (b) The official notice (formerly required to be given in court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone. Presentment of a bill of exchange, the offering of a bill to the drawee for acceptance, or to the acceptor for payment. See Bill of exchange, under Bill.

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Mozley & W.

Presentness

Pres"ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being present; presence. [Obs.] "Presentness of mind in danger." Clarendon.

Presentoir

Pres`en*toir" (?), n. [Formed after analogy of French.] An ornamental tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.

Preservable

Pre*serv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being preserved; admitting of preservation.

Preservation

Pres`er*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82servation.] The act or process of preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept from injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, preservation of life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good preservation.
Give us particulars of thy preservation. Shak.

Preservative

Pre*serv"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82servatif.] Having the power or quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury, decay, etc.

Preservative

Pre*serv"a*tive, n. That which preserves, or has the power of preserving; a presevative agent.
To wear tablets as preservatives against the plague. Bacon.

Preservatory

Pre*serv"a*to*ry (?), a. Preservative. Bp. Hall.

Preservatory

Pre*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Preservatories (.

1. A preservative. [Obs.] Whitlock.

2. A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit, vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.

Preserve

Pre*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preserving.] [F. pr\'82server, from L. prae before + servare to save, preserve; cf. L. praeservare to observe beforehand. See Serve.]

1. To keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.

O Lord, thou preserved man and beast. Ps. xxxvi. 6.
Now, good angels preserve the king. Shak.

2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.

You can not preserve it from tainting. Shak.

3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve appearances; to preserve silence. To preserve game, to protect it from extermination. Syn. -- To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; guard; shield. See Keep.

Preserve

Pre*serve", v. i.

1. To make preserves. Shak.

2. To protect game for purposes of sport.

Preserve

Pre*serve", n.

1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- commonly in the plural.

2. A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of sport, or for food.

Preserver

Pre*serv"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or character of another. Shak.

2. One who makes preserves of fruit. Game preserver. See under Game.

Preshow

Pre*show" (?), v. t. To foreshow.

Preside

Pre*side" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Presided; p. pr. & vb. n. Presiding.] [L. praesidere; prae before + sedere to sit: cf. F. pr\'82sider. See Sit.]

1. To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a public meeting; to preside over the senate.

2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over.

Some o'er the public magazines preside. Dryden.

Presidence

Pres"i*dence (?), n. See Presidency. [Obs.]

Presidency

Pres"i*den*cy (?), n.; pl. Presidencies (#). [Cf. F. pr\'82sidence.]

1. The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control and care.

2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the presidency.

3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the presidency of Madison.

4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which its governor was president.

President

Pres"i*dent (?), n. Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon.

President

Pres"i*dent, a. Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the highest authority; presiding. [R.]
His angels president In every province. Milton.

President

Pres"i*dent, n. [F. pr\'82sident, L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of praesidere. See Preside.]

1. One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body. Specifically: (a) The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society, or the like. (b) The chief executive officer of the government in certain republics; as, the president of the United States.

2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.]

Just Apollo, president of verse. Waller.

Presidential

Pres`i*den"tial (?), a.

1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential angels." Glanvill.

2. Of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a presidential election.

Presidentship

Pres"i*dent*ship (?), n. The office and dignity of president; presidency. Hooker.

Presider

Pre*sid"er (?), n. One who presides.

Presidial, Presidiary

Pre*sid"i*al (?), Pre*sid"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. praesidialis and praesidiarius, fr. praesidium a presiding over, defense, guard. See Preside.] Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.
There are three presidial castles in this city. Howell.

Presidary

Pre*sid"*a*ry, n. [L. praesidiarium.] A guard. [Obs.] "Heavenly presidiaries." Bp. Hall.

Presiding

Pre*sid"ing (?), a. & n. from Preside. Presiding elder. See under 2d Elder.

Presidio

Pre*si"di*o (?), n. [Sp.] A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.

Presignification

Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [praesignificatio. See Presignify.] The act of signifying or showing beforehand.

Presignify

Pre*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified (?); imp. & p. p. Presignifying.] [L. praesignificare; prae before + significare to signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.

Presphenoid

Pre*sphe"noid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the presphenoid bone). Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.

Presphenoid

Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.) The presphenoid bone.

Presphenoidal

Pre`sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone; presphenoid.

Prespinal

Pre*spi"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Prevertebral.

Press

Press (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian insectivore (Tupaia ferruginea). It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft, and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.

Press

Press, v. t. [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan; hence, earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See Prest, n.] To force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.
To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed. Dryden.

Press

Press, n. [For prest, confused with press.] A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy.
I have misused the king's press. Shak.
Press gang, ∨ Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress gang, under Impress. -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into public service. See Prest money, under Prest, a.

Press

Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] [F. presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to press. Cf. Print, v.]

1. To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress; as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers, or arms; we are pressed in a crowd.

Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together. Luke vi. 38.

2. To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to squeeze out, or express, from something.

From sweet kernels pressed, She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.
And I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. Gen. xl. 11.

3. To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order to compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper, etc.; to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes.

4. To embrace closely; to hug.

Leucothoe shook at these alarms, And pressed Palemon closer in her arms. Pope.

5. To oppress; to bear hard upon.

Press not a falling man too far. Shak.

6. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger.

7. To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over; to constrain; to force; to compel.

Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ. Acts xviii. 5.

8. To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine truth on an audience.

He pressed a letter upon me within this hour. Dryden.
Be sure to press upon him every motive. Addison.

9. To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to press a horse in a race.

The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and pressed on, by the king's commandment. Esther viii. 14.
&hand; Press differs from drive and strike in usually denoting a slow or continued application of force; whereas drive and strike denote a sudden impulse of force. Pressed brick. See under Brick.

Press

Press, v. i.

1. To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with steady force.

2. To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach.

They pressed upon him for to touch him. Mark iii. 10.

3. To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment.

Press

Press, n. [F. presse. See 4th Press.]

1. An apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed, squeezed, stamped, or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or presses. &hand; Presses are differently constructed for various purposes in the arts, their specific uses being commonly designated; as, a cotton press, a wine press, a cider press, a copying press, etc. See Drill press.

2. Specifically, a printing press.

3. The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the persons employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing, a licentious press is a curse.<-- "the press" usually refers to newspaper reporters -->

4. An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a clothes press. Shak.

5. The act of pressing or thronging forward.

In their throng and press to that last hold. Shak.

6. Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a press of engagements.

7. A multitude of individuals crowded together;

They could not come nigh unto him for the press. Mark ii. 4.
Cylinder press, a printing press in which the impression is produced by a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in which the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead of resting on a flat bed. Hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- Liberty of the press, the free right of publishing books, pamphlets, or papers, without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters. -- Press bed, a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or closet. Boswell. -- Press of sail, (Naut.), as much sail as the state of the wind will permit.

Presser

Press"er (?), n. One who, or that which, presses. Presser bar, ∨ Presser wheel (Knitting machine), a bar or wheel which closes the barbs of the needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass over them. -- Presser foot, the part of a sewing machine which rests on the cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.

Pressgang

Press"gang` (?), n. See Press gang, under Press.

Pressing

Press"ing, a. Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity. -- Press"ing*ly, adv.

Pression

Pres"sion (?), n. [L. pressio: cf. F. pression. See 4th Press.]

1. The act of pressing; pressure. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Cartesian Philos.) An endeavor to move.

Pressiroster

Pres`si*ros"ter (?), n. [L. presssus pressed (p. p. of premere) + rostrum beak: cf. F. pressirostre. See 4th Press.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of wading birds (Pressirostres) including those which have a compressed beak, as the plovers.

Pressirostral

Pres`si*ros"tral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the pressirosters.

Pressitant

Pres"si*tant (?), a. [See 4th Press.] Gravitating; heavy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Pressive

Pres"sive (?), a. Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive taxation. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Pressly

Press"ly (?), adv. Closely; concisely. [Obs.]

Pressman

Press"man (?), n.; pl. Pressmen (.

1. One who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.

2. One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman.

Pressman

Press"man, n. [See 2d Press.] One of a press gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.

Pressor

Press"or (?), a. (Physiol.) Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure; -- opposed to depressor. Landois & Stirling.

Pressback

Press"back` (?), v. t. To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a press.

Pressurage

Pres"sur*age (?), n. [F.]

1. Pressure.

2. The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for the use of a wine press.

Pressure

Pres"sure (?; 138), n. [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See 4th Press.]

1. The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand.

2. A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind; the pressure of civilization.

Where the pressure of danger was not felt. Macaulay.

3. Affliction; distress; grievance.

My people's pressures are grievous. Eikon Basilike.
In the midst of his great troubles and pressures. Atterbury.

4. Urgency; as, the pressure of business.

5. Impression; stamp; character impressed.

All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past. Shak.

6. (Mech.) The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, often estimated with reference to the upon a unit's area. Atmospheric pressure, Center of pressure, etc. See under Atmospheric, Center, etc. -- Back pressure (Steam engine), pressure which resists the motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does not find free outlet. -- Fluid pressure, pressure like that exerted by a fluid. It is a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all directions around a point. Rankine. -- Pressure gauge, a gauge for indicating fluid pressure; a manometer.

Presswork

Press"work` (?), n. The art of printing from the surface of type, plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done. MacKellar.

Prest

Prest (?), imp. & p. p. of Press.

Prest

Prest, a. [OF. prest, F. pr\'88t, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf. Presto.]

1. Ready; prompt; prepared. [Obs.]

All prest to such battle he was. R. of Gloucester.

2. Neat; tidy; proper. [Obs.] Tusser. Prest money, money formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the British service; -- so called because it bound those that received it to be ready for service when called upon.

Prest

Prest, n. [OF. prest, F. pr\'88t, fr. OF. prester to lend, F. pr\'88ter, fr. L. praestare to stand before, to become surety for, to fulfill, offer, supply; prae before + stare to stand. See Pre-, and Stand, and cf. Press to force into service.]

1. Ready money; a loan of money. [Obs.]

Requiring of the city a prest of six thousand marks. Bacon.

2. (Law) A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. Cowell.

Prest

Prest, v. t. To give as a loan; to lend. [Obs.]
Sums of money . . . prested out in loan. E. Hall.

Prestable

Prest"a*ble (?), a. Payable. [Scot.]

Prestation

Pres*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praestatio a performing, paying, fr. praestare: cf. F. prestation.] (O. Eng. Law) A payment of money; a toll or duty; also, the rendering of a service. Burrill.
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Prestation money, a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop.

Prester

Pres"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. A meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire. [Obs.]

2. pl. One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other excitement. [Obs.]

Prester

Pres"ter, n. [OF. prestre. See Priest.] A priest or presbyter; as, Prester John. [Obs.]

Presternum

Pre*ster"num (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior segment of the sternum; the manubrium. -- Pre*ster"nal (#), a.

Prestidigital

Pres`ti*dig"i*tal (?), a. Nimble-fingered; having fingers fit for prestidigitation, or juggling. [R.] "His prestidigital hand." Charles Reade.

Prestidigitation

Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.

Prestidigitator

Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praesto ready + digitus finger: cf. F. prestidigitateur.] One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a juggler.

Prestige

Pres"tige (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. praestigum delusion, illusion, praestigae deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. prae before + the root of stinguere to extinguish, originally, to prick. See Stick, v.]

1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.]

The sophisms of infidelity, and the prestiges of imposture. Bp. Warburton.

2. Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation. "The prestige of his name must go for something." Sir G. C. Lewis.

Prestigiation

Pres*tig`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. praestigiare to deceive by juggling tricks, fr. praestigae. See Prestige.] Legerdemain; prestidigitation. [Obs.]

Prestigiator

Pres*tig"i*a`tor (?), n. [L. praestigiator.] A juggler; prestidigitator. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Prestigiatory

Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of impostures; juggling. [Obs.] Barrow.

Prestigious

Pres*tig"i*ous (?), a. [L. praestigiosus.] Practicing tricks; juggling. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

Prestimony

Pres"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [LL. praestimonium, fr. L. praestare to furnish, supply: cf. F. prestimonie. See Prest, n.] (Canon Law) A fund for the support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in the collator.

Prestissimo

Pres*tis"si*mo (?), adv. [It., superl. of presto.] (Mus.) Very quickly; with great rapidity.

Presto

Pres"to (?), adv. [It. or Sp. presto quick, quickly. See Prest, a.]

1. Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.

Presto! begone! 'tis here again. Swift.

2. (Mus.) Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except prestissimo.

Presstriction

Pres*stric"tion (?), n. [L. praestrictio a binding fast, fr. praestringere. See Pre-, and Stringent.] Obstruction, dimness, or defect of sight. [Obs.] Milton.

Presultor

Pre*sul"tor (?), n. [L. praesultor; prae before + salire to dance.] A leader in the dance. [R.]

Presumable

Pre*sum"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82sumable.] Such as may be presumed or supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct evidence.

Presumably

Pre*sum"a*bly, adv. In a presumable manner; by, or according to, presumption.

Presume

Pre*sume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Presuming.] [F. pr\'82sumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]

1. To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.

Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner? Shak.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

2. To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.

Every man is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be guilty. Blackstone.
What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . . Which he presumes already vain and void, Because not yet inflicted? Milton.

Presume

Pre*sume", v. i.

1. To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.

2. To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on or upon before the ground of confidence.

Do not presume too much upon my love. Shak.
This man presumes upon his parts. Locke.

Presumedly

Pre*sum"ed*ly, adv. By presumption.

Presumer

Pre*sum"er (?), n. One who presumes; also, an arrogant person. Sir H. Wotton.

Presumingly

Pre*sum"ing*ly, adv. Confidently; arrogantly.

Presumption

Pre*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. pr\'82somption, OF. also presumpcion. See Presume.]

1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.

2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong probability; reasonable supposition; as, the presumption is that an event has taken place.

3. That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not conclusive. "In contradiction to these very plausible presumptions." De Quincey.

4. The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward, overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness; arrogance; effrontery.

Thy son I killed for his presumption. Shak.
I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece. Dryden.
Conclusive presumption. See under Conclusive. -- Presumption of fact (Law), an argument of a fact from a fact; an inference as to the existence of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some other fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of something, without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief. Burrill. Best. Wharton. -- Presumption of law (Law), a postulate applied in advance to all cases of a particular class; e. g., the presumption of innocence and of regularity of records. Such a presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable.

Presumptive

Pre*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82somptif.]

1. Based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable evidence; probable; as, presumptive proof.

2. Presumptuous; arrogant. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Presumptive evidence (Law), that which is derived from circumstances which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct evidence or positive proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence. "Presumptive evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted." Blackstone. The distinction, however, between direct and presumptive (or circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence being now more or less direct and more or less presumptive. -- Presumptive heir. See Heir presumptive, under Heir.

Presumptively

Pre*sump"tive*ly, adv. By presumption, or supposition grounded or probability; presumably.

Presumptuous

Pre*sump"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. praesumptuosus: cf. F. pr\'82somptueux, OF. also presumptuous. See Presumption.]

1. Full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a presumptuous commander; presumptuous conduct.

A class of presumptuous men, whom age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise. Buckminster.

2. Founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea. "False, presumptuous hope." Milton.

3. Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known duty; willful. "Keep back the servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps. xix. 13. Syn. -- Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming; forward; arrogant; insolent.

Presumptuously

Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.

Presumptuousness

Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being presumptuous.

Presupposal

Pre`sup*pos"al (?), n. Presupposition. [R.] "Presupposal of knowledge." Hooker.

Presuppose

Pre`sup*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presupposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Presupposing.] [Pref. pre- + suppose: cf. F. pr\'82supposer.] To suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; as, creation presupposes a creator.
Each [kind of knowledge] presupposes many necessary things learned in other sciences, and known beforehand. Hooker.

Presupposition

Pre*sup`po*si"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + supposition: cf. F. pr\'82supposition.]

1. The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.

2. That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.

Presurmise

Pre`sur*mise" (?), n. A surmise previously formed. Shak.

Presystolic

Pre`sys*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the systole or contraction of the heart; as, the presystolic friction sound.

Pretemporal

Pre*tem"po*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the temporal bone.

Pretence, n., Pretenceful, a., Pretenceless

Pre*tence" (?), n., Pre*tence"ful, a., Pre*tence"*less, a. See Pretense, Pretenseful, Pretenseless.

Pretend

Pre*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pretending.] [OE. pretenden to lay claim to, F. pr\'82tendre, L. praetendere, praetentum, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate, assert; prae before + tendere to stretch. See Tend, v. t. ]

1. To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.

Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they pretend. Dryden.

2. To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden. [R.]

Lest that too heavenly form, pretended To hellish falsehood, snare them. Milton.

3. To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend friendship.

This let him know, Lest, willfully transgressing, he pretend Surprisal. Milton.

4. To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt. [Obs.]

Such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state. Shak.

5. To hold before one; to extend. [Obs.] "His target always over her pretended." Spenser.

Pretend

Pre*tend", v. i.

1. To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually with to. "Countries that pretend to freedom." Swift.

For to what fine he would anon pretend, That know I well. Chaucer.

2. To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be asleep. "[He] pretended to drink the waters." Macaulay.

Pretendant

Pre*tend"ant (?), n. A pretender; a claimant.

Pretended

Pre*tend"ed, a. Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, pretended friend. -- Pre*tend"ed*ly, adv.

Pretendence

Pre*tend"ence (?), n. The act of pretending; pretense. [Obs.] Daniel.

Pretender

Pre*tend"er (?), n.

1. One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant. Specifically, The pretender (Eng. Hist.), the son or the grandson of James II., the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid claim to the throne of Great Britain, from which the house was excluded by law.

It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident pretenders to certainty. Glanvill.

2. One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.

Pretendership

Pre*tend"er*ship, n. The character, right, or claim of a pretender. Swift.

Pretendingly

Pre*tend"ing*ly, adv. As by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously. Collier.

Pretense, Pretence

Pre*tense", Pre*tence (?), n. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]

1. The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension. Spenser.

Primogeniture can not have any pretense to a right of solely inheriting property or power. Locke.
I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's pretense to the wardenship of Merton College, Oxford. Evelyn.

2. The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show; simulation; as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on pretense of revenging C\'91sar's death.

3. That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show, argument, or reason; pretext; feint.

Let not the Trojans, with a feigned pretense Of proffered peace, delude the Latian prince. Dryden.

4. Intention; design. [Obs.]

A very pretense and purpose of unkindness. Shak.
&hand; See the Note under Offense. Syn. -- Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. -- Pretense, Pretext. A pretense is something held out as real when it is not so, thus falsifying the truth. A pretext is something woven up in order to cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. Pretext is often, but not always, used in a bad sense.

Pretensed

Pre*tensed" (?), a. Pretended; feigned. [Obs.] -- Pre*tens"ed*ly (#), adv. [Obs.]

Pretenseful

Pre*tense"ful (?), a. Abounding in pretenses.

Pretenseless

Pre*tense"less, a. Not having or making pretenses.

Pretension

Pre*ten"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82tention. See Pretend, Tension.]

1. The act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right or title.

The arrogant pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the discussion. Macaulay.

2. A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as, pretensions to scholarship.

This was but an invention and pretension given out by the Spaniards. Bacon.
Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their pretensions. L'Estrange.

Pretentative

Pre*ten"ta*tive (?), a. [Pref. pre- + tentative: cf. L. praetentare to try beforehand.] Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pretentious

Pre*ten"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82tentieux. See Pretend.] Full of pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming; assuming. -- Pre*ten"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*ten"tious*ness, n.

Preter-

Pre"ter- (?). [L. praeter past, beyond, originally a compar. of prae before. See For, prep.] A prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more than; as, preter- mission, a permitting to go by; preternatural, beyond or more than is natural. [Written also pr\'91ter.]

Preterhuman

Pre`ter*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. preter- + human.] More than human.

Preterient

Pre*te"ri*ent (?), a. [L. praeteriens, p. pr. See Preterit.] Passed through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states. [R.]

Preterimperfect

Pre`ter*im*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + imperfect.] (Gram.) Old name of the tense also called imperfect.

Preterist

Pret"er*ist (?), n. [Pref. preter- + -ist.]

1. One whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past with most pleasure or favor.

2. (Theol.) One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have been already fulfilled. Farrar.

Preterit

Pret"er*it (?; 277), a. [L. praeteritus, p. p. of praeterire to go or pass by; praeter beyond, by + ire to go: cf. F. pr\'82t\'82rit. See Issue.] [Written also preterite and pr\'91terite.]

1. (Gram.) Past; -- applied to a tense which expresses an action or state as past.

2. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. [R.]

Things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa. Lowell.

Preterit

Pret"er*it, n. (Gram.) The preterit; also, a word in the preterit tense.

Preterite

Pret"er*ite (?), a. & n. Same as Preterit.

Preteriteness

Pret"er*ite*ness, n. Same as Preteritness.

Preterition

Pre`ter*i"tion (?; 277), n. [L. praeteritio: cf. F. pr\'82t\'82rition.]

1. The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past. Bp. Hall.

2. (Rhet.) A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a summary mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he is learned, he is just." Called also paraleipsis.

3. (Law) The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is entitled to a portion. Bouvier.

Preteritive

Pre*ter"i*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Used only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses, as certain verbs.

Preteritness

Pret"er*it*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being past. Bentley. Lowell.

Preterlapsed

Pre`ter*lapsed" (?), a. [L. praeterlapsus, p. p. of praeterlabi to glide by. See Preter-, Lapse.] Past; as, preterlapsed ages. [R.] Glanvill.

Preterlegal

Pre`ter*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. preter- + legal.] Exceeding the limits of law. [R.]
Page 1135

Pretermission

Pre`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. praetermissio. See Pretermit.]

1. The act of passing by or omitting; omission. Milton.

2. (Rhet.) See Preterition.

Pretermit

Pre`ter*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretermitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pretermitting.] [L. praetermittere, praetermissum; praeter beyond + mittere to send. See Mission.] To pass by; to omit; to disregard. Bacon.

Preternatural

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [Pref. preter + natural.] Beyond of different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a preternatural presentation (in childbirth) or labor.
This vile and preternatural temper of mind. South.
Syn. -- See Supernatural.

Preternaturalism

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. The state of being preternatural; a preternatural condition.

Preternaturality

Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. Preternaturalness. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

Preternaturally

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly (?; 135), adv. In a preternatural manner or degree. Bacon.

Preternaturalness

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being preternatural.

Preterperfect

Pre`ter*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + perfect.] (Gram.) Old name of the tense also called preterit.

Preterpluperfect

Pre`ter*plu"per`fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + pluperfect.] (Gram.) Old name of the tense also called pluperfect.

Pretertiary

Pre*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. (Geol.) Earlier than Tertiary.

Pretervection

Pre`ter*vec"tion (?), n. [L. praetervectio, fr. praetervehere to carry beyond. See Invection.] The act of carrying past or beyond. [R.] Abp. Potter.

Pretex

Pre*tex" (?), v. t. [L. praetexere. See Pretext.] To frame; to devise; to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely. [Obs.]

Pretext

Pre"text (?; 277), n. [F. pr\'82texte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before + texere to weave. See Text.] Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise.
They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of service and kindness. L'Estrange.
With how much or how little pretext of reason. Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See Pretense.

Pretexture

Pre*tex"ture (?; 135), n. A pretext. [Obs.]

Pretibial

Pre*tib"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the tibia.

Pretor

Pre"tor (?), n. [L. praetor, for praeitor, fr. praeire to go before; prae before + ire to go. See Issue.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) A civil officer or magistrate among the ancient Romans. &hand; Originally the pretor was a kind of third consul; but at an early period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom (praetor urbanus) was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other (praetor peregrinus) was a judge of cases in which one or both of the parties were foreigners. Still later, the number of pretors, or judges, was further increased.

2. Hence, a mayor or magistrate. [R.] Dryden.

Pretorial

Pre*to"ri*al (?), a. Pretorian. Burke.

Pretorian

Pre*to"ri*an (?), a. [L. praetorians: cf. F. pr\'82torien.] Of or pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or belonging to, a pretor; as, pretorian power or authority. Pretorian bands ∨ guards, ∨ Pretorians (Rom. Hist.), the emperor's bodyguards, instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000 men each. -- Pretorian gate (Rom. Antiq.), that one of the four gates in a camp which lay next the enemy. Brande & C.

Pretorian

Pre*to"ri*an, n. A soldier of the pretorian guard.

Pretorium

Pre*to"ri*um (?), n. [L. praetorium, fr. praetor.]

1. The general's tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war, because held in the general's tent.

2. The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place; a splendid country seat.

Pretorship

Pre"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a pretor. J. Warton

Pretorture

Pre*tor"ture (?; 135), v. t. To torture beforehand. Fuller.

Prettily

Pret"ti*ly (?), adv. In a pretty manner.

Prettiness

Pret"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being pretty; -- used sometimes in a disparaging sense.
A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical prettiness. Jeffrey.

Pretty

Pret"ty (?), a. [Compar. Prettier (?); superl. Prettiest.] [OE. prati, AS. pr\'91ttig, pr\'91tig, crafty, sly, akin to pr\'91t, pr\'91tt, deceit, trickery, Icel. prettugr tricky, prettr a trick; probably fr. Latin, perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. praith act, deed, practice, LL. practica execution, practice, plot. See Practice.]

1. Pleasing by delicacy or grace; attracting, but not striking or impressing; of a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight or diminutive beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur; pleasingly, but not grandly, conceived or expressed; as, a pretty face; a pretty flower; a pretty poem.

This is the prettiest lowborn lass that ever Ran on the greensward. Shak.

2. Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune. "Wavering a pretty while." Evelyn.

3. Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense.

The pretty gentleman is the most complaisant in the world. Spectator.

4. Mean; despicable; contemptible; -- used ironically; as, a pretty trick; a pretty fellow.

5. Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant. [Scot.]

[He] observed they were pretty men, meaning not handsome. Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Elegant; neat; fine. See Handsome.

Pretty

Pret"ty (?), adv. In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather; almost; -- less emphatic than very; as, I am pretty sure of the fact; pretty cold weather.
Pretty plainly professes himself a sincere Christian. Atterbury.

Prettyish

Pret"ty*ish, a. Somewhat pretty. Walpole.

Prettyism

Pret"ty*ism (?), n. Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Pretty-spoken

Pret"ty-spo`ken (?), a. Spoken or speaking prettily. [Colloq.]

Pretypify

Pre*typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretypified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pretypifying.] To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type. Bp. Pearson.

Pretzel

Pret"zel (?), n. [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. Bretzel.] A kind of German biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.

Prevail

Pre*vail" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prevailing.] [F. pr\'82valoir, OF. prevaleir, L. praevalere; prae before + valere to be strong, able, or worth. See Valiant.]

1. To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage; to have the upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; -- sometimes with over or against.

When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. Ex. xvii. 11.
So David prevailed over the Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 50.
This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of England. Swift.

2. To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the practice prevails this day.

This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier skeptics, as far as it prevails. Locke.

3. To persuade or induce; -- with on, upon, or with; as, I prevailedon him to wait.

He was prevailed with to restrain the Earl. Clarendon.
Prevail upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and allow him the utmost freedom. Swift.

Prevailing

Pre*vail"ing, a.

1. Having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive. Shak.

Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers. Rowe.

2. Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease of a climate; a prevailing opinion. Syn. See Prevalent.

Prevailingly

Pre*vail"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevail.

Prevailment

Pre*vail"ment (?), n. Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy. [Obs.] Shak.

Prevalence

Prev"a*lence (?), n. [L. praevalentia: cf. F. pr\'82valence. See Prevail.] The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength, force, or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion, or of a disease; the prevalence of a rumor.
The duke better knew what kind of argument were of prevalence with him. Clarendon.

Prevalency

Prev"a*len*cy (?), n. See Prevalence.

Prevalent

Prev"a*lent (?), a. [L. praevalens, -entis, p. pr. of praevalere. See Prevail.]

1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious.

Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as good as any title. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread; prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease.

This was the most received and prevalent opinion. Woodward.
Syn. -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful. -- Prevalent, Prevailing. What customarily prevails is prevalent; as, a prevalent fashion. What actually prevails is prevailing; as, the prevailing winds are west. Hence, prevailing is the livelier and more pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called prevalent, and yet require greater strength to make it actually prevailing.

Prevalently

Prev"a*lent"ly, adv. In a prevalent manner. Prior.

Prevaricate

Pre*var"i*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevaricated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prevaricating.] [L. praevaricatus, p. p. of praevaricari to walk crookedly, to collude; prae before + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus straddling, varus bent. See Varicose.]

1. To shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; as, he prevaricates in his statement.

He prevaricates with his own understanding. South.

2. (Civil Law) To collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.

3. (Eng. Law) To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose of defeating or destroying it. Syn. -- To evade; equivocate; quibble; shuffle. -- Prevaricate, Evade, Equivocate. One who evades a question ostensibly answers it, but really turns aside to some other point. He who equivocate uses words which have a double meaning, so that in one sense he can claim to have said the truth, though he does in fact deceive, and intends to do it. He who prevaricates talks all round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and disclose nothing.

Prevaricate

Pre*var"i*cate, v. t. To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Prevarication

Pre*var`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praevaricatio: cf. F. pr\'82varication.]

1. The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the truth or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair dealing.

The august tribunal of the skies, where no prevarication shall avail. Cowper.

2. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.

3. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) The collusion of an informer with the defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. (b) (Common Law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose of defeating or destroying it. Cowell.

Prevaricator

Pre*var"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L. praevaricator: cf. F. pr\'82varicateur.]

1. One who prevaricates.

2. (Roman Law) A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham prosecution.

3. One who betrays or abuses a trust. Prynne.

Preve

Preve (?), v. i. & i. To prove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Preve

Preve, n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Prevenance

Prev"e*nance (?), n. [F. pr\'82venance.] (Metaph.) A going before; anticipation in sequence or order. "The law of prevenance is simply the well-known law of phenomenal sequence." Ward.

Prevenancy

Prev"e*nan*cy (?), n. The act of anticipating another's wishes, desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility; obligingness. [Obs.] Sterne.

Prevene

Pre*vene" (?), v. t. & i. [F. pr\'82venir, L. praevenire. See Prevent.] To come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent. [Obs.] Philips.

Prevenience

Pre*ven"i*ence (?; 106), n. The act of going before; anticipation. [R.]

Prevenient

Pre*ven"i*ent (?), a. [L. praeveniens, p. pr.] Going before; preceding; hence, preventive. "Prevenient grace descending." Milton.

Prevent

Pre*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prevented; p. pr. & vb. n. Preventing.] [L. praevenire, praeventum; prae before + venire to come. See Come.]

1. To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; to direct. [Obs.]

We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep. 1 Thess. iv. 15.
We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us. Bk. of Common Prayer.
Then had I come, preventing Sheba's queen. Prior.

2. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. [Obs.]

Their ready guilt preventing thy commands. Pope.

3. To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart. "This vile purpose to prevent." Shak.

Perhaps forestalling night prevented them. Milton.

Prevent

Pre*vent", v. i. To come before the usual time. [Obs.]
Strawberries . . . will prevent and come early. Bacon.

Preventability

Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preventable.

Preventable

Pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prevented or hindered; as, preventable diseases.

Preventative

Pre*vent"a*tive (?), n. That which prevents; -- incorrectly used instead of preventive.

Preventer

Pre*vent"er (?), n.

1. One who goes before; one who forestalls or anticipates another. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as, a preventer of evils or of disease.

3. (Naut.) An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast. Preventer bolts, ∨ Preventer plates (Naut.), fixtures connected with preventers to re\'89nforce other rigging. -- Preventer stay. (Naut.) Same as Preventer, 3.

Preventingly

Pre*vent"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevent or hinder.

Prevention

Pre*ven"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82vention.]

1. The act of going, or state of being, before. [Obs.]

The greater the distance, the greater the prevention. Bacon.

2. Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence, precaution; forethought. [Obs.] Hammond. Shak.

3. The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting. South.

Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention. Shak.

4. Prejudice; prepossession. [A Gallicism] Dryden.

Preventional

Pre*ven"tion*al (?), a. Tending to prevent. [Obs.]

Preventive

Pre*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82ventif.]

1. Going before; preceding. [Obs.]

Any previous counsel or preventive understanding. Cudworth.

2. Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of; as, a medicine preventive of disease.

Physic is either curative or preventive. Sir T. Browne.
Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in guarding the coast against smuggling. [Eng]

Preventive

Pre*vent"ive, n. That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a prophylactic.

Preventively

Pre*vent"ive*ly, adv. In a preventive manner.

Prevertebral

Pre*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front, or on the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.

Previous

Pre"vi*ous (?), a. [L. praevius going before, leading the way; prae before + via the way. See Voyage.] Going before in time; being or happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, previous arrangements; a previous illness.
The dull sound . . . previous to the storm, Rolls o'er the muttering earth. Thomson.
Previous question. (Parliamentary Practice) See under Question, and compare Closure. -- Previous to, before; -- often used adverbially for previously. "Previous to publication." M. Arnold. "A policy . . . his friends had advised previous to 1710." J. H. Newman. Syn. -- Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.

Previously

Pre"vi*ous*ly, adv. Beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan previously formed.

Previousness

Pre"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being previous; priority or antecedence in time.

Previse

Pre*vise" (?), v. t. [L. praevisus, p. p. of praevidere to foresee; prae before + videre to see. See Vision.]

1. To foresee. [R.]

2. To inform beforehand; to warn. Ld. Lytton.

Prevision

Pre*vi"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82vision.] Foresight; foreknowledge; prescience. H. Spencer.

Prevoyant

Pre*voy"ant (?), a. [F. pr\'82voyant.] Foreseeing; prescient. [R.] Mrs. Oliphant.

Prewarn

Pre*warn" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Prewarned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prewarning.] To warn beforehand; to forewarn. [R.]
Page 1136

Prey

Prey (?), n. [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for praeheda. See Prehensile, and cf. Depredate, Predatory.] Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder.
And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest. Num. xxxi. 12.

2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim.

The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job iv. ii.
Already sees herself the monster's prey. Dryden.

3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.

Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. Shak.
Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals.

Prey

Prey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preying.] [OF. preier, preer, L. praedari, fr. praeda. See Prey, n.] To take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.
More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards prey at liberty. Shak.
To prey on ∨ upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to rob. Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison.

Preyer

Prey"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a devourer. Hooker.

Preyful

Prey"ful (?), a.

1. Disposed to take prey. [Obs.]

The preyful brood of savage beasts. Chapman.

2. Rich in prey. [Obs.] Shak.

Prezygapophysis

Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Prezygapophyses (#). [NL. See Pre-, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) An anterior zygapophysis.

Prial

Pri"al (?), n. A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n.

Prian

Pri"an (?), n. [Cornish, clayey ground, from pri clay.] (Mining) A fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a mixture of clay and pebbles. [Written also pryan.]

Priapean

Pri`a*pe"an (?), n. [Cf. L. Priapeius pertaining to Priapus.] (Lat. Pros.) A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; -- applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each. Andrews.

Priapism

Pri"a*pism, n. [L. priapismus, Gr. Priapus the god of procreation, the penis, Gr. priapisme.] (Med.) More or less permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual desire.

Priapulacea

Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Priapism.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Gephyr\'91a, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.

Pricasour

Pric"a*sour (?), n. A hard rider. [Obs.]

Price

Price (?), n. [OE. pris, OF. pris, F. prix, L. pretium; cf. Gr. pa to buy, OI. renim I sell. Cf. Appreciate, Depreciate, Interpret, Praise, n. & v., Precious, Prize.]

1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost. "Buy wine and milk without money and without price." Isa. lv. 1.

We can afford no more at such a price. Shak.

2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.

Her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10.
New treasures still, of countless price. Keble.

3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry.

'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the soil. Pope.
Price current, ∨ Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc., published statedly or occasionally.

Price

Price, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Priced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricing.]

1. To pay the price of. [Obs.]

With thine own blood to price his blood. Spenser.

2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize.

3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]

Priced

Priced (?), a. Rated in price; valued; as, high-priced goods; low-priced labor.

Priceite

Price"ite (?), n. [From Thomas Price of San Francisco.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.

Priceless

Price"less, a.

1. Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable.

2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow.

Prick

Prick (?), n. [AS. prica, pricca, pricu; akin to LG. prick, pricke, D. prik, Dan. prik, prikke, Sw. prick. Cf. Prick, v.]

1. That which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.

Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary. Shak.
It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Acts ix. 5.

2. The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp, stinging pain; figuratively, remorse. "The pricks of conscience." A. Tucker.

3. A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point. Hence: (a) A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour. [Obs.] "The prick of noon." Shak. (b) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin. "They that shooten nearest the prick." Spenser. (c) A mark denoting degree; degree; pitch. [Obs.] "To prick of highest praise forth to advance." Spenser. (d) A mathematical point; -- regularly used in old English translations of Euclid. (e) The footprint of a hare. [Obs.]

4. (Naut.) A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.

Prick

Prick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricking.] [AS. prician; akin to LG. pricken, D. prikken, Dan. prikke, Sw. pricka. See Prick, n., and cf. Prink, Prig.]

1. To pierce slightly with a sharp-pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; as, to prick one with a pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to prick holes in paper.

2. To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick a knife into a board. Sir I. Newton.

The cooks prick it [a slice] on a prong of iron. Sandys.

3. To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to choose; to mark; -- sometimes with off.

Some who are pricked for sheriffs. Bacon.
Let the soldiers for duty be carefully pricked off. Sir W. Scott.
Those many, then, shall die: their names are pricked. Shak.

4. To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking; to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to prick the notes of a musical composition. Cowper.

5. To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge on; -- sometimes with on, or off.

Who pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. Chaucer.
The season pricketh every gentle heart. Chaucer.
My duty pricks me on to utter that. Shak.

6. To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse. "I was pricked with some reproof." Tennyson.

Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts ii. 37.

7. To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or dog; and usually followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged. "The courser . . . pricks up his ears." Dryden.

8. To render acid or pungent. [Obs.] Hudibras.

9. To dress; to prink; -- usually with up. [Obs.]

10. (Naut) (a) To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail. (b) To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.

11. (Far.) (a) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness. (b) To nick.

Prick

Prick, v. i.

1. To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture; as, a sore finger pricks.

2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. Milton.

A gentle knight was pricking on the plain. Spenser.

3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.

4. To aim at a point or mark. Hawkins.

Prick-eared

Prick"-eared` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having erect, pointed ears; -- said of certain dogs.
Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland. Shak.

Pricker

Prick"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp point; a prickle.

2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman.

The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . halted. Sir W. Scott.

3. A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery. Knight.

4. (Naut.) A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, -- used in sailmaking. R. H. Dana, Ir.

Pricket

Prick"et (?), n. [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See Prick, and cf. Brocket.] (Zo\'94l.) A buck in his second year. See Note under 3d Buck. Shak.

Pricking

Prick"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point. "There is that speaketh like the prickings of a sword." Prov. xii. 18 [1583].

2. (Far.) (a) The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to produce lameness. (b) Same as Nicking.

3. A sensation of being pricked. Shak.

4. The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of tracing a hare by its footmarks. [Obs.]

5. Dressing one's self for show; prinking. [Obs.]

Pricking-up

Prick"ing-up (?), n. (Arch.) The first coating of plaster in work of three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better key for the next coat. In the United States called scratch coat. Brande & C.

Prickle

Pric"kle (?), n. [AS. pricele, pricle; akin to LG. prickel, D. prikkel. See Prick, n.]

1. A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.; a spine. Bacon.

2. A kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of trade. B. Jonson.

3. A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds. [Eng.]

Prickle

Pric"kle, v. t. To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp points.
Felt a horror over me creep, Prickle skin, and catch my breath. Tennyson.

Prickleback, Pricklefish

Pric"kle*back` (?), Pric"kle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The stickleback.

Prickliness

Prick"li*ness (?), n. [From Prickly.] The quality of being prickly, or of having many prickles.

Prickling

Prick"ling (?), a. Prickly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pricklouse

Prick"louse` (?), n. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. [Old slang] L'Estrange.

Prickly

Prick"ly, a. Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with prickles; as, a prickly shrub. Prickly ash (Bot.), a prickly shrub (Xanthoxylum Americanum) with yellowish flowers appearing with the leaves. All parts of the plant are pungent and aromatic. The southern species is X. Carolinianum. Gray. -- Prickly heat (Med.), a noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples, attended with intense itching and tingling of the parts affected. It is due to inflammation of the sweat glands, and is often brought on by overheating the skin in hot weather. -- Prickly pear (Bot.), a name given to several plants of the cactaceous genus Opuntia, American plants consisting of fleshy, leafless, usually flattened, and often prickly joints inserted upon each other. The sessile flowers have many petals and numerous stamens. The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped berry containing many flattish seeds. The common species of the Northern Atlantic States is Opuntia vulgaris. In the South and West are many others, and in tropical America more than a hundred more. O. vulgaris, O. Ficus-Indica, and O. Tuna are abundantly introduced in the Mediterranean region, and O. Dillenii has become common in India. -- Prickly pole (Bot.), a West Indian palm (Bactris Plumierana), the slender trunk of which bears many rings of long black prickles. -- Prickly withe (Bot.), a West Indian cactaceous plant (Cereus triangularis) having prickly, slender, climbing, triangular stems. -- Prickly rat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of South American burrowing rodents belonging to Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair is usually intermingled with sharp spines.

Prickmadam

Prick"mad`am (?), n. [F. trique-madame. Cf. Tripmadam.] (Bot.) A name given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge medicines. See Stonecrop.

Prickpunch

Prick"punch` (?), n. A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.

Prickshaft

Prick"shaft` (?), n. An arrow. [Obs.]

Pricksong

Prick"song` (?; 115), n. [See Prick, v. t., 4.] Music written, or noted, with dots or points; -- so called from the points or dots with which it is noted down. [Obs.]
He fights as you sing pricksong. Shak.

Prickwood

Prick"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Euonymus Europ\'91us); -- so named from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called also spindle tree.

Pricky

Prick"y (?), a. Stiff and sharp; prickly. Holland.

Pride

Pride (?), n. [Cf. AS. lamprede, LL. lampreda, E. lamprey.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis); -- called also prid, and sandpiper.

Pride

Pride, n. [AS. pr&ymac;te; akin to Icel. pr&ymac;&edh;i honor, ornament, pr to adorn, Dan. pryde, Sw. pryda; cf. W. prydus comely. See Proud.]

1. The quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in contempt of others.

Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. iv. 37.
Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt. Franklin.

2. A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self-esteem; elevation of character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense.

Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride. Goldsmith.
A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with pride by remote descendants. Macaulay.

3. Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation; disdain.

Let not the foot of pride come against me. Ps. xxxvi. 11.
That hardly we escaped the pride of France. Shak.

4. That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.

Lofty trees yclad with summer's pride. Spenser.
I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Zech. ix. 6.
A bold peasantry, their country's pride. Goldsmith.

5. Show; ostentation; glory.

Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war. Shak.

6. Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to be in the pride of one's life.

A falcon, towering in her pride of place. Shak.

7. Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle; wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual appetite in a female beast. [Obs.] Pride of India, ∨ Pride of China. (Bot.) See Margosa. -- Pride of the desert (Zo\'94l.), the camel. Syn. -- Self-exaltation; conceit; hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness; loftiness. -- Pride, Vanity. Pride is a high or an excessive esteem of one's self for some real or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents, character, etc. Vanity is the love of being admired, praised, exalted, etc., by others. Vanity is an ostentation of pride; but one may have great pride without displaying it. Vanity, which is etymologically "emptiness," is applied especially to the exhibition of pride in superficialities, as beauty, dress, wealth, etc.

Pride

Pride, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prided; p. pr. & vb. n. Priding.] To indulge in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; -- used reflexively. Bp. Hall.
Pluming and priding himself in all his services. South.

Pride

Pride, v. i. To be proud; to glory. [R.]

Prideful

Pride"ful (?), a. Full of pride; haughty. Tennyson. -- Pride"ful*ly, adv. -- Pride"ful-ness, n.

Prideless

Pride"less, a. Without pride. Chaucer.

Pridian

Prid"i*an (?), a. [L. pridianus.] Of or pertaining to the day before, or yesterday. [R.] Thackeray.

Pridingly

Prid"ing*ly (?), adv. Proudly. [Obs.]

Prie

Prie (?), n. (Bot.) The plant privet. [Obs.] Tusser.

Prie

Prie, v. i. To pry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pried

Pried (?), imp. & p. p. of Pry.

Priedieu

Prie`dieu" (?), n. [F., literally, pray God.] A kneeling desk for prayers.

Prief

Prief (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Spenser. Lydgate.

Prier

Pri"er (?), n. [From Pry.] One who pries; one who inquires narrowly and searches, or is inquisitive.
So pragmatical a prier he is into divine secrets. Fuller.

Priest

Priest (?), n. [OE. prest, preost, AS. pre\'a2st, fr. L. presbyter, Gr. pristinus. Cf. Pristine, Presbyter.]
Page 1137

1. (Christian Church) A presbyter elder; a minister; specifically: (a) (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) One who is authorized to consecrate the host and to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this power. Murdock. (b) (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) A presbyter; one who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of ordination and confirmation.

2. One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in any form of religion; as, Buddhist priests. "The priests of Dagon." 1 Sam. v. 5.

Then the priest of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . . and would have done sacrifice with the people. Acts xiv. 13.
Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins. Heb. v. 1.
&hand; In the New Testament presbyters are not called priests; but Christ is designated as a priest, and as a high priest, and all Christians are designated priests.

Priest

Priest (?), v. t. To ordain as priest.

Priestcap

Priest"cap` (?), n. (Fort.) A form of redan, so named from its shape; -- called also swallowtail.

Priestcraft

Priest"craft` (?), n. Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood; esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns; management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the religious motives or credulity of others.
It is better that men should be governed by priestcraft than by violence. Macaulay.

Priestery

Priest"er*y (?), n. Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so called in contempt. [R.] Milton.

Priestess

Priest"ess, n. A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans. Abp. Potter.

Priesthood

Priest"hood (?), n.

1. The office or character of a priest; the priestly function. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order of priests.

Priesting

Priest"ing, n. The office of a priest. [Obs.] Milton.

Priestism

Priest"ism (?), n. The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of priests or the priesthood. [R.]

Priestless

Priest"less, a. Without a priest. Pope.

Priestlike

Priest"like` (?), a. Priestly. B. Jonson.

Priestliness

Priest"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being priestly. R. Browning.

Priestly

Priest"ly, a. Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood; sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; as, the priestly office; a priestly farewell. Shak.

Priest-ridden

Priest"-rid`den (?), a. Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a priest-ridden people. Swift.

Prieve

Prieve (?), v. t. To prove. [Obs. or Scot.]

Prig

Prig (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prigging (?).] [A modification of prick.] To haggle about the price of a commodity; to bargain hard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Prig

Prig, v. t.

1. To cheapen. [Scot.]

2. [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See Prick, v. t.] To filch or steal; as, to prig a handkerchief. [Cant]

Prig

Prig, n.

1. A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.

The queer prig of a doctor. Macaulay.

2. A thief; a filcher. [Cant] Shak.

Priggery

Prig"ger*y (?), n. Priggism.

Priggish

Prig"gish (?), a. Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical. -- Prig"gish*ly, adv. -- Prig"gish-ness, n.

Priggism

Prig"gism (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig. Ed. Rev.

2. Roguery; thievery. [Obs.] Fielding.

Prighte

Prigh"te (?), obs. imp. of Prick. Chaucer.

Prill

Prill (?), n. [Cf. Brill.] (Zo\'94l.) The brill.

Prill

Prill, v. i. To flow. [Obs.] Stow.

Prill

Prill, n. A stream. [Obs.] Davies (Microcosmos).

Prill

Prill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. (Mining) (a) A nugget of virgin metal. (b) Ore selected for excellence.

2. The button of metal from an assay.

Prillion

Pril"lion (?), n. Tin extracted from the slag.

Prim

Prim (?), n. [See Privet.] (Bot) The privet.

Prim

Prim, a. [OF. prim, prin, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin, piercing, fr. L. primus first. See Prime, a.] Formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity; a prim person. Swift.

Prim

Prim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Primming.] To deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to prink.

Prim

Prim, v. i. To dress or act smartly. [R.]

Primacy

Pri"ma*cy (?), n. [LL. primatia, fr. L. primas, -atis, one of the first or principal, chief, fr. primus first: cf. F. primatie. See Prime, a.]

1. The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy. [R.] De Quincey.

2. The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.

Prima donna

Pri"ma don"na (?); pl. E. Prima donnas (#), It. Prime (#) Donne (#). [It., fr. primo, prima, the first + donna lady, mistress. See Prime, a., and Donna.] The first or chief female singer in an opera.

Prima facie

Pri"ma fa"ci*e (?). [L., from abl. of primus first + abl. of facies appearance.] At first view; on the first appearance. Prima facie evidence (of a fact) (Law), evidence which is sufficient to establish the fact unless rebutted. Bouvier.

Primage

Pri"mage (?; 48), n. [F.] (Com.) A charge in addition to the freight; originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the goods (sometimes called hat money), but now belonging to the owners or freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part is assigned to the captain. Homans.

Primal

Pri"mal (?), a. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.] First; primary; original; chief.
It hath the primal eldest curse upon it. Shak.
The primal duties shine aloft like stars. Wordsworth.

Primality

Pri*mal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being primal. [Obs.]

Primarily

Pri"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in the first intention; originally.

Primariness

Pri"ma*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being primary, or first in time, in act, or in intention. Norris.

Primary

Pri"ma*ry (?), a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire. See Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.]

1. First in order of time or development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original.

The church of Christ, in its primary institution. Bp. Pearson.
These I call original, or primary, qualities of body. Locke.

2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, primary assemblies; primary schools.

3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary planets; a matter of primary importance.

4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental.

5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement. Primary alcohol (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess the group CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from secondary ∧ tertiary alcohols. -- Primary amine (Chem.), an amine containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; -- distinguished from secondary ∧ tertiary amines. -- Primary amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as soon as the shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of inflammation supervene. -- Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which bears a whole cluster of flowers. -- Primary colors. See under Color. -- Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See Caucus. -- Primary pinna (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound leaf or frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether simple or compounded. -- Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under Planet. -- Primary qualities of bodies, such are essential to and inseparable from them. -- Primary quills (Zo\'94l.), the largest feathers of the wing of a bird; primaries. -- Primary rocks (Geol.), a term early used for rocks supposed to have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; -- called also primitive rocks. The terms Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also been used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in use. -- Primary salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid in which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or basic radical. -- Primary syphilis (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis, including the period from the development of the original lesion or chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general constitutional infection. -- Primary union (Surg.), union without suppuration; union by the first intention.

Primary

Pri"ma*ry, n.; pl. Primaries (.

1. That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.

2. A primary meeting; a caucus.

3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.

4. (Astron.) A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. See under Planet.

Primate

Pri"mate (?), n. [OE. primat, F. primat, L. primas, -atis one of the first, chief, fr. primus the first. See Prime, a.]

1. The chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over other bishops in a province; an archbishop.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Primates.

Primates

Pri*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The highest order of mammals. It includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. Pitheci.

Primateship

Pri"mate*ship (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.

Primatial

Pri*ma"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. primatial.] Primatical. [R.] D'Anville (Trans. ).

Primatical

Pri*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a primate. Barrow.

Prime

Prime (?), a. [F., fr. L. primus first, a superl. corresponding to the compar. prior former. See Prior, a., Foremost, Former, and cf. Prim, a., Primary, Prince.]

1. First in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary. "Prime forests." Tennyson.

She was not the prime cause, but I myself. Milton.
&hand; In this sense the word is nearly superseded by primitive, except in the phrase prime cost.

2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime minister. "Prime virtues." Dryden.

3. First in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime quality of cloth.

4. Early; blooming; being in the first stage. [Poetic]

His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him prime In manhood where youth ended. Milton.

5. Lecherous; lustful; lewd. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Marked or distinguished by a mark (\'b7) called a prime mark.<-- same mark used for weak accent, and minutes of a degree --> Prime and ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate. -- Prime conductor. (Elec.) See under Conductor. -- Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which is a prime number. -- Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a pyramid, etc. -- Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which longitude is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington. -- Prime minister, the responsible head of a ministry or executive government; applied particularly to that of England. -- Prime mover. (Mech.) (a) A natural agency applied by man to the production of power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as water and air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to produce changes in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other fluids; and electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to produce alternation of magnetic force. (b) An engine, or machine, the object of which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied by some natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a water wheel, a water-pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc. (c) Fig.: The original or the most effective force in any undertaking or work; as, Clarkson was the prime mover in English antislavery agitation. -- Prime number (Arith.), a number which is exactly divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11. -- Prime vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes through the east and west points of the horizon. -- Prime-vertical dial, a dial in which the shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical. -- Prime-vertical transit instrument, a transit instrument the telescope of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, -- used for observing the transit of stars over this circle.

Prime

Prime (?), n.

1. The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring. Chaucer.

In the very prime of the world. Hooker.
Hope waits upon the flowery prime. Waller.

2. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty; perfection. "Cut off in their prime." Eustace. "The prime of youth." Dryden.

3. That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the best part.

Give him always of the prime. Swift.

4. [F. prime, LL. prima (sc. hora). See Prime, a.] The morning; specifically (R. C. Ch.), the first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds.

Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime. Spenser.
&hand; Originally, prime denoted the first quarter of the artificial day, reckoned from 6 a. m. to 6 p. m. Afterwards, it denoted the end of the first quarter, that is, 9 a. a. Specifically, it denoted the first canonical hour, as now. Chaucer uses it in all these senses, and also in the sense of def. 1, above.
They sleep till that it was pryme large. Chaucer.

5. (Fencing) The first of the chief guards.

6. (Chem.) Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of any particular element; -- so called because these numbers were respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed standard of hydrogen as 1. [Obs. or Archaic]

7. (Arith.) A prime number. See under Prime, a.

8. An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; -- denoted by [\'b7]. See 2d Inch, n., 1. Prime of the moon, the new moon at its first appearance.

Prime

Prime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] [From Prime, a.]

1. To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to, as a metallic cartridge.

2. To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.

3. To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

4. To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

5. (Math.) To mark with a prime mark. To prime a pump, to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in working condition.

Prime

Prime, v. i.

1. To be renewed, or as at first. [Obs.]

Night's bashful empress, though she often wane, As oft repeats her darkness, primes again. Quarles
.

2. To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.

3. To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the steam that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler.

Primely

Prime"ly, adv.

1. At first; primarily. [Obs.] South.

2. In a prime manner; excellently.

Primeness

Prime"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being first.

2. The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.

Primer

Prim"er (?), n. One who, or that which, primes; specifically, an instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water containing percussion powder or other capable for igniting a charge of gunpowder.

Primer

Prim"er, a. [OF. primer, primier, premier, F. premier. See Premier.] First; original; primary. [Obs.] "The primer English kings." Drayton. Primer fine (O. Eng. Law), a fine due to the king on the writ or commencement of a suit by fine. Blackstone. -- Primer seizin (Feudal Law), the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; -- now abolished. Blackstone.

Primer

Prim"er (?), n. [Originally, the book read at prime, the first canonical hour. LL. primae liber. See Prime, n., 4.]

1. Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction.

The primer, or office of the Blessed Virgin. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or spelling book for a beginner.

As he sat in the school at his prymer. Chaucer.

3. (Print.) A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica. Great primer type.

Primero

Pri*me"ro (?), n. [Sp. primera, fr. primero first, from L. primarius. See Premier.] A game at cards, now unknown. Shak.

Primerole

Prim"er*ole (?), n. (Bot.) See Primrose. [Obs.] "She was a primerole." Chaucer.

Primeval

Pri*me"val (?), a. [L. primaevus; primus first + aevum age. See Prime, a., and Age.] Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original; primitive; primary; as, the primeval innocence of man. "This is the forest primeval." Longfellow.
From chaos, and primeval darkness, came Light. Keats.

Primevally

Pri*me"val*ly, adv. In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest times; originally. Darwin.

Primevous

Pri*me"vous, a. Primeval. [Obs.]
Page 1138

Primigenial

Pri`mi*ge"ni*al (?), a. First born, or first of all; original; primary. See Primogenial.

Primigenious, Primigenous

Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous (?), Pri*mig"e*nous (?), a. [L. primigenus, primigenius. See Primogeniture.] First formed or generated; original; primigenial. Bp. Hall.

Primine

Pri"mine (?), n. [L. primus first: cf. F. primine.] (Bot.) The outermost of the two integuments of an ovule. &hand; This word has been used by some writers to denote the inner integument, which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf. Secundine.

Priming

Prim"ing (?), n.

1. The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.

2. (Paint.) The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on canvas, or on a building, or other surface.

3. (Steam Eng.) The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as into the cylinder. Priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Priming tube, a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing cannon. -- Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied to the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the cylinder by priming. -- Priming wire, a pointed wire used to penetrate the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming.

Primipara

Pri*mip"a*ra (?), n. [L., fr. primus first + parere to bring forth.] (Med.) A woman who bears a child for the first time.

Primiparous

Pri*mip"a*rous (?), a. [See Primipara.] Belonging to a first birth; bearing young for the first time.

Primipilar

Pri*mip"i*lar (?), a. [L. primipilaris, fr. primipilus the centurion of the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. primus pilus the division made up of the triarii in the Roman army.] Of or pertaining to the captain of the vanguard of a Roman army. Barrow.

Primitia

Pri*mi"ti*a (?), n.; pl. Primiti\'91 (#) (Primitias (#), obs.). [L. primitiae, pl., fr. primus first. Cf. Premices.] (Eng. Law) The first fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.
The primitias of your parsonage. Spenser.

Primitial

Pri*mi"tial (?), a. Being of the first production; primitive; original. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Primitive

Prim"i*tive (?), a. [L. primitivus, fr. primus the first: cf. F. primitif. See Prime, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first; as, primitive innocence; the primitive church. "Our primitive great sire." Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress.

3. Original; primary; radical; not derived; as, primitive verb in grammar. Primitive axes of co\'94rdinate (Geom.), that system of axes to which the points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to a second set or system, to which they are afterward referred. -- Primitive chord (Mus.), that chord, the lowest note of which is of the same literal denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; -- opposed to derivative. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Primitive circle (Spherical Projection), the circle cut from the sphere to be projected, by the primitive plane. -- Primitive colors (Paint.), primary colors. See under Color. -- Primitive Fathers (Eccl.), the acknowledged Christian writers who flourished before the Council of Nice, A. D. 325. Shipley. -- Primitive groove (Anat.), a depression or groove in the epiblast of the primitive streak. It is not connected with the medullary groove, which appears later and in front of it. -- Primitive plane (Spherical Projection), the plane upon which the projections are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere, as the equator or a meridian. -- Primitive rocks (Geol.), primary rocks. See under Primary. -- Primitive sheath. (Anat.) See Neurilemma. -- Primitive streak ∨ trace (Anat.), an opaque and thickened band where the mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm. Syn. -- First; original; radical; pristine; ancient; primeval; antiquated; old-fashioned.

Primitive

Prim"i*tive, n. An original or primary word; a word not derived from another; -- opposed to derivative.

Primitively

Prim"i*tive*ly, adv.

1. Originally; at first.

2. Primarily; not derivatively.

3. According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient style. South.

Primitiveness

Prim"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being primitive; conformity to primitive style or practice.

Primity

Prim"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being first; primitiveness. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Primly

Prim"ly, adv. In a prim or precise manner.

Primness

Prim"ness, n. The quality or state of being prim; affected formality or niceness; preciseness; stiffness.

Primo

Pri"mo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) First; chief.

Primogenial

Pri`mo*ge"ni*al (?), a. [See Primigenial.] First born, made, or generated; original; primary; elemental; as, primogenial light. Glanvill.

Primogenitive

Pri`mo*gen"i*tive (?), a. [See Primogeniture.] Of or pertaining to primogeniture. [R.]

Primogenitive

Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, n. Primogeniture. [Obs.]
The primogenitive and due of birth. Shak.

Primogenitor

Pri`mo*gen"i*tor (?), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitor a begetter.] The first ancestor; a forefather.

Primogeniture

Pri`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitura a begetting, birth, generation, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. primog\'82niture, L. primogenitus firstborn. See Prime, a., and Genus, Kin.]

1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family.

2. (Eng. Law) The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue. Blackstone.

Primogenitureship

Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship (?), n. The state or privileges of the firstborn. Burke.

Primordial

Pri*mor"di*al (?), a. [L. primordialis, from primordium the first beginning; primus first + ordiri to begin a web, to begin: cf. F. primordial.]

1. First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; as, primordial condition. "The primordial facts of our intelligent nature." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age, corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology. It is called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from the Silurian.

3. (Biol.) Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual or organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell. Primordial utricle (Bot.), the interior lining of a young vegetable cell.

Primordial

Pri*mor"di*al, n. A first principle or element.

Primordialism

Pri*mor"di*al*ism (?), n. Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of the primordial state. H. Spencer.

Primordially

Pri*mor"di*al*ly, adv. At the beginning; under the first order of things; originally.

Primordian

Pri*mor"di*an (?), n. [L. primordius first of all, fr. primordium.] (Bot.) A name given to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian, amber primordian, etc.

Primordiate

Pri*mor"di*ate (?), a. Primordial. [R.] Boyle.

Primp

Primp (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Prim, a.] To be formal or affected in dress or manners; -- often with up. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

Primrose

Prim"rose` (?), n. [OE. primerole, F. primerole, a derivative fr. LL. primula, from L. primus first. See Prime, a.] (Bot.) (a) An early flowering plant of the genus Primula (P. vulgaris) closely allied to the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also primerole, primerolles. (b) Any plant of the genus Primula. Evening primrose, an erect biennial herb (Enothera biennis), with yellow vespertine flowers, common in the United States. The name is sometimes extended to other species of the same genus. -- Primrose peerless, the two-flowered Narcissus (N. biflorus). [Obs.]

Primrose

Prim"rose`, a. Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a primrose; -- hence, flowery; gay. "The primrose path of dalliance." Shak.

Primula

Prim"u*la (?), n. [LL. See Primrose.] (Bot.) The genus of plants including the primrose (Primula vera).

Primulaceous

Prim`u*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of herbaceous plants (Primulace\'91), of which the primrose is the type, and the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other examples.

Primum mobile

Pri"mum mob"i*le (?). [L., first cause of motion.] (Astron.) In the Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily revolution from east to west. See Crystalline heavens, under Crystalline.
The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as the motions of the planets, under primum mobile. Bacon.

Primus

Pri"mus (?), n. [L., the first.] One of the bishops of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority. Internat. Cyc.

Primy

Prim"y (?), a. [From Prime, a.] Being in its prime. [Obs.] "The youth of primy nature." Shak.

Prince

Prince (?), n. [F., from L. princeps, -cipis, the first, chief; primus first + capere to take. See Prime, a., and Capacious.]

1. The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; a monarch; -- originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).

Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince. Milton.
Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex. Camden.

2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as, princes of the blood. Shak.

3. A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in Spain he is always one of the royal family.

4. The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or profession; one who is pre\'89minent; as, a merchant prince; a prince of players. "The prince of learning." Peacham. Prince-Albert coat, a long double-breasted frock coat for men. -- Prince of the blood, Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See under Blood, Consort, and Darkness. -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of the English sovereign. -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two annual herbs (Amarantus caudatus and Polygonum orientale), with apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes. -- Prince's metal, Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's pine. (Bot.) See Pipsissewa.

Prince

Prince, v. i. To play the prince. [R.] Shak.

Princedom

Prince"dom (?), n. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a prince.
Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce. Milton.

Princehood

Prince"hood (?), n. Princeliness. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Princekin

Prince"kin (?), n. A petty prince; a princeling.
The princekins of private life. Thackeray.

Princeless

Prince"less, a. Without a prince. Fuller.

Princelet

Prince"let (?), n. A petty prince. [R.]

Princelike

Prince"like` (?), a. Princely. Shak.

Princeliness

Prince"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being princely; the state, manner, or dignity of a prince.

Princeling

Prince"ling (?), n. A petty prince; a young prince.

Princely

Prince"ly, a.

1. Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest rank or authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc.

2. Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent; magnificent; as, princely virtues; a princely fortune. "Most princely gifts." Shak.

Princely

Prince"ly (?), adv. In a princely manner.
My appetite was not princely got. Shak.

Princess

Prin"cess (?), n. [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.]

1. A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince. Dryden.

So excellent a princess as the present queen. Swift.

2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family. Shak.

3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales. Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign.

Princesse

Prin*cesse" (?), a. [F., a princess.] A term applied to a lady's long, close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.

Princesslike

Prin"cess*like` (?), a. Like a princess.

Princewood

Prince"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The wood of two small tropical American trees (Hamelia ventricosa, and Cordia gerascanthoides). It is brownish, veined with lighter color.

Princified

Prin"ci*fied (?), a. [Prince + L. -ficare (in comp.).] Imitative of a prince. [R. & Colloq.] Thackeray.

Principal

Prin"ci*pal (?), a. [F., from L. principalis. See Prince.]

1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; the principal arguments in a case.

Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7.

2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Spenser. Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal challenge. (Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection (a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight upon the plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane. -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the optical axis of a crystal.

Principal

Prin"ci*pal, n.

1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.

2. Hence: (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, -- as distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c) One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill.

3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a) (Com.) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in distinction from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.) The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing. (c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open diapason. (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e) pl. The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H. Walsh. (f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf. Gloss. (g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs.]

Principality

Prin`ci*pal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Principalities (#). [L. principalitas pre\'89minence, excellence: cf. F. principalit\'82, principaut\'82. See Principal.]

1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high, or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney.

Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. Jer. xiii. 18.
The prerogative and principality above everything else. Jer. Taylor.

2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of principalities the prime." Milton.

3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.

Principally

Prin"ci*pal*ly (?), adv. In a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.

Principalness

Prin"ci*pal*ness, n. The quality of being principal.

Principate

Prin"ci*pate (?), n. [L. principatus: cf. F. principat.] Principality; supreme rule. [Obs.] Barrow.

Principia

Prin*cip"i*a (?), n. pl. [L. principium. See Principle.] First principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's Principia.

Principial

Prin*cip"i*al (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Bacon.

Principiant

Prin*cip"i*ant (?), a. [L. principians, p. pr. of principiare to begin, fr. principium. See Principle.] Relating to principles or beginnings. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Principiate

Prin*cip"i*ate (?), v. t. [See Principiant.] To begin; to initiate. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Principiation

Prin*cip`i*a"tion (?), n. Analysis into primary or elemental parts. [Archaic] Bacon.

Principle

Prin"ci*ple (?), n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.]

1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.]

Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser.

2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.

Page 1139

The soul of man is an active principle. Tillotson.

3. An original faculty or endowment.

Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. Chaucer.
Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. Stewart.

4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.

Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. Heb. vi. 1.
A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. Milton.

5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle.

All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. Law.

6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc.

Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. Gregory.
Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc.

Principle

Prin"ci*ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Principling (?).] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill.
Governors should be well principled. L'Estrange.
Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. Locke.

Princock, Princox

Prin"cock (?), Prin"cox (?), n. [Prim + cock.] A coxcomb; a pert boy. [Obs.]

Prink

Prink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prinking.] [Probably a nasalized form of prick. See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig, Prank.] To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.

Prink

Prink, v. t. To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink their hair with daisies." Cowper.

Prinker

Prink"er (?), n. One who prinks.

Prinpriddle

Prin"prid`dle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The longtailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Print

Print (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.] [Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.]

1. To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon something.

A look will print a thought that never may remove. Surrey.
Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young Edward's sword did print. Sir John Beaumont.
Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay. Roscommon.

2. To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by pressure, or as by pressure.

Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the turf on which he trod. Dryden.

3. Specifically: To strike off an impression or impressions of, from type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures; to print an edition of a book.

4. To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print calico.

5. (Photog.) To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light upon a sensitized surface. Printed goods, textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton cloths, or calicoes.

Print

Print, v. i.

1. To use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.

2. To publish a book or an article.

From the moment he prints, he must except to hear no more truth. Pope.

Print

Print, n. [See Print, v., Imprint, n.]

1. A mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; as, the print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or snow.

Where print of human feet was never seen. Dryden.

2. A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon an object; as, a butter print.

3. That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a print of butter.

4. Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence, form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print.

5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically: (a) An impression taken from anything, as from an engraved plate. "The prints which we see of antiquities." Dryden. (b) A printed publication, more especially a newspaper or other periodical. Addison. (c) A printed cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth. (d) A photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.

6. (Founding) A core print. See under Core. Blue print, a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared paper.<-- also blueprint. Long used for reproduction of architectural drawings, now also applied to an architectural plan of any color, and thus (Fig.) a plan, or outline of a plan of action; as, blueprint for action --> -- In print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press; published. Shak. (b) To the letter; with accurateness. "All this I speak in print." Shak. -- Out of print. See under Out. -- Print works, a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.

Printa-ble

Print"a-ble (?), a. Worthy to be published. [R.]

Printer

Print"er (?), n. One who prints; especially, one who prints books, newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman. Printer's devil, Printer's gauge. See under Devil, and Gauge. -- Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below.

Printery

Print"er*y (?), n. A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a printing office. [R.]

Printing

Print"ing, n. The act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints. Block printing. See under Block. -- Printing frame (Photog.), a shallow box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by exposure to light. -- Printing house, a printing office. -- Printing ink, ink used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of lampblack or ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick by boiling and burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer qualities. Ure. -- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers, etc., are printed. -- Printing paper, paper used in the printing of books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from writing paper, wrapping paper, etc. -- Printing press, a press for printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc. -- Printing wheel, a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery, used in machines for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines, typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.

Printless

Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.

Printless

Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.

Printshop

Print"shop`, n. A shop where prints are sold.

Prior

Pri"or (?), a. [L. prior former, previous, better, superior; compar. corresponding to primus first, and pro for. See Former, and cf. Prime, a., and Pre-, Pro-.] Preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a prior discovery; prior obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived alone [in the time] prior to his marriage.

Prior

Pri"or, n. [OE. priour, OF. priour, prior, priur, F. prieur, from L. prior former, superior. See Prior, a.] (Eccl.) The superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity. Conventical, ∨ Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his own house. See the Note under Priory. -- Claustral prior, an official next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.

Priorate

Pri"or*ate (?), n. [LL. prioratus: cf. F. priorat.] The dignity, office, or government, of a prior. T. Warton.

Prioress

Pri"or*ess, n. [OF. prioresse.] A lady superior of a priory of nuns, and next in dignity to an abbess.

Priority

Pri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. priorit\'82. See Prior, a.]

1. The quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something else; as, priority of application.

2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak. Priority of debts, a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment before others. Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; pre\'89minence.

Priorly

Pri"or*ly (?), adv. Previously. [R.] Geddes.

Priorship

Pri"or*ship, n. The state or office of prior; priorate.

Priory

Pri"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Priories (#). [Cf. LL. prioria. See Prior, n.] A religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and obedience. See Cell, 2. &hand; Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the abbot. Alien priory, a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in some other country. Syn. -- See Cloister.

Pris

Pris (?), n. See Price, and 1st Prize. [Obs.]

Prisage

Pris"age (?; 48), n. [OF. prisage a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL. prisagium prisage; or from F. prise a taking, capture, prize. See Prize.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A right belonging to the crown of England, of taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more, -- one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I. butlerage was substituted for this. Blackstone. (b) The share of merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or admiral.

Priscillianist

Pris*cil"lian*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Priscillian, bishop of Avila in Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity.

Prise

Prise (?), n. An enterprise. [Obs.] Spenser.

Prise

Prise, n. & v. See Prize, n., 5. Also Prize, v. t.

Priser

Pris"er (?), n. See 1st Prizer. [Obs.]

Prism

Prism (?), n. [L. prisma, Gr. prisme.]

1. (Geom.) A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. &hand; Prisms of different forms are often named from the figure of their bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a rhombic prism, etc.

2. (Opt.) A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; -- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.

3. (Crystallog.) A form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis. See Form, n., 13. Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually of two prisms of different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers, as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color. -- Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. [So called from Wm. Nicol, of Edinburgh, who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image alone is transmitted.

Prismatic, Prismatical

Pris*mat"ic (?), Pris*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prismatique.]

1. Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or cleavage.

2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as, prismatic colors.

3. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic. Prismatic borax (Chem.), borax crystallized in the form of oblique prisms, with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from octahedral borax. -- Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light is resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary colors, under Color. -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same time. -- Prismatic spectrum (Opt.), the spectrum produced by the passage of light through a prism.

Prismatically

Pris*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the form on manner of a prism; by means of a prism.

Prismatoidal

Pris`ma*toid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid: F. prismato\'8bde.] Having a prismlike form. Ure.

Prismoid

Pris"moid (?), n. [Cf. F. prismto\'8bde.] A body that approaches to the form of a prism.

Prismoidal

Pris*moid"al (?), a. Having the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal solids.

Prismy

Pris"my (?), a. Pertaining to a prism. [R.]

Prison

Pris"on (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. prehensio, prensio, a seizing, arresting, fr. prehendre, prendere, to lay hold of, to seize. See Prehensile, and cf. Prize, n., Misprision.]

1. A place where persons are confined, or restrained of personal liberty; hence, a place or state o

Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name. Ps. cxlii. 7.
The tyrant \'92olus, . . . With power imperial, curbs the struggling winds, And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds. Dryden.

2. Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of criminals and others committed by lawful authority. Prison bars, ∨ Prison base. See Base, n., 24. -- Prison breach. (Law) See Note under 3d Escape, n., 4. -- Prison house, a prison. Shak. -- Prison ship (Naut.), a ship fitted up for the confinement of prisoners. -- Prison van, a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed to and from prison.

Prison

Pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prisoning.]

1. To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to restrain from liberty.

The prisoned eagle dies for rage. Sir W. Scott.
His true respect will prison false desire. Shak.

2. To bind (together); to enchain. [Obs.]

Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led Together prisoned. Robert of Brunne.

Prisoner

Pris"on*er (?), n. [F. prisonnier.]

1. One who is confined in a prison. Piers Plowman.

2. A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at the bar of a court. Bouvier.

Prisoner of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing. Keble.
Prisoner's base. See Base, n., 24.

Prisonment

Pris"on*ment (?), n. Imprisonment. [Obs.] Shak.

Pristinate

Pris"tin*ate (?), a. Pristine; primitive. [Obs.] "Pristinate idolatry." Holinshed.

Pristine

Pris"tine (?), a. [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See Prior, a.] Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine manners of a people; pristine vigor.

Pritch

Pritch (?), n. [See Prick.]

1. A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Pique; offense. [Obs.] D. Rogers.

Pritchel

Pritch"el (?), n. A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.

Prithee

Prith"ee (?), interj. A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee; generally used without I.<-- = pray (interj.). See I pray, under pray, v.i. --> Shak.
What was that scream for, I prithee? L'Estrange.
Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin. E. C. Stedman.

Prittle-prattle

Prit"tle-prat`tle (?), n. [See Prattle.] Empty talk; trifling loquacity; prattle; -- used in contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.] Abp. Bramhall.

Privacy

Pri"va*cy (?), n.; pl. Privacies (#). [See Private.]

1. The state of being in retirement from the company or observation of others; seclusion.

2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; retirement.

Her sacred privacies all open lie. Rowe.

3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak.

4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller.

5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Privado

Pri*va"do (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. privatus. See Private.] A private friend; a confidential friend; a confidant. [Obs.] Fuller.

Private

Pri"vate (?; 48), a. [L. privatus apart from the state, peculiar to an individual, private, properly p. p. of privare to bereave, deprive, originally, to separate, fr. privus single, private, perhaps originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to prae before. See Prior, a., and cf. Deprive, Privy, a.]

1. Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's private opinion; private property; a private purse; private expenses or interests; a private secretary.

2. Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or apartment; private prayer.

Reason . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests. Milton.
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3. Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as, a private citizen; private life. Shak.

A private person may arrest a felon. Blackstone.

4. Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a private understanding.

5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.] Private act ∨ statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial notice; -- opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole community<-- also, private law vs. public law -->. -- Private nuisance ∨ wrong. See Nuisance. -- Private soldier. See Private, n., 5. -- Private way, a right of private passage over another man's ground.<-- also, a road on private land, contrasted with public road. --> Kent.

Private

Pri"vate (?), n.

1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.]

Nor must I be unmindful of my private. B. Jonson.

3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy my private." Shak.

4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic]

What have kings, that privates have not too? Shak.

5. (Mil.) A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a noncommissioned officer. Macaulay.

6. pl. The private parts; the genitals. In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.

Privateer

Pri`va*teer" (?) n. [From Private.]

1. An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the enemy. See Letters of marque, under Marque.

2. The commander of a privateer.

Kidd soon threw off the character of a privateer and became a pirate. Macaulay.

Privateer

Pri`va*teer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Privateered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Privateering.] To cruise in a privateer.

Privateering

Pri`va*teer"ing, n. Cruising in a privateer.

Privateersman

Pri`va*teers"man (?), n.; pl. Privateersmen (. An officer or seaman of a privateer.

Privately

Pri"vate*ly (?), adv.

1. In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.

2. In a manner affecting an individual; personally not officially; as, he is not privately benefited.

Privateness

Pri"vate*ness, n.

1. Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy. Bacon.

2. The state of one not invested with public office.

Privation

Pri*va"tion (?) n. [L. privatio: cf. F. privation. See Private.]

1. The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank or office; degradation in rank; deprivation. Bacon.

2. The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially of something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo severe privations.

3. The condition of being absent; absence; negation.

Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a privation, or absence, of good. South.
Privation mere of light and absent day. Milton.

Privative

Priv"a*tive (?) a. [L. privativus: cf. F. privatif. See Private.]

1. Causing privation; depriving.

2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.

Privative blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and integrity. Jer. Taylor.

Privative

Priv"a*tive, n.

1. That of which the essence is the absence of something.

Blackness and darkness are indeed but privatives. Bacon.

2. (Logic) A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be naturally or rationally expected; -- called also privative term.

3. (Gram.) A privative prefix or suffix. See Privative, a., 3.

Privatively

Priv"a*tive*ly, adv. In a privative manner; by the absence of something; negatively. [R.] Hammond.

Privativeness

Priv"a*tive*ness, n. The state of being privative.

Privet

Priv"et (?), n. [Cf. Scot. privie, Prov. E. prim-print, primwort. Prob. for primet, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See, Prim, a., and cf. Prime to prune, Prim, n., Prie, n.] (Bot.) An ornamental European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges; -- called also prim. Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia. -- Evergreen privet, a plant of the genus Rhamnus. See Alatern. -- Mock privet, any one of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Phillyrea. They are from the Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for fancifully clipped shrubberies.<-- i.e., topiary plants -->

Privilege

Priv"i*lege (?), n. [F. privil\'8age, L. privilegium an ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual; privus private + lex, legis, law. See Private, and Legal.]

1. A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.

He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman. Kettlewell.
The privilege birthright was a double portion. Locke.
A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties. Burke.

2. (Stockbroker's Cant) See Call, Put, Spread, etc. Breach of privilege. See under Breach. -- Question of privilege (Parliamentary practice), a question which concerns the security of a member of a legislative body in his special privileges as such. -- Water privilege, the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream, or a place affording such advantage. [ U. S.] -- Writ of privilege (Law), a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when arrested in a civil suit. Blackstone. Syn. -- Prerogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty. -- Privilege, Prerogative. Privilege, among the Romans, was something conferred upon an individual by a private law; and hence, it denotes some peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed by the world at large. Prerogative, among the Romans, was the right of voting first; and, hence, it denotes a right of precedence, or of doing certain acts, or enjoying certain privileges, to the exclusion of others. It is the privilege of a member of Congress not to be called in question elsewhere for words uttered in debate. It is the prerogative of the president to nominate judges and executive officers. It is the privilege of a Christian child to be instructed in the true religion. It is the prerogative of a parent to govern and direct his children.

Privilege

Priv"i*lege (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Privileged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Privileging.] [Cf. F. privil\'82gier.]

1. To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to privilege representatives from arrest.

To privilege dishonor in thy name. Shak.

2. To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.

He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall privilege him from your hands. Shak.

Privileged

Priv"i*leged (?), a. Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right, advantage, or immunity. Privileged communication. (Law) (a) A communication which can not be disclosed without the consent of the party making it, -- such as those made by a client to his legal adviser, or by persons to their religious or medical advisers. (b) A communication which does not expose the party making it to indictment for libel, -- such as those made by persons communicating confidentially with a government, persons consulted confidentially as to the character of servants, etc. -- Privileged debts (Law), those to which a preference in payment is given out of the estate of a deceased person, or out of the estate of an insolvent. Wharton. Burrill. -- Privileged witnesses (Law) witnesses who are not obliged to testify as to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their dealings with their clients, and officers of state as to state secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed in the same category, so far as concerns information received by them professionally.<-- also called attorney-clinet privilege, doctor-patient privelege -->

Privily

Priv"i*ly, adv. In a privy manner; privately; secretly. Chaucer. 2 Pet. ii. 1.

Privity

Priv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Privities (-t&icr;z). [From Privy, a.: cf. F. privaut\'82 extreme familiarity.]

1. Privacy; secrecy; confidence. Chaucer.

I will unto you, in privity, discover . . . my purpose. Spenser.

2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.

All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the privity of the Prince of Orange. Swift.

3. A private matter or business; a secret. Chaucer.

4. pl. The genitals; the privates.

5. (Law) A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same rights of property.

Privy

Priv"y (?), a. [F. priv\'82, fr. L. privatus. See Private.]

1. Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private uses; not public; private; as, the privy purse. " Privee knights and squires." Chaucer.

2. Secret; clandestine. " A privee thief." Chaucer.

3. Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public. " Privy chambers." Ezek. xxi. 14.

4. Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant; privately knowing.

His wife also being privy to it. Acts v. 2.
Myself am one made privy to the plot. Shak.
Privy chamber, a private apartment in a royal residence. [Eng.] -- Privy council (Eng. Law), the principal council of the sovereign, composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king or queen. Burrill. -- Privy councilor, a member of the privy council. -- Privy purse, moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch; also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys. [Eng.] Macaulay. -- Privy seal ∨ signed, the seal which the king uses in grants, etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which the uses in matters of subordinate consequence which do not require the great seal; also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person intrusted with the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Privy verdict, a verdict given privily to the judge out of court; -- now disused. Burrill.

Privy

Priv"y, n.; pl. Privies (.

1. (Law) A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to which he is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is distinguished from party. Burrill. Wharton.

2. A necessary house or place; a backhouse.

Prizable

Priz"a*ble (?), a. Valuable. H. Taylor.

Prize

Prize (?), n. [F. prise a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. pris, p. p. of prendre to take, L. prendere, prehendere; in some senses, as 2 (b), either from, or influenced by, F. prix price. See Prison, Prehensile, and cf. Pry, and also Price.]

1. That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.

I will depart my pris, or may prey, by deliberation. Chaucer.
His own prize, Whom formerly he had in battle won. Spenser.

2. Hence, specifically; (a) (Law) Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel. Kent. Brande & C. (b) An honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.

I'll never wrestle for prize more. Shak.
I fought and conquered, yet have lost the prize. Dryden.
(c) That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

3. Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in prospect.

I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. Phil. iii. 14.

4. A contest for a reward; competition. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever. [Written also prise.] Prize court, a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war on the high seas. Bouvier. -- Prize fight, an exhibition contest, esp. one of pugilists, for a stake or wager. -- Prize fighter, one who fights publicly for a reward; -- applied esp. to a professional boxer or pugilist. Pope. -- Prize fighting, fighting, especially boxing, in public for a reward or wager. -- Prize master, an officer put in charge or command of a captured vessel. -- Prize medal, a medal given as a prize. -- Prize money, a dividend from the proceeds of a captured vessel, etc., paid to the captors. -- Prize ring, the ring or inclosure for a prize fight; the system and practice of prize fighting. -- To make prize of, to capture. Hawthorne.

Prize

Prize (?), v. t. To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry. [Written also prise.]

Prize

Prize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prizing.] [F. priser, OF. prisier, preisier, fr. L. pretiare, fr. pretium worth, value, price. See Price, and cf. Praise.] [Formerly written also prise. ]

1. To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.

A goodly price that I was prized at. Zech. xi. 13.
I prize it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor. Shak.

2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem. "[I] do love, prize, honor you. " Shak.

I prized your person, but your crown disdain. Dryden.

Prize

Prize, n. [F. prix price. See 3d Prize. ] Estimation; valuation. [Obs.] Shak.

Prizeman

Prize"man (?), n.; pl. Prizemen (. The winner of a prize.

Prizer

Priz"er (?), n. [See 3d Prize.] One who estimates or sets the value of a thing; an appraiser. Shak.

Prizer

Priz"er, n. [See 1st Prize.] One who contends for a prize; a prize fighter; a challenger. [Obs.] Shak.
Appeareth no man yet to answer the prizer. B. Jonson.

Prizing

Priz"ing, n. [See 2d Prize.] The application of a lever to move any weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See Prize, n., 5.

Pro-

Pro- (?). [L. pro, or Gr. Pro.] A prefix signifying before, in front, forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, propose, to place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to throw forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel, prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion, arrangement according to parts.

Pro

Pro, prep. [L.; akin to prae before, Gr. for. See For, prep., and cf. Prior, a.] A Latin preposition signifying for, before, forth. Pro confesso [L.] (Law), taken as confessed. The action of a court of equity on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the pleading on the other side does not deny. -- Pro rata. [L. See Prorate.] In proportion; proportion. -- Pro re nata [L.] (Law), for the existing occasion; as matters are.

Pro

Pro, adv. For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in contrast with con. Pro and con, for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative side; as, they debated the question pro and con; -- formerly used also as a verb. -- Pros and cons, the arguments or reasons on either side.

Proa

Pro"a (?), n. [Malay pr\'be\'beh.] (Naut.) A sailing canoe of the Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and its weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to windward. It has been called the flying proa, and is the swiftest sailing craft known.<-- having an outrigger -->

Proach

Proach (?), v. i. See Approach. [Obs.]

Proatlas

Pro*at"las (?), n. [Pref. pro- + atlas.] (Anat.) A vertebral rudiment in front of the atlas in some reptiles.

Probabiliorism

Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism (?), n. The doctrine of the probabiliorists.

Probabiliorist

Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist (?), n. [From L. probabilior, compar. of probabilis probable.] (Casuistry) One who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably right.

Probabilism

Prob"a*bil*ism (?) n. [Cf. F. probabilisme.] The doctrine of the probabilists.

Probabilist

Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabilists.]

1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.

2. (Casuistry) One who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.

Probability

Prob`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Probabilities (#). [L. probabilitas: cf. F. probabilit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.

Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not constant, but appears for the most part to be so. Locke.

2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance of reality or truth.

The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and balancing of probabilities. Buckminster.
We do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail. J. H. Newman.

3. (Math.) Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance, n., 5. Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.

Probable

Prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve, prove: cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.]

1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]

2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.

That is accounted probable which has better arguments producible for it than can be brought against it. South.
I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I have before asserted them to be morally certain. Bp. Wilkins.
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3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption. Blackstone. Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge is, or my be, well founded. -- Probable error (of an observation, or of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie. Thus, if 3&sec; is the probable error in a given case, the chances that the real error is greater than 3&sec; are equal to the chances that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy.<-- now, usually standard deviation is used --> -- The probable, that which is within the bounds of probability; that which is not unnatural or preternatural; -- opposed to the marvelous.

Probably

Prob"a*bly (?), adv. In a probable manner; in likelihood.
Distinguish between what may possibly and what will probably be done. L'Estrange.

Probacy

Pro"ba*cy (?), n. [See Probate.] Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Probal

Pro"bal (?), a. Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak.

Probality

Pro*bal"i*ty (?), n. Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality." Holland.

Probang

Pro"bang (?), n. [See Probe.] A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, etc.

Probate

Pro"bate (?), n. [From L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See Prove.]

1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton.

2. (Law) (a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act; the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate, delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been proved. Bouvier. Burrill. (b) The right or jurisdiction of proving wills.

Probate

Pro"bate, a. Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a probate record. Probate Court, ∨ Court of Probate, a court for the probate of wills. -- Probate duty, a government tax on property passing by will. [Eng.]

Probate

Pro"bate (?) v. t. To obtain the official approval of, as of an instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the executor has probated the will.

Probation

Pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine, prove: cf. F. probation. See Prove.]

1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof. [Obs.]

When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he gave probation that he intended that all should prophesy and preach. Jer. Taylor.

2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on probation. Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the severities of the rule. (b) The trial of a ministerial candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a pastor. (c) Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.

No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards it as a state of probation. Paley.

Probational

Pro*ba"tion*al (?), a. Probationary.

Probationary

Pro*ba"tion*a*ry (?) a. Of or pertaining to probation; serving for trial.
To consider this life . . . as a probationary state. Paley.

Probationer

Pro*ba"tion*er (?), n.

1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.

While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven. Dryden.

2. A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to preach. [Scot.]

Probationership

Pro*ba"tion*er*ship, n. The state of being a probationer; novitiate. Locke.

Probationship

Pro*ba"tion*ship, n. A state of probation.

Probative

Pro"ba*tive (?), a. [L. probativus: cf. F.probatif.] Serving for trial or proof; probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence. South.

Probator

Pro*ba"tor (?) n. [L.]

1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman.

2. (O. Eng. Law) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's evidence.

Probatory

Pro"ba*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. probatoire.]

1. Serving for trial; probationary. Abp. Bramhall.

2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor. Probatory term (Law), a time for taking testimony.

Probe

Probe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Probing.] [L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.]

1. To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with a probe.

2. Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly. Dryden.

The growing disposition to probe the legality of all acts, of the crown. Hallam.

Probe

Probe, n. (Surg.) An instrument for examining the depth or other circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc. Parr. Probe, ∨ Probe-pointed, scissors (Surg.), scissors used to open wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button at the end. Wiseman.

Probeagle

Pro"bea`gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Porbeagle.

Probe-pointed

Probe"-point`ed (?), a. (Surg.) Having a blunt or button-shaped extremity; -- said of cutting instruments.

Probity

Prob"i*ty (?), n. [F. probit\'82, fr. L. probitas, fr. probus good, proper, honest. Cf. Prove.] Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness. "Probity of mind." Pope. Syn. -- Probity, Integrity. Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations, called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can not enforce. Integrity denotes a whole-hearted honesty, and especially that which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has a peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of property, and the execution of trusts for others.

Problem

Prob"lem (?), n. [F. probl\'8ame, L. problema, fr. Gr. Parable. ]

1. A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful case; a question involving doubt. Bacon.

2. (Math.) Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an unknown quantity. &hand; Problem differs from theorem in this, that a problem is something to be done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a circle, etc.; a theorem is something to be proved, as that all the angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles. Plane problem (Geom.), a problem that can be solved by the use of the rule and compass. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem requiring in its geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.

Problematic, Problematical

Prob`lem*at"ic (?), Prob`lem*at"ic*al (?), a. [L. problematicus, Gr. probl\'82matique.] Having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact; questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful. -- Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.
Diligent inquiries into remote and problematical guilt leave a gate wide open to . . . informers. Swift.

Problematist

Prob"lem*a*tist (?) n. One who proposes problems. [R.] Evelyn.

Problematize

Prob"lem*a*tize (?) v. t. To propose problems. [R.] "Hear him problematize." B. Jonson.

Proboscidate

Pro*bos"ci*date (?), a. [See Proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a proboscis; proboscidial.

Proboscidea

Pro`bos*cid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of large mammal

Proboscidean

Pro`bos*cid"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Proboscidian.

Proboscidial

Pro`bos*cid"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Proboscidate.

Proboscidian

Pro`bos*cid"i*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Proboscidea. -- n. One of the Proboscidea.

Proboscidifera

Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis, and -ferous.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See Illust. of Gastropoda, and of Winkle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of the t\'91nioglossate gastropods, including the fig-shells (Pyrula), the helmet shells (Cassis), the tritons, and allied genera.

Proboscidiform

Pro`bos*cid"i*form (?) a. Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as, a proboscidiform mouth.

Proboscis

Pro*bos"cis (?), n.; pl. Proboscides (#). [L. fr. Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk. &hand; The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube formed by the modified maxill\'91, or by the labium. See Illusts. of Hemiptera and Lepidoptera.

2. (Zo\'94l.) By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded. &hand; The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a portion of the pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of nemerteans is a special long internal organ, not connected with the mouth, and not used in feeding, but capable of being protruded from a pore in the head. See Illust. in Appendix.

3. The nose. [Jocose] Proboscis monkey. (Zo\'94l.) See Kahau.

Procacious

Pro*ca"cious (?), a. [L. procax, -acis, fr. procare to ask, demand.] Pert; petulant; forward; saucy. [R.] Barrow.

Procacity

Pro*cac"i*ty (?) n. [L. procacitas.] Forwardness; pertness; petulance. [R.] Burton.

Procambium

Pro*cam"bi*um (?) n. [NL. See Pro-, and Cambium.] (Bot.) The young tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have begun to be differentiated. Sachs.

Procatarctic

Pro`cat*arc"tic (?), a. [Gr. procatarctique. ] (Med.) Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial. [Obs.] &hand; The words procatarctic causes have been used with different significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with prime causes, exciting causes, and predisposing or remote causes.
The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes. Harvey.

Procatarxis

Pro`cat*arx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic cause. Quincy.

Procedendo

Pro`ce*den"do (?), n. [Abl. of the gerundive of L. procedere. see Proceed.] (Law) (a) A writ by which a cause which has been removed on insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by certiorari, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be proceeded in there. (b) In English practice, a writ issuing out of chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment. (c) A writ by which the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having been suspended. Tomlins. Burrill.

Procedure

Pro*ce"dure (?), n. [F. proc\'82dure. See Proceed.]

1. The act or manner of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; conduct. "The true procedure of conscience." South.

2. A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an action or other legal proceeding. "Gracious procedures." I. Taylor.

3. That which results; issue; product. [Obs.] Bacon.

Proceed

Pro*ceed" (?) v. i. [imp. & p. p. Proceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Proceeding.] [F. proc\'82der. fr. L. procedere, processum, to go before, to proceed; pro forward + cedere to move. See Cede.]

1. To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or renew motion begun; as, to proceed on a journey.

If thou proceed in this thy insolence. Shak.

2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to proceed with a story or argument.

3. To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from; as, light proceeds from the sun.

I proceeded forth and came from God. John viii. 42.
It proceeds from policy, not love. Shak.

4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.

He that proceeds upon other principles in his inquiry. Locke.

5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. [Obs.]

He will, after his sour fashion, tell you What hath proceeded worthy note to-day. Shak.

6. To have application or effect; to operate.

This rule only proceeds and takes place when a person can not of common law condemn another by his sentence. Ayliffe.

7. (Law) To begin and carry on a legal process. Syn. -- To advance; go on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.

Proceed

Pro"ceed (?) n. See Proceeds. [Obs.] Howell.

Proceeder

Pro*ceed"er (?), n. One who proceeds.

Proceeding

Pro*ceed"ing, n.

1. The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a design or transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an illegal proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding.

The proceedings of the high commission. Macaulay.

2. pl. (Law) The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at law. Blackstone. Proceedings of a society, the published record of its action, or of things done at its meetings. Syn. -- Procedure; measure; step, See Transaction.

Proceeds

Pro"ceeds (?), n. pl. That which comes forth or results; effect; yield; issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.

Proceleusmatic

Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), a. [L. proceleusmaticus, Gr. proc\'82leusmatique.]

1. Inciting; animating; encouraging. [R.] Johnson.

2. (Pros.) Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four short syllables each.

Proceleusmatic

Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), n. (Pros.) A foot consisting of four short syllables.

Procellarian

Pro`cel*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. procella a storm.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of oceanic birds (Procellarid\'91) including the petrels, fulmars, and shearwaters. They are often seen in great abundance in stormy weather.

Procellous

Pro*cel"lous (?), a. [L. procellosus, fr. procella a storm.] Stormy. [Obs.] Bailey.

Procephalic

Pro`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Pref. pro- + cephalic.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or forming, the front of the head. Procephalic lobe (Zo\'94l.), that part of the head of an invertebrate animal which is in front of the mouth.

Proception

Pro*cep"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. capere to take.] Preoccupation. [Obs.] Eikon Basilik

Procere

Pro*cere" (?), a. [L. procerus tall.] Of high stature; tall. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Procerebrum

Pro*cer"e*brum (?) n. [Pref. pro- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) The prosencephalon.

Proceres

Proc"e*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. procer (Zo\'94l.) An order of large birds; the Ratit\'91; -- called also Proceri.

Procerite

Proc"er*ite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The segment next to the flagellum of the antenn\'91 of Crustacea.

Procerity

Pro*cer"i*ty (?), n. [L. proceritas.] Height of stature; tallness. [R.] Johnson.

Process

Proc"ess, n. [F. proc\'8as, L. processus. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; progress; advance. "Long process of time." Milton.

The thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns. Tennyson.
<-- = advance of time? -->

2. A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.

Tell her the process of Antonio's end. Shak.

3. A statement of events; a narrative. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Any marked prominence or projecting part, especially of a bone; anapophysis.

5. (Law) The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal, civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit; strictly, the means used for bringing the defendant into court to answer to the action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called judicial. Deacon's process [from H. Deacon, who introduced it] (Chem.), a method of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated slag which has been previously saturated with a solution of some metallic salt, as sulphate of copper. -- Final process (Practice), a writ of execution in an action at law. Burrill. -- In process, in the condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun, and not completed. -- Jury process (Law), the process by which a jury is summoned in a cause, and by which their attendance is enforced. Burrill. -- Leblanc's process (Chem.), the process of manufacturing soda by treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium sulphate so formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and converting the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with lime. -- Mesne process. See under Mesne. -- Process milling, the process of high milling for grinding flour. See under Milling. -- Reversible process (Thermodynamics), any process consisting of a cycle of operations such that the different operations of the cycle can be performed in reverse order with a reversal of their effects.

Page 1142

Procession

Pro*ces"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. processio. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. Bp. Pearson.

That the procession of their life might be
More equable, majestic, pure, and free. Trench.

2. That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the Lord Mayor's procession.

Here comes the townsmen on procession. Shak.

3. (Eccl.) An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within or without. Shipley.

4. pl. (Eccl.) An old term for litanies which were said in procession and not kneeling. Shipley. Procession of the Holy Ghost, a theological term applied to the relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and the Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. Shipley. -- Procession week, a name for Rogation week, when processions were made; Cross-week. Shipley.

Procession

Pro*ces"sion, v. t. (Law) To ascertain, mark, and establish the boundary lines of, as lands. [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).] "To procession the lands of such persons as desire it." Burrill.

Procession

Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To march in procession. [R.]

Procession

Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To honor with a procession. [R.]

Processional

Pro*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.
The processional services became more frequent. Milman.

Processional

Pro*ces"sion*al, n. [F. processionnal, LL. processionale.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions. J. Gregory.

2. A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the processional was the 202d hymn.

Processionalist

Pro*ces"sion*al*ist, n. One who goes or marches in a procession. [R.]

Processionary

Pro*ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. processionarius, F. processionnaire.] Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as, processionary service. Processionary moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus Cnethocampa, especially C. processionea of Europe, whose larv\'91 make large webs on oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging hairs.

Processioner

Pro*ces"sion*er (?), n.

1. One who takes part in a procession.

2. A manual of processions; a processional. Fuller.

3. An officer appointed to procession lands. [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).] Burrill.

Processioning

Pro*ces"sion*ing, n. A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession. [ Local, U. S.] Bouvier.

Processive

Pro*ces"sive (?), a. Proceeding; advancing.
Because it is language, -- ergo, processive. Coleridge.
<-- (Biochemistry) acting from one end of a polymer, and continuing to act on the same polymer, rather than detaching and re-binding randomly to other molecules. Said of polymerases or hydrolytic enzymes. Opposed to "distributive". Colloquially, (laboratory slang) processive and distributive enzymes may be referred to as "clingers" and "hoppers", respectively. -->

Proc\'8as verbal

Pro`c\'8as" ver`bal" (?). [ F.] (French Law) An authentic minute of an official act, or statement of facts.

Prochein

Pro"chein (?), a. [F. prochain, fr. L. (assumed) proximanus, fr. proximus.] Next; nearest. Prochein ami ∨ amy ( (Law), the next friend. See under Next.

Prochordal

Pro*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. pro + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated in front of the notochord; -- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous rudiments in the base of the skull.

Prochronism

Pro"chro*nism (?) n. [Gr. prochronisme.] The dating of an event before the time it happened; an antedating; -- opposed to metachronism.

Prochronize

Pro"chro*nize (?), v. t. To antedate. Fitzed. Hall.

Procidence, Procidentia

Proc"i*dence, Proc*i*den"ti*a (?), n. [L. procidentia, fr. procidens, p. pr. of procidere to fall down forward.] (Med.) A falling down; a prolapsus. [R.] Parr.

Prociduous

Pro*cid"u*ous (, a. [ L. prociduus.] Falling from its proper place.

Procinct

Pro*cinct" (?) n. [L. procinctus, fr. procingere, procinctum, to gird up.] A state of complete readiness for action. [Obs.] "War in procinct." Milton.

Proclaim

Pro*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proclaiming.] [OE. proclamen, L. proclamare; pro before, forward + clamare to call or cry out: cf. F. proclamer. See Claim.]

1. To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to proclaim war or peace.

To proclaim liberty to the captives. Isa. lxi. 1.
For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Shak.
Throughout the host proclaim A solemn council forthwith to be held. Milton.

2. To outlaw by public proclamation.

I heard myself proclaimed. Shak.
Syn. -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See Announce.

Proclaimer

Pro*claim"er (?), n. One who proclaims.

Proclamation

Proc`la*ma"tion (?) n. [F. proclamation, L. proclamatio. See Proclaim.]

1. The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.

King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was exempted. 1 Kings xv. 22.

2. That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially declared; a published ordinance; as, the proclamation of a king; a Thanksgiving proclamation.

Proclitic

Pro*clit"ic (?), a. [Gr. Enclitic.] (Gr. Gram.) Leaning forward; -- said of certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to the following word as not to have a separate accent.

Proclive

Pro*clive" (?) a. [L. proclivis sloping, inclined; pro forward + clivus hill: cf. F. proclive. See Declivity, and cf. Proclivous.] Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Proclivity

Pro*cliv"i*ty (?), n. [L. proclivitas: cf. F. proclivit\'82.]

1. Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency. "A proclivity to steal." Abp. Bramhall.

2. Readiness; facility; aptitude.

He had such a dexterous proclivity as his teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness. Sir H. Wotton.

Proclivous

Pro*cli"vous (?), a. [L. proclivus. See Proclive.]

1. Inclined; tending by nature. [R.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the incisor teeth directed forward.

Proc\'d2le

Pro*c\'d2le" (?), n. [Pref. pro + Gr. (Anat.) A lateral cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

Proc\'d2lia

Pro*c\'d2"li*a (?) n.; pl. Proc\'d2li\'91 (. [ NL.] (Anat.) Same as Proc\'d2le.

Proc\'d2lia

Pro*c\'d2"li*a, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Crocodilia, including the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal vertebr\'91 are concave in front.

Proc\'d2lian

Pro*c\'d2"li*an (?) a. [See Proc\'d2le.] (Anat & Zo\'94l.) Concave in front; as, proc\'d2lian vertebr\'91, which have the anterior end of the centra concave and the posterior convex.

Proc\'d2lian

Pro*c\'d2"li*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) A reptile having proc\'d2lian vertebr\'91; one of the Proc\'d2lia.

Proc\'d2lous

Pro*c\'d2"lous (?), a.Same as Proc\'d2lian.

Proconsul

Pro*con"sul (?), n. [L., fr. pro for + consul consul.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was usually one who had previously been consul.

Proconsular, Proconsulary

Pro*con"su*lar (?), Pro*con"su*la*ry (?), a. [L. proconsularis: cf. F. proconsulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers.

2. Under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province.

Proconsulate

Pro*con"su*late (?), n. [L. proconsulatus: cf. F. proconsulat.] The office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.

Proconsulship

Pro*con"sul*ship (?) n. Proconsulate.

Procrastinate

Pro*cras"ti*nate (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrastinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Procrastinating.] [L. procrastinatus, p. p. of procrastinare to procrastinate; pro forward + crastinus of to-morrow, fr. cras to-morrow.] To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance. Dr. H. More.
Hopeless and helpless \'92geon wend, But to procrastinate his lifeless end. Shak.
Syn. -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.

3. (Gram.) Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a word; as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. un-, non-, -less.